This is an interesting introduction to prepositional phrases in English.

This short talk is given by

a native teacher, and you will have a chance to see how prepositional phrases are skillfully
included: "Ok class, this small exercise is going to be given for the sake of helping you learn
about prepositional phrases. In all likelihood, you use these short phrases every day. Without
a doubt, native speakers use these phrases by heart. In other words, they don't really think
about which prepositional phrases they use. These prepositional phrases are used in
combination with other common phrases. This type of building language up out of phrases is
often referred to as 'chunking'. As you continue to speak a language, more and more phrases
are on the tip of your tongue. Of course, there are a number of lists that are provided with the
intention of making learning these phrases easier. However, in theory, you should be able to
learn these prepositional phrases by means of using English on a daily basis. I do hope that
after doing this exercise, you will be able to use English prepositional phrases correctly and
effectively."

• for the sake of

I hope you're not doing this just for the sake of money
• in all likelihood
In all likelihood, the vase was made in the seventeenth century.
• without a doubt
She is without a doubt one of our most talented employees.
• by heart
We should learn English prepositional phrases by heart.
• in other words
These were people who fought for money - mercenaries, in other words.
• in combination with Never take this medicine in combination with alcohol.
• on the tip of
Wait - it's on the tip of my tongue - her name is Fiona.
• with the intention of
No one goes to college with the intention of failing.
• in theory
In theory, anything could happen.
• by means of
You should learn prepositional phrases by means of using English on a daily basis.

PHẦN NÀY CHECK NGHĨA VOCAB NHA E

Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
01 Candidates must submit their application (in, on , by) writing .
in writing = in written form: ở dạng văn bản
submission
02 I hope you're doing this just for the sake (of, in, about) the money.
for the sake of ~ because of
03 All staff must carry their 10 cards (by, at, with) all times.
at all times ~ continuously
04 Mr. Adams will be in (behalf, case, charge) of data analysis.
in charge of ~ be responsible for sth
05 Despite the bad weather , the flight arrived on ___
on schedule ~ đúng tiến độ, đúng lịch trình
Despite + Noun/Ving
(A) appointment (B) schedule (C) condition (D) request
06 The candidate did not get the job ___ a result of his inexperience.
(A) by (C) for (B) as (D) on
as a result of ~ because of
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following advertisement.
The Shine Beach Hotel is the place to stay if you plan to vacation in the sunny Bahamas!
Continental breakfast will be included in the room charge. Tours around the city are available
upon ____. If you wish to know more about the hotel, please contact us.
We will send you brochures describing our hotel facilities ____.
07 (A) respect (C) request (B) removal (D) requirement
08 (A) details (B) in detail (C) detailing (D) detailed
upon/on request:

if something is available on request, you have to ask for it if you want it:
A schedule of fees is available on request.

in detail
In Part 7, overview/gist questions are frequently tested. These are the questions that require
readers to find out the main idea, the topic, or the purpose of a reading passage.
gist: the most important pieces of information about something
Questions about the main idea or purpose of a reading passage usually contain WH-words
such as What, Why together with topic, discuss, about, purpose, written, etc. Below are some
typical questions for the main idea/purpose.
Topic:
What is the main topic of this notice?
What does this article discuss?
What is this letter about?
Purpose:
What is the purpose of the advertisement?
Why was this memorandum written?

Step1: Read the question to identify whether it is an overview question

Questions which include topic, discuss, purpose, etc. are overview questions.
Step 2: Locate the main idea/purpose at the beginning of a reading passage
Find out the topic sentence showing the main idea or purpose of a reading passage. The topic
sentence usually appears at the beginning of a reading passage and contains information to be
developed later.
Step 3: Find out the correct answer
The correct answer is often the paraphrased topic sentence.
The question below refers to the following memo.
Dear Mr. Hirosi,
We might probably reschedule the meeting this Thursday about company alliance. I was
unexpectedly requested to attend another project conference that I have been conducting
with my colleagues . Would you mind if our meeting would be held on Monday, because I
would like to spare time for the reports before the meeting? I really apologize for the delay. I
look forward to hearing from you soon.
Question:
What is the purpose of this memo?
(A) To assign tasks related to the meeting
(B) To change the meeting time
Step1: Read the question to identify whether it is an overview question
Step 2: Locate the topic sentence
Step 3: Find out the correct answer, which paraphrases the topic sentence
Analyzing:
Step 1: Read the question. From the word purpose, it can be inferred that the question is
about the main idea/purpose of the memo.
Step 2: The main idea / purpose is often discussed at the beginning; the topic sentence is
therefore stated at the beginning of the memo. The memo starts with We might probably
reschedule the meeting this Thursday about company alliance; later, it explains the reason in
more detail.
Step3: The topic sentence is We might probably reschedule the meeting this Thursday about
company alliance. So, choice (B) To change the meeting time is the correct answer.
Reschedule the meeting is paraphrased as change the meeting time.
Practice paraphrasing the following sentences by choosing the correct option.
01 The meeting was held as scheduled.
hold ~ organize
take place ~ happen
= The meeting ____ as arranged.
(A) took place (B) took action
02 The hotel's safety devices are inspected once a year.
= _______ safety checks are performed at the hotel.

