ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to my

science teacher Mr. Rajveer Singh sisodia who
have supported me throughout this science
project.

Your guidance and encouragement have been

invaluable in helping me understand and
complete this project to find resistivity of wires
of different metal using Ohm’s law.
This project has not only taught me solentific
concepts but has also helped me enhance my
problem-solving skills.

I am grateful for the opportunity to work on

this project and I am proud of the results i have
achieved. Thank you, everyone for your
support and belief in my abilities.

Name: - Kaushlendra Saraswat

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, Kaushlendra Saraswat of
class XII-sci. of Gyan Deep Shiksha Bharati has
successfully completed his investigatory project
on “To find resistivity of wires of different
metal using Ohm’s law”.

Signature of Signature of

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Signature of School stamp

Principal

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INDEX

[Link]. Name Page no.

1. Aim 4
2. Introduction 4 to 6
3. Apparatus required 7
4. Procedure 8&9
5. Observation 10 &11
6. Calculation 12 to 14
7. Result 15
8. Precaution 16
9. Bibliography 17

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Aim
To find resistivity of wires of different metal
using Ohm’s law.

Introduction
Ohm's law states that the current through a
conductor between two points is proportional
to the potential difference across the two points.

Introducing the constant proportionality,

the resistance, one arrives at the usual
mathematical equation that describes this
relationship.

I=V/R

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Where I is the current through the conductor in
units of amperes, V is the voltage measured
across the conductor in units of volts, and R is
the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms.
More specifically, Ohm's law states that the R in
this relation is constant, independent of the
current. Ohm's law is an empirical relation
which accurately describes the conductivity of
the vast majority of electrically conductive
materials over many orders of magnitude of
current. However some materials do not obey
Ohm's law, these are called non-ohmic.

RESISTANCE
Electrical resistance of an object is a measure of
its opposition to the flow of electric current. The
inverse quantity is electrical conductance, and
is the ease with which an electric current
passes.
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Electrical resistance shares some conceptual
parallels with the notion of mechanical friction.
The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm
(Ω), while electrical conductance is measured in
Siemens.

RESISTIVITY
Electrical resistivity (also called specific
electrical resistance or volume resistivity) is a
fundamental property of a material that
quantifies how strongly it resists or conducts
electric current. A low resistivity indicates a
material that readily allows electric current.
Resistivity is commonly represented by the
Greek letter p (rho). The SI unit of electrical
resistivity is the ohm-meter (Ω-m).

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Apparatus Required
4 Wires of different metals with respective
length
A battery eliminator
D.C Voltmeter
A.C Ammeter
A rheostat
One plug key
Thick connecting wires
Sand paper

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Procedure
1. Arrange the various components of the
circuit accordingly with a plug out of
one-way key
2. Rub the ends of connecting wire with a
sand paper
3. Ensure the ammeter connected in a
series with the resistance wire with its
positive terminal towards the positive of
battery. Also ensure the voltmeter
connected in parallel to resistance coil R
in such a manner that the current enters
at its positive end.
4. Connect the rheostat such that its lower
terminals and the upper terminals are
used.
5. Insert the plug-in key K.

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6. Adjust the rheostat so that small current
flows though the circuit. And record the
readings of ammeter and voltmeter
7. Shift the rheostat contact to shift the
current and take the readings again.
8. Cut the resistance wire at the ends just
coming out of voltmeter. Stretch it along
the meter and measure its length
9. Observations recorded.

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Observation Table

IRON WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.20v 1.3 Ω
200mA 0.25v 1.001 Ω
300mA 0.30v 1.0 Ω

ALUMINUM WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
200mA 0.10v 0.5 Ω
300mA 0.20v 0.66 Ω
400mA 0.30v 0.75 Ω

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MANGANIM WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.20v 1.3Ω
200mA 0.30v 1.5 Ω
300mA 0.40v 1.3 Ω

COPPER WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.10v 0.5 Ω
200mA 0.20v 0.54 Ω
300mA 0.30v 0.6 Ω

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Calculations
FOR IRON WIRE
Length of wire = 21cm
Thickness = 0.54 x 10^-2 m

Area =0.28 x 10^-6 m2

Mean resistance = (1.3+1.001+1.0)

3
=1.1Ω

Resistivity =RA/L
=10.5*10^-8 Ωm

FOR ALUMINUM WIRE

Length of wire = 68 cm

Thickness = 0.66 x 10^-2 m

Area = 0.28 x 10^-6 m2

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Mean resistance = (0.5+0.66+0.75)
3
= 0.63Ω
Resistivity = RA/L
=2.7 x 10^-8 Ωm

FOR MANGANIM WIRE

Length of wire =57 cm

Thickness =0.66 x 10^-2 m

Area =0.19 x 10^-6 m2

Mean resistance = (1.3+1.5+1.3)
3
= 1.36 Ω

Resistivity = RA/L

= 48.2 x 10^-8 Ωm

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FOR COPPER WIRE
Length of wire = 48 cm
Thickness = 0.49x 10^-2 m

Area =

Mean resistance = (0.5+0.54+0.60)

3

= 0.54 Ω

Resistivity = RA / L

= 1.7 x 10 ^-8 Ωm

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Result
The resistivity of wires is:
1. For iron = 10.5 x 10^-8 Ωm
2. For aluminum = 2.7 x 10^-8 Ωm
3. For manganim wire = 4.82 x 10^-8 Ωm
4. For copper wire = 1.7 x 10^-8 Ωm

NOTE:- The graph between potential

drop and the current through the
conductor is a straight line.

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Precautions

 Connection should be tight.

 Short circuiting should be avoided.

 The plug should be inserted only while

taking observation otherwise current will
cause unnecessary heating in the circuit.

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Bibliography

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 NCERT CLASS 12
 Lab manual physics 12th

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