Unit 3

CHAPTER 1 (lesson 1)
Multiple choice questions
Types of solutions
1. On dissolving table sugar in water with stirring, ….. is (are) formed.
a. one compound
b. two compounds
c. a mixture
d. a compound and a mixture

2. Which of the following is a mixture ?

a. NaCl(l)
b. NaCl(aq)
c. H2O(v)
d. H2O(s)

3. The following four figures represent the arrangements of the particles which form four
different substances :

Which of the following choices represents these substances correctly ?

Choices (R) (S) (T) (U)
a. Compound Compound Element Compound
b. Element Compound Compound Mixture
c. Element Mixture Compound Compound
d. Compound Mixture Element Mixture

4. The opposite table shows the percentages of some of atmospheric air components .
Gases Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Percentages 78% 21% 0.03%
Which of the following choices represents each of the solvent and the solute ?
Choices a. b. c. d.
Solvent O2, N2 O2 N2 CO2.
Solute CO2 N2, CO2. O2, CO2 O2. N2
5. What is the physical state of the solvent in amalgams ? .
a. Gas only.
b. Liquid only.
c. Solid only.
d. Gas, liquid or solid.

6. Which of these solutions is a good electric conductor ?

a. Solution of magnesium chloride in water.
b. Solution of glucose in water.
c. Solution of table sugar in ethyl alcohol.
d. Solution of iodine in ethyl alcohol.

7. A Which of the following substances exist in aqueous solutions in the form of molecules?
a. C6H12O6 and C2H5OH
b. CH3COONa , C6H12O6 and K3PO4
c. C2H5OH and K3PO4
d. CH3COONa ,C6H12O6 and C2H5OH

Dissolving process
8. A crystal of potassium chloride is formed of
a. KCL molecules.
b. Cl and K atoms.
c. CI+ and K- ions.
d. Cl- and K+ ions.

9. In the opposite table, what are Solubility in organic solvents Solubility in polar solvent
Substance the two substances which can be separated by filtration after adding to either
water or dichloromethane with stirring ?
Substance Solubility in organic Solubility in polar solvent
solvents
A. Does not dissolve Does not dissolve
B. Does not dissolve Dissolves
C. Dissolves Does not dissolve
D. Dissolves Dissolves

a. (A) and (B).

b. (B) and (C).
c. (B) and (D).
d. (C) and (D).
10.if the solubility of a salt in water equals (20 g/100 g of H,O) at a certain temperature ..
What is the mass of the salt required to be added to 300 g of water to obtain a saturated
solution at the same temperature? . .
a. 20 g
b. 80 g
c. 60 g
d. 40 g

(1) Mixture of cobalt (II) chloride in water is

a. heterogeneous.
b. a solution.
c. a colloid.
d. a suspension.

(2) The components of ……. can be distinguished by the naked eye.

a. blood
b. oil in water mixture
c. sodium chloride in water mixture
d. hair gel

(3) Blood and milk are examples of

a. liquid solutions.
b. solid solutions.
c. colloids.
d. suspensions.

(4) Ethylene glycol in water is a solution of

a. liquid in liquid.
b. solid in liquid.
c. gas in liquid.
d. Liquid in gas
(5) The angle between the two polar bonds in water molecule is
a. 104.5°
b. 105.4°
c. 90°
d. 140.5°

(6) One of the strongest electrolytes is

a. H2O
b. benzene.
c. HCl(g)
d. HCl(aq)

(7) On dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water, the positive hydrogen ion H+
a. separates and stay as it is.
b. separates to combine with water molecule.
c. separates and evolves as a gas.
d. does not even separate.

(8) The saturated solution can be converted to supersaturated solution by

a. heating and crystallization.
b. heating and adding an excess amount of solute.
c. cooling and crystallization.
d. heating and filtration.

(9) All of the following substances dissolve in water, except-

a. iodine.
b. nickel (II) nitrate.
c. sodium hydroxide.
d. table salt.

(10) Sugar dissolves in water, due to the formation of bonds.

a. covalent
b. ionic
c. metallic
d. hydrogen
Chapter 1
lesson 2
Ready Preliminary questions to check the attainment
Choose the correct answer :
1. When 0.5 mol of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in an amount of water to get 250
mL of a solution, the concentration will be
a. 2 M
b. 2 m
c. 0.08 g/L
d. 0.08 mol/L

2. The volume of a solution which contains 0.06 mol NaCl and its concentration = 0,3 M
is ........
a. 0.018 L
b. 0.2 L
c. 0.5 L
d. 5 L

3. The molal concentration of a solution is expressed by .....

a. mol/L
b. g/eq.L
c. mol/kg
d. g/L

4. What is the molality of the solution produced from dissolving 5.1 mol of KNO3 in
4.47 kg of water? -.....
a. 0.315 m
b. 1.02 m
c. 0.779 m
d. 1.14 m

Various problems :
(1) Calculate the (m/m) percentage of a solution formed by dissolving 10 g of sucrose in
240 g of water.
(2) Calculate the molarity of a solution whose volume is 3 L and contains 0.5 mol of
silver nitrate.
(3) Calculate the molarity of 200 mL of solution formed by dissolving 20 g of NaOH (Na
= 23,0 = 16, H = 1] (4) 53 g of sodium carbonate are dissolved in 1 kg of water.
(4) What is the molality of this solution ? in water. (Na = 23, C = 12,O= 16]

1. The percentage In the opposite graph .. What is the mass percentage concentration of the
solution at 20°C?
a. 20%
b. 23.1%
c. 42.8%
d. 30%

