Interprovincial Program Guide

Heavy Equipment
Operator
(Tractor-Loader-
Backhoe)
2016
Interprovincial
Program Guide

Heavy Equipment Operator

(Tractor-Loader-Backhoe)

2016

Trades and Apprenticeship Division Division des métiers et de l’apprentissage

Labour Market Integration Directorate Direction de l’intégration au marché du

travail

National Occupational Classification: 7421

Disponible en français sous le titre : Opérateur/opératrice d’équipement lourd

(tractopelle-rétrocaveuse)
You can download this publication by going online: publicentre.esdc.gc.ca. This document is
available on demand in multiple formats by contacting 1 800 O-Canada (1-800-622-6232),
teletypewriter (TTY), 1-800-926-9105.

© Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada, 2016

[email protected]

PDF
Cat. No.: Em15-2/6-2016E-PDF
ISBN: 978-0-660-06797-1

_________________________________________________________________

You can download this publication and find more information on Red Seal trades by going
online: http://www.red-seal.ca
Foreword

The Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship (CCDA) recognizes this

Interprovincial Program Guide (IPG) as the national curriculum for the occupation of
Heavy Equipment Operator (Tractor-Loader-Backhoe).

Jurisdictions have long recognized the benefit of pooling resources in the development
and maintenance of apprenticeship training standards. A successful example of this is
the Interprovincial Standards Red Seal Program itself. Essential to the establishment of
standards is the development of suitable training systems and programs which enable
tradespeople to acquire certification based on these standards. While certification is the
responsibility of Apprenticeship administrators throughout Canada, the development
and delivery of technical training is the responsibility of jurisdictions.

In 1999, work to develop common training for apprenticeship programs within the
Atlantic Provinces began. To date, 22 Curriculum Standards have been developed
through the Atlantic Standards Partnership (ASP) project to assist programming staff
and instructors in the design and delivery of technical training. Similarly, the CCDA
embarked on a process for the development of national IPGs for the Boilermaker,
Carpenter and Sprinkler System Installer trades. At its January 2005 strategic planning
session, the CCDA identified developing common training standards as one of the key
activities in moving towards a more cohesive apprenticeship system.

With the support of Employment and Social Development Canada (EDSC), several
provinces and territories have partnered to build on the ASP and the CCDA processes
to further develop IPGs to be used across the country. This partnership will create
efficiencies in time and resources and promote consistency in training and apprentice
mobility.

2
Acknowledgements

The CCDA and the IPG Committee wishes to acknowledge the contributions of the
following industry and instructional representatives who participated in the
development of this document.

Dwayne Abbott Newfoundland and Labrador

Scott Cathcart Manitoba
Darrell Johanson Saskatchewan
Rob Middleton Manitoba
Curtis Rodgers New Brunswick
Rob Ryl British Columbia
Gary Snow Newfoundland and Labrador

In addition to the representatives above, various federal, provincial and territorial

representatives contributed to the development of this document including the host
province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

As this program guide will be amended periodically, comments or suggestions for

improvement should be directed to:

Trades and Apprenticeship Division

Labour Market Integration Directorate
Employment and Social Development Canada
140 Promenade du Portage, Phase IV
Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0J9
E-mail: [email protected]

3
Table of Contents

Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... 2

Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................... 3

User Guide .................................................................................................................................... 5

IPG Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................ 7

Essential Skills Profiles ................................................................................................................ 9

Profile Chart ................................................................................................................................ 10

Recommended Level Structure ................................................................................................ 11

2015 NOA Sub-Task to IPG Unit Comparison ...................................................................... 12

PROGRAM CONTENT

Level 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 14

Level 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 54

4
User Guide

According to the Canadian Apprenticeship Forum, the IPG is: "a list of validated
technical training outcomes, based upon those sub-tasks identified as common core in
the National Occupational Analysis (NOA), and validated by industry in the provinces
and territories as incorporating the essential tasks, knowledge and skills associated with
a given trade."

Learning outcomes contained in the IPG represent the minimum common core content
for the development of jurisdictional training standards and outlines. IPGs are
developed based on the NOAs and extensive industry consultation. The IPG is intended
to assist program development staff in the design of jurisdictional plans of training.
Each jurisdiction has the flexibility to add additional content.

The IPG was deliberately constructed for ease of use and flexibility of structure in order
to adapt to all delivery requirements. It details units of training, unit outcomes and
objectives. It does not impose a delivery model or teaching format.

Jurisdictions and/or training providers will select and develop delivery materials and
techniques that accommodate a variety of learning styles and delivery patterns. The IPG
does not dictate study materials, textbooks or learning activities to be used in delivery.

The IPG document includes a recommended levelling structure to facilitate mobility for
apprentices moving from one jurisdiction to another. Because of difference in
jurisdictional regulations and program durations, levels are offered as suggestions only.

Structure

The IPG is divided into units. The unit codes are used as a means of identification and
are not intended to convey the order of delivery. Prerequisites have not been detailed.
Each unit consists of Learning Outcomes and Objectives and Content.

The Learning Outcomes are the specific performances that must be evaluated. Wording
of the learning outcomes, "Demonstrate knowledge of…", acknowledges the broad
spectrum of ways in which knowledge can be shown. It is at the discretion of each
jurisdiction to determine the manner in which learning outcomes are evaluated;
theoretically, practically or a combination of both.

5
User Guide (continued)

The Objectives and Content for the unit details the information to be covered in order to
achieve the performances specified in the Learning Outcomes. These objectives can be
either theoretical or practical in nature, based on the requirements identified through
the industry consultation process. The learning activities used to cover the objectives
are at the discretion of the jurisdiction; however, practically worded objective
statements have been used where industry indicated a need for the apprentices to
receive exposure to performing the task or skill outlined while attending technical
training. For example, this exposure could be done through instructor demonstration or
individual or group performance of the skill or task. This practical training will help to
reinforce the theoretical component of the technical training.

