W. G.

HOUSKEEPER,
COMBINED METAL AND GLASS STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME,
APPLICATION FILED JAN, 4, 1918.
1,294,466. Patented Feb, 18, 1919,

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
WILLIAI G. HOUSKEEPER, OF. PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO
westERN ELECTRIC conPANY, INCORPORATED, or NEW YORK, N. Y., A COB
PolaATION OF NEw York.
COBITED METAL AND GLASS STRUCTURE AND METHoD of MAKING SAME.
1,294.466. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Fel). 18, 1919.
Application fled January 4, 1918. Serial No. 310,397.
To all to hon it may concern: its opposite ends surrounding all sealed to 55
Be it known that I, WILLIAM (i. Hous the inner ends of the glass tubes 4 and 6, the
KEEPEIt, a citizen of the United States, resid glass and metal being united in the follow
ing at ihiladelphia, in the county of Phila ing manner: The metal tube 2, which in the
delphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invent type '' in
of structure illustrated may be about 60
diameter, has each end portion turned
ed certain new and useful Inprovements in otherwise
Combined Metal and (Glass Structures and or reduced to a thickness of about
.015'
Methods of Making Same, of which the foll the tube from eachor .020' for at least one diameter of
lowing is a full, clear, concise, and exact de 1 and 4. The copperendtube
scription.
as shown at 8 in Figs.
is further reduced 65
O at each end to form a knife edge 10, the re
is invention relates to structures, par duction preferably being tapered so that the
ticularly containers or tubes which in use are taper extends from ' to 4' back
exhausted to considerably below atmospheric end of the tube. A section of glass on the
pressure, consisting of glass and metal ele having been fitted inside the coppertube 6
tube
15 ments hermetically sealed together and to a its inner end 12 adjacent to the inner 70
method for effecting the union between the with most end of the reduced portion 8 of the cop
glass and metal elements. O per tube, the copper tube is held in a suitable
The manufacture of vacuum tube light fixture
ning arresters, in which part of the container in a gasand is heated to a bright yellow heat
flame. Under the influence of the 75
20 or shell is of glass and part of metal or of
glass heat conducted through
of a different coefficient of expansion, per tube, the adjacent end the walls of the cop
and the setting up of air pump tubing em softens of the glass tube
bodying similar diverse elements, as well as and the glass is then rolled into con
the construction of other devices for use in tact with the inner surface of the end of cop
25 connection with vacuum work, are rendered per tube by a graphite rod of suitable dimen 80
difficult because of the fact that one of the SiOS.
elements contracts more rapidly than the to Athesecond glass tube 4 is similarly welded
opposite end of the copper tube. If
other when an attempt is made to weld them
together; as a result the adjacent surfaces the metal tube is not of more than a cer
30 of the clements are not perfectly united tain thickness, that is, .007 for copper, fur 85
throughout, but are either separated at one ther reduction of its thickness or the pro
vision of a knife-edge is not necessary in
or more places, which permits the leakage of order
air to the interior of the finished structure, to formto apermit welding it to a tube of glass
hermetic seal as above described.
or else are so insecurely united that separa To form a vacuum
tion takes place under slight shock or in Outer end of the glass lightning arrester, the
tube 6 is softened and 90
equality of pressure.
This invention has for its object the elimi reducedmetal in diameter and a small copper or
nation of this defect and is based on the dis other
disk 14
disk 14 is welded thereto; the
carries a conductor 16 at the inner
covery that if the end of a metal tube is suffi
40 ciently thin, it may be readily welded to a end of which is a disk 18 supported in con 95
glass tube and will then form therewith a centric copper
relation with the inner portion of the
tube 6, which has an inwardly pro
permanent hermetic seal. jecting ridge 20 formed on its inner sur
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 face. The disk 18 and the ridge 20 thus
shows, partly in section, a shell for a light form the electrodes
ning arrester embodying my invention; Figs. outer end of the tube 4,ofwhich the arrester. The 100
2 and 3 show modifications of the arrange of the tubing leading to anmay form part
ment shown in Fig. 1: Fig. 4 shows on a sealed after the desired degreeairofpump, vacuum
is
large scale the details of the seal between the
glass and the metal; and Fig. 5 is a sectional is obtained.