inspect (v)  If an official person inspects a thing, place, or a group of people, the official looks
carefully in order to make certain the thing, place, or group is in good condition and that rules
are being obeyed

Someone from the Health Department will inspect the restaurant this afternoon.
(A) Additional (B) Annual
03 People entering the contest can win a new car.
= The _____ for the contest is a new car.
(A) winner (B) prize
04 The purpose of this message is to notify you that we received the delivery.
= The point of this note is to ______ receipt of the shipment.
(A) acknowledge (B) attempt

acknowledge: to tell someone, usually in a letter or email, that you have received something
they sent you:

They didn't acknowledge my letter.

acknowledge receipt of Please acknowledge receipt of this letter.

05 It is illegal to transport more than four people in the taxi.

(A) The taxi is not big enough for more than four people.
(B) The maximum capacity for the taxi is four people.
legal # illegal
06 While the roads are under repair, access to certain districts will be restricted.
(A) Once the roadwork has been completed, access will be given to some vehicles.
(B) Some areas will be temporarily closed to vehicles until the repairs have been completed.
access (v)
access to sth (n)
07 Please bring this entire page to the bank when you apply for a loan.
(A) You must present this whole page of information to request a loan application.
(B) To apply for a loan, please submit a paper with your personal information.
apply for
08 This seminar is designed to teach students interviewing skills.
(A) The seminar is focused on public speaking.
(B) The seminar is intended to improve the communication abilities of students.
teach sb sth
teach him drawing

Question 9 refers to the following letter.

The Lansdowne Community Center would like to thank you for your generous gift of $1,000. As
you requested, your donation will be used to create an afterschool sports program for
teenagers. Together with citizens like you, we have been providing the neighborhood with
excellent recreational programs for the past 25 years. Your sponsorship enables us to offer
many services and helps ensure a bright future for our city.

09 Why was this letter written?

(A) To request donations for community programs
(B) To express gratitude to a donor for financial support
(C) To encourage sponsors to continue donating

Question 10 refers to the following advertisement.

The Conrad Regency Hotel is seeking a full-time chef to start November 1. We would like him
or her to join the kitchen team at our new location in China. Applicants must have graduated
from a licensed culinary institute and have a strong background in Chinese cuisine. A minimum
of five years of experience in the field is preferred. Applicants will also need to prepare several
sample dishes for the final interview. Salary and benefits are negotiable.
10 What is the purpose of this advertisement?
(A) To advertise the opening of a new branch
(B) To recruit cooks from China
(C) To announce a job opening
Question 11 refers to the following memorandum.
To: All staff
From: Brian Bean. Manager of the Human Resources Department
Subject: Regulations for leave of absence
I am pleased that we have fifty new employees this month. In light of this, it seems like a good
time to review the leave policy. Annual leave can be used for vacation or personal reasons.
Employees should request leave from their supervisor in advance. Employees with fewer than
three years of service receive seven days of annual leave. Staff with three to fifteen years
receive ten days. Employees who have served fifteen or more years get thirteen days of annual
leave.
If you need further information regarding this policy, please call me at extension 121.
11 What is the memorandum mainly about?
(A) The hiring process (B) The vacation policy (C) The benefits package (D) The new employees
OBJECT, COMPLEMENT AND MODIFIER
What is an object? What is a complement?
I like teachers.
Object
She has become a teacher.
Complement
In the sentence I like teachers, teachers is the people that I like. The part of the sentence that
completes the verb is called an object.
In the sentence She has become a teacher, the phrase a teacher gives information about the
subject she. The part of the sentence that clarifies the subject or object is called a
complement.

What is a modifier?
We met our teacher on Sunday.
Modifier
In the sentence We met our teacher on Sunday, on Sunday modifies the whole sentence We
met our teacher. Without on Sunday, the sentence We met our teacher is still meaningful. The
part of the sentence that is not very important and modifies the whole sentence is called a
modifier.