2. What is the mass of the solution of glucose C6H12O6, whose concentration is 10% [C =
12 , H = 1 ,O=16) and it contains 1 mol of the solute ?
a. 1 kg
b. 1.8 kg
c. 200 g
d. 900 g

3. What is the concentration percentage of a solution of sucrose C12H22O11 whose one liter
contains one mole of the solute ? [C = 12 , H = 1 ,O= 16]
a. 6.84%
b. 10%
c. 34.2%
d. 100%

4. What is the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution whose volume is 2.5 L and
contains 0.4 g of NaOH?
a. 16%
b. 1.6%
c. 0.16%
d. 0.016%

Molarity
5. 58.5 g of sodium chloride are dissolved in an amount of water to form 0.5 L of a
solution.. What is the concentration of this solution?
a. 1 M
b. 2 M
1
c. 4 M
1
d. 2 M

6. Which of these solutions contains 0.1 mol of sodium hydroxide?

a. 1 mL of 0.1 M solution.
b. 100 mL of 1 M solution.
c. 10 mL of 0.1 M solution.
d. 1000 mL of 1 M solution.

7. Which of the following solutions contains higher number of moles of the solute?
a. 10 mL of 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution.
b. 20 mL of 0.4 mol/L NaCl solution.
c. 30 mL of 0.3 mol/L NaCl solution.
d. 40 mL of 0.2 mol/L NaCl solution.

8. A liter of 0.25 M solution of caustic soda NaOH contains each of the following of -
Lesson NAOH, except (Na = 23 ,0 = 16 ,H = 1]
a. 5.6 L
b. 0.25 mol
c. 10 g
d. 1.505 × 10²3

9. What is the mass of Na2S2O3.5H2O which is required to form 200 mL of an aqueous b

10 g d molecules solution with concentration 0.1 mol/L ? (Na = 23 ,S= 32,0 =16 , H = 1)
a. 4.96 g
b. 3.16 g
c. 24.8 g
d. 31.6 g

10.The mass of sodium carbonate which is required to prepare 500 mL of 0.5 M solution
[Na = 23,C= 12,0=16]
a. 10000 g
b. 106 g
c. 40 g
d. 26.5 g
11.An aqueous solution of sucrose (its molar mass = 342 g/mol) contains 123 g of the
solute and its molar concentration = 0.55 M, what is the volume of this solution?
a. 66 mL
b. 220 mL
c. 340 mL
d. 654 mL

12.What is the concentration of the chloride ions in 1 L of a solution in which 2.08 g of

BaCl2 salt are dissolved? . (Ba = 137, Cl = 35.5)
a. 0.01 M
b. 0.012 M
c. 0.02 M
d. 2.08 M

13.200 ml of a solution contain 0.04 mol of (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2.6H2O , What is the

+¿¿
concentration of ammonium ions N H 4 in it ?
a. 0.2 M
b. 0.0004 M
c. 0.008 M
d. 0.4 M

14.The concentration percentage of a molar solution of sulphuric acid H2SO4 equals

[H=1,S= 32, 0= 16]
a. 0.098%
b. 0.98%
c. 9.8%
d. 98%

Molarity of solutions in chemical reactions

15.What is the mass of magnesium oxide which is required to react completely with 40 ml
of hydrochloric acid whose concentration is 1 mol/L ? [Mg = 24,O =16]
a. 2.4 g
b. 3.2 g
c. 0.8 g
d. 1.6 g
16.According to the reaction : Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s) what is the
molarity of Na2SO4 solution whose 250 mL are required to precipitate 5.28 g of barium
sulphate ? [Ba = 137, S= 32 ,0 = 16. Na = 23]
a. 0.09 M
b. 0.227 M
c. 0.0227 M
d. 0.9 M

17.According to the reaction 4FeCl2+3O2(g) →2Fe2O3(s) +4Cl2(g) What is the volume of 0.76
M solution of FeCl2 which reacts completely with 6.36 x 10 molecules of oxygen?
a. 18.5 mL
b. 10.7 mL
c. 10.4 mL
d. 5.26 × 103 mL

18.After mixing 4 mL of 0.5 mol/L copper (II) sulphate solution with 4 mL of 0.5 mol/L
sodium hydroxide solution, and at the end of the reaction……. remain
a. Cu(OH)2(aq) and NaOH(aq)
b. Cu(OH)2(aq) ,Na2SO4(aq) and CuSO4(aq)
c. Cu(OH)2(aq) and NaOH
d. Cu(OH)2(s) Na2SO and CuSO4(aq)

19.What is the concentration of sulphuric acid which 25 mL of it react completely with

36.2 mL of 0.225 M sodium hydroxide solution ?
36.2 x 0.225
a. 25
M
2 x 36.2 x 0.225
b. 25
M
25
c. 2 x 36.2 x 0.225 M
36.2× 0.225
d. 2× 25
M

Molality
20.Molal solution contains 1 mol of the solute in
a. 22.4 L of the solution.
b. 1000 g of the solvent.
c. 1 L of the solution.
d. 1 L of the solvent.
21.What is the molal concentration of the solution resulted from dissolving 6.44 g of
naphthalene (C10H8) in 80 g of benzene? . [C = 12. Hal
a. 0.625 m
b. 0.8 m
c. 1.13 m
d. 80.4 m

22.An aqueous solution of sodium chloride (its molar mass = 58.5 g/mol), its molal
concentration = 3.14 m, and the mass of water in it = 2314 g, what is the mass of NaCl
in this solution ? .
a. 124.3 g
b. 255.6 g
c. 425 g
d. 726.6 g

