Selecting and
Organizing
Information
It is the most popular tool in generating creative and reach ideas. It
helps people establish patterns of ideas, develop new ways of
thinking, activate background knowledge, and overcome mental
block.
A. Idea list - involves listing ideas about a particular topic. It also
helps you find the main idea and supporting details from the
numerous ideas listed.
Topic - Unemployment
• Jobs
• Poverty
• Salary
• Lack of Education
• Lack of Jobs
• Low Salary
• Lack of Money
• Fresh Graduates
B. Idea Map - Put the big idea or question at the center. Then, add a
related idea by writing it down in a circle near the big idea, and drawing
a line between the two to show how the ideas are connected. Continue
this process of connecting ideas until you have generated enough
Lack of money
concepts.
Layoff
Unemployment
Effects
Lack of jobs Emotional problems
Causes
Lack of motivation Family Problem
are visual representations of concepts that helps us structure
information into organizational patterns. They present essential
information and connect these pieces of information into
coherent framework.
•
is used to compare and contrast ideas and events. This diagram uses two or
more overlapping circles to show similar and different attributes.
Ways
Only Only
they are
about about
the
item 1 item 2
same
Item 1 Item 2
is used to present hierarchy, classification, and branching. It is useful in
showing relationships of scientific categories, family trees, and even lineage.
is used to investigate and enumerate various aspects of a central idea, which could be a concept,
topic, or theme. This central idea is placed at the center of the map. The main idea is placed along
its diagonal line, while details of the main idea are placed on the sides of the diagonals.
displays the nature of the problem and how it can be solved. This map usually contains the problem’s
description, its causes and effects, and logical solutions.
Nature
Na
> Encompasses global
warming
Solution
Problem Causes
> Changes in the
reflectivity of Earth’s
atmosphere and surface
Effects
> Rising sea levels
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Linear Timeline
Set of Events A
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Set of Events B
Comparative Timeline
is a tool used to map events in a story. It is used to analyze the major parts of a plot. The major
events to be placed in the plot diagram are:
a. Exposition - The initial part where the characters, settings, and relationships are established.
b. Inciting moment - the part which brings about the change or the conflict
c. Rising action - the section where the conflict and the characters are developed.
d. Climax - the highest point of the story where the major events are confronted
e. Falling action - the events immediately following the climax which lead to the closure of the
conflict
f. Resolution - the conclusion or closure of the story
is used to show the logical sequence of events.
Series of Events Chain
Initiating Event
Event 1
Event 2
Final Outcome
Event 3
is used to better understand the causal relationship of a complex phenomenon. It shows the
factors that causes a specific event or problem, as well as details of each cause.
(cause category)
Highest income inequality rate Bribery in government agencies
in ASEAN countries
Poor
living
Large Families 935, 700 at risk of losing
condition
jobs
(cause category)
Effect (Problem)
Potential Causes
describes how a series of events interact to produce a set of results
repeatedly. Some examples of events that require a cycle are water cycle,
metamorphosis, and poverty cycle.
is used to map out arguments and evidence that prove a viewpoint.
This map is especially useful when processing persuasive or
argumentative texts.
Facts or Examples:
Reason 1: Provide examples or situations to prove your
reasons
Briefly state one reason
that would convince
someone that your
proposition is valid.
Proposition/Viewpoint:
A goal or thesis is a Conclusion:
statement that Conclude by restating
describes one side of an your proposition using a
arguable viewpoint. different sentence
Write your own goal or structure.
thesis here.
Reason 2:
Briefly state another
reason that would
convince someone that
your proposition is
valid.
is a tool for organizing ideas. When preparing
an outline, you can either use a decimal
outline or an alphanumeric outline. A decimal
outline only uses numbers as labels while
alphanumeric outline uses both letters and
numbers as labels
• Coordination - requires ideas of the same
relevance to be labeled in the same way.
• Subordination - shows that minor details have to
be placed under their perspective major details.
• Division - requires that no cluster should contain
only one item. (subheading 1 then there should be
subheading 2)
• Parallel Construction - requires all entries in each
cluster to use the same structure and format.
Topic Outline Sentence
Outline
•
it uses words and phrases as its entries. Generally, a topic outline
is used if the ideas being discussed can be arranged in a number
of ways.
I. Positive effects of uniform policy
A. Promotes school identity
B. Improves school security
II. Negative effects of uniform policy
A. Inhibits learning
B. Curtails individuality
it uses complete sentences as its entries. You use a sentence
outline when the topic being discussed is complicated and
requires details.
I. Student should not be mandated to wear uniforms because wearing uniform does not improve behavior nor does it
facilitate learning.
II. Wearing a uniform does not improve behavior.
A. Van der Laan confirms that wearing a uniform does not have direct positive impact on behavior.
B. Dr. Wallin confirms that the perceived positive impact of uniforms on students’ behavior is just a halo effect.
III. Wearing a uniform does not facilitate learning
A. A study by Seamon (1995) shows that there is a weak connection between academic performance and uniform
policy.
B. Dr. Badger (2008) claims that a standardized uniform policy does not improve school performance.
C. Dr. Brunsma (2006) confirms that there is no positive correlation between wearing a uniform and academic
achievement.
IV. On top of being insensitive to the individuality of students, implementing a uniform policy does not have a useful
advantages as well, as it does not present sufficient evidence that link it to positive influence on students’ behavior
and academic performance.