Detailed content for each objective has not been developed. Where detail is required for
clarity, content has been provided. The content listed within the IPG document is not
intended to represent an inclusive list; rather, it is included to illustrate the intended
direction for the objective. Content may be added or extended in jurisdictional training
plans as required.

Jurisdictions are free to deliver the IPG units one at a time or concurrently, provided
that all Learning Outcomes are met. The IPG does not indicate the amount of time to be
spent on a particular unit as the length of time required to deliver the Learning Outcomes
successfully will depend upon the learning activities and teaching methods used.

6
IPG Glossary of Terms

These definitions are intended as a guide to how language is used in the IPGs.

APPLICATION The use to which something is put and/or the circumstance

in which you would use it.

CHARACTERISTIC A feature that helps to identify, tell apart, or describe

recognizably; a distinguishing mark or trait.

COMPONENT A part that can be separated from or attached to a system; a

segment or unit.

DEFINE To state the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.).

DESCRIBE To give a verbal account of; tell about in detail.

EXPLAIN To make plain or clear; illustrate; rationalize.

IDENTIFY To point out or name objectives or types.

INTERPRET To translate information from observation, charts, tables,

graphs, and written material.

MAINTAIN To keep in a condition of good repair or efficiency.

METHOD A means or manner of doing something that has procedures

attached to it.

OPERATE How an object works; to control or direct the functioning of.

PROCEDURE A prescribed series of steps taken to accomplish an end.

PURPOSE The reason for which something exists or is done, made or

used.

7
IPG Glossary of Terms (continued)

TEST v. To subject to a procedure that ascertains effectiveness,

value, proper function, or other quality.

n. A way of examining something to determine its

characteristics or properties, or to determine whether or not
it is working correctly.

TROUBLESHOOT To follow a systematic procedure to identify and locate a

problem or malfunction and its cause.

8
Essential Skills Profiles

Essential Skills are the skills needed for work, learning and life. They provide the
foundation for learning all the other skills that enable people to evolve within their jobs
and adapt to workplace change.

Over the past several years, the Government of Canada has conducted research
examining the skills people use at work. From this research, Essential Skills Profiles
have been developed for various occupations.

For more information regarding Essential Skills and to access Essential Skills Profiles for
specific occupations, visit Employment and Social Development Canada ’s Essential
Skills website at:

http://www.esdc.gc.ca/en/essential_skills/profiles/index.page

9
Profile Chart

COMMON OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS

HEO-100 HEO-105 HEO-110 HEO-115
Safety Tools and Equipment Hoisting and Rigging Communication

HEO-120 HEO-125 HEO-130 HEO-135

Survey Indicators – I Slopes and Grades Methods of Approach Trade Related
Documents

HEO-140 HEO-200 HEO-205

Soil Fundamentals Survey Indicators – II Drawings and Plans

HEAVY EQUIPMENT (TRACTOR-LOADER-BACKHOE) INSPECTION AND BASIC

MAINTENANCE
HEO-145 HEO-150 TLB-155 HEO-160
Introduction to Heavy Heavy Equipment Scheduled and Pre- and Post-
Equipment Systems and Preventative Operational Inspections
Components Maintenance
TLB-165
Troubleshooting and
Basic Repairs

HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATOR (TRACTOR-LOADER-BACKHOE) TASKS

TLB-170 HEO-175 HEO-180 TLB-210
Attachments and Transportation of Equipment Operation Attachments and
Implements – I Equipment Safety Implements – II

HEO-185 HEO-215 TLB-190 TLB-220

Environmental Environmental Tractor-Loader-Backhoe Tractor-Loader-Backhoe
Protection – I Protection – II (TLB) – I (TLB) – II

10
Recommended Level Structure

HEO = Common Units to Heavy Equipment Operator (Dozer), Heavy Equipment Operator
(Excavator) and Heavy Equipment Operator (Tractor-Loader-Backhoe) IPG
TLB = Specific Units to Heavy Equipment Operator (Tractor-Loader-Backhoe) IPG

Level 1 Level 2
Unit Unit
Title Page Title Page
Code Code
HEO-100 Safety 15 HEO-200 Survey Indicators – II 55

HEO-105 Tools and Equipment 18 HEO-205 Drawings and Plans 56

HEO-110 Hoisting and Rigging 19 TLB-210 Attachments and Implements – II 58

HEO-115 Communication 22 HEO-215 Environmental Protection – II 60

HEO-120 Survey Indicators – I 24 TLB-220 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – II 62

HEO-125 Slopes and Grades 25

HEO-130 Methods of Approach 26

HEO-135 Trade Related Documents 28

HEO-140 Soil Fundamentals 30

HEO-145 Introduction to Heavy Equipment 32

Heavy Equipment Systems and 33

HEO-150
Components
Scheduled and Preventative 34
TLB-155
Maintenance
Pre- and Post-Operational 36
HEO-160
Inspections
TLB-165 Troubleshooting and Basic Repairs 38

