CLASS : VI GEOGRAPHY

L – 4 : MOTIONS OF THE EARTH

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. How much time does the earth take to complete one rotation on its axis?
Ans. The earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation on its axis.

Q2. How much time is taken by the earth to complete one revolution around the sun?
Ans. The earth takes 365 days and 6 hours to complete one revolution around the Sun.

Q3. On which dates are the days and nights equal all over the world?
Ans. On 21st March and 23rd September, the days and nights are equal all over the world.

Q4. Which movement of the earth causes day and night?

Ans. Rotation of the earth causes day and night.

Q5. Which is the season at the time of Christmas in Australia?

Ans. In Australia, there is summer season at the time of Christmas.

Q6. What is the effect of the inclination of the earth’s axis?

Ans. 1) It causes opposite seasons in the two hemispheres.
2) It results in the variation in the length of days and nights.

Q7. “The seasons are opposite in the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere”. State reason.
Ans. The seasons are opposite in the two hemispheres because of the inclination of the earth's axis at an angle
of 661 2 ° to the plane of its orbit.

Q8. Name the two motions of earth.

Ans. The two motions of the earth are rotation and revolution.

B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. Explain the effects of earth’s rotation.
Ans. The effects of earth’s rotation are as follow:
1. Since the earth rotates from west to east, we see the sun rising in the east and setting in the west.
2. It causes day and night.
3. It causes a consistent change in the direction of the flow of winds and ocean water.

Q2. Explain the concept of leap year.

Ans. The earth completes one revolution in 365 days and 6 hours. For our convenience, we consider the year
to be of 365 days. The remaining 6 hours are added upto 4 years. In every fourth year one extra day is
added in the calendar in the month of February. This fourth year is called leap year. It has 366 days.

Q3. Explain the causes of varying duration of days and nights at a place during the period of one year.
Ans. The variation in the lengths of days and nights occurs because the earth revolves around the sun, with its
axis always inclined at an angle of 66½o . So the axis of the earth in its orbit around the sun remains
tilted to one side. Due to this inclination in one direction, one hemisphere remains inclines towards the
sun during six months every year. Large part of the hemisphere faces the sun during this period. Every
point in this part of the earth remains lighted for a longer time. Thus the days in this part are longer and
nights are shorter.
C. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN :
a) Rotation and Revolution of the earth
ROTATION REVOLUTION
It is the movement of the earth on its axis from It is the movement of the earth around the sun along
west to east. the elliptical orbit.
The earth completes one rotation on its axis in 24 The earth completes one revolution around the sun
hours. in 365 days and 6 hours.
Day and nights are caused due to rotation of the Seasons are caused due to revolution of the earth.
earth.

b)Winter Solstice and the Summer Solstice

Summer Solstice Winter Solstice
It is the position of the earth with reference to the It is the position of the earth with reference to the
sun on 21st June. sun on 22nd December.
In summer solstice, the Northern Pole is tilted In winter solstice, the South Pole is tilted towards
towards the sun. the sun.
The rays of the sun fall vertically on the Tropic of The rays of the sun fall vertically on the Tropic of
Cancer on this day. Capricorn on this day.
The Northern Hemisphere has the longest day and The Southern Hemisphere has the longest day and
the shortest night in summer solstice. the shortest night in winter solstice.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

D. MARK TRUE OR FALSE:
1) False 2) False 3) True 4) True
5) True 6) True

E. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS:

7. equator 8. Winter 9. Tropic of Capricorn 10. 365, 6
11. Polar

F. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

12. West to East 13. 66 ½o 14. North Pole
15. 22nd December 16. 22nd December 17. 21st March

G. MAKE OUT CORRECT PAIRS FROM THE FOLLOWING TWO COLUMNS:

A B
a) Movements of the earth on its axis from west to east Orbit (c)
b) The movement of the earth around the sun Rotation (a)
c) The path of the earth around the sun Revolution (b)

H. COMPLETE THE BOX :

A B
Longest day in the southern hemisphere December 22
Shortest day in the southern hemisphere June 21

I. ASSERTION AND REASONING BASED QUESTIONS :

(i) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
(ii) A is true but R is false.
J. CREATING, ANALYSING AND EVALUATION BASED QUESTIONS:
1. With reference to days and nights answer the following questions:
(i) Define the circle of illumination.
Ans: The circle that divides the day and night on the globe is called the circle of illumination.

(ii) At which latitude the days and nights remain equal throughout the year?
Ans: At equator the days and nights remain equal throughout the year.

(iii) Had the axis of the earth not been inclined, what would have been its effect?
Ans: If the axis of the earth had not been inclined, days and nights would have been equal throughout
the world.
2. With reference to the changing seasons answer the following questions:
(i) What are the phenomena responsible for the change for seasons?
Ans: The revolution of the earth and inclination of the earth’s axis is responsible for the change for
seasons.

(ii) Which pole is inclined towards the sun during the month of June? What is its effect?
Ans. North Pole is inclined towards the sun during the month of June. Due to it summer season
occurs in Northern Hemisphere. Arctic Circle experience continues daylight for about six
months.

(iii) Which pole is inclined towards the sun during the month of December? What is its effect?
Ans. South Pole is inclined towards the sun during the month of December. Due to it Southern
Hemisphere experiences summer season.

(iv) During which month of the year both the poles are neither inclined towards the sun nor are
away from it? What is its effect?
Ans. In March and September both poles are neither inclined towards the sun nor they are away from
it. In March, NH has spring seasons and SH has autumn season. In September NH has autumn
season and SH has spring season.

K. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES / PROJECTS : TRY YOURSELF.

L – 5 : REALMS OF THE EARTH

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. Name the realms of the earth.

Ans. The realms of the earth are the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere.

Q2. Name the two continents stretching on both sides of the Equator.
Ans. Africa and South America are the two continents stretching on both sides of the equator.

Q3. Name the three most important gases in the atmosphere.

Ans. Nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide are the important gases in the atmosphere.
Q4. Define Ocean.
Ans. Large water bodies on the earth's surface, generally separated by the continents are called oceans.

Q5. Name the largest ocean of the world.

Ans. The largest ocean of the world is the Pacific Ocean.

Q6. Define biosphere.

Ans. The narrow contact zone between the lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere which can support life
is called biosphere.

Q7. Define continent.

Ans. A large landmass separated from the other landmasses by sea is called continent.

Q8. Which continent is called the island continent?

Ans. Australia is called the island continent.

Q9. What is the effect of the growth of population on the biosphere?

Ans. The effects of the growth of population on the biosphere are as under:
1. Increasing human population increases pressure on various components of the biosphere.
2. Forests are being cut and animals have been hunted to fulfill the needs of the increasing population.

Q10. How is environment getting polluted?

Ans. The use of energy giving substances such as coal and oil releases gases like carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
in the air. These gases are harmful to animal life. The increasing number of vehicles on the roads and the factories
increase the amount of these harmful substances in the atmosphere. Similarly, many harmful products are put into
the water bodies from the factories, etc. This makes the air and water impure. Thus, parts of the biosphere are
getting polluted.

