[Link].
9
HEADING : IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP - I
AIM : IDENTIFIY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
[Link] EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for unsaturation :
Dissolved 0.2 ml of organic compound Brown colour of bromine No unsaturation is
1 in 2 ml CCl4 Then added bromine not discharged present
water drop wise
Test for alcoholic group :
Added a small piece of sodium to 1 ml No effervescence by the Alcoholic group is
2 of the given liquid in a dry test tube liberation of H2 gas absent
Test for phenolic group:
Added 0.2 ml of organic compound to No green or violet colour
3 2-3 ml neutral FeCl3 solution in a test Phenolic group is absent
obtained
tube.
Test for Carbonyl group : Carbonyl group is
shook 0.2 ml of organic compound present.
4 with 2-3 ml of 2,4 -dinitrophenyl Orange -yellow ppt. formed
May be an aldehyde or
hydrazine in a test tube a ketone
Test for Carboxylic group :
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2 ml of No effervescence by the Carboxylic group is
5 organic compound in a test tube liberation of CO2 gas absent
Test for Amine group :
To a small amount of organic liquid in
test-tube , added 1ml conc. of HCl and No offensive smelling gas
6 Amine group absent
a few drops of CHCl3, then , added evolved
2ml of [Link] solution and warmed
gently in test- tube
Confirmatory Test for Aldehydic
group: (Tollen's test)
Warmed 1 ml of organic compound
Silver mirror formed on
7 with 1 ml of Tollen's reagent in test Aldehyde is confirmed
inner side of the test tube
tube over water bath.
O
Result:
The given organic compound contains aldehydic (-C----H) functional group
[Link] 10
HEADING : IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP - II
AIM : IDENTIFIY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
[Link] EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for unsaturation :
Dissolved 0.2 ml of organic compound in Brown colour of
No unsaturation is
1 2 ml [Link] added bromine water bromine not
present
drop wise discharged
Test for alcoholic group :
Added a small piece of sodium to 1 ml of No effervescence by
2 the given liquid in a dry test tube Alcoholic group is absent
the liberation of H2 gas
Test for phenolic group:
Added 0.2 ml of organic compound to 2- No green or violet
3 3 ml neutral FeCl3 solution in a test tube. Phenolic group is absent
colour obtained
Test for Carbonyl group : Carbonyl group is
shook 0.2 ml of organic compound with Orange -yellow ppt. present.
4 2-3 ml of 2,4 -dinitrophenyl hydrazine in formed May be an aldehyde or
a test tube a ketone
Test for Carboxylic group :
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2 ml of No effervescence by
Carboxylic group is
5 organic compound in a test tube the liberation of CO2
absent
gas
Test for Amine group:
To a small amount of organic liquid in
test-tube, added 1ml conc. Of HCl and a No offensive smelling
6 Amine group absent
few drops of CHCl3, then , added 2ml of gas evolved
[Link] solution and warmed gently in
test- tube
Confirmatory Test for Ketonic group :
(Test with Sodium Nitro Prusside)
To a small amount of organic compound
in a test tube , added 1 ml freshly A red colouration Ketonic group is
7 prepared crystals of sodium nitroprusside obtained confirmed
in distilled water . Shook and added
sodium hydroxide solution drop wise.
O
Result:
The given organic compound contains ketonic (-C-) functional group
[Link]. 11
HEADING : IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP - III
AIM : IDENTIFIY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
[Link] EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for unsaturation
Dissolved 0.2 ml of organic compound in 2 ml Brown colour of bromine not No unsaturation is
1 [Link] added bromine water drop wise discharged present
Test for alcoholic group
Added a small piece of sodium to 1 ml of the No effervescence by the Alcoholic group is
2 given liquid in a dry test tube liberation of H2 gas absent
Test for phenolic group
Added 0.2 ml of organic compound to 2-3 ml No green or violet colour Phenolic group is
3 neutral FeCl3 solution in a test tube. obtained absent
Test for Carbonyl group
4 Shook 0.2 ml of organic compound with 2-3 Carbonyl group is
ml of 2,4 -dinitrophenyl hydrazine in a test tube No Orange -yellow ppt. formed
absent.
Test for carboxylic group
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2 ml of organic Brisk Effervescence observed Carboxylic group is
5 compound in a test tube by the liberation of CO2 gas present
Test for amine group
To a small amount of organic liquid in test-
tube, added 1ml conc. Of HCl and a few drops No offensive smelling gas
6 of CHCl3, then , added 2ml of [Link] Amine group absent
evolved
solution and warmed gently in test- tube
Confirmatory Test for Carboxylic group :
(Ester test)
To a small amount of the organic compound ,
added 1 ml of ethyl alcohol and 1-2 ml drops of
A fruity smelling gas evolved Carboxylic group is
7 Conc. Sulphuric acid in a test tube . Heat the
or observed Confirmed
mixture for on a water bath for about five
minutes and the pour the mixture in a beaker
containing water.