TLB-170 Attachments and Implements – I 40

HEO-175 Transportation of Equipment 42

HEO-180 Equipment Operation Safety 44

HEO-185 Environmental Protection – I 47

TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I 49

11
2015 NOA Sub-task to IPG Unit Comparison

NOA Sub-task IPG Unit

Task 1 – Uses and maintains tools and equipment.
1.01 Maintains hand and power tools. HEO-105 Tools and Equipment
1.02 Maintains measuring and testing HEO-105 Tools and Equipment
equipment.
1.03 Uses grade checking and tracking HEO-105 Tools and Equipment
instruments.
1.04 Uses riggings and lifting equipment. HEO-110 Hoisting and Rigging
1.05 Uses personal protective equipment HEO-100 Safety
(PPE) and safety equipment.
Task 2 – Maintains safe work environment.
2.01 Assesses potential hazards. HEO-100 Safety
HEO-180 Equipment Operation Safety
2.02 Plans worksite safety strategies. HEO-100 Safety
2.03 Secures unattended equipment. HEO-100 Safety
2.04 Communicates with others. HEO-115 Communication
2.05 Performs spill control procedures. HEO-185 Environmental Protection – I
2.06 Performs sediment control HEO-185 Environmental Protection – I
procedures. HEO-215 Environmental Protection – II
2.07 Handles material. HEO-100 Safety
Task 3 – Organizes work.
3.01 Checks grade. HEO-125 Slopes and Grades
3.02 Uses documentation. HEO-135 Trade Related Documents
HEO-205 Drawings and Plans
3.03 Interprets survey indicators and HEO-120 Survey Indicators – I
data. HEO-200 Survey Indicators – II
3.04 Determines method of approach. HEO-130 Methods of Approach
Task 4 – Performs scheduled maintenance.
4.01 Maintains heavy equipment TLB-155 Scheduled and Preventative
operator (tractor-loader-backhoe) Maintenance
station.
4.02 Maintains drive train systems, tires TLB-155 Scheduled and Preventative
and rims. Maintenance
4.03 Performs preventative maintenance. TLB-155 Scheduled and Preventative
Maintenance
4.04 Performs basic maintenance on TLB-210 Attachments and Implements – II
attachments.

12
NOA Sub-task IPG Unit
Task 5 – Performs inspections.
5.01 Performs pre-operational HEO-160 Pre- and Post-Operational
inspections. Inspections
5.02 Performs post-operational
inspections.
5.03 Completes daily equipment logbook.
Task 6 – Performs basic heavy equipment operator functions.
6.01 Maintains control of equipment. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
6.02 Positions equipment for task. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
6.03 Monitors performance of equipment. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
6.04 Troubleshoots equipment problems. TLB-165 Troubleshooting and Basic Repairs
6.05 Installs attachments. TLB-170 Attachments and Implements – I
TLB-210 Attachments and Implements – II
TLB-220 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – II
6.06 Performs emergency procedures. HEO-100 Safety
HEO-180 Equipment Operation Safety
TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
TLB-220 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – II
6.07 Compacts material using HEO-140 Soil Fundamentals
attachments. TLB-170 Attachments and Implements – I
TLB-210 Attachments and Implements – II
6.08 Performs cut and fill operations. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
TLB-220 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – II
6.09 Clears snow and ice. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
Task 7 – Transports equipment.
7.01 Prepares equipment for HEO-175 Transportation of Equipment
transportation.
7.02 Loads equipment and attachments
for transportation.
7.03 Assists in securing equipment for
transportation.
7.04 Unloads equipment and
attachments.
7.05 Drives equipment on roads.
Task 8 – Operates tractor-loader-backhoes (TLB).
8.01 Places material. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
TLB-220 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – II
8.02 Excavates trenches and ditches. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
8.03 Backfills trenches and excavations. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
8.04 Loads trucks. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
8.05 Lifts material. TLB-220 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – II
8.06 Stockpiles material. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I
8.07 Performs clean-up operations. TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – I

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LEVEL 1
HEO-100 Safety

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety

equipment, their applications, maintenance and procedures for use.
- Demonstrate knowledge of safe operating procedures.
- Demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to safety.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

1.05 Uses personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety equipment.

2.01 Assesses potential hazards.
2.02 Plans worksite safety strategies.
2.03 Secures unattended equipment.
2.07 Handles material.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with PPE and safety equipment.

2. Identify workplace hazards and describe safe work practices and equipment.
i) personal
- pressurized and hot fluids
- pinch points
- slips, trips and falls
ii) workplace
- environmental (surroundings)
- traffic control (flagperson)
- confined space
- H 2 S gas
- powerline hazards/utilities
- underground
- overhead
iii) environmental
- soil conditions
- weather/climate effects

15
3. Interpret workplace safety and health regulations.
i) federal
- Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS)
- Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
- Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG)
ii) provincial/territorial
- Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)
- First Aid
- H 2 S Alive
iii) municipal
iv) company policies
- job safety analysis (JSA)
- policies exceeding jurisdictional requirements

4. Identify types of PPE and describe their applications and procedures for use.

5. Identify types of safety equipment and describe their applications and

procedures for use.
i) safety devices
- seatbelts
- travel alarm
- hydraulic lock outs and brakes
- fire extinguishers
- rollover protective structures (ROPS)
- falling objects protective structures (FOPS)

6. Describe the procedures used to maintain and store PPE and safety equipment.

7. Describe the procedures used to safely mount and dismount equipment

(three-point contact).

8. Describe the procedures used to secure unattended equipment.

9. Describe the procedures used to lock out and tag out equipment.

10. Describe the procedures used to store, use, transport and dispose of materials.
i) site
- building/construction
- spoils

16
ii) hazardous
- lubricants
- coolants
- fuel

11. Interpret soil types and explain how they affect strength and stability of trench
walls.

12. Describe the conditions that decrease trench wall stability.

i) vibration
ii) spoil surcharge
iii) weather/moisture
iv) equipment traffic

13. Describe the procedures used to protect workers against cave-ins.

i) trench boxes
ii) shoring
iii) sloping

14. Describe the procedures used while working in and around trenches.
i) emergency procedures
ii) safe access and egress

15. Describe emergency and operational procedures used while working with or
around utilities.
i) powerlines
ii) pipelines
iii) above ground utilities
iv) underground/buried utilities
v) after exposed underground utilities

16. Describe the procedures used while working around moving equipment and
vehicles.
i) blind spots
ii) site planning
iii) eye contact
iv) signaller

17
HEO-105 Tools and Equipment

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of tools and equipment, their applications, maintenance

and procedures for use.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

1.01 Maintains hand and power tools.

1.02 Maintains measuring and testing equipment.
1.03 Uses grade checking and tracking instruments.

Objectives and Content:

1. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to tools and
equipment.

