Grammar

Grammar

Topic: Perfect Continuous Tense

Learning Objectives: The students should:
(a) Explain perfect continuous tense
(b) Identify the tense in given sentences
(c) Use the tense in making correct sentences
Starter: Identify the parts of speech to which the words in the box below
belong:
Humility humble goal habitual take agreement

indolence of about hey! start hosted upgrade writer
so yet because frail directly often shoo!
Recall - Simple Tenses – Present, past, future

Simple present tense – indicates an action which takes place in the present. It
has only one verb. It is used to show habitual actions, universal truths, actions
taking place in the immediate present, future fixed actions.
Examples, (a) I play tennis everyday. (b) Sugar is sweet. (c) Here comes the bus.
(d) The bus leaves at 5pm.
Simple past tense – indicates actions that happened in the past. It also has one
verb. It is used to show actions that are completed, past habits, actions that
continued for some time in the past.
Examples, (a) I listened to the news yesterday. (b) He always sat under that
tree. (c) We lived here for three years.
Simple future tense – tells us about the action that will take place in the
future. It has two verbs – auxiliary verb (will or shall) + (the main verb). It can
also be expressed using the verbs, ‘going to’.
Examples, I will visit you tomorrow. (b) I shall go to the shop. (c) We are going
to offer him some money.
Continuous Tenses – Present, Past, Future
The continuous tense indicates continuity of actions. This means that the
action being described has not ended but are still going on.
Present continuous tense – tells us about actions that are taking place in the
present at the same time of reporting. It is formed with the verbs:
‘am/is/are + ‘ing’ form of the main verb (present participle).
Examples, (1) I am walking to the office. (2) He is eating the cakes. (3) They are
speaking to the High Commissioner.
Past continuous tense – indicates an action that was taking place in the past. It
is formed with the verbs: ‘was/were + ing’ form of the main verb (present
participle)
Examples, (1) Mother was making the cakes. (2) We were studying our books.
Future continuous tense – expresses an action that will be going on at some
time in the future. It is formed with the verbs ‘will + be + ing’ form of the main
verb.
Examples, (1) I will be going on holidays in June. (2) The teacher will be
marking our books on Tuesday.
Perfect tenses – Present, past, future

Perfect tenses indicate actions that have ended.
Present perfect tense – this indicates a completed action in the present. It is
formed with the verbs: ‘has/have + the past participle form of the main verb’.
Examples, (1) He has done the job. (2) We have finished our lesson.
Note that you should not use any time indicating a past time with the present
perfect tense. E.g., I have taken the job in May (wrong). I took the job in May.
Past perfect tense – it expresses actions which were completed in the past.it
can also express two things that happened in the past with one happening
before the other. E.g., He had gone to the post office before the letter arrived.
It is formed with the verbs: ‘had + past participle of the main verb.
Examples, (1) Aashna had started that job in January. (2) We had already
written the exams.
Future perfect tense – it expresses and action which will be completed in the
future. It is formed with the verbs: ‘shall/will + has/have + the past participle of
the main verb’.
Examples, (1) I will have finished my study at the university in 2030. (2) Krishna
will have gone to the competition.
THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

It expresses an action that started in the past and continues at the time of
speaking. This can be in the present, past or the future.
Present perfect continuous tense
The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect
progressive tense) shows that something started in the past and is
continuing at the present time.
The present perfect continuous is formed using the construction has/have

been + the present participle (root + -ing).
Example, I have been reading War and Peace for a month now.
More examples,
Past perfect continuous tense
The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect
progressive tense) shows that an action that started in the past continued
up until another time in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is
constructed using had been + the verb’s present participle (root + -ing).
Example, He had been drinking milk out the carton when Mom walked into the
kitchen.
More examples,
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the future perfect
progressive, is a verb tense that describes actions that will continue up until
a point in the future. The future perfect continuous consists of will + have +
been + the verb’s present participle (verb root + -ing).
When we describe an action in the future perfect continuous tense, we are

projecting ourselves forward in time and looking back at the duration of that
activity.
Example, In November, I will have been working at my company for three years.
More examples,

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Grammar

Topic: Perfect Continuous Tense

Humility humble goal habitual take agreement

Recall - Simple Tenses – Present, past, future

Perfect tenses – Present, past, future

THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present perfect continuous tense

The present perfect continuous is formed using the construction has/have

When we describe an action in the future perfect continuous tense, we are

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