ASSESSMENT ON THE LEVEL OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

PRACTICES AMONG MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES ( MSE’s)

BUSINESSES IN BARANGAY, OSPITAL ALORAN MISAMIS
OCCIDENTAL

A Business Research Proposal Presented

To the Faculty of the College of Business Administration

John Buco Colegio De Jimenez Inc.Formerly Adventist Technological Institute

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major in Financial Management

DESIREE B. HARAYO

TRACY S. VILLAMINO

ANJILINE C. TABATA

May 2024
ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This business research entitled “ASSESSMENT ON THE LEVEL OF

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG MSE’s IN
BARANGAY OSPITAL ALORAN MIS. OCC.” submitted by Desiree Harayo,
Tracy Villamino, Anjiline Tabata partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Financial Management,
has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral
Examination.

Mrs. Laarne O. Acmad

Adviser

Approved by the Research Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of

________.

Mr. Lovere Revelo,DM

Chairman

Mr. Jomar P. Suson, MBA Mr. Ryan Ram G. Elasterio, MBA

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Financial Management.

Date of Research Proposal: March 17, 2024

Date of Final Oral Defense: May 10, 2024

LOIDA E. MALINIS, MBA

Program Head

Date: May 2024

iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researcher acknowledgment and gives their warmest appreciation and gratitude to

the following who made this work possible. As we come together to commemorate this

important points in our academic journey, we would want to express our sincere gratitude

and profound appreciation to the extraordinary people who have contributed significantly to

our growth and success.

First and foremost, we would want to sincerely thank Romel Bryan Acmad, our

respected former Chairman and instructor. Your steadfast commitment, direction, and

mentoring have made a lasting impression on all of us. Your dedication to excellence and

enthusiasm for education have motivated us to achieve more.

To Loida Malinis, our new instructor. Our educational process is given new life by

your energy, knowledge, and innovative viewpoint. We considered ourselves extremely lucky

to have you as a member of our academic community, and we look forward to the wisdom

and information you will share with us.

We especially thank our Chairman, Lovere Revelo, for his unwavering support and

excellent leadership. We appreciate all that you have done to support our academic progress

and well-being.

To our panelist, Ryan Ram Elesterio and Jomar Suson,for their insightful comments,

helpful criticism, and support during our academic journey. Your knowledge and commitment

have enhanced our education and given us the tools we need to succeed.
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To our adviser, Laarne Acmad, express our deepest gratitude for your invaluable

guidance, unwavering support. And profound insights throughout this journey. Your expertise

and encouragement have been instrumental in shaping this work into what it is today.

We are grateful to the forward-thinking SME’s owners of Barangay Ospital Aloran for

their steadfast support and dedication yo our academic endeavors. We sincerely appreciate the

opportunity you given to us, and your engagement and investment in our future is a great

example of community and cooperation.

Last but certainly not the least, we extend our deepest appreciation to our parents,

whose unwavering support, sacrifices, and encouragement have made our educational journey

possible.

And finally, to our Almighty God, we offer our humble gratitude for blessing us with

the strength, wisdom, and opportunities to pursue our dreams.

The Researchers

DEDICATION
v

To the spirit of innovation, resilience, and collaboration, the researcher stands

as a testament to the collective effort of many, extending our heartfelt gratitude to;

Mr. Joseph Harayo, whose unwavering financial support has made this journey

possible

Mr. Rowel Villamino, whose fatherly care and encouragement have lifted us

during challenging times.

And Angelito Tabata, whose encouragement and support has made our journey

possible.

Thank you for being the foundation of our success.

The Researcher

ABSTRACT
vi

Working capital management is crucial for assessing the economic viability of a

business. It is often overlooked when developing a project's budget, but profitable and
growing businesses have recently shown interest in it. Effective cash management
allows for investment in potential customers, favorable supplier terms, and customer
credit terms. Working capital is essential for price stability, increased productivity, and
seizing opportunities in today's fast-paced business world. This study assesses the level
of working capital management implemented by small and micro enterprises in Brgy.
Ospital, Aloran, Misamis Occidental. It aims to identify the least practiced component
of working capital management practices, specifically cash management, account
receivable management, and inventory management. Recommendations will be
provided to enhance the implementation of working capital management practices by
the respondent. This study was conducted to assess the working capital management of
SME in Brgy. Ospital, Aloran, Misamis Occidental, with sixty five (65) respondents
who were the SME owners or manager. The instrument tool was validated using
Cronbach's alpha which resulted that all indicators stipulated are acceptable and
reliable for data gathering.