23.What is the volume of water which is required to be added to 328 g of NaOH to 1o a

solution whose concentration is 1.35 m ? (Na = 23,O= 16 ,H = 1]
a. 6.07 L
b. 7.44 L
c. 11.1 L
d. 14.5 L

Dilution of solutions
24.5 mol/L sulphuric acid has been diluted from 1 L to 10L, what is the molar
concentration of the dilute acid ? .
a. 0.1 M
b. 0.5 M
c. 1M
d. 5 M

25.10 ml of 6 M hydrochloric acid were diluted with water until the concentration became
0.5 M, what is the volume of the added water?
a. 110 mL
b. 50 ml
c. 120 mL
d. 290 mL
26.what is the volume of water which is required to be added to 500 mL of a molar © 120
mL d 290 mL solution of table salt to form 0.1 M solution of it ?
a. 1000 mL
b. 100 mL
c. 4.5L
d. 5L
Lesson 3
Preliminary questions to check the attainment Answer them yourself
Choose the correct answer:
(1) All the following are among the collective properties of solutions, except ..
a. elevation of the boiling point.
b. depression of the freezing point.
c. depression of the vapor pressure.
d. surface tension.

(2) When the vapor pressure of pure liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the
measured boiling point is …….. the natural boiling point.
a. higher than
b. equal to
c. lower than

(3) Which of the following statements is correct ? .......

a. The boiling point of salty water is lower than that of pure water.
b. The boiling point of salty water is equal to that of pure water.
c. The boiling point of salty water is higher than that of pure water.

(4) Solution (A) of glucose and solution (B) of table salt, both have the same
concentration.. Which of the following choices represents the relation between the
boiling points of these two solutions ? --..
a. Boiling point of solution (B) > Boiling point of solution (A).
b. Boiling point of solution (B) > Boiling point of solution (A).
c. Boiling point of solution (B) < Boiling point of solution (A).
d. Boiling point of solution (B) = Boiling point of solution (A).
Multiple choice questions
Depression of vapour pressure of the solution
1. Which of the following salts has higher effect on the depression of the vapour pressure
of water when 1 mol of it is dissolved in one liter of water ?
a. KCl
b. MgCl2
c. C6H12O6
d. KBr

2. Which of the following solutions, which are equally concentrated, has lower vapour
pressure ?
a. Acetic acid solution.
b. Potassium chloride solution.
c. Sodium phosphate solution.
d. Sodium sulphate solution.

3. An amount of oil is dissolved in a known mass of pure benzene, so if the vapour

pressure of benzene is 750 mm Hg .. What is the vapour pressure of the solution ? ..
a. 760 mm Hg
b. 750 mm Hg
c. 731.5 mm Hg
d. 75 mm Hg

4. Hydrogen gas is collected when it is prepared in lab by downward displacement of

water, the pressure produced on the surface of water is the sum of the pressure of
hydrogen gas and the pressure of
a. oxygen gas.
b. water vapour.
c. hydrogen dissolved in water.
d. the noble gases found in air.
5. The opposite figures represent what happens to the two volumes of two aqueous
solutions in two containers (A) and (B) after time (at STP).. Which of the following
choices represents the relation between the concentrations of both solutions as well as
their vapour pressures? ..............
Choices a. b. c. d.
Concentrations A=B A=B A>B a <B
of the solutions
Vapour A=B a <B A=B A>B
pressures of the
solutions

elevation of boiling point of the solution

6. In the opposite table, what is the liquid whose vapour pressure is higher at same
temperature ?
Compound Boiling point (C)
Water 100
Acetone 56
Acetaldehyde 31
Acetic acid 118

a. Water.
b. Acetaldehyde.
c. acetone
d. acetic acid

7. A Which of the following aqueous solutions, which have the same molal
concentration, has higher boiling point ? .
a. NaNO3(aq)
b. Al(NO3)3(aq)
c. CaCl2(aq)
d. CH3COOH(aq)
8. A The opposite figure represents the relation between the boiling points and the
vapour pressures of four different solutions.. Which of the following choices
represents the solution which is referred to Vapour pressure of the solution by the
letter (A) ?
a. BaCl2
b. C6H12O6
c. C12H22O11
d. NaCl

9. A solid substance (X) its boiling point is 948°C, it dissolves in water forming a
solution whose boiling point is
a. 98°C
b. 102°C
c. 946°C
d. 950°C

10.Boiling point of one mole of water changes by 0.5°C on dissolving one mole of the
ions of the solute in it, what is the boiling point of the molal solution of potassium
phosphate? .
a. 100.5°C
b. 99.5°C
c. 98°C
d. 102°C

11.In the opposite diagram, If T, is the boiling point of solution (A), and T, is that of (B),
both solutions (A) and (B) have the same concentration.. Which of the following
choices is correct ?
a. Number of moles of ions dissolved in solution (B) is higher than that of the ions in
solution (A).
b. Number of moles of molecules which are dissolved in both solutions are equal.
c. Number of moles of molecules dissolved in Solution (A) is higher than that of the
molecules in solution (B).
d. Number of moles of ions which are dissolved in both solutions are equal.
12.Which of the following solutions of table sugar in water has lower boiling point ? .
a. 2 mol/kg
b. 1 mol/kg
c. 0.5 mol/kg
d. 0.1 mol/kg

13.Which of the following aqueous solutions of the substance (X) which is nonvolatile
has higher boiling point ?
a. A solution contains 1 mol of (X) in 2 kg of water
b. A solution contains 2 mol of (X) in 1 kg of water.
c. A solution contains 1.5 mol of (X) in 1.5 kg of water.
d. A solution contains 0.5 mol of (X) in 1 kg of water.

