PRISMA 2020 Checklist

Location
Section and Item
Checklist item where item is
Topic #
reported
TITLE
Title 1 Identify the report as a systematic review. Page 1 (Line
1-2)
ABSTRACT
Abstract 2 See the PRISMA 2020 for Abstracts checklist. Page 3 (Line
56-84)
INTRODUCTION
Rationale 3 Describe the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge. Page 4 (Line
110-114)
Objectives 4 Provide an explicit statement of the objective(s) or question(s) the review addresses. Page 2 (Line
41-54)
METHODS
Eligibility criteria 5 Specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review and how studies were grouped for the syntheses. Page 5 (Line
122-132)
Information 6 Specify all databases, registers, websites, organisations, reference lists and other sources searched or consulted to identify studies. Specify Page 5 (Line
sources the date when each source was last searched or consulted. 134-144)
Search strategy 7 Present the full search strategies for all databases, registers and websites, including any filters and limits used. Supplementary
Table 2
Selection process 8 Specify the methods used to decide whether a study met the inclusion criteria of the review, including how many reviewers screened each Supplementary
record and each report retrieved, whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process. Table 3
Data collection 9 Specify the methods used to collect data from reports, including how many reviewers collected data from each report, whether they worked Page 6 (Line
process independently, any processes for obtaining or confirming data from study investigators, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in 146-53)
the process.
Data items 10a List and define all outcomes for which data were sought. Specify whether all results that were compatible with each outcome domain in each Page 7 (Line
study were sought (e.g. for all measures, time points, analyses), and if not, the methods used to decide which results to collect. 185-194)
10b List and define all other variables for which data were sought (e.g. participant and intervention characteristics, funding sources). Describe any Page 6 (Line
assumptions made about any missing or unclear information. 155-176)
Study risk of bias 11 Specify the methods used to assess risk of bias in the included studies, including details of the tool(s) used, how many reviewers assessed Page 7 (Line
assessment each study and whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process. 178-182)
Effect measures 12 Specify for each outcome the effect measure(s) (e.g. risk ratio, mean difference) used in the synthesis or presentation of results. Page 7 (Line
197-204)
Synthesis 13a Describe the processes used to decide which studies were eligible for each synthesis (e.g. tabulating the study intervention characteristics Page 7-8 (Line
methods and comparing against the planned groups for each synthesis (item #5)). 206-212)
13b Describe any methods required to prepare the data for presentation or synthesis, such as handling of missing summary statistics, or data Page 8 (Line
conversions. 200-04)
13c Describe any methods used to tabulate or visually display results of individual studies and syntheses. Page 8 (Line
215-17)
13d Describe any methods used to synthesize results and provide a rationale for the choice(s). If meta-analysis was performed, describe the Page 8 (Line
PRISMA 2020 Checklist

Location
Section and Item
Checklist item where item is
Topic #
reported
model(s), method(s) to identify the presence and extent of statistical heterogeneity, and software package(s) used. 215-19)
13e Describe any methods used to explore possible causes of heterogeneity among study results (e.g. subgroup analysis, meta-regression). Page 8 (Line
212-15)
13f Describe any sensitivity analyses conducted to assess robustness of the synthesized results. Page 8 (Line
217-220)
Reporting bias 14 Describe any methods used to assess risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis (arising from reporting biases). Page 8 (Line
assessment 219-220)
Certainty 15 Describe any methods used to assess certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for an outcome. Page 8 (Line
assessment 217-218)
RESULTS
Study selection 16a Describe the results of the search and selection process, from the number of records identified in the search to the number of studies included Supplementary
in the review, ideally using a flow diagram. File 1 Figure 1
16b Cite studies that might appear to meet the inclusion criteria, but which were excluded, and explain why they were excluded. Supplementary
File 1 Table 1
Study 17 Cite each included study and present its characteristics. Supplementary
characteristics File 1 Table 4
Risk of bias in 18 Present assessments of risk of bias for each included study. Supplementary
studies File 1 table 5
Results of 19 For all outcomes, present, for each study: (a) summary statistics for each group (where appropriate) and (b) an effect estimate and its Supplementary
individual studies precision (e.g. confidence/credible interval), ideally using structured tables or plots. File 1 Figure 3-
4
Results of 20a For each synthesis, briefly summarise the characteristics and risk of bias among contributing studies. Supplementary
syntheses File 1 Table 5
20b Present results of all statistical syntheses conducted. If meta-analysis was done, present for each the summary estimate and its precision Supplementary
(e.g. confidence/credible interval) and measures of statistical heterogeneity. If comparing groups, describe the direction of the effect. File 1 Figure 3-
4
Supplementary
File 2-3
20c Present results of all investigations of possible causes of heterogeneity among study results.
20d Present results of all sensitivity analyses conducted to assess the robustness of the synthesized results. Supplementary
Figure 3-4
Reporting biases 21 Present assessments of risk of bias due to missing results (arising from reporting biases) for each synthesis assessed. Supplementary
Table 5
Certainty of 22 Present assessments of certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for each outcome assessed. Supplementary
evidence Figure 3-4
DISCUSSION
Discussion 23a Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence. Page 10-4
(Line 327-411)
PRISMA 2020 Checklist

Location
Section and Item
Checklist item where item is
Topic #
reported
23b Discuss any limitations of the evidence included in the review. Page 15 (Line
421-431)
23c Discuss any limitations of the review processes used. Page 15 (Line
421-431)
23d Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy, and future research. Page 14-15
(Line 414-19)
OTHER INFORMATION
Registration and 24a Provide registration information for the review, including register name and registration number, or state that the review was not registered. Page 5 (Line
protocol 142-44)
24b Indicate where the review protocol can be accessed, or state that a protocol was not prepared. Page 5 (Line
143)
24c Describe and explain any amendments to information provided at registration or in the protocol. NA
Support 25 Describe sources of financial or non-financial support for the review, and the role of the funders or sponsors in the review. Page 15 (Line
446)
Competing 26 Declare any competing interests of review authors. Page 15 (Line
interests 445)
Availability of 27 Report which of the following are publicly available and where they can be found: template data collection forms; data extracted from included Page 16 (Line
data, code and studies; data used for all analyses; analytic code; any other materials used in the review. 447-448)
other materials

From: Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71
For more information, visit: http://www.prisma-statement.org/