1 − tan2 x

1 Prove the identity ≡ 1 − 2 sin2 x. [4]

1 + tan2 x

9709//M/J/07

2 Prove the identity

1 + sin x cos x 2
+ ≡ . [4]
cos x 1 + sin x cos x

9709//O/N/08

sin x sin x
3 Prove the identity − ≡ 2 tan2 x. [3]
1 − sin x 1 + sin x
9709//M/J/09

4 (i) Prove the identity (sin x + cos x)(1 − sin x cos x) ≡ sin3 x + cos3 x. [3]

(ii) Solve the equation (sin x + cos x)(1 − sin x cos x) = 9 sin3 x for 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 360◦ . [3]

9709/12/O/N/09

≡1+
sin x tan x 1
1 − cos x
5 (i) Prove the identity . [3]
cos x

+ 2 = 0, for 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 360◦ .
sin x tan x
1 − cos x
(ii) Hence solve the equation [3]

9709/11/O/N/10

6 Prove the identity

tan2 x − sin2 x ≡ tan2 x sin2 x. [4]

9709/12/O/N/10

≡1+
cos
tan θ (1 − sin θ )
7 (i) Prove the identity . [3]
sin θ

= 4, for 0◦ ≤ θ ≤ 360◦ .
cos θ
tan θ (1 − sin θ )
(ii) Hence solve the equation [3]
9709/12/M/J/11

1 1 2 1 − cos θ
8 (i) Prove the identity − ≡ . [3]
sin θ tan θ 1 + cos θ
1 1 2 2
(ii) Hence solve the equation − = 5 , for 0◦ ≤ θ ≤ 360◦ . [4]
sin θ tan θ
9709/13/M/J/11

1 1
9 (i) Prove the identity tan x + ≡ . [2]
tan x sin x cos x
2
(ii) Solve the equation = 1 + 3 tan x, for 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 180◦ . [4]
sin x cos x

9709/12/M/J/12
2
10 (i) Prove the identity tan2 θ − sin2 θ ≡ tan2 θ sin θ . [3]
◦ ◦
(ii) Use this result to explain why tan θ > sin θ for 0 < θ < 90 . [1]

9709/13/M/J/12

sin 1 cos 1 1
11 (i) Show that +  . [3]
sin 1 + cos 1 sin 1 − cos 1 sin 1 − cos2 1
2

sin 1 cos 1
(ii) Hence solve the equation + = 3, for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [4]
sin 1 + cos 1 sin 1 − cos 1
9709/11/M/J/13

12 It is given that a = sin 1 − 3 cos 1 and b = 3 sin 1 + cos 1, where 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å.

(i) Show that a2 + b2 has a constant value for all values of 1. [3]

(ii) Find the values of 1 for which 2a = b. [4]

9709/12/M/J/13

sin 1 1 1
13 (i) Prove the identity −  . [4]
1 − cos 1 sin 1 tan 1
sin 1 1
(ii) Hence solve the equation − = 4 tan 1 for 0Å < 1 < 180Å. [3]
1 − cos 1 sin 1
9709/11/M/J/14

1 cos 1
(i) Prove the identity −  tan 1. [4]
14 cos 1 1 + sin 1
cos 1
+ 2 = 0 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å.
1
(ii) Solve the equation − [3]
cos 1 1 + sin 1
9709/12/M/J/14

tan x +
15 (i) Prove the identity  sin x + cos x. [3]
sin x tan x + cos x
tan x + 1
(ii) Hence solve the equation = 3 sin x − 2 cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. [3]
sin x tan x + cos x
9709/13/M/J/14

sin 1 − cos 1 tan 1 − 1

16 (i) Prove the identity  . [1]
sin 1 + cos 1 tan 1 + 1

sin 1 − cos 1 tan 1

(ii) Hence solve the equation = , for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 180Å. [4]
sin 1 + cos 1 6
9709/12/M/J/15

@ A2
1 1 1 − cos x
17 (i) Prove the identity −  . [4]
sin x tan x 1 + cos x
@ A2
1 1
(ii) Hence solve the equation − = 25 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. [3]
sin x tan x
9709/12/O/N/15
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1 4
(i) Prove the identity −  . [4]
18 1 − cos 1 1 + cos 1 sin 1 tan 1

(ii) Hence solve, for 0Å < 1 < 360Å, the equation

1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1
@ A
sin 1 − = 3. [3]
1 − cos 1 1 + cos 1
9709/12/M/J/16

19 (i) Show that cos4 x  1 − 2 sin2 x + sin4 x. [1]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 8 sin4 x + cos4 x = 2 cos2 x for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 360Å. [5]

9709/11/O/N/16

@ A2
1 1 − sin 1
20 (i) Prove the identity − tan 1  . [3]
cos 1 1 + sin 1

9709/12/M/J/17

2 sin 1 + cos 1
21 (i) Show that the equation = 2 tan 1 may be expressed as cos2 1 = 2 sin2 1. [3]
sin 1 + cos 1
9709/13/M/J/17

cos 1 + 4
22 (i) Show that the equation + 5 sin 1 − 5 = 0 may be expressed as 5 cos2 1 − cos 1 − 4 = 0.
sin 1 + 1
[3]

9709/13/O/N/17

23 (i) Prove the identity sin 1 + cos 1 1 − sin 1 cos 1  sin3 1 + cos3 1. [3]

