TIDEL PARK Located in Taramani, the gateway to the cyber-corridor in Tamil Nadu, Tidel Park is the largest technology

park of its kind in Asia. Built with the objective of providing a 'plug-andplay' facility to IT firms, it is spread over 1.2 million square feet. It represents an architecturally modern, Intelligent Building Complex, designed by Architects C. R. Narayana Rao. The building management system has been designed, implemented and commissioned by RACE India. According to R. Suresh of RACE India, buildings are no longer simply "working environments". They are integral to business operations. Competitiveness depends on building performance. Building Automation System, with a high-level of system integration, has been executed at Tidel Park. The Integrated Building Management System, at Tidel, ensures comfort and safety for the tenants, by controlling and managing the air-conditioners, lifts, access control systems and all plant and machinery installed. The Tidel Park building has all the attributes of a smart building namely:
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Energy Management Systems - Airconditioning, ventilation, smoke exhaust systems, heat recovery units and chillers with Thermal Energy Storage tanks and water management systems. Life Safety Measures - Fire detection, access control, Closed Circuit Television Cameras(CCTV). Telecommunication Systems and Office Automation Systems - UPS, EPABX, Public Address system and channelled music system.

The IBMS control room is the nerve centre of the whole building. It houses 10 workstations including an NT server, a 100 mb ethernet link and 12 CCTV monitors. The nerve centre is fed with power from a 60 Kva UPS from the IBMS network room. The network room also houses the EPABX, Public Address System racks and the distribution panels for the UPS. All the IBMS controllers and sensors are supported on the central UPS by a network of 4 bus ducts. The UPS also feeds the fire alarm and access system. The EPABX system handles more than 200 lines and is integrated with the fire alarm and voice paging on the Public Address System. Voice paging and alarm messaging are features integrated with the fire alarm and building maintenance system The Integrated Building Management System at Tidel saves real money by :

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Reducing energy consumption, through scheduled operations of chillers and pumps for optimal wear and tear. Freeing the staff for other duties Improving the building environment Enhancing the efficiency of operation Increasing the comfort level of employees and Extending the life of capital equipment Highlights

More than 3,500 fire alarm sensors Over 40 barriers and turnstiles, for access control and security Entry, only by smart cards Over 72 CCTV cameras for 24 hours monitoring Escalators connecting common area 19 large capacity high speed lifts and heavy duty service lifts for vertical transportation The Thermal Energy Storage tank has a capacity of 24,000 Thermal Hours. This system is the third largest in the world Pre-wired offices with 20 MBPS links, digital exchange phone lines and communication networks through Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd- Department of Tele-communication (VSNL-DoT) and Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) 16 underground sumps and overhead tanks. Associated pumps are monitored and automated to ensure that the tenants' taps do not run dry

Intelligent Building: A New Concept for Building Construction

Madam Swati Jain (B.S,M.S,Phdcc) Chairperson, Swati Jain College Indore

Abstract

This paper discusses about design of Intelligent Building- a concept recently developed for making building cost and energy efficient. The paper discusses various aspects of Intelligent Building design, selection of equipment for energy saving, IBMS, various controls/services under IBMS, energy management through IBMS, security, access controls, cost saving for an intelligent building.

Introduction

Engineers, architects and interior designers often use the phrase "intelligent building" to mean an office building with telecommunications that allow rapid reconfiguration of the interior layout for
a client. When engineers say a building is intelligent, they often mean that computer programs coordinate many building subsystems to regulate the interior temperatures HVAC and providing power. The goal is usually to reduce the operating cost of the building while maintaining the desired environment for the occupants. Commercial-off-the-shelf Building Automation Systems (BAS) are available. A basic BAS saves energy by widening temperature ranges and reducing lighting in unoccupied spaces. A BAS also reduces costs for electricity by shedding loads when electricity is higher-priced. Often, a building can be designed so that air-conditioning and refrigeration can be deferred. Definition of Intelligent Building An Intelligent Building is one which provides an efficient and cost-effective environment through optimization of its four basic elements:

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Structure to house various infrastructure/services. Systems Services and management of Services An effective interrelationship between all of them

Different aspects of Intelligent Building The Intelligent Building Design has eight different aspects. Every aspect is important for the making a building efficient. The following are the aspects:

Energy efficient Building services with proper selection of equipment Building Automation system Information management System integration Communication wiring system and network design

Facility management Technology Maintenance Intelligent Building technology and design

Energy efficient Building services with proper equipment: This plays the most vital role. The services include HVAC, Steam, Lighting, Security, Fire, Elevators, Treatment plant, Fuel Oil system etc.