Keywords: Micro enterprise, small enterprises, cash management,account

receivable,inventory management
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE. . . . . . . . . i

APPROVAL SHEET. . . . . . . . ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT. . . . . . . . iii

DEDICATION. . . . . . . . . v

ABSTRACT. . . . . . . . vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . vii

LIST OF TABLES. . . . . . . . . x

LIST OF FIGURES. . . . . . . . x

Chapter 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. . . . . .

Conceptual Framework. . . . . . . 3

Schematic diagram . . . . . . . 5

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . 6

Significance of the Study . . . . . . . 7

Scope and Limitations . . . . . . . . 8

Research Methodology . . . . . . . 9

Design . . . . . . . 9

Setting . . . . . . . . . 9

Respondents . . . . . . . . 10

Instruments. . . . . . . . 10

Validation of Research . . . . . 11
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Data Gathering . . . . . 11

Statistical Tool . . . . . . 12

Verbal Interpretation . . . . . . . 13

Ethical Consideration . . . . . . 13

Definition of Terms . . . . . . 14

Chapter 2

Related Review Literature 16

Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 20

Respondents’ Responses in terms of Cash Management. . . 20

Respondents’ Responses in terms of Account Receivable Management 21

Respondents’ Responses in terms of Inventory Management 22

Least Prevalent Working Capital Management practices . . . 23

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 25

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS . . . . 25

CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . 26

RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . 26

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . 27

APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . 30

A - Level of Working Capital Management Practices Questionnaire 30

B - Permission Letters - . . . . . 36

C - Cronbachs Alpa Result . . . . . . 39

D – Pictures 41
ix

E- SPSS Result 43

F - Curriculum Vitae. 49

LIST OF TABLES
x

Table Page

1 Scoring Procedure
12

2 Respondents’ Responses in terms of Cash Management 20

3. Respondents’ Responses in terms of Account Receivable Management 21

4. Respondents’ Responses in terms of Inventory Management 22

5 Least Prevalent marketing strategy practices

23

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Schematic Diagram of the Study (Quantitative). . . 5

1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the study

Current, working capital management played an important role in assessing the

economic viability of a business. In terms of the value of working capital management in

developing a project’s budget, it is almost unnoticed. Most profitable and growing

businesses have been interested in working capital recently. Effective business cash

management edge by allowing yourself to invest in the development of potential

customers, negotiate good terms with suppliers, and offer good credit terms to customers.

Working capital is essential to maintain price stability, increase productivity, and take

advantage of opportunities in today’s fast-paced business world. Business are classified

based on their revenues and employees as well. There are 3 categories on determining the

type of business, namely Micro, small and medium. If the business has less than

3,000,000 revenue and 1-9 employees, it falls into the small business category. Small

businesses if they have more than 3,000,001 and less than 15,000,000 and this includes

10-99 employees. Medium enterprises as having assets 15,000,001-100,000,000 and 100-

199 workers (Department of Trade and Industry).

Hinaya et. Al (2021) Examined the impact of working capital management on the

sustainable performance of firms. It revealed that there is a significance impact of

working capital management variables on the sustainable performance of firm. This

research study would be beneficial for all nonfinancial firms in the manufacturing

industry to understand importance of efficient working capital management in order to

2

increase their sustainability performance and to better determined the various that affect

the sustainable growth rate. Tanveer et al. (2016) stated that working capital is one of the

controversial issues in corporate finance. It involved a set of financial decisions that is

both difficult and key to the success of any given firm because it has an influenced on

return and profitability. Working capital management is highly complicated because it

concerned current asset and current liabilities. Jabbouri et. Al. (2022) examined the

impact of working capital management on firm performance. It demonstrated that

financially constrained are coerced to adopt an aggressive of WCM approach to reduce

investment to working capital, minimize financing cost and improve financial

performance.

Micro, Small Enterprises (MSEs) formed the backbone of many economies

around the world, contributing significantly to employment, innovation and economic

growth. However, while conducting initial interviews with respondent, it was discovered

that MSE’s in Aloran often struggle in effectively managing their working capital. Two

of the most important challenges faced by business owners are lack of knowledge &

skills and limited financial resources, it tries to identify the challenges of micro and small

enterprise by delving into these areas. Understanding these deficiencies is important for

governments and businesses design appropriate interventions and recommendations to

support the long-term economic health and the resilience of micro and small enterprise

businesses.

