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6 Gr.10 Answers Remote learning workbook Term 2
Life Sciences (Hoërskool Hercules)
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LIFE SCIENCES
GRADE 10
ANSWERS FOR THE
REMOTE LEARNING WORKBOOK
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TERM 2
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Week Topic Page
1 History of life on Earth: Life’s history, The three eras &
Geological timescales 4
2 History of life on Earth: Cambrian explosion 6
3 History of life on Earth: Mass extinctions 7
4 History of life on Earth: Fossil formation and methods of
dating 9
5 The chemistry of life: Molecules for life: Organic molecules
and Minerals 11
6 The chemistry of life: Organic compounds (Carbohydrates
& Lipids) 12
7 The chemistry of life: Organic compounds (Proteins,
Enzymes, Nucleic acids & Vitamins 14
8 Cells: The basic unit of life: (Cell wall, cell membrane,
nucleus & cytoplasm) 16
9 Cells: The basic unit of life: (Mitochondria, Ribosome,
Endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi-body) 17
10 Cells: The basic unit of life: (Plastids, Vacuoles &
difference between plant and animal cells) 18
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WEEK 1: TOPIC: History of life on earth
SUB-TOPIC: Life’s history, The three eras & Geological timescales
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1 A ✓✓
1.2 C ✓✓
1.3 C ✓✓
1.4 D ✓✓ (8)
QUESTION 2
2.1 Continental Drift ✓✓
2.2 Dinosaurs ✓✓
2.3 Archaeopteryx ✓✓ (6)
QUESTION 3
3.1 B only ✓✓
3.2 B only ✓✓
3.3 A only ✓✓ (6)
QUESTION 4
4.1 (i) E ✓ (1)
(ii) A✓ (1)
(iii) D✓ (1)
(iv) C ✓ (1)
4.2 Proterozoic ✓ (1)
4.3 2 ✓ All multicellular life is eukaryotic, ✓ so eukaryotes would have
to had evolved before ✓ multicellular life did approximately 1 000
mya. (3)
4.4 (i) Cambrian explosion / accept BIOLOGICAL Big Bang ✓
A large diversity ✓ of life forms appeared in a relatively short ✓
period of time. (3)
(ii) Increase in level of oxygen in the atmosphere ✓ or warmer
climate. (1)
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4.5 (i) Permian ✓ (1)
(ii) Sustained volcanic eruptions ✓ (1)
4.6 (i) Number of mammal species increased ✓from the start of the
Cenozoic era ✓ (2)
(ii) Mass extinction of dinosaurs ✓ occurred at the end of the
Cretaceous period so there were fewer predators ✓ that preyed
on mammals
Death of dinosaurs meant that open ecological niches ✓ existed
and there was less competition ✓ for resources.
(4)
[TOTAL: 40]
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WEEK 2: TOPIC: History of life on earth
SUB-TOPIC: Cambrian explosion
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1 D (2)
QUESTION 2
2.1 million years ago (1)
2.2 245 mya (1)
2.3 Period - Quarternary (1)
2.4 500 – 440 mya = 60 mya (3)
2.5 Pennsylvanian (1)
2.6 Cambrian Explosion (1)
2.7 Cretaceous (1)
2.8 Volcanic activity - around India
released dust particles into the atmosphere
caused global cooling
OR
Asteroid impact – large dust clouds blocked out the sun
caused global climate change
OR
Continental drift – as continents move away from each other
caused climate change
(3)
(12)
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WEEK 3: TOPIC: History of life on earth
SUB-TOPIC: Mass extinctions
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1 (a) Cenozoic
(b) Paleozoic
(c) Cenozoic (3)
1.2 251 mya – 65.5 mya = 185,5 mya (3)
(a) 65.5 mya
1.3 (1)
(b) It is when many species are lost/disappear in the same
period of time (2)
(c) Ordovician Mass Extinction
Devonian Mass Extinction
Permian Mass Extinction
Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction
Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction (5)
(14)
QUESTION 2
2.1 Fossils (1)
2.2 65 million years ago (2)
2.3 A comet, an asteroid or part of a star from outer space struck
the Earth/Gulf of Mexico, which resulted in
- large clouds of dust blocking out the sun
- which stopped photosynthesis
- and also caused global cooling/dinosaurs might have been
ectotherms and not able to live in the cold
- Also led to world-wide fires
- and monstrous tsunamis (Any 6) (6)
(9)
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QUESTION 3
3.1 8/24 x 100= 33,3 % (3)
3.2 Reptiles (1)
3.3
Criterion Mark Allocation
Correct type of graph (T) 1
Caption for graph (C)
1
Correct label for Y-axis and X-axis (L) 1
Correct scale for Y-axis and size of
bars and spaces between bars (S) 1
Plotting of points:
1 to 5 bars correct (P) 1
OR
All 6 bars correct 2 (6)
(10)
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WEEK 4: TOPIC: History of life on earth
SUB-TOPIC: Fossil formation and Methods of dating
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1 C
1.2 D (4)
QUESTION 2
2.1 Fossil
2.2 Transitional fossil
2.3 Relative dating (3)
QUESTION 3
3.1 A
3.2 A
3.3 B (6)
QUESTION 4
4.1 The youngest fossils are the dinosaur fossil and they are preserved
in sandstone rock (2)
4.2 Dinosaurs are land animals which suggests that the sediments were
deposited on land . (3)
4.3 The oldest sediments are mudstone containing bivalves, e.g. oysters
which are preserved in mudstone rock. (3)
4.4 The cliff faces are probably far apart and when the layers of sediments
were deposited Millions of years ago they were they were not all deposited
over the area that covers all the cliffs .