Q11. Define global warming.

Ans. The use of energy giving substances such as coal and oil releases gases like carbon dioxide which lead to increase
in global temperature and is termed as global warming.

Q12. Do you think you can also contribute in saving the environment? Mention any two ways.
Ans. Yes, we can contribute in saving the environment in the following ways:
(i) By using renewable sources of energy like wind, solar and tidal energy.
(ii) By planting more and more trees.

B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. Give the composition of the atmosphere and mention the importance of oxygen and water in it.
Ans. The atmosphere is a mixture of a number of gases. The most important constituents of the air are
nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen amounts to nearly 78 per cent of the volume of air while
oxygen makes up about 21 per cent. The remaining one per cent of air includes all the remaining gases
like carbon-dioxide, argon, water vapour etc. All components of air are important to us.
Oxygen is known as ‘life breath’ as all living things need oxygen for breathing. Water is necessary for
the growth of plants and for the survival of living things.
Q2. What are the causes of environment pollution ? How can this problem be solved?
Ans. Following are the causes of environment pollution :
1. The use of energy giving substances such as coal and oil releases gases like carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide. These gases are harmful to animal life.
2. The increasing number of vehicles on the roads and the factories increase the amount of harmful substances in
the atmosphere and in water bodies, pollute the environment.
3. Forests are being cut and animals have been hunted since ancient times and result into the removal of some of
the plants and animals from the face of the earth .
This problem can be solved by the following ways:
a. We should be very careful in using the biosphere so that it is not harmed too much.
b. Checking the growth of human population is necessary to reduce the burden on the biosphere.
c. Man should adopt the principle of live and let live.

C. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN :
1. Ocean and Continent

Ocean Continent
1. Large water bodies on the earth's surface, 1. A large landmass separated from the other
generally separated by the continents are called landmasses by sea is called continent.
oceans .
2. There are four major oceans in the world. They 2. There are seven major continents in the world. They
are The Pacific Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean, The are. Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South
Indian Ocean and The Arctic Ocean. America, Australia and Antarctica.

2. Atmosphere & Biosphere

Atmosphere Biosphere
A blanket of air around the earth is called atmosphere. The narrow contact zone between the lithosphere, the
atmosphere and the hydrosphere, which can support life
is called biosphere.

3. Lithosphere and Hydrosphere

Lithosphere Hydrosphere
1. The domain of the earth consisting of a solid crust 1. The domain of the earth consisting water is called
is called the Lithosphere. the Hydrosphere.

2. In includes all large and small land masses fn the 2. It includes oceans, seas, lakes, rivers etc.
earth.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

D. MARK TRUE OR FALSE AGAINST THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT AND

REWRITE THE CORRECT STATEMENT:
1. True 2. True 3. False : North America stretches in northern and western hemispheres.

4. True 5. False : The Antarctic Ocean surrounds the south pole.

E. FILL IN THE BLANKS :

7. Oxygen, plants more trees 8. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
9. live, let live 10. use renewable sources of energy
F. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
11. 29% 12. Australia 13. Africa
14. The Pacific Ocean 15. Biosphere

16. MATCH THE COLUMN:

A B
a) The largest continent (i) Australia (c)
b) The equator runs almost through the middle (ii) Asia (a)
c) The smallest continent (iii) Africa (b)

G. EXTRA BASED QUESTIONS: Try yourself.

MAP SKILLS : Try yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES/PROJECTS: Try yourself.

L – 6 : INDIAN PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. Name the three major divisions of India.
Ans. The three major divisions of India are:
1. The Great Mountains of North
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau

Q2. Where is the southernmost point of India situated?

Ans. Indira Point is the southernmost point of India. It is situated in Nicobar Islands.

Q3. Name the parallel of latitude which divides India into two halves.
Ans. Tropic of Cancer divides India into two halves.

Q4. Name the longitude which serves as the Standard Meridian of India.
Ans. 82½o E longitude serves as the Standard Meridian of India.

Q5. Name the highest peak of Himalayas in Indian territory.

Ans. Kanchenjunga (Sikhim) is the highest peak of Himalaya in Indian territory.

Q6. Which is the highest peak in Peninsular India and in which state is it situated?
Ans. Anaimudi is the highest peak in Peninsular India . It is situated in Kerala.

Q7. Name the major units (hills and plateaus) constituting the Malwa Plateau.
Ans. Malwa pleateau is bounded by Aravalli range in the west and the Vindhya range in the South. In the
east, the Malwa plateau extends up to the Chhota Nagpur Plateau.

Q8. What is the name given to the southern part of the Western Coastal Plains?
Ans. The southern part of the Western Coastal Plains is known as Malabar Coast.

Q9. Which is the largest delta of the world?

Ans. Sunderban is the largest delta of the world.
Q10. Which part of the India’s mainland is the oldest?
Ans. The Peninsular Plateau is the oldest part of the India’s mainland.

B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. Describe the location of India in respect of Asia and Europe and highlight its significance.
Ans. India is situated in the South-East of Europe and in the Southern part of Asia at the head of the Indian
Ocean. This ocean is named after our country and India is the only country in the world after which an
ocean is named. This shows that even in the olden days, India was an important country in international
trade and commerce.

Q2. Give a brief account of the Great Plains of North India.

Ans. The Great Indian Plains lie to the south of the northern mountains. It stretches about 24,00 kilometers
from west to east. It is one of the largest stretches of alluvium in the world. This plain is a flat lowland
with an elevation of less than 300 meters above sea level. It is constituted by two large river basins i.e.
the Indus River Basin and the Ganga Brahmaputra Basin.

Q3. Give a brief description of the Peninsular Plateau region in India.

Ans. The Peninsular Plateau lies to the south of Northern Plains. It is made of ancient igneous and
metamorphic rocks. It covers half of the area of India. It is triangular in shape with a broad base in the
north and a narrow apex in the south. It is divided by the Narmada river into two parts - the Malwa
Plateau and the Deccan Plateau. It is the oldest part of Indian subcontinent.

Q4. Describe the major physical features of the Northern Mountains of India.
Ans. The major physical features of the Northern Mountains of India are as follow:
1) The Northern Mountains of India stretch from Kashmir in the west to Assam in the east.
2) These mountains are about 2400km long and 150 to 400 km wide.
3) Northern Mountains of India are made up of two ranges - the Karakoram and the Himalayas.
4) The Himalaya ranges has glaciers which give birth to the rivers like Ganga, Yamuna etc.
5) Many hill stations such as Dalhousie, Dharamsala, Shimla, Mussorie and Nainital lie in the Northern
Mountains.
6) The highest peaks like Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga also lie in Northern Mountains.

Q5. Write any four characteristics of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta.

Ans. The characteristics of Ganga Brahmaputra Delta are as follow :
1) It is the largest delta in the world.
2) It is the most fertile delta in the world.
3) It is famous for Sundari trees and habitat of Royal Bengal Tigers.
4) The lower part of the delta is marshy.
5) It covers an area of about 75000 square kilometers.

C. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN :
1. The Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats
THE EASTERN GHATS THE WESTERN GHATS
The eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau is called the The western edge of the Deccan Plateaue is called
Eastern Ghats. Western Ghats.
These are lower than Western Ghats. These are higher than Eastern Ghats.
The highest peak in these ghats is Mahendragiri. The highest peak in these ghats is Anaimudi.
No big rivers rise from these ghats. Many big rivers of Peninsular plateau rise from
these ghats.
2. The Eastern and The Western Coastal Plains of India
THE EASTERN COASTAL PLAINS THE WESTERN COASTAL PLAINS
The Eastern Coastal Plains lie between the Eastern The Western Coastal Plains lie between the
Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
The Eastern Coastal Plains are divided into two The Western Coastal Plains are divided into three
parts. parts.
A large number of lagoons are found along the Many fertile deltas are formed by the Mahanadi,
Kerala Coast. Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri.
The Eastern Coastal Plains are broader. The Western Coastal Plains are narrow.

3. The Mountains of Northern India and the Hills of Peninsular India

THE MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN INDIA THE HILLS OF PENINSULAR INDIA
The mountains of Himalayan region are young fold The mountains of Peninsular India are residual old
mountains. mountains.
Kanchenjunga is the highest peak of Northern Anai Mudi is the highest mountain peak in the
Mountains of India. Peninsular Plateau.
The average height of these mountains are around The average height of these hills are around 900
6000 metres. metres.

4. The Himachal and the Himadri

THE HIMACHAL THE HIMADRI
It lies in the central part of Himalayas. It lies in the northern most part of Himalayas.
The average height of Himachal is about 3700 The average height of the Himadri is 6000 meters
metres to 4500 metres above sea level. above sea level.
Many hill stations such as Dalhousie, Dharamshala, The World’s highest peak like Mt. Everst (8848m)
Nainital and Darjeeling belong to this region. in Nepal and India’s highest peak, Kanchenjunga
in Sikkim lie in this region.

D. CREATING, ANALYZING AND EVALUATION BASED QUESTIONS :

1. Which values are reflected by political and physiographic units of India?
Ans. India is characterized by the diversified physical features. All the features striking contrast in
structure, altitude, climate etc. Yet each region compliments the other and make the country richer. It
reflects the value of unity or oneness.

2. With reference to India, your motherland, answer the following questions:

(i) In which state do you live? Punjab
(ii) Under which physical division it comes? Northern Plains
(iii) Name any two rivers of your state. Satluj, Beas
(iv) Name any two mountain ranges in your state or near your state. Pir Panjal, Zaskar and
Dhola Dhar
(v) Name any one neighbouring country of India which is nearest to your state. Pakistan

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

E. MATCH THE COLUMN :

COLUMN A COLUMN B
(i) Latitude of India (a) 23½°N (iii)
(ii) Longitude of India (b) 82½ °E (iv)
(iii) Tropic of Cancer (c) 8°4’N and 37°6’N (i)
(iv) Standard Meridian of India (d) 68°7’E and 97°25’E (ii)
F. ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING IN CORRECT SEQUENCE :
1. States from north to south : Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka
2. Countries from west to east of India : Afghanistan, Nepal, Myanmar

G. CORRECT THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS :

1. The Standard Meridian divides India into almost two equal parts.
2. The Standard Meridian of India passes through Prayagraj (Allahabad).
3. Sri Lanka is separated from the mainland of India by the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar.

H. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. 8°4' N and 37°6’N 2. 68 °7' E and 97°25’E 3. More than 32 lakh sq. km
4. The Karakoram 5. The Himadri 6. The Himachal
7. The Malwa 8. Rajasthan

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES / PROJECTS : TRY YOURSELF.

MAP ACTIVITY :
1. MARK ALL THE STATES AND UTs OF INDIA IN MAP.

2. SHOW THE PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA IN MAP.

3. MARK THE NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES OF INDIA.

CIVICS
L – 3 : THE GOVERNMENT

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

Q1. What is government?

Ans. The government is one of the most important element of a country. It represents the will of the country,
implements it and runs the administration of the state.

Q2. What is dictatorship?

Ans. Dictatorship is an anti-thesis of democracy. It gives no right to people, tolerates neither opposition nor
criticism. All the powers are in the hands of a single individual or a small group of individuals.

Q3. Define monarchy.

Ans. Monarchy is a form of government in which the monarch (king / queen) has the power to make
decisions and run the government.

Q4. Mention any four key elements of democracy.

Ans. 1) Govt. gets all its powers from the people and is answerable to them.
2) Everybody is free to express his opinion.
3) There is no discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, colour, race etc.
4) In this system, powers are decentralized from top to bottom, so govt. at any level can’t become
arbitrary.

Q5. Mention any three organs of the government.

Ans. The three organs of government are Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.

Q6. Mention any two functions of the government.

Ans. Following are the major functions of the govt.:
1) It maintains law and order.
2) It is responsible for the social and economic security.
3) It protects the of life and property of people.
4) It provides transport and health facilities.

Q7. Define adult suffrage.

Ans. Adult suffrage defines the right to which is given to all people irrespective of their caste, creed, religion,
sex or economic status etc.

Q8. State different level of govt. prevailing in India.

Ans. In India, three levels of govt. prevailing in India are local, state and central.

Q9. What ensures political equality in a country?

Ans. Right to vote ensures political equality in a country.

B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

Q1. Define democracy. Explain any two elements of democracy.

Ans. Democracy is a form of govt. in which the ruling power lies in the hands of people. The two elements of
democracy are :
Equality : In democracy, every citizen is given equal status and there is no discrimination on the basis
of caste, religion, colour, race etc.
Liberty : In democracy, everybody is free to express his opinion, to have faith in any religion and
profess the same. Liberty leads to the overall development of citizens.

Q2. Why is there a need for universal adult franchise?

Ans. There is need for Universal Adult Franchise for the following reasons:
1. Universal Adult Franchise ensures political equality.
2. It is in harmony with the principle of the sovereignty of the people.
3. The right to vote stimulates interest in public affairs.
4. The right to vote increases the self respect of the voters.
5. The right to vote provides an opportunity to minorities to safeguard their rights.

Q3. How do people participate in the political affairs of a country in a democracy?.

Ans. 1. They can directly approach through their representatives.
2. They can organize protest marches.
3. They approach to courts if they feel in-justice has been done by the government.
4. They may organise rallies, signature campaigns.
5. They can approach to President or the Prime minister with their grievance through petitions .

Q4. What are the main functions of the government?

