Social Perspectives Definition of Indigenous Science and Technology in

Society (Intellectual revolutions the Philippines

that defined society) • Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices
Society (IKSP)
-is a companionship or association with one's - a systems, institutions, mechanisms,
fellows (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). technologies comprising a unique body of
-a system of social interaction, or everyday knowledge evolved through time embodying
events in which at least two people communicate patterns of relationships between and among
and respond to affect one's another's behavior peoples, their lands and resource environment,
and thinking (Ferrante, J. 2003). including such spheres of relationships which may
Theoretical Perspectives of Understanding the include social, political, cultural, economic,
Meaning of Society religious, and which are the direct outcome of
• Structural Functionalist Perspective the indigenous peoples' responses to certain
-define society as a system of interrelated, needs consisting of adaptive mechanisms which
interdependent parts. have allowed indigenous peoples to survive and
-each society's parts functions to maintain a thrive within their given socio-cultural and
larger system. biophysical conditions" (Rule II, Section 1, para. I
-'functions' means the contribution of a part to of the IPRA Implementing Guidelines).
makes order and stability within the system.
✓ (human body as an analogy for society) each Indigenous Science and Technology in the
body parts work together in impressive harmony, Philippines
each functions in a unique way to maintain the
entire body BUT cannot be separated from other Cases:
body parts that it affects and that in turn help it 1.) Terracing (Ifugao Community Rice Terraces)
function. • Terracing
Herbert Spencer -is a method of farming and soil conservation
(1820-1903) practiced on hills and sloped lands. It involves the
• was a British philosopher building of platforms, forming step-like structures
• first true sociological functionalist. along a slope.
Conflict Perspective -The main goal of terracing is to periodically
-define society as in a state of continuous conflict interrupt the slope of the terrain with flat
because of competition for limited resources. sections; this helps to decrease the speed of
-social order is maintained by domination and water runoff, significantly reducing soil erosion
power, rather than by consensus and conformity. and surface runoff.
Karl Heinrich Marx (1818-1883)
-was a German philosopher. Cases:
-"the first great user of critical method in social 2.) Balangay (ancient boat) Making (Sama de
sciences". Laut Community of Sulu)
• Symbolic Interactionist Perspective • Balangay
-society is socially constructed by the - was the first wooden boat that was excavated in
symbol/meanings/gesture we attach to social Southeast Asia. These boats were instrumental in
interactions and events the settlement of Austronesian peoples in the
-society is a product of human activity or social Philippines and the Malay archipelago. It was
interaction. used for cargo and trading, in which Butuan,
George Herbert Mead Agusan de Norte, Philippines was a central
(1863-1931) trading port.
-was an American philosopher, sociologist, and
psychologist.
-regarded as one of the founders of symbolic
interactionism.
Science and Technology in the ✓Physics provides us Mathematical Formulas for
Philippines all Earthly events.

Contemporary Science and Technology •CHEMISTRY

Science ✓Chemistry deals with the study of elements (i.e.
-the systematic study of the structure and atoms, molecules, compounds, lons etc.) & their
behavior of the physical and natural world chemical composition, characteristics, structure
through observation, experimentation, and the and reactions.
testing of theories against the evidence obtained. ✓Chemistry also studies the chemical interaction
(bonding) between elements, atoms and
molecules.

5.) Formal science

•is an area of study that uses formal systems to
generate knowledge.
Objective of the study: Formal systems like rules
and definitions

•Logic
1.) Earth and space sciences (ESS)/ Earth Science •Mathematics
- investigate processes that operate on earth, it •Theoretical Computer •Science
explores the interconnections between the land, •Information Theory
ocean, atmosphere, and life of our planet and it •Systems Theory
also address its place in the solar system and the •Decision Theory
galaxy. •Statistics
Objective of the study: earth and universe •Linguistics

Technology
- refers to methods, systems, and devices which
are the result of scientific knowledge being used
for practical purposes.

2.) Social science 1.) Information technology (IT)

is the study of people: as individuals, - is the hardware and software used to create,
communities and societies; their behaviors and store, transmit, manipulate, and display
interactions with each other and with their built, information and data.
technological and natural environments. 2.) Educational Technology
Objective of the study: Society - is the field of study that investigates the process
3.) Life science of analyzing, designing, developing,
-is an enormous field of study that examines implementing, and evaluating the instructional
every living thing on earth. environment, learning materials, learners, and
Objective of the study: Living things the learning process in order to improve teaching
4.) Physical science is a branch of natural science and learning.
that studies non-living systems. 3.) Assistive technology
Objective of the study: Non-living things can include mobility devices such as walkers and
wheelchairs, as well as hardware, software, and
BRANCHES OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE peripherals that assist people with disabilities in
accessing computers or other information
•PHYSICS technologies.
✓Physics deals with the study of matter & energy
and the relationship between them.