(1) Selection of energy efficient equipments are of prime consideration with superior and latest technology (2) Integrated building management system (IBMS) plays a very vital role to integrate and utilize effectively all these services

IBMS the heart of Intelligent building IBMS includes computer based monitoring to co-ordinate, organize and optimize various building control sub-system like HVAC, Steam, Treatment plant, Lighting, Security, Fire, Elevators, Compressed Air, Fuel oil system etc. Function of IBMS:

y Integration of all services y Energy management y Monitor, control and operate of all electro-mechanical equipment y Preventive and Breakdown maintenance program.

Common Application for IBMS :

y Equipment scheduling like which machine to run at what time, at what sequence y Optimum Start/Stop. y Operator Adjustment. y Monitoring. y Alarm Reporting and all report generation

IBMS serves to BUILDING USERS :

y Controlling environment/performance of various sub systems from desktop PC/local controllers. y Also it allows for remote controlling if desired.

IBMS serves to BUILDING OWNERS:

y Linking Building data directly to true cost of operation y Maintenance management facilities both preventive as well as breakdown maintenance.

Components of IBMS The following components are used for design of IBMS Building

DDC/PLC based control panel

Input Devices/Sensors y Status Sensors

y Analog Input Sensors y Pulse Input Sensors

Output Devices/Sensors

y Analog Output y Digital Output

Transducers

Data Highway/cabling/conduiting Central Computer Software Connectivity Communication Protocol y Delivery Mechanisms y Information representation

Delivery Mechanisms

y ARCNET y Ethernet y Echelon y RS-485 (Master-slave/Token Pass) y RS-232 (Point to Point)

Information Representation

y ASCII y BACnet y LonWorks y Modbus

Sub-Systems of IBMS

Fire Life Safety System

y Fire Detection & Alarming Systems y Fire Hydrant Management System y Fire Smoke Management System

Energy Management System

y HVAC control systems y Mechanical & Electrical Utilities Management System y Lighting Control System y Indoor Air Quality Management Systems y Vertical Transportation Systems

Security Management System

y Access Control Systems y Intruder Alarm Systems y CCTV Surveillance System y Outdoor Security System like Patrol Tour, Perimeter Security Systems etc.

Communication Systems

y EPABX based Communication network y LAN & WAN environments y Paging Systems y Public address systems y Video Conferencing Systems

Control Solutions

HVAC Monitoring and Control y Valves, Dampers & Actuators y Sensors/Thermostats y Controllers Fire Detection & Alarm y Fire Alarm Panels y Smoke Detectors

y Isolator Module y Monitor Modules y Control Modules

Lighting Control

Monitoring of equipments Security and Surveilance like Systems y Electrical (MCCs) y DG sets y WTP & STP y Steam Boilers y Sensors for Doors and Windows y Infra Red/microware Beam Detectors y Closed Circuit TV Systems (CCTV) y Access Control Systems

y Hot Water Generators etc.

Fire Management System

Fire Detection and Alarm System Fire Evacuation Systems Fire Fighting system interface

Fire Alarm Systems :

Types of Systems : Conventional Digital Addressable Analog Addressable

Types of Detectors

Conventional Ionization Smoke Detectors Conventional Photo Electric Smoke Detector Conventional Heat Detectors Digital Addressable Ionization Smoke Detector Digital addressable Photo Electric Smoke Detectors Digital Addressable Heat Detectors Analog Addressable Ionization Smoke Detector Analog Addressable Photo Electric Smoke Detector Analog Addressable Heat Detectors Very Intelligent Early Warning Laser Detectors (VIEW) Hostile Environment Smoke Detectors (HARSH)

Types of Fire Alarm Systems

Conventional Digital Addressable Analog Addressable VIEW Flash Scan

Fire Detection and Monitoring

Smoke, Heat Detectors

Optical Beam Detectors Manual Alarms Audible Alarms Repeat Alarms Smoke Control Fire Suppression system monitoring

Emergency Voice Evacuation

Public Address Pre-recorded voice message Music Channels Auto dialing to fire station

Fire Evacuation Systems

Pre recorded messages Floorwise paging Paging for Floor above and below

Fire fighting interface

Monitoring of Fire Fighting pumps for On/Off, Trip, Auto-Manual, Header Pressure, Flow, Tank Levels etc.

