SCIENCE
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 4:
Biodiversity
Week 4
SDO Taguig City and Pateros
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be helped to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Let’s Learn
This module will introduce you to the concept of biodiversity, specifically the
variety of organisms living on Earth. This will discuss how they are classified and
named. It will also show the similarities and differences of these organisms. It will
describe the different groups to which these organisms belong.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the concept of species;
2. identify the levels of biodiversity as the basis for classifying organisms;
3. identify the different level in the hierarchical taxonomic system of classification;
and
4. make a concept map to classify organisms using the hierarchical system.
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Let’s Try
PRE-TEST
Directions: Read and answer the following questions carefully. Choose the
letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is not a type of biodiversity?
A. Ecosystem biodiversity C. Population biodiversity
B. Genetic biodiversity D. Species biodiversity
2. Which of the following level of biodiversity is related to genes?
A. Ecosystem biodiversity C. Population biodiversity
B. Genetic biodiversity D. Species biodiversity
3. What do you call a group of living organisms that share similar characteristics
and can reproduce their own kind?
A. Ecosystem B. Genetics C. Population D. Species
4. What level of biodiversity consists large number of organisms all in different
kinds, shapes, colors, and sizes?
A. Ecosystem biodiversity C. Population biodiversity
B. Genetic biodiversity D. Species biodiversity
5. Which statement is NOT TRUE about eukaryotes?
A. All animals are eukaryotes.
B. Eukaryotes include plants, fungi, and protists.
C. Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any
membrane-encased organelles.
D. Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound
nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles.
6. The scientific name for domesticated cat is Felis catus. What classification of
organism does Felis represent?
A. Family B. Genus C. Order D. Species
7. What classification of organism does familiaris in Canis familiaris represent?
B. Family B. Genus C. Order D. Species
8. Which of the following is arranged correctly from largest to smallest category of
organisms?
A. Domain > kingdom > class > phylum > order > family > species > genus
B. Domain > kingdom > phylum > class > order > family > species > genus
C. Domain > kingdom > phylum > class > order > family > genus > species
D. Domain > phylum > class > kingdom > order > family > genus > species
9. Which would be the best example of organisms that have been classified by a
similarity in structure?
A. dog, fox, wolf C. antelope, deer, rabbit
B. bear, rabbit, coyote D. cat, horse, dog
10. What is the language used for scientific names?
A. English B. Greek C. Roman D. Latin
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11. Which kingdom would a multicellular green food-producer be placed?
A. Animal B. Fungi C. Plant D. Protist
12. Which of the following is true about binomial nomenclature?
A. It is composed of two names.
B. It is a way used to classify organisms.
C. It is a unique name given on organisms.
D. All of the above.
13. Which of these organisms would seem to be most closely related?
1. Canis familiaris
2. Mephitis mephitis
3. Canis lupus
4. Panthera pardus
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4
14. Which of the following is the HIGHEST level of the classification hierarchy?
A. Domain B. Family C. Genus D. Phylum
15. What is the major difference between plants and animals?
A. Plants do not need air.
B. Plants can make their own food.
C. Plants do not respond to stimuli.
D. Plants cannot move on their own.
You may answer this test online! Visit the link below:
https://forms.gle/qwWwLXHF93dvfWGfA
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Lesson Species and Taxonomic
1 System of Classification
Let’s Recall
Direction: Complete the table to classify the organisms according to habitat.
penguin tree bee squid birds
shark bear corals man dog
tiger whale fish snake rose
Land Habitat Aquatic Habitat
Let’s Explore
Activity 1
Group these organisms!
Materials Needed:
pictures of organisms, pencil or ballpen, sheet of paper
Procedure:
1. Look at the organisms in the pictures and identify their characteristics.
2. Divide the organisms into four groups according to the identified
characteristics.
3. Complete the table below by listing down the organisms and their
characteristics.
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Figure 3: Sampaguita plant Figure 4: Sparrow
Figure 1: Owl Figure 2: Bee
Figure 5: Bangus
Figure 6: Mango tree Figure 7: Spider
Figure 9: Tilapia Figure 10: Ant
Figure 8: Pigeon
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Organisms
Common
Characteristics
Questions:
1. What factors did you consider in classifying the organisms?
2. Why do scientists need to group organisms?
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Let’s Elaborate
The Concept of Species
Species is commonly defined as a group of similar organisms living in an area
and can reproduce their own kind. However, it cannot be applied to species that are
geographically isolated and species that undergoes asexual reproduction. Therefore,
different concepts about species are developed.