view of this invention, as applied to the con endItofis the apparent that, by leaving the outer 05
tubes 6 and 4 open, the above de
nection of a glass tube to a rod or heavy wire Scribed arrangement may be used as a means
conductor. of connecting two elements formed of glass
In the arrangement shown in Fig.1, a sec
tion of copper or other metal tubing 2 has of different coefficients of expansion, the
1294,466
tube 6, for example, being of lead glass and end of the metal tube into a gradually 60
the tube. 4 of much harder glass. Such an tapered knife edge, and then welding one
application of the invention is useful in con end portion of the glass tube to a tubular
nection with apparatus for exhausting con surface of the end portion of the metal tube.
tainers to low pressures, since it is economi 3. The method of uniting a glass and a
cal toapparatus
ing make the [Link]
glassportionsof ofhigh
themelting
pump metal tube which consists in reducing the 65
thickness of the metal tube for a substan
point, while the containers to be exhausted tial distance from one end thereof, forming
are generally of a much softer glass with a said end of the metal tube into a gradually
10 different coefficient of expansion, and there tapered knife edge, and then welding one
fore incapable of being fused directly to the end portion of the glass tube to a tubular 70
air pump tubing. surface of the end portion of the metal tube.
In Fig. 2, the glass tube 4 has been omitted 4. The method of uniting a glass and a
and the corresponding end of the copper metal tube which consists in reducing the
5 tube 2 is closed, thus producing a simpler thickness of the metal tube for a substan
structure than that shown in Fig.1. tial distance from one end thereof, forming 75
In the modification shown in Fig. 3, the said end of the metal tube into a gradually
inner ends of the glass tubes 24 and 26 sur tapered knife edge, and then welding one
round the reduced ends of the copper tube
2 O 22. This arrangement is otherwise the
end portion of the glass tube to the inner
same as that shown in Figs. 1 and 4 and the surface of said end portion of the metal tube.
method of manufacture is the same except
5. The method of uniting a glass and a 80
metal tube which consists in reducing the
that the glass tubes are thus directly heated thickness of the metal tube for a substan
by the gas flame. - tial distance from one end thereof, forming
25 In Fig. 5 there is shown a glass tube 28
said end of the metal tube into a gradually
to one end of which a copper sleeve 30 is tapered knife edge, fitting said end portion 85
welded in the manner described above, the of the metal tube over the glass tube, heating
other end of the copper sleeve being reduced the metal tube until the glass tube softens,
in diameter and soldered or otherwise her and rolling the softened glass onto the inner
3.0 metically sealed to a rod or heavy wire con surface of the metal tube.
ductor 32. This forms an inexpensive and 6. In combination, a metal tube and a 90
highly efficacious seal between the glass and glass tube, one of said tubes having a por
the conductor 32 and, as will be apparent, tion fitted into and welded to a portion of
it is very useful as a means of leading in to
35 a glass container a conductor of large diam metalother
the tube, the welded portion of the
tube being of less thickness than the 95
eter and formed of metal whose co-efficient
of expansion differs appreciably from that main portion of said tube.
7. In
of the glass, since the other end of the tube end portion combination, a metal tube having one
28 may be readily welded to the open end portion of said of less thickness than the main
4. 0 of the glass container.
tube and terminating in a
sharpened edge, and a glass tube welded to
Although I have shown and described
my invention as applied to specific glass and said end portion
8. The combination with a tube of hard
- 100
metal structures, it is to be understood that glass and a tube of soft glass having differ
it is not limited to such uses but may be ent co-efficients of expansion, of a metal
used wherever circumstances require a firm
and permanent union between metal and tube said
having one end welded to an end of
hard glass tube and its other end to 105
glass members or between glass members of an end of said soft glass tube.
different co-efficients of expansion. While 9. The combination
the metal tube is, for most purposes, prefer glass and a tube of softwith a tube of hard
ably of copper, other metals, may be simi ent co-efficients of expansion,having
glass differ
of a metal
larly employed. tube having its end reduced in thickness, one ll
What is claimed is: , of said tubes being welded to an end of
1. The method of uniting a glass tube said hard glass tube and its other end being
and a metal tube which consists in reducing
5 the thickness of a portion of the metal tube. welded to an end of said soft glass tube.
and welding the glass tube to said portion In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe
of reduced thickness. Imy
1917.
name this 29th day of December, A. D. 115
2. The method of uniting a glass and a
metal tube which consists in forming the WILLIAM G. HOUSKEEPER.