O
Result:
The given organic compound contains carboxylic (-C-OH) functional group
[Link].12
HEADING : IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP - IV
AIM : IDENTIFIY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN
ORGANIC COMPOUND
[Link] EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for unsaturation
Dissolved 0.2 ml of organic Brown colour of
1 compound in 2 ml [Link] added bromine not unsaturation is absent
bromine water drop wise discharged
Test for alcoholic group
Added a small piece of sodium to 1 Effervescence by the
2 Alcoholic group is present
ml of the given liquid in a dry test liberation of H2 gas
tube
Test for phenolic group
Added 0.2 ml of organic compound No green or violet
3 Phenolic group is absent
to 2-3 ml neutral FeCl3 solution in a colour obtained
test tube.
Test for Carbonyl group
shook 0.2 ml of organic compound No Orange -yellow
4 Carbonyl group is absent.
with 2-3 ml of 2,4 -dinitrophenyl ppt. formed
hydrazine in a test tube
Test for carboxylic group
No effervescence by
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2
5 the liberation of CO2 Carboxylic group is absent
ml of organic compound in a test
gas
tube
Test for amine group
To a small amount of organic liquid
in test-tube, added 1ml conc. Of No offensive smelling
6 Amine group absent
HCl and a few drops of CHCl3, then gas evolved
, added 2ml of [Link] solution
and warmed gently in test- tube
Confirmatory Test for Alcoholic
group: (Iodoform test)
To a 1 g given compound in a dry
test and added about 1 ml of 1 %
A yellow precipitate Alcoholic group is
8 iodine solution, then added dilute
formed Confirmed
sodium hydroxide solution drop
wise until the brown colour of
iodine discharged. Warmed gently
on a water bath.
Result: The given organic compound contains alcoholic (-OH) functional group
[Link].13
HEADING : IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP - V
AIM : IDENTIFIY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
[Link] EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for unsaturation
Dissolved 0.2 ml of organic compound in Brown colour of unsaturation is
1 2 ml [Link] added bromine water drop bromine not discharged absent
wise
Test for alcoholic group
No effervescence by Alcoholic group is
2 Added a small piece of sodium to 1 ml of
the liberation of H2 gas absent
the given liquid in a dry test tube
Test for phenolic group
green or violet colour Phenolic group is
3 Added 0.2 ml of organic compound to 2-3
obtained present
ml neutral FeCl3 solution in a test tube.
Test for Carbonyl group
shook 0.2 ml of organic compound No Orange -yellow ppt. Carbonyl group is
4 with 2-3 ml of 2,4 -dinitrophenyl formed absent.
hydrazine in a test tube
Test for carboxylic group No effervescence by
Carboxylic group is
5 Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2 ml of the liberation of CO2
absent
organic compound in a test tube gas
Test for amine group
To a small amount of organic liquid in
test-tube, added 1ml conc. Of HCl and No offensive smelling
6 few drops of CHCl3, then , added 2ml of Amine group absent
gas evolved
[Link] solution and warmed gently in
test- tube
Confirmatory Test for Phenolic group : A deep blue or green
(Liebermann's test) colouration developed.
To a 1 g of phenol , added 2-3 crystals of Added water little and
sodium nitrite and heated gently for half a Phenolic group is
7 excess of sodium
minute, then allow to cool .Added 1 ml of Confirmed
hydroxide solution.
[Link] acid and shake test tube. A Blue or green
colour formed
Result : OH
The given organic compound contains Phenolic ( ) functional group
[Link].14
HEADING : IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP - VI
AIM : IDENTIFIY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
[Link] EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for unsaturation
Dissolved 0.2 ml of organic Brown colour of bromine
1 compound in 2 ml [Link] added unsaturation is absent
not discharged
bromine water drop wise
Test for alcoholic group
Added a small piece of sodium to 1 No effervescence by the
2 Alcoholic group is absent
ml of the given liquid in a dry test liberation of H2 gas
tube
Test for phenolic group
Added 0.2 ml of organic compound No green or violet colour
3 to 2-3 ml neutral FeCl3 solution in a Phenolic group is absent
obtained
test tube.
Test for Carbonyl group
shook 0.2 ml of organic compound No Orange -yellow ppt.
4 with 2-3 ml of 2,4 -dinitrophenyl Carbonyl group is absent.
formed
hydrazine in a test tube
Test for carboxylic group
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2 ml No effervescence by the
5 Carboxylic group is absent
of organic compound in a test tube liberation of CO2
Test for primary amine group:
To a small amount of organic liquid
in test-tube, added 1ml conc. Of HCl
and a few drops of CHCl3, then , offensive smelling gas
6 Amine group is present
added 2ml of [Link] solution and evolved
warmed gently in test- tube
Confirmatory Test for Amine group :
(Azo - Dye test)
To a small amount of organic
compound, added 2 ml of dilute
hydrochloric acid in a test tube(A) .In
another test tube take freshly
A red or orange dye
7 prepared sodium nitrite solution(B). Amine is confirmed
observed
Test tube (C) dissolved 0.2 g of Beta-
Naphthol in dilute sodium hydroxide.
Placed three test in an ice bath. Now
Added (B) in (A) and resulting
solution added to the test tube (C).
Result: The given organic compound contains Amine (-NH2) functional group