• Biological species concept states that a species is a group of actually or
potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated
from other such groups.
• Lineage species concept defines species as groups of organisms that share a
pattern of ancestry and descent and which form a single branch on the tree of life.
• Morphological species concept relies on morphological data and emphasizes
groups of physical traits that are unique to each species.
To learn more about the concept of species, watch this link:
https://youtu.be/9fOfFlMe6ek
Levels of Biodiversity
Biodiversity, also called as biological diversity, refers to the variety of living
species on Earth, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. The three levels of
biodiversity are genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity, and species diversity.
Genetic Diversity Ecosystem Diversity Species Diversity
- It is the total number of - It is the variation in the - It consists of the large
genetic characteristics in ecosystems found in a number and all different
the genetic makeup of a region or the variation in kinds, shapes, colors, and
species. ecosystems over the sizes of organisms that
whole planet. inhabit the Earth.
Classifying and Naming Organisms
• Organisms are grouped into different classifications: the domain, kingdom,
phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. These are ranked from
largest to smallest group.
• For any organism identified, a scientific name is given. It is composed of two
parts: genus and species, in the Latin language and are italicized. This way of
naming organisms is referred to as the binomial nomenclature.
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Domains and Kingdoms
Living organisms are classified into three domains and six kingdoms:
LIVING ORGANISMS
are grouped by:
cell type, number of cells and ability to obtain food
divided into 3 domains
ARCHAEA EUKARYA BACTERIA
prokaryote, eukaryote, mostly prokaryote,
unicellular, multicellular, unicellular,
autotrophs and autotrophs and autotrophs and
heterotrophs heterotrophs heterotrophs
into 1 kingdom into 1 kingdom
ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA
into 4 kingdoms
PLANTS PROTIST
ANIMALS FUNGI
Vocabulary:
• Archaea Domain. Archaea often live-in extreme environments, such as boiling
water and thermal vents, or under conditions with no oxygen or highly acidic
surroundings.
• Bacteria Domain. Bacteria include other bacteria that are found everywhere.
Their cell walls are different from archaea because they are made up of
peptidoglycan.
• Prokaryotes. These are organisms with cells that have no nucleus.
• Eukaryotes. These are organisms with cells that have nucleus.
• Autotrophs. These are organisms that can make their own food.
• Heterotrophs. These are organisms that cannot make their own food.
• Unicellular. These organisms are made of only one cell.
• Multicellular. These organisms are made of more than one cell.
To learn more about how organisms are classified, watch this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnvlMlopu2A
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Let’s Dig In
Direction: Use the dichotomous key provided to complete the table below
about the 6 kingdoms of life.
NUMBER OF ABILITY TO
CELL TYPE
CELL OBTAIN FOOD
KINGDOM (Prokaryotic /
(Unicellular / (Autotrophic /
Eukaryotic)
Multicellular) Heterotrophic)
Archaebacteria both
Eubacteria both
mostly
Fungi
multicellular
mostly
Protist (Protista) both
unicellular
Plant (Plantae)
Animal (Animalia)
KEY:
KINGDOM
prokaryotic eukaryotic
unicellular multicellular multicellular unicellular
/ mostly / mostly
multicellular unicellular
ARCHAEABACTERIA EUBACTERIA
PROTIST
heterotroph autotroph
FUNGI ANIMAL PLANT
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Let’s Remember
A. Direction: Complete the inverted pyramid by listing down the levels of
classification of organisms from largest to smallest category.
B. Direction: Complete the graph about the taxonomic system of classification of
organisms.
LIVING ORGANISM
Domains
Kingdoms
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Let’s Apply
Knowing Organisms Around Us
Direction: List down 5 organisms that are commonly found in your community and
identify its scientific name.
Let’s Evaluate
POST TEST
Directions: Read and answer the following questions carefully. Choose the
letter of the correct answer.
1. Which among the following is the most specific category of classification?
A. Class B. Family C. Order D. Species
2. What is the taxon directly below Order?
A. Class B. Family C. Kingdom D. Phylum
3. How many words are there in a scientific name?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. What do you call the way of naming organisms?
A. Systematics C. Binomial Nomenclature
B. Scientific name D. None of the above
5. What are the levels of classification from smallest to largest?
A. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, genus, species
B. Species, genus, order, family, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
C. Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
D. Domain, kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, genus, species
6. Which of the following pairs of organisms are most likely related
taxonomically?
