MATHS MODELS
SECTION A
1. Relations and Functions
(i) Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to
one and onto functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.
(ii) Inverse trigonometric functions
Definition, domain, range, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric
functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
2. Algebra
Matrices and Determinants
(i) Matrices
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose
of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition
and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition,
multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices
and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square
matrices of order upto 3). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible
matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists (here all matrices will have
real entries).
(ii) Determinants
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants,
minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle.
Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of
solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations
in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.
3. Calculus
(i) Continuity, Differentiability and Differentiation. Continuity and differentiability,
derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric
functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic
functions.
Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation,
derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s
and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric
interpretation.
(ii) Applications of Derivatives
Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions,
tangents and normals, use of derivatives in approximation, maxima and minima (first
derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable
tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic
principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).
(iii) Integrals
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by
substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the
following types and problems based on them.
Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite
integrals.
(iv) Differential Equations
Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation.
Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables solutions of
homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Formation of
differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by
method of separation of variables solutions of homogeneous differential equations of
first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx +
py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constants. dx/dy + px = q, where p and q are
functions of y or constants.
4. Probability
Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total
probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and
variance of random variable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial
distribution.
SECTION C
8. Application of Calculus
Application of Calculus in Commerce and Economics in the following:
– Cost function,
– average cost,
– marginal cost and its interpretation
– demand function,
– revenue function,
– marginal revenue function and its interpretation,
– Profit function and breakeven point.
– Rough sketching of the following curves:
AR, MR, R, C, AC, MC and their mathematical interpretation using the
concept of maxima & minima and increasing-decreasing functions.
9. Linear Regression
– Lines of regression of x on y and y on x.
– Scatter diagrams
– The method of least squares.
– Lines of best fit.
– Regression coefficient of x on y and y on x.
– bxy x byx = r2, 0 ≤ bxy ≤ byx ≤ 1
– Identification of regression equations
– Angle between regression line and properties of regression lines.
– Estimation of the value of one variable using the value of other variable from
appropriate line of regression.
10. Linear Programming
Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization,
different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P.
problems, graphical method of solution for
problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded),
feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions
(up to three non-trivial constraints).