2. Identify types of hand tools and describe their applications and procedures for
use.

3. Identify types of portable power tools and describe their applications and
procedures for use.

4. Identify types of measuring and testing equipment and describe their

applications and procedures for use.

5. Describe the procedures used to inspect, maintain and store tools and
equipment.

18
HEO-110 Hoisting and Rigging

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of hoisting and rigging equipment, their applications,

limitations and procedures for use.
- Demonstrate knowledge of basic hoisting and rigging techniques.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures used to perform hoisting operations.
- Demonstrate knowledge of calculations required when performing hoisting
operations.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

1.04 Uses riggings and lifting equipment.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with hoisting and rigging.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to hoisting and
rigging.

3. Interpret acts and regulations pertaining to hoisting and rigging.

i) training requirements
ii) Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

4. Identify types of rigging equipment and accessories, and describe their

applications, limitations and procedures for use.
i) ropes
ii) slings
iii) chains
iv) hooks
v) spreader bars
vi) shackles
vii) tag lines

5. Identify the factors to consider when selecting rigging equipment.

i) load characteristics
ii) environment
iii) safety factor

19
6. Identify the considerations when rigging material and equipment for hoisting.
i) load characteristics
ii) equipment and accessories
iii) environmental factors
iv) anchor points/attachment locations
v) sling angles
vi) machine capacity/load chart

7. Identify types of knots, hitches, and splices, and describe the procedures used to
tie them.
i) bowline
ii) running bowline
iii) square/reef
iv) half-hitch

8. Identify types of hoisting equipment and accessories, and describe their

applications and procedures for use.
i) come-alongs
ii) winches
iii) chainfalls

9. Describe the procedures used to inspect, maintain and store hoisting and rigging
equipment.

10. Describe the effect of sling angle on the working load limit (WLL) when
preparing for hoisting operations.
i) strain
ii) capacity

11. Describe the procedures used for attaching rigging equipment to the load.

12. Identify and interpret basic hand signals used for hoisting.

13. Identify and describe procedures used to communicate during hoisting and
rigging operations.
i) hand signals
ii) electronic communications
iii) audible/visual
14. Describe the procedures used to ensure the work area is safe for hoisting.

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15. Interpret the lift plan and describe the procedures used to perform a lift.
i) determine load weight and dimensions
ii) identify machine capacity
iii) determine rigging requirements
iv) determine communication methods
v) perform pre-lift checks
vi) determine placement of load
vii) perform lift
viii) perform post-lift inspection

21
HEO-115 Communication

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of effective communication practices.

- Demonstrate knowledge of communication equipment and their applications.
- Demonstrate knowledge of customer service techniques.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

2.04 Communicates with others.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with effective communication practices.

2. Describe effective communication practices.

i) clear, concise writing
ii) active listening
iii) questioning

3. Explain the importance of effective communication practices.

i) customers
ii) co-workers
iii) related industry people
- manufacturers
- suppliers
- consultants

4. Describe the factors and barriers that affect communication.

i) physiological (hearing loss)
ii) psychological (mood)
iii) site conditions (background noise, weather)

5. Identify the types of communication methods and equipment, and describe their
applications and etiquette.
i) verbal
ii) written
iii) hand signals
iv) body language

22
v) equipment
- cell/satellite phones
- 2-way radios
- horns
- emerging technologies

6. Explain the importance of the coaching and mentoring relationship between

journeyperson and apprentice.

7. Explain the importance of quality customer service, quality workmanship and

professionalism.
i) barriers to quality customer service
ii) customer needs and common methods for meeting them
iii) characteristics and importance of a positive attitude

8. Describe the methods used to interact with customers, address complaints and
resolve conflicts.

23
HEO-120 Survey Indicators – I

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of the use of basic survey equipment.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

3.03 Interprets survey indicators and data.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with surveying.

2. Interpret basic abbreviations, symbols and markings pertaining to surveying

found on stakes.
i) centerline
ii) offsets
iii) stations
iv) benchmarks
v) geodetic station

3. Identify types of grade checking and tracking instruments and describe their
applications.
i) string line
ii) auto level
- laser level
iii) measuring tapes
iv) surveyor’s level
v) hand/sight level

4. Identify types of stakes and describe their applications.

5. Describe the procedures used to verify survey grade elevation and location.
i) set-up instrument
ii) establish instrument height
iii) transfer information at job site

24
HEO-125 Slopes and Grades

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of slopes and grades.

- Demonstrate knowledge of calculating slope ratios and percentages.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

3.01 Checks grade.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with slopes and grades.

2. Interpret information pertaining to slopes and grades found on drawings and

specifications.

3. Identify types of measuring tools used to establish grade levels and describe their
applications and procedures for use.

4. Describe the procedures used to calculate the slope ratio or percentage.

5. Describe the procedures used to check grade.

25
HEO-130 Methods of Approach

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of methods of approach.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

3.04 Determines method of approach.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with methods of approach.

2. Identify hazards and safe work practices pertaining to determining methods of

approach.
i) underground obstacles
- gas lines
- water mains
- storm lines
- sewer lines
- communication lines
ii) overhead obstacles
- building protrusions
- roof overhangs
- overhead powerlines
- bridges and overpasses

3. Interpret drawings and specifications to determine methods of approach.

4. Identify considerations for machine selection and describe their limitations.

i) size
ii) dimensions
iii) capacity
iv) attachments

5. Identify types of methods of approach.

i) parallel
ii) perpendicular
iii) bench
iv) ramps

26
6. Identify the considerations used to determine methods of approach.
i) site conditions
- soil
- waterways
- terrain
ii) environmental conditions
iii) weather conditions
iv) traffic

27
HEO-135 Trade Related Documents

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of trade related documents and their use.

- Demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to prepare documentation.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

3.02 Uses documentation.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with trade related documents.

2. Interpret regulations and standards pertaining to the operation of heavy

equipment.
i) manufacturers’ recommendations
ii) Occupational Health and Safety requirements (OH&S)
iii) employer requirements/Safe Operating Procedures (SOP)

3. Identify types of trade related documents and describe their applications.

i) manufacturers’ specifications
ii) work orders
- change
- job
- material
iii) logbooks
- service / maintenance log
- daily work log
- time card
iv) pre / post-operation documentation
v) reports/forms
- hazard assessments/JSA
- accident / incident
- toolbox / tailgate meeting documents
- Worker’s Compensation
- equipment defect
vi) maintenance / service records

28
vii) stock / inventory records
- stockroom
- job site
- equipment

4. Describe the procedures used to complete trade related documents.

i) complete the information at the required intervals
ii) follow company policies, manufacturers’ specifications and
legislative/regulatory requirements

29
HEO-140 Soil Fundamentals

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of the types of soils suitable for construction and their
characteristics.
- Demonstrate knowledge of swelling and compaction principles and their
associated calculations.

Objectives and Content:

1. Describe soil characteristics.

i) load bearing
ii) density
iii) adhesion/cohesion
iv) shearing resistance
v) water resistance
vi) plasticity
vii) elasticity
viii) gradation
ix) texture
x) structure
xi) consistency
xii) colour

2. Identify soil types and describe their applications and characteristics.

i) cohesive
- clay
- silt
ii) granular
- sand
- gravel
iii) organic
- top soil

3. Describe methods used to determine soil suitability.

i) feel
ii) visual
iii) smell
iv) soil report
v) construction requirements/specifications

30
4. Identify types of aggregates and describe their characteristics and applications.

5. Explain swell and compaction factors and describe their associated calculations.

6. Describe the procedures used to control water.

i) dams and berms
ii) ditches and swales
iii) pumps

31
HEO-145 Introduction to Heavy Equipment

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of heavy equipment.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with heavy equipment used in various sectors of

the industry.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the operation of
heavy equipment.
i) tipping axis
ii) centre of gravity
iii) stability
iv) overhead obstructions
v) underground obstructions

3. Interpret acts and regulations pertaining to the use of heavy equipment.

i) licencing and permitting
ii) road regulations (highway traffic act)
iii) insurance requirements
iv) Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

4. Identify types of heavy equipment and describe their capabilities, advantages

and limitations.
i) tractor-loader-backhoes (TLBs)
ii) dozers
iii) excavators
- tracked
- wheeled
- other complimentary equipment
- skid steer
- compactors
- haulage truck
- loader
- grader

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HEO-150 Heavy Equipment Systems and Components

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of heavy equipment systems and components, and the

theory behind their function.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with heavy equipment systems and components.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the inspection
and operation of heavy equipment.

3. Identify types of heavy equipment systems and components, and describe their
applications, characteristics and limitations.
i) engine systems
- oil
- cooling
- fuel
- air induction
- exhaust (tier 4 emissions requirements)
ii) lubrication systems
iii) hydraulic systems
vi) drive systems
- transmission and final drive
- hydrostatic drive
v) track systems
vi) braking systems
vii) electrical systems
viii) ground engaging equipment and attachments
ix) steering systems

4. Explain the basic theory behind the function of heavy equipment systems and
components.

33
TLB-155 Scheduled and Preventative Maintenance

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of scheduled maintenance procedures.

- Demonstrate knowledge of preventative maintenance procedures.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

4.01 Maintains heavy equipment operator (TLB) station.

4.02 Maintains drive train systems, tires and rims.
4.03 Performs preventative maintenance.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with scheduled and preventative maintenance of

heavy equipment (TLB) and attachments.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the performance
of scheduled and preventative maintenance.

3. Interpret acts, regulations and manufacturers’ specifications pertaining to the

performance of scheduled and preventative maintenance.

4. Identify tools and equipment used to perform scheduled and preventative

maintenance, and describe their applications and procedures for use.

5. Identify systems and components that require scheduled and preventative

maintenance.
i) engine systems
- oil
- cooling
- fuel
- air induction
- exhaust (tier 4 emissions requirements)
ii) lubrication system
iii) hydraulic systems
iv) drive systems
- transmission and final drive
- hydrostatic drive
v) braking systems
vi) electrical systems
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vii) attachments and ground engaging components
viii) operator station
ix) drive train system
x) tires and rims
xi) steering systems

6. Describe the procedures used to maintain heavy equipment operator station.

7. Describe the procedures used to maintain heavy equipment drive train system,
tires and rims.

8. Describe the procedures used to maintain attachments used on heavy equipment

(TLB).

9. Describe the procedures used to perform preventative maintenance on heavy

equipment (TLB) systems.
i) check, change and fill oils and fluids
ii) clean and change filters
iii) grease fittings
iv) rotate and change teeth and cutting edges

35
HEO-160 Pre- and Post-Operational Inspections

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of pre-operational inspection procedures.

- Demonstrate knowledge of post-operational inspection procedures.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

5.01 Performs pre-operational inspections.

5.02 Performs post-operational inspections.
5.03 Completes daily equipment logbook.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with pre- and post-operational inspections.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to pre- and
post-operational inspections.