A. Mushroom and banana tree C. Starfish and clam
B. Spider and lobster D. Crayfish and frog
7. What domain are organisms with prokaryotic cells classified?
A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Both A and B
8. Which statement best describes the animal kingdom?
A. Members are single celled.
B. Members can produce their own food.
C. Members are multicellular and heterotrophic in nature.
D. None of the above.
9. How many levels of classification are there in hierarchical taxonomy?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
10. What kingdom does human belongs to?
A. Animalia B. Fungi C. Plantae D. Protista
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11. What 2 levels of taxa make up an organisms’ scientific name?
A. Genus and species C. Domain and kingdom
B. Family and order D. Class and genus
12. Which of the following styles is applied in writing a scientific name?
A. Italics C. Bold and underlined
B. All capital letters D. All of the above
13. What do you call a group of living organisms that share similar characteristics
and can reproduce their own kind?
A. Ecology B. Ecosystem C. Genetics D. Species
14. Which of the following is the largest category in classification of organisms?
A. Class B. Domain C. Kingdom D. Phylum
15. Which of the following organisms can survive the greatest extremes in
temperature?
A. Archaebacteria B. Eubacteria C. Fungi D. Protista
You may answer this test online! Visit the link below:
https://forms.gle/9mjgQ7XpzT13P4Xc8
Let’s Extend
Answer this: Why do we give names using binomial nomenclature as those
animals already have a given name?
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References:
Book
DepEd. Grade 8 Science Learner’s Module, (2013). Philippines: Vibal Publishing
House, Inc.
Internet
2.1 Species Concepts. (2021). Retrieved from
https://bio.libretexts.org/@go/page/35629
Bailey, Regina. (2021). Taxonomy and Organism Classification. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/taxonomy-373415
Genetic Diversity (2021). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetic_diversity&oldid=1016353434
MCQS on species and ecosystem diversity. (2021) Retrieved from
https://engineeringinterviewquestions.com/mcqs-on-species-and-ecosystem-
diversity-and-
answers/#:~:text=Clarification%3A%20Ecological%20diversity%20is%20the,ecosyst
ems%20over%20the%20whole%20planet.
Image credits
Figure 1. Photograph by Charles J. Sharp, distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 /
grayscale from original
Figure 2. Photograph by Epgui, distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 / grayscale from
original
Figure 3. Photograph by Lito Dela Casa, via Flickr / grayscale from original
Figure 4. Photograph by Laitche / grayscale from original
Figure 5. Public Domain Mark 1.0 / grayscale from original
Figure 6. Photograph by Avinashsatamraju, distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 /
grayscale from original
Figure 7. Photograph by Benedikt, via Flickr / grayscale from original
Figure 8. Photograph by J. M. Garg, distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0 / grayscale
from original
Figure 9. Public Domain Mark 1.0 / grayscale from original
Figure 10. Photograph by Ryan Hodnett, distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 / grayscale
from original
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Development Team of the
Module
Writer: Jayson F. Antones - GRPMHS-Main, Teacher 1
Content Evaluator:
Minerva M. Contreras, MT II
Janeth G. Mamansag, MT II
Robeemane B. Balisi, T III
Jenny G. Belza, T II
Mary Anne G. Camba, T I
Agape Grace D. Riveza, T II
Language Evaluator: Bryan V. Gaviola – GRPMHS-Main, T II
Reviewer: Rian A. Loriega - GRPMHS-Main, HT III
Illustrator: Jayson F. Antones – GRPMHS-Main, T I
Layout Artist: Align Laurence P. Maravillas – GRPMHS-Main, T II
Adam Y. Arbuis – GRPMHS-Main, T I
Hybrid Module Team:
Dr. Meleda Polita – Team Leader
Dr. Rea Milana-Cruz – (School Principal IV – WBNHS)
Jayar E. Longasa – WBNHS, MT I
Management Team:
Dr. Margarito B. Materum - Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. George P. Tizon - SGOD – Chief
Dr. Ellery G. Quintia - CID- Chief
Dr. Marivic T. Almo - Science – Education Program Supervisor
Dr. Daisy L. Mataac - LRMS – Education Program Supervisor
For inquiries, please write or call:
Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros, Upper Bicutan, Taguig City
Telefax: 8384251
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