Ans. Major functions of the government are :
1. Protection of the life and property
2. Defence from foreign aggression
3. Maintaining law and order
4. Establishing diplomatic relations with other countries
5. Administration of justice
Q5. Write the difference between Democratic government and Dictatorship.
Ans.
S.No. DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT DICTATORSHIP
1. In democracy, powers are in the hands of Under dictatorship, all the powers are in the
the people. hands of a single individual or a small group
of individuals.
2. The main aim of the democratic government The main aim of the dictator is welfare of the
is welfare of the people. individual or the group.
3. In democracy, people have the political Under dictatorship, no political rights are
rights. given to the people.
4. In democracy, people have the right to In dictatorship, opposition of any type is not
oppose unlawful decisions of the tolerated.
government.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

C. FILL IN THE BLANKS ;

1. Democracy, Dictatorship 2. The legislature 3.executive
4. 18 5. Constitutional Assembly

D. ASSERTION AND REASONING BASED QUESTIONS :

6. Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A.
7. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

E. MATCH THE COLUMNS:

A B
1) Democracy (a) United Kingdom (2)
2) Monarchy (b) To implement laws (5)
3) Legislature (c) Ruling power in the hands of people (1)
4) Judiciary (d) To make laws (3)
5) Executive (e) To enforce laws (4)

F. CREATING, ANALYSING AND EVALUATION BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

G. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS: Try yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES / PROJECTS : Try yourself.

L – 4 : PANCHAYATI RAJ IN RURAL AREAS

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. What is the local government in a village called ?
Ans. The local government in a village is called Panchayati Raj.
Q2. Name the three important wings of a Village Panchayat.
Ans. 1. The Gram Sabha
2. The Gram Panchayat
3. The Nyaya Panchayat
Q3. Who is the member of the Gram Sabha?
Ans. Every village has a Gram sabha. Every adult, male and female of that village, who is 18 years of age or
above, is а member of the Gram Sabha.

Q4. Who elects the Gram Panchayat?

Ans. The Gram Sabha elects the members of the Gram Panchayat.

Q5. Who conducts the elections of a Village Panchayat ?

Ans. State Election Commission conducts the elections of a Village Pauchayat.

Q6. Name two main sources of income of the Village Panchayat.

Ans. Following are the sources of income of the Village Panchayat:
1. Taxes on houses and shops.
2. Taxes on fairs and markets.
3. Income from the sale of public property.
4. Govt. grants

Q7. Who elects the member of Nyaya Panchayat?

Ans. The village Panchayat elects the members of Nyaya Panchayat.

Q8. Mention two types of functions of a Village Panchayat.

Ans. The two types of functions of the Village Panchayat are :
1. Essential or compulsory functions
2. Optional or voluntary functions

Q9. Arrange the following as per their level :

(i) Zila Parishad (ii) Gram Panchayat (iii) Panchayat Samiti
Ans. (i) Gram Panchayat (ii) Panchayat Samiti (iii) Zila Parishad

Q10. State the main objective behind the Panchayati Raj System.
Ans. Panchayati Raj System helped to establish democracy at the grassroot level and brought general and
political awareness in the rural areas.

B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. What is Nyaya Panchayat? Discuss its powers and working.
Ans. The Nyaya Panchayat is the third wing of the Village Panchayat. Generally there is one Nyaya
Panchayat for three to four villages. The Village Panchayat elects the members of the Nyaya Panchayat.
Powers and working of Nyaya Panchayat:
The Nyaya Panchayat is given the authority to perform certain judicial functions. It deals with minor
cases of trespass, thefts and other petty crimes. For small disputes, no lawyers are needed only Nyaya
Panchayat settled them quickly.

Q2. Discuss briefly the functions of a Village Panchayat.

Ans. The following are the functions of a Village Panchayat.
1. Construction and repair of village roads and water ways
2. Planting of trees
3. Keeping a record of births and deaths
4. Provision of clean drinking water
5. Supply of goods seeds and fertilizers
6. Maintenance of public places
7. Sanitation and public health

Q3. How is a Village Panchayat formed?

Ans. A Gram Panchayat is a small committee of 7-30 members. They are elected by the Gram Sabha. Seats
are reserved for SC, ST on the ratio of population in the village. 1/3 seats are reserved for women. The
head of the Panchayat is called Sarpanch/ Mukhiya. The Panchayat secretary is a paid officer who
maintains records and registers of the work done by the Panchayat.

Q4. What is the significance of a Village Panchayat.

Ans. 1) It spreads about general and political awareness in the rural masses.
2) It helps to establish democracy at the grassroot level.
3) It brings the govt. and the people closer to each other.
4) People become partners in decision making at the local level.
5) It helps in improving the general conditions of people through the welfare activities.

Q5. Write a short note on the Panchayat Secretary.

Ans. The Panchayat Secretary is a paid officer of the Panchayat. He maintains records and registers of the
work done by the Panchayat. He also prepares its accounts. He is appointed by the District Magistrate
or the Deputy Commissioner. He is elected by the state government. He supervises the work of the
Village Panchayat.

C. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS:

1. What is the tenure of the village sarpanch? 5 years
2. Do you think a male member could have contested the No, because the seats were
sarpanch's election in the village Soda? Give reason. reserved for women.
3. How the woman Sarpanch of the Soda village plans to By improving the literacy
transfer her village into a modern village? rate
4. What moral values you have learnt from the above- Women empowerment,
mentioned newspaper report? equality, justice and
importance of education

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

D. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. five 2. Mahatma Gandhi 3. 73rd 4. Panchayat Secretary
5. Panchayati Raj 6. 7, 30

E. STATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE ‘TRUE’ OR

‘FALSE’. ALSO CORRECT THE FALSE STATEMENT:
7. False : Seats are reserved for SC, ST and women.
8. False : In Bihar the president of the panchayat is called Mukhiya and in Punjab he is called
Sarpanch.
9. False : A Nyaya Panchayat deals with minor cases.
10. True
11. False : The Gram Panchayat consists of 7 to 30 members who are elected.
12. False : Panchs do not get any salary.
F. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
13. Panchayati Raj 14. Three 15. Panchayat Secretary
16. State 17. The State Election Commission

G. MATCH THE FOLLOWING COLUMNS :

A B
1) Nyaya Panchayat is a paid official. (5)

2) The President of the Panchayat elects the members of the Panchayat. (3)
3) Gram Sabha elects members of the Nyaya Panchyat. (4)

4) Gram Panchayat deals with minor cases of trespass, theft and other
petty crimes. (1)
5) The Secretary of the Gram Panchayat is called Sarpanch. (2)

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES / PROJECTS : Try yourself.

L – 5 : LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT (URBAN)

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. Which are the local bodies in urban areas?
Ans. Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Committees and the Municipal Corporations are the main bodies in urban
areas.

Q2. What quota is reserved for women in the Municipal Committee?

Ans. 1/3 of the total seats (including those for S.C/S.T. women) are reserved for women.

Q3. State any one function of a Mayor.

Ans. He presides over the meetings of the corporation. He looks after the work of corporation with the help of
the officials. He is also called Mahapaur.

Q4. Write any one compulsory function of Municipality.

Ans. The compulsory function of Municipality is to take care of public health and sanitation.

Q5. State any one function of the Head of the District Administration.
Ans. The head of the District Administration is called District Collector. He is responsible for maintaining
peace, law and order in the district.

Q6. Which is the smallest unit of the urban population.