Energy Consumption Pattern

60% by Air Conditioning 23% by Lighting 6% by Lifts 11% by others

System Design

Air-Conditional system is designed at maximum load

Electricity Costs Rising Pattern Rising Every Year (5%-10%)

Chilled Water Temperature

With 0.5rC increase in chilled water return temperature, loss of 1TR/Hour

Variable Frequency Drive

10% reduction in frequency results in 30% reduction in power consumption Air Conditioning Control Chillers

Primary CHW Pumps Condenser Pumps Secondary CHW Pumps Cooling Towers FCU s and AHU s Ventilation Fans

Third Party Interfaces

Fire Fighting Interface Energy Monitoring Water Pumping System Interface DG interface Boiler Interface Water Treatment plant interface Sewage Treatment Plant Interface

Ac Plant Room HVAC

Chiller Integration through high level interface

Sequential Start-up and shutdown of all equipment Chiller Sequencing based on Return water temperature Real run time equalization of all equipment using run hours Load Reset of Chiller Discharge Set point temperature User Settable chiller package requirement setpoints Safety interlocks built in to Chiller control logic.

Air Handling-HVAC

Monitoring and Controlling AHU Fans AHU Fan Duty Cycling (space occupied mode) PID Control Based on Return Air temperature Fresh Air damper modulation based on return air quality Fresh Air damper control Override based CO2 Sensor input Space Occupancy interlinked with time programme/ROR CO2 sensor value AHU run at minimum speed to maintain air quality Fire Interlocks in AHUs Ventilation Systems HVAC Ventilation Fans Monitoring of : Fan On/Off status using MCB s with limit switches Belt Broken status through current switches Liftwell pressurization Fans : Switched on incase of fire Full blast operation of fans incase of fire Just as much energy as required, no more, no less PID temperature controls

Occupancy Based Controls Optimum Start-Stop Duty Cycling Load Reset/Economizer Cycle changeover Enthalpy controls Zero energy Band Monitoring and Control of equipment DG sets : Status monitoring of DG outgoing feeders Bus couplers etc. along with monitoring of Parameters for DG power. Lifts Sump Pumps Monitoring of Pump on/off status

Parameters for incoming power and outgoing feeders to AC, Lighting etc.

Lightening Control

Occupancy based control Scheduled time based start/stop Start/stop based on outside light intensity

Lighting Control Can Achieve

Time based lighting control daily/weekly/calendar Local/Remote operation of Zonal lighting

Occupancy based lighting control for Cabins/Conference Halls Further control of lighting is possible, if required, for areas which are not used on a daily basis

Water Pumping System Interface

Monitoring of pump parameters, tank levels etc. for domestic water supply to Floor activity Flushing Cooling towers Make up water for all services, as required

Boiler Interface

Monitoring of Steam Temperature Flash Steam valves Steam modulating valves Boiler status streamline pressures etc.

Water Treatment Plant Interface

Level monitoring of sodium hydrochloride, Alum Dosing tanks, or any other dosing, as required Monitoring status of carbon filters Monitoring water pump status

Level monitoring of cooling water and flushing water tank

Access Control System

Entry Validation Controller Door Strike/Magnetic Door Locks Door Position Sensor Exit Push Button ID Cards

Intruder Alarm System

Glass Break Sensors Vibration Sensors PIR Sensors Door Switches Presence Detection Panic Buttons

Controller

Audio-Visual Annunciation Hooters Strobe Lights

Auto Paging Auto Dial Voice

Securing Assets

Credentials are used to grant access to secure areas to authorized personnel only. Capability to control who goes where, when. Anti-passback feature to prevent misuse. Can be integrated to the HR MIS for attendance monitoring. Technologies Magnetic Stripe Weigand Proximity Biometic Components Credential Reader Controller Door Strike/Magnetic Locks Magnetic Contacts

Finger Print Reader

y Convenience of the human finger, Unique keys, to provide irrefutable personal identification, supersedes keys, cards, secret passwords and PINs. y Provides a solution that cannot be forged, memorized, altered, stolen or duplicated

y Applications : Cash Room Safe Box Room Back-of-house areas Time and Attendance Critical documentation room