Where is an object?
An object follows its verb.
I/run/a company.
Object
Which of the following is the object?
The manager/ announced/ the result.
A B C
 The object the result comes after the verb announced.
WHERE IS A COMPLEMENT?
There are two kinds of complement; each of them has a different position in a sentence. A
subject complement modifying the subject comes after the main verb, whereas an object
complement modifying the object follows the object.
She/ is/ a secretary.
Verb Subject complement
The news/ made/ workers/ happy.
Object Object complement

Which of the following is the complement?

His father is a pilot
A B C
=> The subject complement comes after the verb is.

Where is a modifier?
Modifiers can stand at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence. A sentence
may have more than one modifier.
[These days],/ Mr. Smith/is/busy.
Modifier
We/ attended/the workshop/ [last week].
Modifier
[Of all the speakers], he/is/the best/(that I have seen].
Modifier Modifier

Which of the following is the modifier?

She met her co-worker at the seminar
Except for the subject she, the verb met and the object her co-worker, the rest of the sentence
is the modifier
1. noun/noun phrase
2. tân ngữ của đại từ nhân xưng (me you us them him her it)
3. noun clauses
3 kinds
1. what/where/when/why/how + S + V
2. if/whether + S + V
3. that + S + V
ing 1 present participle  thì tiếp diễn
nếu đứng trước danh từ chỉ hành động đang diễn ra
ing 2 gerund  danh động từ  đứng đầu câu lm chủ ngữ + đứng làm tân ngữ
nếu đứng trước danh từ chỉ mục đích
a sleeping bag
ing 3 adj
4. gerund  I like reading books
5. to V  reading books is my hobby = To read books is my hobby
want  want sth
He wants to meet the manager
it be adj to V
It is important to learn English

COMPLEMENT
ADJ  I FEEL HAPPY
NOUN PHRASE  I AM A SOFTWARE ENGINEER
NOUN CLAUSE  THE PROBLEM IS THAT I DON’T HAVE ENOUGH TIME
GERUND  HER INTEREST IS WATCHING TV
TO V  OUR GOAL IS TO GET 500 ON THE TOEIC TEST
Possible objects
A noun, pronoun, gerund (V-ing), to-infinitive, and noun clause can function as the object of a
verb .
Noun: The companyIopened/a branch.
Pronoun: Mr. Hopkins/does not know/her.
Gerund: I/finished/preparing my presentation.
To-infinitive: The manager/wants/to see the results.
Noun clause: He/asked/that we update our computers.

Incorrect instances in the object position

A verb and an adjective cannot be an object.
She/found/a (locate, location) for a new office. Verb (X) Noun (O)
Mr. Clarkson/praised/her (able, ability) as an artist. Adjective (X) Noun (O)

Choose one correct option

He reported the (problem, problematic) to the administrator.
REPORT STH TO SB
We signed an (agree, agreement) with a foreign company.
Many young consumers prefer (to shop, shop) online.
PREFER STH TO STH I prefer red wine to white
PREFER VING TO VING I PREFER WATCHING FOOTBALL TO PLAYING IT
The labor union demanded the (resign, resignation) of the president.
DEMAND ~ REQUIRE
Mr. Kato considered (launching, launch) a campaign to promote a new PDA.
CONSIDER STH ~ to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision
LAUNCH STH ~ to begin something such as a plan or introduce something new such
as a product:
The programme was launched a year ago.
PROMOTE ~ ADVERTISE
PROMOTE ~ ENCOURAGE
Flyaway Service guarantees (deliver, delivery) in three days.
GUARANTEE (V): ĐẢM BẢO
ENSURE
assure
MAKE SURE
SECURE
Our team can design the _____ according to customers' requirements.
REQUIREMENT ~ DEMAND ~ NEED ~ DESIRE
(A) produced (C) productive (B) product (D) productively
A broadband connection OFFERS the ___ of immediate access to the Internet.
THE N OF N
(A) advantaging
(B) advantageously
(C) advantageous
(D) advantage
The proper ___ of equipment will prevent injuries.
(A) utilization (C) utilize (B) utilizing (D) utilized
UTILIZE (V) ~ USE
utilization ~ USAGE
PROPER (ADJ): suitable, or correct
INJURE
Mr. Hornby did not notice any ___ between the two brands of camera.
(A) difference (B) differ (C) different (D) differs
NOTICE STH ~ NHẬN RA (V)
NOTICE (N): CÁI THÔNG BÁO
CORRECT SYNONYM