Ans. Nagar Pnachayat is the smallest unit of the urban population.
B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
Q1. Mention two main points that distinguish a Municipal Corporation and a Municipal Committee.
Ans.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE
It is the local self govt. of big cities with a It is the local self govt. of a town with a
population of more than one million. population between 20,000 to 1,00,000.
The head of the Municipal Corporation is known The head of the Municipal Committee is
as Mayor. known as President.

Q2. What does an Urban Local Government do for public safety?

Ans: It provides public safety against fire and shabby buildings. For this, it maintains fire engines and a
trained staff to save life and property of the people against fire, or against a building likely to fall.

Q3. How does the State Government control the local bodies?
Ans: These bodies are created by law of the State govt. State govt. keeps a check on its finance and gets their
accounts audited regularly . There is a minister for local self government in most of the states. He keeps
a control on the local bodies in the state.. The State govt. gives permission to levy a new tax or to raise a
loan. If the work of a municipality or a corporation is found unsatisfactory, the State government can
dissolve it.

Q4. What does the local government in a town do for public health and sanitation.
Ans. 1) It adopts preventive and curative measures for the good health of the people.
2) It provides vaccination for children at an early age against smallpox polio, tuberculosis, cholera,
diphtheria, tetanus, whopping, cough etc.
3) It sets up hospitals and dispensaries under qualified doctors in different localities.
4) It takes care of cleaning of drains and streets, removal of rubbish and garbage.
5) It provides maintenance of sewage system.

Q5. Describe the sources of income of urban local government.

Ans. The following are the sources of income of urban local govt.:
1) Octroi duty on goods brought into the city
2) Property tax and toll tax on use of roads and bridges
3) Income from water and electricity supply
4) Tax on vehicles, parking places, markets and hawkers
5) Grants from the State government
6) Entertainment tax

Q6. What are the major functions of Corporation and Municipality?

Ans. The major functions of corporation and Municipality are as under :-
1) It takes care of public health and sanitation.
2) It provides public services like water, electricity etc.
3) It provides public education and establish primary schools, libraries, museums etc.
4) It provides public safety.

Q7. What are the major functions of District Magistrate.

Ans. The major functions of District Magistrate are as under:
1) He is responsible for maintaining peace, law and order in the district..
2) He looks after the administration of jails.
3) He is responsible for maintaining land record and collect revenue from farmers.
4) He is responsible to provide various kinds of amenities and services to the people in district.
5) He is responsible for carry out development plans as sent to him by central or state govt.

C. CREATIVE, ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION BASED QUESTIONS:

Q1. Why some seats have been reserved for weaker section and women in the local bodies?
Ans. For equality or to treat everyone equally irrespective of gender and caste.

Q2. Why is section 144 imposed?

Ans. In case, there is a threat to peace in the city, the section 144 can be imposed by the D.C.

Q3. What is FIR? To whom one should approach to launch an FIR?

Ans. First Information Report is a written complaint prepared by police when they receive information
about an offence. One can approach to S.H.O. for this.

Q4. Who is responsible for maintaining law and order in a district?

Ans. Deputy commissioner is responsible for maintaining law and order in a district.

Q5. What is SMART CITY Plan?

Ans. It is a program launched by the central govt. of India. Its mission is to develop 100 cities across
the country with all modern sustainable facilities.

Q6. What is Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?

Ans. It is a county wide campaign launched by the govt. of India on 2 nd October 2014 to eliminate open
defecation and supervise solid waste management.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

D. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. towns 2. 21 3. Mayor and Deputy Mayor 4. State
5. criminal, civil

E. STATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE ‘TRUE’ OR ‘FALSE’. ALSO

CORRECCT THE FALSE STATEMENTS :
6. False : Only the citizen of the town can vote in election to the local bodies.
7. False : Local Self Government works under the State Government.
8. False : India has 28 states.
9. True
10. False : The local bodies provide bus service.

F. MATCH THE COLUMN A WITH COLUMN B SUITABLY;

A B
1) A Municipal Committee is established in areas of military set-up. (5)
2) A Municipal Corporation is established in port areas. (6)
3) A Nagar Panchayat is established in towns with more than 12,000 people. (3)
4) A Head of district administration small town (1)
5) A Cantonment Board is established in metropolitan cities. (2)
6) A Port trust Deputy Commissioner.(4)

G. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES /PROJECTS : Try yourself.
HISTORY
L – 7 : KINGDOM TO EMPIRE – RISE OF MAURYANS
A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. When did Alexander invade India?
Ans. Alexander invaded India in 326 BC.

Q2. Who was the last ruler of Magadha from the Nanda Dynasty?
Ans. Dhanananda was the last ruler of Magadha from the Nanda Dynasty.

Q3. Name the two main source books on Mauryan history.

Ans. Arthashastra by Chanakya and Indika by Megasthenese are the two main source books on Mauryan
history.

Q4. Name the most important personality in the court of Chandragupta. What were his other two
names?
Ans. Chanakya was the most important personality in the court of Chandragupta. He was also known as
Kautilya. His real name was Vishnugupta.

Q5. Give two reasons for the success of Chandragupta.

Ans. Weak and inefficient administration of Nandas and invasion of Alexander were the two reasons for the
success of Chandragupta.

Q6. Who was Megasthenese?

Ans. Megasthenese was the Greek ambassador of Seleucus in the court of Chandragupta Maurya for five
years. He wrote a book called Indika.

Q7. Mention any three principles of Ashoka’s Dhamma.

Ans. The three principles of Ashoka’s Dhamma were:
1) People should follow ahimsa i.e. non- injury to all living creatures.
2) People should live in peace and should not fight over land and religion.
3) Children must obey their parents and show them respect.

Q8. Give any two steps Ashoka adopted to spread his Dhamma.
Ans. 1. Ashoka visited all places connected with the Buddha and gave liberal grants for development.
2. He ordered construction of suitable monuments in honour of the Buddha.
3. He constructed monasteries at places where Buddhist monks and nuns could reside.

Q9. When and where did Ashoka call the 3rdcouncil of the Buddhist?
Ans. Ashoka called the 3rd council of the Buddhist at Pataliputra in 252 B.C.

Q10. What was the effect of Kalinga war on Ashoka?

Ans. Ashoka vowed never to make a war again. He decided to devote the rest of his life to spread of Dharma.
B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. Who was Chanakya? What was his contribution in the success of Chandragupta?
Ans. Chanakya was the chief guide and adviser of Chandragupta. He was his minister. He advised
Chandragupta to gather a small army. Under his advice and guidance, Chandragupta defeated the Greek
governors and conquered the whole Punjab. After that, he invaded Magadha. Chanakya played a vital
role in the establishment of Mauryan empire,

Q2. Write a brief note on the administrative system of the Mauryans.

Ans. The Empire was divided into four provinces. The King was the most important person in the
administration. The head of the each provincial administration was the Kumara who governed the
province as King’s representative. The Kumara was assisted by Mahamatya and council of ministers. In
short, the whole empire was controlled by the Emperor and his Mantriparishad.