Section A is the only cliff that contains petrified wood . Also, all the cliffs
have not been eroded to the same extent so not all the layers are exposed
to each section, and in some sections some layers have already been
eroded away . (5)
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QUESTION 5
5.1 Archaeopteryx (1)
5.2 It had a skull with teeth and jaws more similar to dinosaurs .
It did not have a beak like a bird .
It had three claws on the end of the bones of each wing
The sacrum is made up of six vertebrae .in birds there are 11-23
vertebrae in the
sacrum
It had” belly ribs” which are bony structures found in the wall of the
abdomen of many reptiles.
It had a long bony sternum and a body tail (any 3x1=3)
5.3 Hollow bones
Wish bone (2)
10
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WEEK 5: TOPIC: The Chemistry of Life
SUB-TOPIC: Organic molecules, Inorganic Compounds & Minerals
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1 Phosphorus, nitrogen and iron (3)
1.2 Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus (3)
1.3 Nitrogen and iron (2)
1.4 Iron (1)
(9)
11
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WEEK 6: TOPIC: The Chemistry of Life
SUB-TOPIC: Organic compounds (Monosaccharides & Lipids)
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1 D
1.2 B (4)
QUESTION 2
2.1 Polysaccharides
2.2 Sucrose
2.3 Lipid
2.4 Polysaccharides
2.5 Cellulose (5)
QUESTION 3
3.1 Both
3.2 B only
3.3 None (6)
QUESTION 4
4.1 It prevents buildup of cholesterol in arteries and atherosclerosis. It also helps to
prevent heart disease.
4.2 5500/2000 = 2.75
100 x 2.75 = 275 gram
4.3 Protein = 12.5/100 x 360 = 450
0
Carbohydrates = 50/100 x 360 = 180
Fats = 12.5/100 x 360 = 450
Fibre = 25/100 x 360 = 900
12
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NUTRIENT WEIGHTING PER 100G OF
CEREAL
Proteins
Fibres
Fats
Carbohydrates
Note: Read the criteria to the learners so that they understand how pie charts are
assessed.
Criteria Marks
Correct type of graph 1
Correct heading 1
Calculations are correct 1-3 calculations correct – 2 marks
4 calculations correct - 3 marks
Sectors are drawn correctly 1
TOTAL 6
QUESTION 5
5.1 i) A and D
ii) B and C
iii) E
13
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WEEK 7: TOPIC: The Chemistry of Life
SUB-TOPIC: Organic compounds (Proteins, Enzymes, Nucleic acids &
Vitamins)
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1 (a) protein is an organic compound composed of one or more chains of amino
acids
(b) enzymes are substances that acts as catalyst in living organism,
regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceeds.
(c) Denaturation involves breaking of the weak linkages within a
protein molecule. (6)
1.2 Amino acids (1)
1.3 Kwashiorkor (1)
1.4 Dipeptide bond. (1)
1.5
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(6)
QUESTION 2
(a) 0.8 x 88.77 = 71 grams. (2)
(b) 0.8 x 75.21 = 60.1 grams. (2)
QUESTION 3
3.1 (a) Protease and lipase are enzymes
Protease breaks down protein; lipase breaks down fats
They break down stains better than ordinary detergents (3)
(b) Enzymes are denatured at high temperatures (2)
3.2 There is protease in the biological washing powder
therefore this would digest the protein in the silk so the
clothes would get spoiled (2)
15
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WEEK 8: TOPIC: Cells: The basic unit of life
SUB-TOPIC: Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus & cytoplasm
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
Label diagrams
A. Plant cell
1. Vacuole
2. Cell membrane
3. Ribosomes
4. Cytoplasm
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
6. Cell wall
7. Nucleus
8. Golgi apparatus
9. Nucleolus
10. Chloroplast
11. Mitochondrion
B. Animal cell
1. Lysosome
2. Nucleolus
3. Nucleus
4. Golgi apparatus
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
6. Cell membrane
7. Centrioles of the centrosome
8. Ribosome
9. Microtubules
10. Cytoplasm
11. Mitochondrion
16
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WEEK 9: TOPIC: Cells: The basic unit of life
SUB-TOPIC: Mitochondria, Ribosome, Endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi-body
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
Question 1
1.1 C
1.2 D
1.3 C
1.4 C
1.5 A (10)
Question 2
2.1 Cisternae
2.2 Ribosome
2.3 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2.4 Polyribosomes/polysomes
2.5 Saliva (5)
Question 3
3.1 A only
3.2 A only
3.3 B only (6)
Question 4
4.1 Ribosome (2)
4.2 Synthesis of proteins (2)
4.3 During this process, amino acids (the building blocks of proteins)
are linked together
to form long polypeptide chains.
These polypeptide chains are the proteins (4)
4.4 1 - Large subunit
2 - Small subunit (2)
4.5 Protein. (2)
4.6 Proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (2)
(14)
17
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WEEK 10: TOPIC: Cells: The basic unit of life
SUB-TOPIC: Plastids, Vacuoles & difference between plant and animal cells
ANSWERS for ACTIVITIES/WORKSHEETS/EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
Question 1
1.1 C
1.2 A
1.3 B
1.4 C
1.5 A (10)
Question 2
2.1 Cell sap
2.2 Stroma
2.3 Grana (3)
Question 3
3.1 None
3.2 A only (4)
Question 4
4.1 Chloroplast (1)
4.2
▪ Have large vacuole
▪ Presence of granum or grana(pl.) and
▪ display stroma any 2
18
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