Anatomy and Physiology-I
Year-I, Semester-I
Credit Hours: 03
Faculty: Farzana Kausar
Course Description:
This course introduces learners to the structures and functions of the human body.
Knowledge of Anatomy & Physiology will provide a better understanding and
integration to theoretical & clinical practice in nursing care situation.
Course Objectives:
On the completion of this course, the learners will be able to:
1. Describe the structure and function of various systems of the human body.
2. Discuss the role of homeostasis in maintaining normal body functioning.
3. Relate the basic anatomy & physiology concepts to the nursing care of clients.
Course Expectations:
1. Attend all lectures as per policy.
2. Pre-reading and preparation for each class.
3. Completion of quizzes and examination on due dates.
4. Participates actively in classes and tutorials.
Required Reading:
1. Ross, & Wilson. (2000) Anatomy & Physiology in Health & Illness. Edinburgh:
Churchill, Eight Edition
UNIT OBJECTIVES:
Unit I: Introduction to the Body as a Whole
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define the term Anaatery & Physiology (A&P)
2. Understand the relationship between A&P
3. Define level of organization of the body
4. Define anatomical position
5. Describe the various body planes.
6. Define the body cavities.
7. Discuss body cavities and list the organs lying within each cavity
8. Identify abdominal pelvic region & quadrant
9. Identify the organs present in Nine (9) abdomino pelvic regions.
10. Briefly discuss the importance of abdomino pelvic quadrants and regions.
Unit II: Homeostasis & Adaptation
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define the term homeostasis
2. Discuss the factors which effect homeostasis
3. Define feedback mechanism and its components.
4. Discuss the role of feedback mechanisms in maintenance of homeostasis with
examples.
Unit III: Cell, Tissues & Membrane
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Describe the structure and functions of a cell
2. Discuss the process of cell division i.e. mitosis and meiosis.
3. Briefly discuss the importance of mitosis & meiosis.
4. Classify the tissues of the body on the basis of structure, location and function
into the following four major types.
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Unit IV: The Skeletal System
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define skeletal system
2. Discuss the structure, types and functions of bone
3. List the functions of the skeletal system
4. Identify the bones of axial & appendicular skeleton
[Link] the various markings on the surface of bones
6. Describe the bones of:
The skull
Vertebral column
The rib cage or chest
Pectoral girdle and upper extremity
Pelvic girdle and lower extremity
7. Briefly discuss the difference between male & female pelvis.
Unit V: The Joints
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define the term joint.
2. List three types of joints I.e.
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
3. Describe the common characteristic features of a synovial joint.
4. List the types of synovial joints.
5. Discuss the types of movements possible at synovial joints.
Unit VI: The Muscular System
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define the following terms fascia, epimysium perimysium, endomysium, tendons
and aponeurosis
2. Describe the location and function of major muscles of:
The neck
The face
The back
The arms
The legs
Unit VII: Integumentary System (Skin, Nail & Hair)
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Describe the structure of two layers of skin
Epidermis
Dermis
2. Briefly discuss the structure & function of skin derivatives.
Sweat gland
Sebaceous gland
Hair
Nail
3. Discuss the following functions of skin
Protection
Regulation of body temperature
Sensation
Absorption
Excretion
Unit VIII: The Cardiovascular System
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define blood and list its functions
2. Describe the composition, sites of production and functions of cellular parts of
blood and plasma
3. Briefly explain the ABO blood groups & Rh factor.
4. Explain the structure and function of:
Arteries
Veins &
Capillaries
5. Describe the location, structure and functions of the heart and its great blood
vessels.
6. Discuss the blood flow through the heart
7. Describe the structure and functional features of the conducting system of the
heart.
8. Describe the principle events of a cardiac cycle.
9. Describe the following types of blood circulation:
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation (coronary & hepatic portal circulation).
Unit IX: The Lymphatic System
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define lymph & the lymphatic system
2. Identify the organs of lymphatic system
3. Describe the general functions of the lymphatic system
4. Describe how lymph is formed
5. Describe the lymph vessels & how lymph is returned to the blood vessels
6. Describe the structure and functions of the lymph nodes, nodules, spleen and
the thymus glands.
Unit X: The Digestive System
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. define the digestive system and list its functions
2. Identify the various organs of digestive system
3. Describe the anatomy & physiology of digestive organs
4. Discuss the role of accessory organs in digestion
5. Discuss digestion of food with in
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
6. Discuss the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system
7. Discuss the process of defecation.