This study aims to assessed the level of working capital management

implemented by the small and micro enterprises in Brgy. Ospital, Aloran, Misamis

Occidental. It will also identify which of the components of Working capital management
3

practices in terms of Cash management, Account Receivable management and Inventory

management is the less practice to provide recommendations for the enhancement of

working capital management practices implemented by the respondent.

Conceptual Framework

This study is anchored on the concept of the of study of Corpuz and Bool (2021)

entitled ‘Working Capital Management Practices and Sustainability of Barangay Micro

Enterprises (BMBEs) in Ilocos Norte, Philippines’. These stated that the variables of

Working Capital management practices are Cash Management, Account Receivable

Management and Inventory Management.

According to Tuovilla (August 2023) that working Capital Management is a

business strategy designed to ensure that a company operates efficiently by monitoring

and using its current assets and liabilities of the business which includes Cash,

Inventories and Accounts Receivable.

Corpuz and Bool (2021) stated that Cash management is vital as it is main factor to

any successful business. Companies that efficient cash management achieved success.

Implementing a sound cash management system will guarantee that financial risk is

better controlled. Account receivable management revealed that most SME’s sell their

product on credit basis and disclose the credit policy to customers.It revealed that a unit

increase in credit granting decision would enhance the performances of MSE’s.

Inventory Management practiced physical counting and regular tracking of the stocks is

a tiring and time-consuming activity for business owners. Likewise, they practiced

recording all new stock purchases in the books, the conduct of inventory or physical
4

counting of stocks regularly, the practice of first-in and last-out, and projecting the

required inventory level regularly for a specified time. Inventory management found that

it has a significant relationship with SMEs' performance by improving financial health

and operation efficiency for the company. This indicates that a unit increase in inventory

management leads to increased performance of a firms.

In this study the dimensions on marketing strategy are define conceptually and

operationally in the following:

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT-on firm performance between large firms and

small firms is different. A small can increase its profit by reducing investment in

working capital, which can be done by shortening the collection period and reducing

inventory turnover.

CASH MANAGEMENT -small and medium enteprises (SME’s) conformed to

business institution conventional liquidity management mechanism by safeguarding

financial records, supplementing cash shortages with loans from the banks,savings profit

daily and spending within their financial capability.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT - SME’s managed accounts receivables

by selling on credit to customers. Before such arrangement,formal credit investigation

were made to ascertain the credit worthiness od customers.

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT- SME’S buys stocks from local companies in

moderate quantities,and regular stock taking is the oprators strategies to manage their

inventory.
5

Theotrical Frameworks

According to Abemola and Kolawale (2019), good working capital management

practices have significance to SME’s performance. It helps SME’s operate efficiently,

increase sales, attract customers loyalty, and aids in building up long term relationship

with customer .Additionally,Abemola & Kolawale (2019),revealed that SME’s

performance has a strong positive relationship with cash management practices, which

indicates that SME’s having more efficient cash management practices perform

better.On the other hand, Abemola & Kolawale (2019), their study revealed that a unit

increased in credit granting decision would enhance the performance of SME’s. This

should that the SME’s would have a better customer loyalty . Lastly, Abimola &

Kolawale (2019), revealed thst both the inventory investment and the inventory turnover

had positive relationship with SME’s performance. This indicates that a unit increased

in inventory turn over leads to increase performance and a unit increased in inventory

investment also leads to an incresed in SME's performance.

6

Level of Working Capital

Management Practices in

forms of: Proposed Enhancement

Program on Working Capital

1.1 Cash Management
Management
1.2 Account Receivable

Management

1.3 Inventory Management

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

7

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to identify the working capital management practices of SME’s

businesses in Barangay Ospital Aloran.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the level of working capital management practices among SME’s of Aloran

in terms of:

1.1 Cash Management;

1. 2 Account Receivable Management;

1.3 Inventory Management?

2. Which of the working capital variables is the least practice of the respondents?

3. Base on the findings what recommendation can be proposed to enhance the working

capital management of Small and Micro enterprise in Brgy. Ospital, Aloran, Misamis

Occidental?