Q3. Discuss Ashoka's services to Buddhism.

Ans. Ashoka’s service to Buddhism are as follow:
1. Ashoka visited all places connected with the Buddha and gave liberal grants for development.
2. He constructed monasteries at places where Buddhist monks and nuns could reside.
3. He constructed as many as 84000 stupas.
4. He convened the 3rd Buddhist Council at Pataliputra in 252 B.C. to resolve differences in Buddhism.
5. He sent preachers to spread the message of Buddha to foreign lands like Nepal, Tibet, China, and
Japan.
6. He sent his own son, Mahendra and daughter, Sanghamitra, to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism there.

Q4. What is the Sarnath pillar? Discuss its significance.

Ans. The Sarnath pillar is one of the most impressive pillars that were made by Ashoka. It is 23 metres high.
It has four lions carved at the top, seated with their back to each other. This design is now used as our
National Emblem. Ashoka’s Dhamma Chakra is adopted in the National Flag.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

C. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Dhanananda 2. Seleucus, Chandragupta 3. 322 4. Dhamma Chakra
5. Mahendra, Sanghamitra, Sri Lanka

D. STATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE 'TRUE' OR 'FALSE'.

ALSO CORRECT THE FALSE STATEMENTS :
6. True
7. False : Kautilya was the other name of Chankya.
8. False : Indika was written by Magasthenese.
9. False : Bindusara assumed the title of Amitraghata.
10. False : Ashoka was in favour of Buddhism.
11. False : Ashoka's edicts are written in Prakrit.
12. False : Pataliputra was the capital of Ashoka.

E. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

13. Macedonia 14. Chandragupta Maurya 15. Megathenese
16. Pali 17. The Lion Capital at Sarnath 18. Chanakya
19. Odisha 20. Prakrit 21. Priyadarshi
22. XIII
23. ASSERTION AND REASONING BASED QUESTIONS :
Ans. Both (A) and (B) are true and R is the correct explanation of (A).

24. MATCH THE COLUMN:

A B
i) Alexander a) Arthashastra (2)
ii) Chanakya b) Kalinga War (3)
iii) Ashoka c) King of Macedonia (1)

F. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT AND ACTIVITIES / PROJECTS : Try yourself.

MAP ACTIVITY : MARK THE EXTENT OF MAURYAN EMPIRE IN INDIAN MAP.

L – 8 : VILLAGES, TOWNS AND TRADES

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. What was man’s major achievement during vedic age ?
Ans. Man’s major achievement during vedic age was discovery of iron.

Q2. Define vellalars.

Ans. Large land owners of Tamil region were known as Vellalars.
Q3. Define Uzahavars.
Ans. They were the ordinary cultivators or common peasants who worked on their small farms or for the
Vellalars.

Q4. Define Kadaisiyars.

Ans. They were the landless people of the south India who used to work for uzahavars and vellalars.

Q5. How were the Grahapatis different from Grama Bhojaka?

Ans. Grama Bhojakas were the largest landowner and headman of the village in the northern part of the
country whereas Grihapatis were independent farmers. Most of them were small land owners.

Q6. What are ‘Jatakas’?

Ans. A massive collection of stories among the earliest Buddhist literature is called Jatakas. These are
preserved by the Buddhist monks and are an important source of history.

Q7. Who was Fa-hein?

Ans. Fa-hien was a Chinese pilgrim who visited India in 405AD during the reign of Chandragupta –II.

Q8. Who wrote Indika?

Ans. Megathenese wrote Indika.

Q9. What are 'Punch-Marked' coins?

Ans. Punch Marked coins were the earliest coins which came into use between 7 th – 6th century BC. They
were made up of silver and copper.

Q10. Where is Mathura located?

Ans. Mathura is located in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Q11. Mention any one feature of Mathura School of Art.

Ans. The creation of the images of the Buddha was a conspicuous feature of Mathura School of Art.

Q12. What were shrenis?

Ans. Associations of craft persons and merchants were called shrenis.

Q13. Mention the importance of Arikamedu as a historical town.

Ans. Arikamedu was a port town inhabited by Romans, Cholas and French who left their mark on this
wonderful place. It was an important port town from trade point of view.

Q14. Name any two items of export of Arikamedu people.

Ans. Textile, beads, semi precious gems, glass and shell bangles were the items of export of Arikamedu
people.

B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. Analysis the impact of iron and irrigation on the growth of agriculture.
Ans. The use of iron brought many changes in the agriculture. The iron tools like axes and plough were used
for clearing forests and ploughing the fields. Irrigation helped in the diversification of agriculture.

Q2. Explain the composition of village society of southern India during ancient period.
Ans. In southern India, the village society was divided into three groups.
1) Vellalar: Large landowners of the region were known as vellalar. Vellalar had close relation with
different royal dynasities.
2) Uzahavar- They were ordinary and common peasants who worked on small farms or for the
vellalars.
3) Kadaisiyar- They were the landless people of south India who used to work for Uzahavars and
vellalars.

Q3. What is the composition of village society of northern India during ancient period.
Ans. In northern India, Grama bhojaka was the village headman and largest land owner of the village. His
post was heridatry. He hired workers and slaves to cultivate the land. He also functioned as a judge and
sometimes as a policeman. Apart from Grambhojakas, there were independent farmers known as
grihapatis. They had small land. The people who didn’t have their own land were known as dasa
karmakara. In most villages, there were some craft persons such as blacksmith, potter, carpenter, weaver
etc.

Q4. What are the major sources available and what kind of information they reveal about the rural
life of ancient India.
Ans. The major sources to reveal about the rural life of ancient India are Jatakas, sculptures, wall and ceilings.
They reveal information about the occupational structure, trade and socio – economic life of the people
of ancient India.

Q5. Mention the major features of Northern Black Polished Ware.

Ans. The major features of Northern Black Polished Ware are:-
1) It is usually black and has fine sheen.
2) It is made of well- levigated clay with little tempering material
3) It has a lustrous surface.

Q6. ‘People of Arikamedu had trade relations with other countries’. Justify.
Ans. Arikamedu was a coastal settlement where ships unloaded goods from distant lands. This port town was
inhabited by Roman, Cholas and French, who left their mark on this wonderful place. An ancient Chola
coin dating back to 1 B.C. suggests the involvement of Cholas in various port related activities. Roman
lamps, glassware and gems have also been found at the site. Pottery from Mediterranean region, stamped
red glazed pottery, known as Arretine Ware also found here. These evidences shows that people of
Arikamedu had trade relations with other countries.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

C. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Tamil 2. Gram bhojakas 3. Buddhist 4. Chandragupta-II
5. Chanakya

D. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

6. Uttar praesh 7. Kushanas 8. Megasthenese 9. Fa-hien
10. Pottery 11. Madurai and Varanasi 12. merchants 13. Pudducherry
14. The Romans, Cholas and the French 15. Pottery of the Mediterranean region
16. Fishing Colony 17. Grama bhojaka
18. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

E. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try Yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT AND ACTIVITIES / PROJECTS : Try yourself.