CCTV Systems Components

CCD Cameras Lens PTZ units Housings Switcher/Multiplexer Monitor Time Lapse VCR

CCTV Surveillance to Secure the building

y First line of security systems y Surveillance system can be effectively concealed and unobtrusive y Events can be recorded for analysis/liability issues y Can be interlocked with access control, fire alarm systems

Electrical Point Of View

y Space for Installation of Various Transuders Like Kw, KWH, Current & Voltage in the PCCs and MCCs as required y Additional CT s/PT s to be considered for above y Auxiliary Potential free contacts for status indication of various circuit breakers and starter contactors y Auto/Manual selector switches for various starters y Control circuitry of circuit breakers/starters has to be designed to facilitate acceptance of auto command from the BMS.

Key Factors to contribute for Intelligent Building

Energy Savings Savings on Man power costs Better Information systems Reduced Maintenance costs Reduced depreciation costs Flexibility of building use

Benefits

y Improves & Documents Occupant Comfort y Reduces heating, ventilation & cooling costs through improved sub-system management y Reduces Time require to monitor & manage building operation y Allows support & logistics from remote operation y Increases reliability of plant and services

Limitations

y Must be manually operated to improve occupant comfort, indoor air quality, building energy use and environmental impact. y Quantity and complexity of sub-systems must be great enough to warrant cost of system

Integration with third party equipments Chiller manufacturer s (Trane, York, Mac Quay, Carrier etc.) VFD s (Danfoss, Siemens, ABB) Precision Air Handling Systems (Stulz, Hiross) Energy Meters (L&T, Enercon, Electrix) VAV s UPS, DG Sets

Alarm Routing through pagers/mobile phones. Remote access through Internet for complete operation

BMS Enhancements

y World Wide Web Defining DDC Control s y CCD Cameras y Field Bus Communication Standards Limiting Protocols y Wireless Revolution y Componentization of HVAC Control y Wireless service revolution y Direct Digital Control Evolution y Green Buildings

y Wireless Monitoring y Wireless Sensors y Connecting the building occupant to building comfort system

Prelude to planning of BAS for a building

Mode of Building operation and ownership of operation of the same to be decided Identify potential benefits of BAS Identify Practical Limits to usage of BAS Identification of Ownership & required interaction between building sub-systems to ensure successful integration. Design Presentation & Construction management to be an active part of this integration.

Cost

It ranges from 50 USD to 300 USD per point (with a very general estimation) depending on the mix of included points. This includes real points only and not virtual points that is included in most systems.

COST SAVING due to Intelligence of building :

y Major cost saving happens due to energy efficiency in may ways y Right from selection of energy efficient equipment y Running with optimum requirement y Timely fault identification and thereby avoiding capital investment y Timely Maintenance

y Indirect ways like y Report generation and thereby locating happenings very precisely. Analysis being make easy and simple. y Because of effective utilization of machineries, lesser expenses for maintenance team. y Less expenses for reduced usage of Light Fittings.

Also, we all are likely to work more efficiently in an effective intelligent building, after all human efficiency is most important.

Intelligent Building Design :

At design stage of the building, designer has to keep in mind for intelligent building design concepts like y Shape and direction of the building, so that it calls for less loading on artificial cooling/heating system y Provision of Attrium leads to saving in illumination cost. y Decision on right kind of false ceiling y Designing with roof insulation to reduce artificial cooling/heating. y Decision on location of plant room and other technical area keeping in mind proper movement of various services. y At design stage, provision of adequate space for movement of services which will keep the building intelligent by providing adequate shaft at right place, maintenance provision etc.

Conclusion

With lot of energy crisis in today s world now it s important for architects, engineers and construction managers to make buildings which are energy efficient. It s important to understand that more

electronics does not necessarily mean more intelligent building. Also, the entire control has to be effective and cost effective and finally balanced decision is to be taken for effective design.

References:

Mr. S. Choudhary, L&T ECC Division

Mr. Nrapendra Sharma, GM, Madhya Pradesh Audhyogik Kendra Vikas Nigam (Indore) Ltd.

Mr. D.P. Patwari, EE, Madhya Pradesh Audhyogik Kendra Vikas Nigam, (Indore) Ltd.

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