3. Interpret acts, regulations, manufacturers’ specifications and company policies

pertaining to pre- and post-operational inspections.

4. Identify systems and components that require pre- and post-operational

inspections.
i) engine compartment
ii) air intake / exhaust systems
iii) transmission system
iv) electrical system
v) hydraulic system
vi) braking system
vii) steering system
viii) ground engaging components and attachments
ix) drive train system
x) tires and rims
xi) operator station
xii) safety equipment
- seat belt
- wiper and washers (if equipped)
- horn
- backup alarm
- lights
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- first aid kit
- emergency shutdown and fire suppression system
- fire extinguisher

5. Identify the tools and equipment used to perform pre- and post-operational
inspections, and describe their applications and procedures for use.

6. Describe the procedures used to perform pre-operational inspections.

7. Describe the procedures used to perform post-operational inspections.

8. Describe the procedures used to complete daily equipment logbook during pre-
and post-operational inspections.

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TLB-165 Troubleshooting and Basic Repairs

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of basic troubleshooting techniques.

- Demonstrate knowledge of basic repair procedures.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

6.04 Troubleshoots equipment problems.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with troubleshooting and repairing heavy

equipment (TLB).

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to troubleshooting

and repairing heavy equipment (TLB).

3. Interpret policies and standards pertaining to troubleshooting and repairing

heavy equipment (TLB).
i) company policies
ii) manufacturers’ specifications
iii) operator’s repair limits as set out by regulation and legislation

4. Interpret information found on drawings and schematics pertaining to

troubleshooting and repairing heavy equipment (TLB).

5. Identify tools and equipment used to troubleshoot problems with heavy

equipment.

6. Identify tools and equipment used to perform basic repairs on heavy equipment.

7. Identify potential failures, symptoms and indicators of failure.

i) noise
ii) vibration
iii) odours
iv) cracks
v) leaks
vi) loss of performance
vii) unintended motions
viii) starting issues
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8. Describe the procedures used to troubleshoot problems with heavy equipment
(TLB).

9. Interpret codes and warning signs/symbols observed in the operator station.

10. Describe the procedures used to tow vehicles.

i) operational
ii) non-operational

11. Describe the procedures used to perform basic repairs on heavy equipment
(TLB).
i) change tires
ii) change teeth and cutting edges
iii) change hydraulic hose
iv) change fuel and air filters
v) replace fuses
vi) change grease fittings

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TLB-170 Attachments and Implements – I

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of standard heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and

implements.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures to remove and install standard heavy
equipment (TLB) attachments and implements.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

6.05 Installs attachments.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with standard heavy equipment (TLB)

attachments and implements used in various industries.
i) road building
ii) heavy construction
iii) land clearing

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the installation,
operation and removal of standard heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and
implements.

3. Interpret acts, regulations, manufacturers’ specifications and company policies

pertaining to the use of standard heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and
implements.

4. Identify tools and equipment used to install and remove standard attachments
and implements, and describe their applications and procedures for use.

5. Identify types of standard heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and implements,

and describe their applications and limitations.
i) stingers
ii) 4-in-1 buckets
iii) blades
iv) sweepers
v) rock breakers
vi) forks

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vii) hoe packs
viii) grinders
ix) packers

6. Describe the procedures used to communicate with the operator when installing
and using standard attachments and implements.

7. Describe the procedures used to install and remove standard heavy equipment
(TLB) attachments and implements.

8. Describe the procedures used to maintain standard heavy equipment (TLB)

attachments and implements.

9. Describe the procedures used to operate heavy equipment (TLB) equipped with
standard attachments and implements.

41
HEO-175 Transportation of Equipment

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures to load and unload equipment,

attachments and implements for transportation.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

7.01 Prepares equipment for transportation.

7.02 Loads equipment and attachments for transportation.
7.03 Assists in securing equipment for transportation.
7.04 Unloads equipment and attachments.
7.05 Drives equipment on roads.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with loading/unloading and transportation of

equipment.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the

loading/unloading and transportation of equipment.

3. Interpret acts and regulations pertaining to loading/unloading and

transportation of equipment.
i) licencing and permitting
ii) road regulations

4. Identify requirements pertaining to loading/unloading and transportation of

equipment.
i) signage
- slow vehicle
- over dimensions
- dangerous goods placards
ii) lighting
- beacons
- 4-way flashers
- escort vehicle
iii) cleaning of debris
5. Identify considerations when preparing equipment for transportation.
i) types of trailer and their limitations
ii) height, weight and width of equipment
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iii) weight and size of attachments and implements
iv) position of equipment on trailer
v) changes to centre of gravity
vi) securement

6. Describe the procedures used to prepare equipment for transportation.

i) clean equipment
ii) remove attachments, implements and components as required
iii) install planking
iv) rigging and hoisting

7. Describe the procedures used to load equipment, attachments, implements and

components for transportation.

8. Describe the procedures used to secure equipment, attachments, implements and

components for transportation.

9. Describe the procedures used to unload equipment, attachments, implements

and components.