14.When the two substances (A) and (B) are added to water, each individually. two
solutions are formed which have the same boiling point.. What is the choice which
represents these two solutions ?
a. 0.1 m sodium carbonate and 0.2 m calcium nitrate.
b. 0.1 m sodium carbonate and 0.1 m calcium nitrate.
c. 0.1 m potassium nitrate and 0.1 m calcium nitrate.
d. 0.1 m potassium nitrate and 0.2 m calcium nitrate.

Depression of freezing point of the solution

15.Which of the following equally concentrated solutions has lower freezing point ?
a. NaCl(aq)
b. FeCl3(aq)
c. BaCl2
d. C6H12O6(aq)

16.Which of the following equally concentrated solutions freezes first ?

a. Sodium carbonate solution.
b. Glucose solution.
c. Sodium chloride solution.
d. Potassium phosphate solution.
17.Which of the following aqueous solutions whose molal concentrations are equal is
preferred to be used in preventing the formation of the snow on the sidewals in cold
countries ?
a. NaBr
b. KNO3
c. CaCl2
d. C6H12O6

18.Which of the following solutions its freezing point approaches that of the agee
solution of C12H12O11 whose concentration = 0.3 m ?
a. 0.075 m AICl3
b. 0.6m C6H12O6
c. 0.15 m CuCl2
d. 0.3 m NaCl

19.The freezing point of ammonium sulphate solution which contains 296 g of the sat
1000 g of water equals.
a. 2.72°C
b. -27.9°C
c. -1.86°C
d. -16.74°C

20.The collective properties of solutions depend on the …….

a. nature of the solute.
b. Nature of the solution
c. number of particles of the solvent.
d. number of particles of the solute.

21.A little amount of sodium chloride salt is added to pure water .. What is the effect of
that on the boiling and the freezing points of water?
a. Both the boiling and freezing points are elevated.
b. Freezing point is elevated and boiling point is dropped.
c. Both the boiling and freezing points are dropped.
d. Freezing point is dropped and the boiling point is elevated.
Lesson 4
Ready Preliminary questions to check the attainment Answer them yourself.
Choose the correct answer :
(1) The ……… in the colloid is corresponding to the solvent in the solution.
a. solute
b. dispersed phase
c. suspension
d. dispersion medium

(2) Cotton candy and chalk powder in water are ......

a. colloids.
b. suspensions.
c. heterogeneous mixtures.
d. Solutions

(3) Dispersion medium in the emulsion of oil and vinegar is in the -…… state.
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gaseous
d. vapour

(4) The type of colloid of blood is . .

a. gas in gas.
b. solid in liquid.
c. gas in solid.
d. Liquid in gas

(5) The most known method(s) for preparing colloids is/are - .

a. polymerization.
b. dispersion.
c. precipitation.
d. hydrogenation.
Multiple choice questions
Mixtures properties
1. The particles that form the solution
a. are invisible.
b. are visible.
c. can be separated by filtration.
d. scatter the light.

2. A On adding sodium hydroxide solution to hydrochloric acid, is formed.

a. mixture whose particles can be distinguished by the microscope.
b. a suspension which is apparently homogeneous.
c. a solution whose particle diameter is less than 1 nm
d. a homogeneous mixture whose particles can be separated by filtration.

3. Table salt powder is

a. a compound.
b. a solution.
c. a colloid.
d. a suspension.

4. A mixture of sugar in kerosene is formed of particles whose diameter may equal

a. 10000 nm
b. 980 nm
c. 100 nm
d. 0.1 nm

5. Which of the following is not a suspension ?

a. Muddy rains.
b. Antibiotics which need shaking before using.
c. Coffee.
d. Soft drinks.
6. When a light beam falls on a glass beaker contains a mixture of water and silt, it is
scattered, this indicates that the mixture is ***.........
a. colloidal system.
b. homogeneous.
c. suspension system.
d. a solution.

7. In which of the following beakers, the light is scattered when it passes through the
liquid?

8. The opposite figure shows a mayonnaise jar which eggs dispersed in oil and other
components, what is the type of mayonnaise mixture ? .
a. Homogeneous solution.
b. Apparently homogeneous suspension.
c. Apparently homogeneous colloid.
d. Heterogeneous suspension.

9. Foam which is known among public as industrial sponge, is a kind of the colloidal
systems similar to the type of
a. hair gel.
b. blood.
c. whipped egg whites.
d. cotton candy.

10.Jelly is similar to hair gel in that they both are ....*

a. homogeneous mixtures.
b. solutions.
c. liquid in solid mixtures.
d. suspensions.

11.Which of the following is not a colloid ? . .

a. Milk powder in water.
b. Dust in air.
c. Calcium nitrate powder in water.
d. Paints.
12.Soap bubbles are systems in which is dispersed in
a. gas / gas.
b. gas / liquid.
c. liquid /gas.
d. gas / solid.

13.Cheese, hair gel and gelatin are mixtures in which

a. liquid is dispersed in a solid.
b. a solid is dispersed in a liquid.
c. a liquid dissolves in a solid.
d. a solid dissolves in a liquid.

14.On adding liquid (X) to a mixture of olive oil and water, mixture (Y) is formed – as in
the figure - and is known as . ..
a. oil and water emulsion.
b. oil and water amalgam.
c. oil in water solution.
d. oil and water suspension.

Methods of separating the mixtures

15.What is the suitable method to separate substance (X) from water in the mixture which
is illustrated in the opposite figure?
a. Simple distillation.
b. Vaporization.
c. Magnetic separation.
d. Filtration.