Significance of the Study

The research “ Working Capital Management Practices among MSEs Businesses in

Barangay Ospital Aloran Misamis Occidental” provides valuable insights for:

8

Business Owners: The study will help the owners by ensuring the efficient use of

resources, maintaining liquidity, and making informed decisions to improve profitability

and sustainability.

Investors : Understanding the working capital management practices of MSE’s

businesses can help investors assess the financial health and potential return on

investments of these enterprises, informing their investment decisions.

Lenders:.Financial institutions can use these insights to better understand the

creditworthiness of MSE’s businesses and lending products and terms accordingly.

Understanding the working capital needs and management practices of borrowers can

help lenders mitigate risk and optimize loan structures.

Policy Makers: Findings from the research can inform policymakers about the

challenges MSE’s businesses face in managing their working capital effective. This can

lead to the development of policies and programs aimed at supporting MSE’s businesses

and promoting sustainable practices.

Future Researchers: Researcher can use data and analysis from this study to further

explore the level of working capital management practices in MSE’s businesses,

providing valuable insights for study in the fields of finance, entrepreneurship, and small

business management.

Scope and Limitation

Studying the level of working capital management practices among MSE’s

businesses in Barangay Ospital, Aloran is the goal of this research. To assessed how
9

working capital executed that looks in the metrics (1.1-3). The researchers will gather

data collection through selected respondents. The respondents of this study are the

owners and employees of MSE’s businesses in Aloran Misamis Occidental. This study

will be conducted the 2nd semester of S.Y 2023-2024.

REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

Amelia. Et. Al (2020) provide empirical evidence on the effects of working

capital management of profitability of small and medium sized firms. It indicates that a

reduction in the inventories held and in the number of days of firms take to settle their

commercial liabilities and collect payments from each costumer associated to a corporate

profitability Singh et. Al (2020) Provide a review of the existing literature available

working capital management. It reveals that much focus is paid on investigating the

empirical relationship between working capital management and firm performance.

Afrifa et. Al (2020) shows that there is a concave relationship between working capital

level and firm profitability and that there is an optimal working capital level at which

profitability is maximize. Furthermore, an examination ask to whether or not deviation

from the optimal working capital level reduce firms profitability indicate that deviation

above or below the optimum decrease profitability.

Local Literature
10

Romero et. al (2019). Working capital management involves the regulation of

both cash and current liabilities to minimize the risk of bankruptcy and increase the return

on asset of a company. The study examined the effects of working capital management

on the profitablity of small and medium enterprises. It revealed that inventory

management had the highest effect on profitability, and account receivable had the least

effect on the same. Inventory management and cash conversion cycle both indicated a

significant relationship while account receivable was not significant because of the nature

of the business. Villanueva et. al (2020) Assess the necessity to have an efficient working

capital management within SMEs. Majority of SMEs lack an established standard credit

policy. It was revealed that various components in working capital management like cash

flow, and accounts receivable management greatly affect the liquidity and profitability of

SMEs. Due to the mismanagement of its working capital, some SMEs struggle in order to

survive in industry. Hence, the significance of working capital management promotes

stable , liquid and profitable of SMEs. According to Capina (2021) Micro and Small

Enterprises comprise the largest part of business economic undertakings and are among

the most important development agents in rural communities like Marinduque. Most of

the micro and small enterprises in the country perform behind the neighboring

municipalities and assessing the impact of their management practices on operational

function (marketing, production, financial, human resources) and the significant

relationship to MSEs (sales, production and income) as the basis for interventions.

Foreign Studies

Working capital management efficiency is critical incorporate finance to

maximize shareholders wealth. It is a form of short term resource management that has a
11

significant link with short term finance and investment decision. Working capital

management that is effective has a significant influence on profitability this link is

essential in business condition. (Akbar et Al. 2021). Firm performance is determined by

profitability measures. From a financial performance standpoint a company can be said to

be performing well if it makes greater use of its assets than each rivals or competitors

(Morara and Sibindi 2021, p.3). According to Mandipa and Sabindi (2022), the study

examines the relationship between the finance performance and working capital

management practices of south Africa retail firms listed on the Johannesburg stock

exchange. This study sample compressed a panel of 16 south African region firms for the

period 2010 to 2019. The study concludes that working capital management practices

influence the financial performance of south Africa retail firms it is recommended that

south African retail firms observe prudent optimal working capital management practices

as this influence the financial performance.