L – 9 : TRADERS,KINGS AND PILGRIMS

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. Which item of export was known as black gold? Give reason.
Ans. Peeper was known as black gold because it was particularly valued in the Roman Empire.

Q2. There was a flourishing trade between the Romans and the South Indian people. Give one
evidence for the same.
Ans. Many Roman gold coins have been found in South India. It shows that there was a flourishing trade
between the Romans and the South Indian people.

Q3. What is Sangam Literature?

Ans. It is a body of classical Tamil literature created between the 3 rd Century BC to 3rd century AD. This
collection contains 2381 poems composed by 473 poets.

Q4. Name the three most important kings of South India.

Ans. Putlakesin I, Vikramaditya I and Dantidurga were the most important kings of South India.

Q5. What was Silk Route?

Ans. Techniques of making silk were invented in China around 7000 years ago. Some people from China who
went to distant lands on foot, horseback and on camels, carried silk with them. The paths they followed
to carry silk from China, came to be known as the Silk Routes.

Q6. Why some of the kings tried to control the Silk Route?
Ans. Some of the kings tried to control the silk route because they could benefit from taxes, tributes and gifts
that were brought by traders travelling along the route.

Q7. Who wrote Buddhacharita?

Ans. Ashvagosha wrote Buddhacharita.

Q8. Mention the two sects of Buddhism.

Ans. The two sects of Buddhism were Mahayana and Hinayana.

Q9. Name any two pilgrims who travelled in India.

Ans. Fahein and Hieun-Tsang were two pilgrims who travelled in India.

Q10. Name any four Bhakti reformers.

Ans. Ramananda, Kabir, Namdeva, Chaitanya Mahaprabhhu and Mirabai were some of the Bhakti reformers.

Q11. Who was alvars?

Ans. The alvars were Vaishnava poet - saints who wandered from temple to temple singing the praises of
Vishnu.

Q12. Name any two vernacular languages which emerged in Bhakti movement.
Ans. Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi and Punjabi emerged in Bhakti Movement.
B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. What were the sources of the revenue for the kingdoms of the South and how these sources were
used?
Ans. The kings of the South did not collect regular taxes. They demanded and received gifts from the
common people. They also went on military expeditions and collected tribute from neighbouring areas.
Part of the revenue was kept for the king and the rest was used for the public works such as roads, tanks,
salaries, navy and temples. The kings often rewarded poets and architects with precious stones, gold,
horses etc.

Q2. Explain the role of king Kanishka in the spread of Buddhism.

Ans. Kanishka was the famous king of Kushana dynasty. Kanishka became a follower and parton of the
Mahayana sect. He called the 4th Buddhist Council of Kundalvana in Kashmir. He gave liberal grants for
the construction of monasteries, stupas and other monuments. He also sent missionaries to Central Asia
and China to spread Mahayana Buddhism.

Q3. How Mahayana Buddhism sect was different from Hinyana?

Ans.
HIMAYANA MAHAYANA
This sect considered Buddha as a pious man. This sect considered Buddha as God.
This sect was against idol worship. This sect was in favour of idol worship.
This sect used Pali language to educate the people. This sect used Sanskrit to educate the people.

Q4. The travel records are important historical resources. Explain.

Ans. The travel records are important historical resources for the several reasons:
1) They contain vital information about the social and political conditions of different kingdoms.
2) They provide the accounts of Buddhist’s doctrines, rituals and monastic institutions in south, central
and southeast Asia.
3) They offer remarkable insights into cross cultural perceptions and interactions.

Q5. Mention any four features of the Bhakti Movement.

Ans. The four features of the Bhakti Movement are:-
1. This movement abolished the concept of Idol-worship.
2. They stressed on the existence of one God.
3. They believed in the fact that the true knowledge can be achieved only through selfless devotion and
worship of the Supreme Power.
4. The significance of the Bhakti Movement was that it could be accessed by anyone.

Q6. The Bhakti Movement had far reaching effects on the people. Explain
Ans. The bhakti movement had following effects on the people:-
1) It helped a lot in removing the existing bitterness based on caste, colour and religion.
2) The Bhaktas exposed the hollowness of empty rituals and ceremonies. They taught the people to give
up evils like believe in superstitions.
3) The Bhakti reformers preached in the common language of the people.
4) Many rites and rituals associated with the worship of God like Kirtan, Qawaali and singing of
Gurbani are derived from the Bhakti Movement.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

C. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Satavahnas 2. silk worms 3. 3rd centuary BC , 3rd centuary AD
4. Poet 5. Harshavardhana
D. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
6. China 7. Khushans 8. Kanishka 9. Kanishka
10. Mahayana 11. Mahayana 12. Gandhara School of Art 13. Both (i) and (ii)
14. (iii), (ii) , (i)

E. MATCH THE FOLLOWING COLUMNS :

A B
1. Sangam Literature Gandhara School of Art (3)
2. Silk route Bhakti Saint (4)
3. Taxila Chinese Traveller (5)
4. Adi Shankaracharya Tamil Nadu (1)
5. Fa-hien China (2)

F. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT AND ACTIVITIES / PROJECTS : Try yourself.

L – 10 : RISE OF NEW EMPIRES AND KINGDOMS

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. What do you mean by Prashastis?
Ans. Prashastis is a special kind of inscription. It is made on stones and pillars in the praise of different kings.

Q2. Who is known as the Napoleon of India?

Ans. Samundragupta is known as the Napoleon of India.

Q3. Who was Harisena?

Ans. Harisena was an important poet of Samudragupta’s court.

Q4. Who wrote Harsh charita?

Ans. Banabhatta wrote Harsh charita.

Q5. Mention the names of educational institutions which were given grant by Harsha.
Ans. Harsha granted many educational institutions like Nalanda, Kashi, Vallabhi and Vikramshila.

Q6. Name any two dynasties of South India which became prominent and powerful during the 6 th and
8th Century.
Ans. The Chalukyas and the Pallavas were the two dynasties of South India that became prominent and
powerful during the 6th and 8th century.

Q7. Who was nagarashreshthi?

Ans. Nagarashreshthi was the chief banker or merchant of the city.

Q8. What was Ur?

Ans. Ur was a village assembly where land owners were not Brahmins.
Q9. Mention any two functions of the village assemblies.
Ans. The village assemblies were responsible for collecting taxes, hearing disputes and looking after local
problems.

Q10. Name any two languages which prevalent in India during the ancient period.
Ans. Sanskrit and Prakrit were prevalent in India during the ancient period.

Q11. What was the theme of following books

Ans. (a) Kadambri:- It throws light on the life and belief of ordinary people.
(b) Abhijnana Shakuntalam:- It depicts the love story of King Dushayanta and a young woman
named Shakuntla.

Q12. “The king travelled with an enormous amount of equipment. Apart from weapons, there were
things of daily use such as pots, pans, furniture etc.” “This huge army was accompanied by
musicians beating drums and others playing horns and trumpets” Identify the book and name the
author.
Ans. These lines are from Harsha charita written by Banabhatta.