16.A What is the mixture which can be separated by the method illustrated in the opposite
figure ?
a. Copper and aqueous solution of copper (II) chloride.
b. An aqueous solution of copper (II) chloride and sodium chloride.
c. Water and ethyl alcohol.
d. Ethylene glycol and water.
17.Which of the following separation methods proves that sodium chloride is a solute in sea
water ?
a. Condensation.
b. Fractional distillation.
c. Vaporization.
d. Filtration.

18.The opposite figures represent the followed steps in separating a mixture of sand and
salt. Which of the following choices represents (A) , (B) and (C) correctly ?
Choices (A) (B) (C)
a. Salt Water Sand
b. Salt Salt solution Sand
c. Sand Water Salt
d. Sand Salt solution Salt

19.Separating funnel which is illustrated in the opposite figure is used to separate the two
solutions (X) and (Y) , what do ..... you expect about the liquid (Y)?
a. Acts as a dispersion medium for the liquid (X).
b. Its boiling point is higher than that of liquid (X).
c. Has higher density than liquid (X).
d. Its freezing point is lower than that of liquid (X).
Chapter 2
Lesson 1
Ready Preliminary questions to check the attainment
Choose the correct answer :
1. The .. acid is found in citrus plants,
a. phosphoric
b. lactic
c. ascorbic
d. carbonic

2. From the properties of acids ..

a. having a sour taste.
b. having slippery feel.
c. changing litmus indicator to blue.
d. having bitter taste.

3. When acids react with carbonate or bicarbonate salts, ... gas is evolved.
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. sulphur dioxide
d. carbon dioxide

4. In the reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid, ammonium ion (NH) is -.

a. a conjugate base.
b. the base.
c. a conjugate acid.
d. the acid.

−¿ ¿
5. The conjugate acid of HSO4 is ………--
+¿¿
a. HSO4
b. SO2−¿¿
4

c. H2SO4
d. H+
6. The substance which donates a lone pair of electrons or more is considered as -...
a. a Lewis acid.
b. an Arrhenius acid.
c. a Lewis base.
d. an Arrhenius base.

Multiple choice questions

Uses and properties of acids and bases
1. Which of the following is a property of sodium hydroxide ?
a. Dissolves in water yielding H+
b. Its aqueous solution has a slippery feel.
c. Turns the colour of litmus from purple to red.
d. Reacts with magnesium and hydrogen gas evolves. gas evolve.

2. When baking soda reacts with sulphuric acid, bubbles of

a. nitrogen dioxide
b. sulphur dioxide
c. hydrogen
d. carbon dioxide

3. Calcium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid forming the gas (X) which is sparingly
soluble in water and lighter than air. What is the name of this gas ? And what is (are) the
proper method(s) to collect this gas when it is prepared in lab ?
a. Hydrogen gas / (2) only.
b. Chlorine gas / (1) , (3) only.
c. Hydrogen gas / (1) , (3) only.
d. Chlorine gas / (2) only.

4. What is the mass of the precipitate which is produced from the reaction of 96 g of
magnesium with excess phosphoric acid ?
a. 24 g
b. 48 g
c. 240 g
d. 349.3 g
Theories that describe acid and base
5. Arrhenius theory for defining the acid is not applied to ..
a. HF in water.
b. HCl in water.
−¿ ¿
c. HSO4 (aq)
d. I2 in dichloroethane.

6. Adding HCI acid to pure water results in

a. increasing the concentrations of both H+. OH-
b. increasing the concentration of H+, and decreasing that of OH-
c. decreasing the concentrations of both H+,OH-
d. decreasing the concentration of H+, and increasing that of OH-

7. The conjugate acid of the base HAsO2−¿¿

4 is
3−¿¿
a. AsO4
b. H3O+
c. H2AsO4
−¿ ¿
d. H2AsO4 ,

−¿ ¿
8. A What is the conjugate base of H2BO3 ?
a. BO3−¿¿
3

b. H3BO3,
c. HBO2−¿¿
3
+¿¿
d. H3BO2

9. Water acts as a Brönsted - Lowry acid when it reacts with

a. NH3
b. HCN
c. HNO3
d. H2S
10.What does happen in the reaction which is represented by the following equation :
+¿¿
HCl(g) + H2O → H3O(aq ) + Cl-(aq)
a. Chloride ion is formed by gaining an electron from water.
b. Hydrogen chloride molecule loses an electron forming chloride ion.
c. Water gains a proton from hydrogen chloride.
d. Water donates a proton to hydrogen chloride.

11.Which of the following pairs represents a base and its conjugate acid ?
a. HCI , OCl-
+¿¿
b. NH3 , N H 4
c. H2SO4, SO2−¿¿
4
+ -
d. H3O , OH

12.In the following reaction : CH3COOH(aq) + NH3(g) ⇌ CH3COO-(aq) + NH+4(aq) Which of the
following choices represents the type of each of the reactants and the products
respectively ?
Choices CH3COOH(aq) NH3(g) CH3COO-(aq) NH+4(aq)
a. Acid base Conjugate base Conjugate acid
b. Conjugate acid Conjugate base Acid
c. base Acid Conjugate base Conjugate acid
d. Conjugate base Conjugate acid Acid base

13.The following equation represents a chemical process :

−¿ ¿
HCO3 (aq )+ H2O ⇌ OH-(aq) + H2CO3(aq) Which of the following choices is correct related to the
process which is represented B by the previous equation?
Choices Acid Base Conjugate acid Conjugate base
−¿ ¿
a. HCO3 (aq ) H2O(l) H2CO3(aq) OH-
−¿ ¿
b. H2CO3(aq) OH- HCO3 (aq ) H2O(l)
−¿ ¿
c. H2O(l) HCO3 (aq ) H2CO3(aq) OH-
−¿ ¿
d. H2O(l) HCO3 (aq ) OH- H2CO3(aq)