(ii) Hence solve the equation sin 1 + cos 1 1 − sin 1 cos 1 = 3 cos3 1 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [3]
........................................................................................................................................................
9709/11/M/J/18

tan2 1 − 1
24 (a) (i) Express in the form a sin2 1 + b, where a and b are constants to be found. [3]
tan2 1 + 1

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, and showing all necessary working, solve the equation

tan2 1 − 1 1
=
tan2 1 + 1 4
for −90Å ≤ 1 ≤ 0Å. [2]

9709/13/M/J/18

25 (i) Show that the equation

cos 1 − 4 4 sin 1
− =0
sin 1 5 cos 1 − 2
may be expressed as 9 cos2 1 − 22 cos 1 + 4 = 0. [3]

(ii) Hence solve the equation

cos 1 − 4 4 sin 1
− =0
sin 1 5 cos 1 − 2
for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [3]

9709/11/O/N/18
tan 1 + 1 tan 1 − 1 2 tan 1 − cos 1
26 (i) Show that +  . [3]
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1 sin2 1
(ii) Hence, showing all necessary working, solve the equation
tan 1 + 1 tan 1 − 1
+ =0
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1
for 0Å < 1 < 90Å. [4]

9709/13/O/N/18

@ A2
1 1 − sin x
27 (i) Prove the identity − tan x  . [4]
cos x 1 + sin x
@ A2
1
(ii) Hence solve the equation − tan 2x = 13 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0. [3]
cos 2x
9709/11/M/J/19

28 Angle x is such that sin x = a + b and cos x = a − b, where a and b are constants.

(i) Show that a2 + b2 has a constant value for all values of x. [3]

(ii) In the case where tan x = 2, express a in terms of b. [2]

9709/12/M/J/19

1 + sin 1 cos 1 2
29 (a) Prove the identity +  . [3]
cos 1 1 + sin 1 cos 1
1 + sin 1 cos 1 3
(b) Hence solve the equation + = , for 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 2π. [3]
cos 1 1 + sin 1 sin 1
9709/11/M/J/20

tan 1 tan 1 2
30 (a) Show that +  . [4]
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1 sin 1 cos 1
tan 1 tan 1 6
(b) Hence solve the equation + = for 0Å < 1 < 180Å. [4]
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1 tan 1
9709/13/M/J/20

sin 1 sin 1
31 (a) Show that −  2 tan2 1. [3]
1 − sin 1 1 + sin 1
sin 1 sin 1
(b) Hence solve the equation − = 8, for 0Å < 1 < 180Å. [3]
1 − sin 1 1 + sin 1
9709/11/O/N/20
@ A@ A
1 1 1
32 (a) Prove the identity cos x − tan x sin x + 1  tan x . [4]
@ A@ A
1 1
(b) Hence solve the equation − tan x + 1 = 2 tan2 x for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 180Å. [2]
cos x sin x
9709/12/O/N/20
1 − 2 sin2 1
33 (a) Prove the identity  1 − tan2 1. [2]
1 − sin2 1
1 − 2 sin2 1
(b) Hence solve the equation = 2 tan4 1 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 180Å. [3]
1 − sin2 1
9709/11/M/J/21

1 + sin x 1 − sin x 4 tan x

34 (a) Prove the identity −  . [4]
1 − sin x 1 + sin x cos x
1 + sin x 1 − sin x
(b) Hence solve the equation − = 8 tan x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 π. [3]
1 − sin x 1 + sin x
9709/12/M/J/21

sin 1 + 2 cos 1 sin 1 − 2 cos 1 4

35 (a) Show that −  2
. [4]
cos 1 − 2 sin 1 cos 1 + 2 sin 1 5 cos 1 − 4
sin 1 + 2 cos 1 sin 1 − 2 cos 1
(b) Hence solve the equation − = 5 for 0Å < 1 < 180Å. [3]
cos 1 − 2 sin 1 cos 1 + 2 sin 1
9709/12/F/M/22

sin3 1 sin2 1
36 (a) Prove the identity −  − tan2 1 1 + sin2 1. [4]
sin 1 − 1 1 + sin 1
(b) Hence solve the equation

sin3 1 sin2 1
− = tan2 1 1 − sin2 1
sin 1 − 1 1 + sin 1
for 0 < 1 < 2π. [2]
9709/11/M/J/22

sin 1 cos 1 tan2 1 + 1

37 (a) Prove the identity +  . [3]
sin 1 + cos 1 sin 1 − cos 1 tan2 1 − 1
sin 1 cos 1
(b) Hence find the exact solutions of the equation + = 2 for 0 ≤ 1 ≤ π.
sin 1 + cos 1 sin 1 − cos 1
[4]

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38 (a) (i) By first expanding cos 1 + sin 12 , find the three solutions of the equation

cos 1 + sin 12 = 1

for 0 ≤ 1 ≤ π. [3]
(ii) Hence verify that the only solutions of the equation cos 1 + sin 1 = 1 for 0 ≤ 1 ≤ π are
0 and 12 π. [2]
sin 1 1 − cos 1 cos 1 + sin 1 − 1
(b) Prove the identity +  . [3]
cos 1 + sin 1 cos 1 − sin 1 1 − 2 sin2 1
(c) Using the results of (a)(ii) and (b), solve the equation
sin 1 1 − cos 1
+ = 2 cos 1 + sin 1 − 1
cos 1 + sin 1 cos 1 − sin 1
for 0 ≤ 1 ≤ π. [3]

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