B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. Explain the stone pillar of Allahabad as the source of history.
Ans. The stone pillar of Allahabad is an important source of history because of the following reasons:-
1) The inscriptions engraved on one of the stone pillar at Allahabad tells about Samudragupta. These
were composed by Harisena. These give us details of his conquests.
2) It indicates the different kings which populated India in the first half of the fourth century AD.

Q2. Explain Harsh charita as the source of history.

Ans. Harsh charita is the biography of King Harshvardhana written by Banabhatta. It reveals information
about the life of the king, his character, his reign ,the pilgrims who visited his court etc. Through this
books, we came to know about the social and political scenario of the society.

Q3. How the earlier kingdoms were administered?

Ans. The earlier kingdoms were administered by the king. He was assisted by council of ministers and high
officials. Sometimes, one person held many offices. For example, Harishena was maha-danda-nayaka
(Chief Judicial officer) as well as kumar amatya (an important minister). He was also a Sandhi vigrahika
means minister of war and peace. At the local and village level, many officers were appointed e.g.
nagarashreshthi (chief banker or merchant), the sarthavaha (leader of the merchant caravans) and
prathama kulika (chief crafts man) etc.

Q4. Write a short note on the army of the ancient kingdoms.

Ans. Kings maintained a well organized army of foot soldiers, archers, horsemen, elephants and chariots etc.
Besides, the kings were also supported by some military leaders who provided troops whenever the king
needed. These leaders were known as Samantas. They were not paid regular salaries. Some of them
received grant of land. They collected revenue from the land to maintain the soldiers and war
equipments.

Q5. Mention any four features of the life of ordinary people during the ancient period under the
various kingdoms.
Ans. The features of the life of ordinary people during the ancient period were:-
1) Ordinary men and women spoke prakrit language whereas Kings and Brahmin spoke Sanskrit
language.
2) The houses of the people stand apart and each family has a pagoda reared in front of its door.
3) Some people made monasteries for monks and provided with whatever else they require.
4) The untouchable were not treated well.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

C. FILL IN THE BLANKS :

1. Sanskrit, in praise of 2. Aihole 3. Nagaram 4.Samantas
5. Karnataka.

D. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

6. Allahabad 7. South India 8. Chalukayan
9. Jainism 10. Rashtrakutas and Chola 11. Kalidasa
12. Samantas

E. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

SUBJECT- ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES/PROJECTS: : Try yourself.

MAP ACTIVITY : MARK THE IMPORTANT TOWNS AND CITIES IN MAP.

L – 11 : ARCHITECTURE ART AND BOOKS
A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. For which historical evidence Mehrauli is famous for?
Ans. Mehrauli is famous for Iron pillar which is the remarkable example of skill of Indian craft persons.

Q2. Mention any two features of the Iron pillar at Mahrauli.

Ans. 1) Iron pillar is made up of 98% pure wrought iron.
2) It is 7 metres high and weighting more than six tons.

Q3. What is a Stupa?

Ans. Stupa means mound. Stupas are large hemispherical domes, containing a central chamber in which the
relics of Buddha were placed.

Q4. Name any two towns of India which are famous for stupas.
Ans. Bhopal and Amaravati are famous for stupas.

Q5. How has the Buddha been shown on the railing and gates of Sanchi stupa?
Ans. Buddha has been symbolically represented by footprints, wheels, thrones etc. rather than by his own
image. He has been shown in the form of tree or through other inanimate figures.

Q6. What do you mean by grabhagriha?

Ans. Grabhagriha is an important place in temple, where the image of the chief deity was placed and priests
performed religious rituals.

Q7. Mention any two features of Bhitargaon Temple.

Ans. 1) It is made of bricks and has a pyramidical roof.
2) Its outer walls are decorated with statues and figures.
3) The Shiva linga is shown in grabhagriha.

Q8. Who built the Brihadishwara temple?

Ans. Brihadishwara temple was built by the Chola king, Rajaraja - I

Q9. Who composed Silappatikaram?

Ans. Silappatikaram was composed by a poet, Ilango.

Q10. Who wrote Meghaduta?

Ans. Kalidasa wrote Meghaduta.

Q11. Name the two most important Sanskrit Epics of ancient India.
Ans. Mahabharata and Ramayana are the two most important Sanskrit epics of ancient India.

Q12. Who compiled Mahabharata?

Ans. Ved Vyasa compiled Mahabharata.

Q13. With which basic idea the Panchtatra was written?

Ans. Panchtatra was written with the idea of teaching moral values to the children and princes.

Q14. Who was Aryabhatta?

Ans. Aryabhatta was a great mathematician and astronomer. He was the first Indian astronomer who declared
that the earth is a sphere and revolves around the sun.
B. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
Q1. Mention any four features of a stupa.
Ans. 1) The most prominent features of a stupa is its hemispherical structure.
2) Harmika is a square structure that sets on the top of the dome.
3) The stupa has four gateways, one on each side of the structure.
4) There is a small box placed at the centre of the stupa. It may contain bodily remains of Buddha or his
followers.

Q2. Write a short note on Sanchi stupa.

Ans. Sanchi stupa is located at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. It is surrounded by a railing with four carved
gateways facing all the four directions. The railings and gates are richly sculptured with different motifs
and designs. The most interesting thing about Sanchi stupa is that Lord Buddha has been symbolically
represented by footprints, wheels, thrones etc. rather than his own image.

Q3. With reference to the Brihadishwara temple, explain the following:-

Ans. 1)The Vimana- The vimana or the temple tower is 216 ft high. The most important feature of this
temple is that its shadow does not fall on the ground.
2)The Shikhara- It is a spire like structure at the top of the temple. It is made of monolithic granite
weighing 81.25 tons.
3)The statue of Nandi- A big statue of Nandi is placed at the entrance of the temple. It is 16 feet long
and 13 feet high. It is carved out of a single rock.

Q4. Write a short note on Puranas.

Ans. Purana literally means old. The Puranas contain the stories about gods and goddess such as Vishnu,
Shiva, Durga and Parvati. They contain details on how they were to be worshipped. The Puranas were
written in Sanskrit verse. They were meant to heard by women and shudras who were not allowed to
study the vedas.

Q5. Mention any four features of Ajanta paintings.

Ans. 1) The Ajanta paintings are considered to be master pieces of Buddhist religion.
2) These paintings depict scenes from Jataka tales and the life of Lord Buddha.
3) These were built by Mahayana sect of Buddhism.
4) These paintings were made of vegetable colours.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

C. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Chandragupta II 2. Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 3. Tamil
4. old 5. Vishnu Sharma

D. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

6. Buddha 7. Andhra Pradesh 8. Madhya Pradesh
9. Madhya Pradesh 10. Maharashtra 11. Mathematician and Astronomer
12. Harmika 13. Lord Vishnu

E. EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS : Try yourself.

QUESTIONS BASED ON SKILL- Try yourself.

SUBJECT ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY/PROJECTS : Try yourself.