14.All the following are Brönsted - Lowry acids, except

−¿ ¿
a. HCO3
−¿ ¿
b. HSO3
+¿¿
c. N H 4
d. CH3COO-
15.According to Brönsted - Lowry theory, the mixture of water with nitric acid has to
contain
a. OH-
b. NO3
c. NO-3
d. NO-2

16.Sulphuric acid H2SO4 ionizes in water in two steps, represented by the two + HSO (aq)
following equations :
−¿ ¿
H2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) → HSO4 (aq) + H3O+(aq)
−¿ ¿
HSO4 (aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq)+ SO2−¿¿
4 (aq)

−¿ ¿
What is the conjugate base of HSO4 (aq) ion ?
a. H2O(l)
b. H3O+(aq)
c. H2SO4(aq)
d. SO2−¿¿
4 (aq)

−¿ ¿
17.Bisulphate anion HSO4 (aq)reacts as an acid and as a base in water, what is the reaction in
which bisulphate anion acts as an acid ? *. ....
−¿ ¿
a. HSO4 (aq) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq) + OH-
−¿ ¿
b. HSO4 (aq) + H3O+(aq) → SO3 + 2H2O
−¿ ¿
c. HSO4 (aq)+ OH- → H2SO4(aq) + O2-
−¿ ¿
d. HSO4 (aq) + H2O(l) → SO2−¿¿ +
4 (aq) + H3O (aq)

18.Which of the following can act as an acid and as a base according to Brönsted Lowry
−¿ ¿
a. NO3 ,
b. CH3COOH
c. H2PO-4
d. OH-

19.The basicity of hydride anion H¯ is stronger than the basicity of hydroxide ao so when H
anion reacts with water, ....... is (are) formed.
a. H3O+(aq)
b. OH- + H+
c. OH- + 2H+
d. H2O2(aq)

20.Lewis base
a. has to be a neutral molecule.
b. has to be a charged ion.
c. may be a neutral molecule or a charged ion.
d. has to be a neutral atom.

21.All the Brönsted - Lowry bases are

a. different from Lewis bases.
b. Lewis bases.
c. Lewis acids.
d. no correct answer.

22.Which of the following statements is incorrect in terms of the different definitions of the
base ? ............
a. Donates OH in an aqueous medium.
b. Accepts a proton in an aqueous medium.
c. Donates a pair of electrons.
d. Accepts a pair of electrons.

23.Phosphine gas dissolves in water according to the reaction :

PH3(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ PH4OH(aq)
According to Lewis theory .. Which of the following choices is correct ?
a. PH3 is the base, as it donates a lone pair of electrons to water.
b. H2O is the acid, as it donates a lone pair of electrons to phosphine.
c. PH3 is the acid, as it accepts a lone pair of electrons from water.
d. H2O is the base, as it accepts a lone pair of electrons from phosphine.

Lesson 2
Ready Preliminary questions to check the attainment
Choose the correct answer :
(1) --- acid is a strong acid.
a. Citric
b. Nitric
c. Carbonic
d. Acetic

(2) All of the following are mineral acids, except . . acid.

a. sulphuric
b. phosphoric
c. citric
d. hydrochloric

(3) Which of the following choices represents acetic acid ?

Choices a. b. c. d.
Formula CH3COOH CH3COOH HCOOH H3PO4
Origin Mineral Organic Organic Mineral

(4) All of the following are monobasic acids, except .. acid.

a. hydrochloric
b. nitric
c. acetic
d. oxalic

(5) All the following are properties of citric acid, except that it is a (an) -.... acid.
a. Organic
b. weak
c. tribasic
d. dibasic

(6) All of the following are bases, except

a. NaOH
b. NaNO3
c. Na2O
d. Na2CO3

(7) The pH value of a strong basic solution is .

a. 7
b. 5
c. 1
d. 13

(8) The solution which has a pH value of 1 is ...

a. weak alkali
b. strong acid.
c. weak acid
d. strong alkali.

Multiple choice questions

Classification of acids and bases
1. Which of the following solutions that are equally concentrated has higher ability to
conduct electricity ? . .
a. H2S
b. H2SO4
c. H2SO3
d. H2CO3 .

2. …….. are found in the test tube which contains sulphuric acid.
a. H2SO4 molecules only
b. HSO-4, and SO2−¿¿
4 ions
−¿ ¿
c. H2SO4 molecules, HSO4 , ions
−¿ ¿
d. H2SO4 molecules, HSO4 ,, and SO2−¿¿
4 ions

3. Which of the following graphical figures represents the ionization of a weak

monobasic acid HA ?

4. The acid which is illustrated in the opposite figure is classified as

a. a strong monobasic acid.
b. a weak monobasic acid.
c. a weak tribasic acid.
d. a strong tribasic acid.

5. Which of the following acidic substances is polyprotic?

a. CH3COOH
+¿¿
b. NH 4
c. H3PO4
d. HCOOH

6. The opposite graphical figure shows the basicity of three acids, if the acid (C)
represents hydroiodic acid.. Which of the following choices represents the two acids
(A) and (B) ?
Choices a. b. c. d.
Acid (A) Sulphuric Hydrochloric Citric Carbonic
Acid (B) Carbonic Nitric Carbonic Acetic

7. Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct ?

a. The base is a substance that donates positive hydrogen ions.
b. The acid is a substance that accepts protons.
c. The strong acid is almost 100% ionized.
d. The weak acid does not react with strong bases.