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HEO-180 Equipment Operation Safety

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of hazards and conditions pertaining to the operation of

heavy equipment.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures to safely operate heavy equipment.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

2.01 Assesses potential hazards.

6.06 Performs emergency procedures.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with the safe operation of heavy equipment.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the operation of
heavy equipment.
i) personal
- physiological states
- psychological states
- operational malpractice
- operating unsafe equipment
- operating equipment unsafely
- training
ii) workplace
- weight restrictions on infrastructure
- bridges
- false work
- dock/wharf
- parking garages
- enclosed areas
- underground work
- stability of excavations and trenches
- utilities
- site traffic and personnel
iii) equipment
- mechanical failures
- machine capacity
- machine stability
- hot surfaces
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- pressurized components
- rotating components
- crushing/pinching
iv) weather conditions
v) soil conditions

3. Interpret acts, regulations, requirements and policies pertaining to the safe

operation of heavy equipment.
i) federal
ii) provincial/territorial
iii) municipal
iv) manufacturers’ specifications
v) company policies

4. Identify safe operating clearances.

i) overhead/underground
ii) sides
iii) forward
iv) rearward

5. Identify the conditions to be considered when determining equipment operating

clearances.
i) configuration
- extended
- retracted
ii) attachments
iii) extensions
iv) swing and reach
v) height and reach restriction devices
vi) centre of gravity
- tipping axis

6. Identify information required before digging.

i) work permits
ii) locates
iii) hazard assessment / JSA
iv) soil analysis

45
7. Describe the procedures used to safely shut down and secure heavy equipment.
i) ground elevated equipment
ii) block elevated equipment
iii) use parking brakes/wheel chocks
iv) chain or secure non-operational components
v) emergency procedures

46
HEO-185 Environmental Protection – I

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of methods to minimize environmental impacts.

- Demonstrate knowledge of spill control techniques.
- Demonstrate knowledge of sediment control techniques.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

2.05 Performs spill control procedures.

2.06 Performs sediment control procedures.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with environmental protection.

2. Identify environmental hazards and describe safe work practices and equipment.
i) personal
ii) workplace
iii) surroundings
iv) equipment

3. Interpret acts and regulations pertaining to the protection of the environment.

i) Fisheries Act
ii) Environmental Protection Act
iii) jurisdictional legislation
- water
- natural resources

4. Explain environmental impacts as they relate to the use of heavy equipment.

i) emissions
ii) pollution
- soil
- air
- water
- noise
iii) sedimentation
- effects on plants and wildlife/fish
- effects on waterways

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iv) spills
- fuel/oil
- contaminated sites

5. Identify types and sources of spills or leaks.

i) broken or leaking lines
ii) mechanical failures
iii) sewage
iv) chlorination and flushing
v) improper storage and handling of fuels and oils

6. Describe the procedures used to prevent and control spills.

7. Describe the procedures used to clean-up spills.

8. Identify methods used to control sediment.

i) divert water
ii) provide filtration
- silt fences
- filter cloths
- hay bales
iii) apply surface protection
- mulch/straw
- erosion control blankets
- sod

9. Describe the procedures used to minimize impacts on the environment.

i) soil
ii) air
iii) water
iv) noise

48
TLB-190 Tractor-Loader-Backhoes (TLB) – I

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of tractor-loader-backhoes (TLBs) and their attachments

and components.
- Demonstrate knowledge of standard procedures to operate tractor-loader-
backhoes (TLBs).

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

6.01 Maintains control of equipment.

6.02 Positions equipment for task.
6.03 Monitors performance of equipment.
6.06 Performs emergency procedures.
6.08 Performs cut and fill operations.
6.09 Clears snow and ice.
8.01 Places material.
8.02 Excavates trenches and ditches.
8.03 Backfills trenches and excavations.
8.04 Loads trucks.
8.06 Stockpiles material.
8.07 Performs clean-up operations.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with TLBs.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the operation of
TLBs.
i) personal
- three-point contact
ii) worksite
- emergency procedures
- lock-out and tag-out
- site traffic and personnel
iii) work environment (surroundings)
iv) equipment

49
3. Interpret acts and regulations pertaining to the operation of TLBs.
i) licencing and permitting
ii) road regulations
iii) restrictions
iv) Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

4. Identify types of TLBs and describe their applications, characteristics and

limitations.

5. Identify the components of TLBs.

6. Identify considerations when operating TLBs.

i) road/site conditions
- slopes
- rough terrain
- soil stability
ii) centre of gravity
- tipping axis
iii) pinch points
iv) obstacles
- powerlines
- utilities
- bridges
- over/underpasses
- culverts
v) visibility
vi) machine limitations
- configuration
- stability
vii) right-of-way

7. Describe the procedures used to operate TLBs.

i) pre-start
ii) start up
iii) cycle controls/warm up
iv) equipment control
- adjustments
- centre of gravity
- clearances
- gear selection/shifting
- ride control
- manoeuvring
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v) performance monitoring
vi) positioning for work
- set-up location
- stabilization
vii) basic functions
- raise and lower loader bucket
- curl and dump loader bucket
- lower stabilizers
- raise and lower backhoe boom
- extend and retract dipper stick
- extend and retract telescopic dipper stick
- engage float function
- engage automatic leveller (return to dig function)
- pre-set height kick-out
- curl and dump backhoe bucket
- engage/disengage the boom lock
- swing backhoe boom
- engage auxiliary functions
- travel (forward, reverse and steer)
viii) parking
- lower bucket
- apply park brake
- lock-out hydraulics
- centre and secure hoe
- release hydraulic pressure
ix) shut down
- position
- parking
- cool down
- securing

8. Describe the procedures used to dig, carry and stockpile materials using TLBs.

9. Describe the procedures used to excavate trenches and excavations using TLBs.

10. Describe the procedures used to backfill trenches and excavations using TLBs.

11. Describe the procedures used to perform standard cut and fill operations using
TLBs.

12. Describe the procedures used to perform clean-up operations using TLBs.

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13. Describe the procedures used to clear land using TLBs.
i) stumps
ii) brush
iii) roots