8. Which of the following is a monohydric base (contains one hydroxyl group) ?

a. Mg(OH)2
b. NH4OH
c. HOH
d. CH3COOH

9. Which of the following choices includes weak acids and bases only ?
a. Ba(OH)2 , CH3NH2 , CH3COOH
b. C3H7COOH , CH3CH2NH2, , HCOOH
c. NH3 , HNO3 , CH3CH2COOH
d. NH3 , NaOH , H2CO3

10.Dissolution of the substance XH, in water is represented by the following equation :

+¿¿
XH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ X H 4 (aq) + OH-(aq) What is the type of the substance XH3 ? ......
a. Strong base.
b. Weak acid.
c. Weak base.
d. Strong acid.

11. Which of the following substances its aqueous solution has higher concentration of
hydroxide ions ?
a. PO3−¿¿
4
+¿¿
b. N 4
H
−¿ ¿
c. HCO ,3
d. H2CO3

12.Which of these properties indicates that the substance (X) is an alkali ?

a. When it dissolves in water, it yields positive hydrogen ions.
b. Neutralizes with acids forming salt and water, accompanied by evolving of CO 2 gas.
c. On heating (X) solution with ammonium chloride, NH3 gas evolves.
d. (X) solution reacts with acids and H2 gas evolves.

13.Zinc hydroxide behaves in chemical reactions as an acid or as a base, in which

reaction of the following it behaves as an acid ?
a. Zn(OH)2 + 2HCI →ZnCl2 + 2H2O
b. Zn(OH)2, + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O
c. 3Zn(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 → Zn3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
d. Zn(OH)2 + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + 2H2O

14.Ammonia gas is highly soluble in water forming a solution which

a. is completely ionized.
b. has a boiling point higher than that of pure water.
c. has pH value less than 7
d. is acidic.

Detecting acids and bases

15.Which of the following choices represents the expected results of hydrochloric acid on
adding sodium bicarbonate to it, as well as adding two drops of litmus indicator to
another sample of it ?
Choices a. b. c. d.
Reaction with Reacts Reacts No reaction No reaction
sodium
bicarbonate
Formed colour Red Blue Red Blue
with litmus

16.What is the colour change which happens on reaching the neutralization point in one
of the titration processes ?
a. Yellow to green.
b. Orange to red.
c. Colourless to pink.
d. Blue to red.

17.Which of the following indicators is coloured yellow when it is added to a solution

whose pH value is 10 ?
a. Methyl orange.
b. Phenolphthalein.
c. Bromothymol blue.
d. Litmus.

18.Which of the following solutions contains higher concentration of hydronium ions ?

a. 1M H2CO3, solution.
b. 1 M HCl solution.
c. Pure water.
d. 1 M NH3 solution.
19.On testing an aqueous solution with methyl orange and phenolphthalein indicators,
they gave the results which are illustrated in the opposite table, what is the
approximate value of pH of this solution ?
Indicator Colour
Methyl orange Yellow
Phenolphthalein Pink

a. 6
b. 7
c. 2.7
d. 11.7

20.Which of the following is a property of the weak acidic aqueous solution only
a. Changes the colours of all chemical indicators.
b. Has pH value less than 7 and higher than 2
c. Reacts with ammonium salts forming ammonia gas.
d. Reacts with all bases forming salt and water only.

21.Which of the following equally concentrated solutions has lower pH value

a. Ammonia solution.
b. Lithium hydroxide solution.
c. Acetic acid solution.
d. Nitric acid solution.

22.pH value of 0.1 M NaOH solution =

a. 0.1
b. 8
c. 13
d. 1

23.On adding distilled water to a test tube contains sulphuric acid whose pH value = 4, it
is possible that pH of the dilute solution becomes
a. 4
b. 8
c. 2
d. 6
24.Which of the following choices represents the concentration of H* ions and pH value
of formic acid aqueous solution, compared to hydrochloric acid (at equal
concentrations) ?
Choices a. b. c. d.
H+ ions Higher Higher Lower Lower
concentration
pH value Higher Lower Higher Lower

25.Which of the following graphical figures represents correctly the relation between the
concentration of H* ions, and that of OH ions in aqueous solutions at constant
temperature ?

26. Which of the following statements represents correctly two solutions of sodium
hydroxide and ammonia which have equal volumes and concentrations ? Sodium
hydroxide solution ....
a. has lower ability to conduct electricity than ammonia solution.
b. contains H+ ions concentration higher than that in ammonia solution.
c. has pH value higher than that of ammonia solution.
d. contains OH- ions concentration lower than that in ammonia solution.

27.On adding drops of methyl orange indicator to both (X) and (Y) solutions, the colour
of (X) becomes red. while that of (Y) becomes yellow.. Which of the following
choices is correct ?
pH value of pH value of H' concentration H*
solution (X) is solution (X) is in solution (X) concentration in
lower than that higher than that is lower than solution (X ) is
of solution (Y) of solution (Y) that in solution higher than that
(Y) in solution (Y)
a. √ × √ ×
b. √ × × √
c. × √ √ ×
d. × √ × √
Lesson 3
Ready Preliminary questions to check the attainment
Choose the correct answer :
(1) The anion of sodium hydrogen carbonate salt is ...*
a. HCO,
b. CO —3
−¿¿
c. HSO 4
−−¿¿
d. SO4

(2) -........ acid forms three types of salts.

a. Phosphoric
b. Carbonic
c. Sulphuric
d. Nitric

(3) Salts are formed when acids react with each of the following, except …
a. alkalis.
b. metals oxides.
c. metals carbonates.
d. nonmetals oxides.

(4) Acids react with active metals and ……. gas evolves.

a. NH3
b. N2
c. CO2
d. H2

(5) Copper (II) sulphate salt is not prepared from the reaction of sulphuric acid with…
a. copper.
b. copper (II) oxide.
c. copper (II) carbonate.
d. copper (II) hydroxide.
(6) In the acidity test, …… gas evolves.
a. CO2
b. H2
c. O2
d. CO

(7) . . salt dissolves in water forming an acidic solution.

a. CH3COONa.
b. NH4Cl
c. NaCl
d. Na2CO3

(8) The pH value of CH3COONH4, solution equals --.

a. 14
b. zero
c. 7
d. 3

(9) Which of the following salts has an alkaline effect on litmus indicator ? .
a. NH4CI
b. K2CO3
c. NaNO3
d. KCl

(10) On adding phenolphthalein to the aqueous solution of ammonium chloride salt,

the color of the solution becomes .
a. red.
b. colorless.
c. yellow.
d. blue.
Multiple choice questions
Salts
1. (NH4)2HPO4 salt is known as
a. ammonia phosphate.
b. ammonium phosphate.
c. ammonium hydrogen phosphate.
d. ammonium hydrogen phosphide.

2. Which of the following salts names is incorrect ?

Choices a. b. c. d.
Formula Cu(NO3)2 (CH3COO)2Ca Al(HSO4)3 MgCO3
Name Copper (II) Calcium acetate Aluminum Magnesium
nitrate sulphate carbonate

3. Metal (M) ion combines with hydrogen phosphate group forming MHPO, salt, what is
the formula of the chloride of this metal ? .. ..
a. MCl
b. MCl2
c. M2Cl2
d. MCl3

4. If the chemical formula of one of the chromium salts is Cr(NO3)3, so what is the
formula of the corresponding chromium oxide ?
a. CrO
b. Cr2O3
c. Cr3O2
d. CrO2

5. If the chemical formula of the metal M sulphate is M2(SO4)3, so the chemical formula
of this metal phosphate is
a. M(HPO4)2
b. M3(PO4)2
c. M2(PO4)3
d. MPO4
6. Which of the following formulas of the salts of phosphoric acid is incorrect ? ..
a. K3PO4
b. CaPO4
c. NaH2PO4
d. MgHPO4

7. Which of the following compounds is not a salt ?

a. Sodium formate.
b. Sodium hydroxide.
c. Sodium acetate.
d. Sodium carbonate.

8. In which of the following reactions a pipette and a burette are used to prepare the salt ?
..............
a. The reaction of calcium carbonate with nitric acid to form calcium nitrate
b. The reaction of copper (II) oxide with sulphuric acid to form copper (II) sulphate
c. The reaction of potassium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid to form potassium
d. The reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride.

9. magnesium sulphate crystals are prepared from the reaction of dilute sulphuric acid h
excess of magnesium oxide in two steps, which are . ..
a. decomposition and filtration.
b. neutralization and evaporation.
c. decomposition and oxidation.
d. neutralization and oxidation.

10.Which of the following substances are used in titration processes ? .

a. An acid which is insoluble in water with a base which is insoluble in water.
b. An acid which is insoluble in water with a base which is soluble in water.
c. Water soluble acid with water insoluble base.
d. Water soluble acid with water soluble base.

11.The opposite figure represents a chemical experiment, in which ….. take(s) place.
a. neutralization and precipitation processes
b. neutralization process only
c. precipitation process only
d. oxidation-reduction process .
12.19.2 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid are added to 25 mL of sodium hydroxide solution
in a titration process to identify are the required tools to measure the volumes of the
two liquids accurately ?
Choices a. b. c. d.
Acid Burette Burette Pipette Pipette
Alkali Graduated Burette Graduated Burette
cylinder cylinder

13.On placing a piece of zinc in an aqueous solution of copper (II) chloride

a. nothing happens.
b. Cu+ ions concentration increases.
c. Cl ions concentration increases.
d. Zn2+ ions concentration increases.

14.The following figures represent three different experiments, through which three
different powders are added to dilute sulphuric acid with stirring ..
+¿¿
Which of these tubes contains Cu2(aq) ions ?.
a. x,Y only.
b. x,Y and Z
c. Y,Z only.
d. x,Z only.

15.4 equal volumes of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid are added to 4 test tubes contain equal
pieces of copper, iron, magnesium and zinc in no particular order, which of these tubes
contains copper metal ? ....

16.Magnesium chloride can be prepared by the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with
a. magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide only.
b. magnesium or magnesium oxide only.
c. magnesium or magnesium carbonate only.
d. magnesium, magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide.
Types of aqueous solutions of salts
17.Which of the following substances dissolves in water forming 1 M solution which is
with minimal pH value ?
a. Ammonium chloride.
b. Ammonium acetate.
c. Sodium acetate.
d. Sodium chloride.

18.The colour of litmus indicator does not change when it is added to …… solution.
a. LiF
b. CrCl3
c. KNO3
d. NH4CI

19.Which of the following salt solutions contains hydroxide ions in concentration higher
than that of hydrogen ions ? .
a. Ba(NO3)2
b. NaCIO4
c. CH3COOK
d. CuSO4

20.The value of pH of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid = 2, what is the value pH

of the solution which is produced from adding 10 g of NaCl to this acid ?
a. pH = 1
b. pH = 2
c. pH =7
d. pH = 9