14. Describe the procedures used to load haulage units using TLBs.
i) front end attachment
ii) rear attachment

15. Describe the procedures used to push and remove snow and ice using TLBs.

16. Describe the procedures used to operate TLBs on roads.

17. Describe the procedures used when travelling with TLBs.

18. Identify methods of communication used when operating TLBs.

19. Explain the importance of quality workmanship and professionalism when using
TLBs.

20. Describe the procedures used to place materials using TLBs.

21. Describe the procedures used to install and uninstall standard attachments used
with TLBs.

22. Describe the procedures used to operate and maintain standard attachments
used with TLBs.

23. Describe the procedures used to lift materials using TLBs (basic hoisting).
i) lightweight
ii) simple rigging
iii) basic calculations

52
LEVEL 2
HEO-200 Survey Indicators – II

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of survey indicators and data interpretation.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

3.03 Interprets survey indicators and data.

Objectives and Content:

1. Identify types of specialized measuring tools used to establish grade levels and
describe their applications and procedures for use.
i) Global Positioning System (GPS)
ii) emerging technologies
iii) auto and laser levels

2. Describe the procedures used to read and record survey grade stake information.

3. Describe the procedures used to transfer survey grade stake information.

4. Describe the procedures used to set-up and use grade checking and tracking
instruments.
i) string lines
ii) auto level
- laser levels
iii) measuring tapes
iv) boning rods

55
HEO-205 Drawings and Plans

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of drawings and plans and their applications.

- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures to interpret and extract information
from drawings and plans.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

3.02 Uses documentation.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with drawings and plans.

2. Identify types of drawings.

i) civil
ii) mechanical
iii) structural
iv) sketches

3. Describe applications of civil drawings and site plans.

i) utility
ii) road building
iii) marine
iv) land clearing
v) pipeline

4. Identify the views found on drawings.

i) plan
ii) profile
iii) section

5. Identify the parts of a drawing and describe their purpose and applications.
i) lines
ii) legend
iii) symbols and abbreviations
iv) title block
v) notes and specifications
vi) orientation

56
6. Describe metric and imperial systems of measurement.

7. Interpret and extract information from drawings and specifications.

i) method of approach
ii) profile of aggregate types
iii) material requirements

57
TLB-210 Attachments and Implements – II

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of specialized heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and

implements.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures to remove and install specialized
heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and implements.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

4.04 Performs basic maintenance on attachments.

6.05 Installs attachments.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with specialized heavy equipment (TLB)

attachments and implements used in the road building, heavy construction and
land clearing industries.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the installation,
operation and removal of specialized heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and
implements.

3. Interpret acts, regulations, manufacturers’ specifications and company policies

pertaining to the use of specialized heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and
implements.

4. Identify tools and equipment used to install and remove specialized attachments
and implements, and describe their applications and procedures for use.

5. Identify types of specialized heavy equipment (TLB) attachments and

implements, and describe their applications and limitations.
i) grapples
ii) snowblowers
iii) shears
iv) clam buckets
v) shouldering machine

6. Describe the procedures used to install and remove specialized heavy equipment
(TLB) attachments and implements.

58
7. Describe the procedures used to maintain specialized heavy equipment (TLB)
attachments and implements.

8. Describe the procedures used to operate heavy equipment (TLB) equipped with
specialized attachments and implements.

59
HEO-215 Environmental Protection – II

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures to stabilize soil.

- Demonstrate knowledge of the procedures to control sedimentation.

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

2.06 Performs sediment control procedures.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with sedimentation and soil stabilization.

2. Identify workplace hazards and describe safe work practices and equipment
pertaining to sedimentation and soil stabilization.
i) personal
ii) workplace
iii) environmental
iv) equipment

3. Interpret acts and regulations pertaining to the protection of the environment.

i) Fisheries Act
ii) Environmental Protection Act

4. Describe the procedures used to stabilize soil.

i) maintain existing vegetation
ii) use erosion control blankets
iii) place rock on unstable slopes
iv) install riprap/gabions
v) leave buffer zones

5. Describe the procedures used to control sediment.

i) divert water
ii) provide filtration
- silt fences
- filter cloths
- hay bales

60
iii) apply surface protection
- mulch/straw
- erosion control blankets
- sod

61
TLB-220 Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB) – II

Learning Outcomes:

- Demonstrate knowledge of tractor-loader-backhoes (TLBs) and their attachments

and components.
- Demonstrate knowledge of specialized procedures to operate tractor-loader-
backhoes (TLBs).

2015 National Occupational Analysis Reference:

6.05 Installs attachments.

6.06 Performs emergency procedures.
6.08 Performs cut and fill operations.
8.01 Places material.
8.05 Lifts material.

Objectives and Content:

1. Define terminology associated with TLBs.

2. Identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to the operation of
TLBs.
i) personal
- three-point contact
ii) worksite
- emergency procedures
- lock-out and tag-out
- site traffic and personnel
iii) environment
iv) equipment

3. Interpret acts and regulations pertaining to the operation of TLBs.

i) licencing and permitting
ii) road regulations
iii) restrictions
iv) Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

4. Describe the procedures used to install and uninstall specialized attachments

used with TLBs.

62
5. Describe the procedures used to operate and maintain specialized attachments
used with TLBs.

6. Describe the procedures used to place and spread materials in lifts, while
maintaining grade according to indicators, using TLBs.

7. Describe the procedures used to perform cut and fill operations, while
maintaining grade according to indicators, using TLBs.

8. Describe the procedures used to lift material using TLBs (advanced hoisting).
i) load chart calculations
ii) maximum lifting capacity
iii) advanced rigging

9. Describe the procedures used to support clean-up activities on demolition sites

using TLBs.

10. Describe the procedures used to backfill trenches and excavations where utilities
and other obstructions exist, using TLBs.

11. Describe the procedures used to segregate and stockpile materials using TLBs.

12. Describe the procedures used to excavate trenches, while maintaining grade
according to indicators, using TLBs.

13. Explain the importance of quality workmanship and professionalism when using
TLBs.

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