Local Studies

Gatawa (2022) Working capital management is a core management function that

should be fully implemented to ensure accuracy and adequate control of short -term

assets and long-term liabilities. This implication that modern managers are concern about

their business flow and that they ensure that the resources entrusted and properly

management. They are models for good working capital management practices wherein

they ensure enough capacity and turnover of their current asset in order to pay their

obligations on time. According to Moestiero (2022). Working capital management

practices are fundamental to any business operation to maximize operational efficiency,

ensure optimum profitability, and achieve business sustainability. However, there was a
12

clear gap in the literature that linked working capital management practices to business

sustainability. This study investigated the working capital management practices

including cash management, account receivable management practices and inventory

management practices and their significant effects on economic sustainability in 85

selected registered micro-business enterprises in Lipa City , Batangas. Marcos (2021)

Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises are an essential part of global economy, acting as a

catalyst for economic growth and development. This studies aims to examines the

financial management practices and profitability of MSEs. It also emphasizes the

importance of MSEs in the global economy, particularly in emerging economies and the

profitability of businesses. It also demonstrated the importance of making better financial

management decisions base on effective on financial management practices, which are

crucial for MSMEs survival growth and profitability.

13

CHAPTER 2

Research Methodology

This portion of the study discussed the various methodologies that the researchers

choose to use in the study. It includes the Research Design, Research Respondents, and

Research Instrument, Scoring Procedure, Data Gathering, Statistical Tools and Ethical

Considerations.

Research Design

A quantitative descriptive method was utilized in this research to assessed the

working capital management practices among MSE’s businesses in Barangay Ospital,

Aloran. Quantitative research is the process that involved in collecting and analyzing

numerical data that can be used to make predictions and generalized result to wider

population.

Research Settings

This research was conducted among MSEs businesses in Barangay Ospital Aloran

Misamis Occidental. Barangay Ospital, Aloran Misamis Occidental is situated at

approximately 8.4150,123.8225, in the island of Mindanao. Elevation at these

coordinates is estimated at 7.0 meters or 23.0 feet above sea level. It’s population as

determined by the 2020 census was 522. This represented 1.87% of the total population

of Aloran. (PhilAtlas 2022) This study was conducted within the 2 nd semester of

academic year 2024.

14

Research Respondents

The study targeted Micro and Small enterprises (MSE’s) operating at Barangay

Ospital, Aloran. The study used random sampling techniques in coming up with the

sample size of the study. Simple random sampling techniques is used as it minimizes

sampling errors as its elements in the target population is accorded equal. The researcher

used Raosoft calculator to get the sample size of 65, out of 78 total MSE’s in Barangay

Ospital Aloran. The respondents of this study consist of 65 business owners from the

MSE’s in Barangay Ospital Aloran.

Respondents Distribution

BUSINESS TYPES Number of Respondents

MICRO 62

SMALL 3

TOTAL 65

Research Instrument

This study will employed a standardized checklist survey questionnaire adapted

from the research study of Corpuz and Bool (2021) “Working Capital Management

Practices of sustainability among Barangay Micro Business Enterprises in Ilocos Norte,

15

Philippines”. However, the questions were modified in order to fit objective of this study.

The questionnaire consist only one part. It assess the level of working capital

management practices using Likert- type scale, the respondents were asked to choose the

answer using (4) strongly agree, (3) agree, (2) disagree, (1) strongly disagree.

Validation of Research Instruments

Pilot testing was conducted at least 30 nonparticipants but with the same

characteristics of the participant of this study to test the reliability of the instrument. The

result will be treated through Cronbach’s Alpha. It measured reliability, or internal

consistency, hence test to see if Likert scale surveys are reliable. The closer is to 1.0, the

greater the internal consistency of the item in the scale. Moreover, George and Malley

(2023) provided the following rules of thumb: {>0.9 Excellent; {>0.8-Good; {>0.7-

Acceptable;{>0.6-Poor; and {<0.5-Unacceptable. The results shows the dimension that

the level of cash management is 0.76 which is acceptable, Account recievable

management is 0.79 which is acceptable, inventory management is 0.80 which is good.

Data Gathering

In gathering data process involved the distribution of questionnaire to the

selected respondents. Prior to distributing the questionnaire. The researcher will obtain

the necessary permissions and approval from the micro businesses in Barangay Ospital,

Aloran. The questionnaires was distributed in person, depending on the preferences and

convenience of the respondents. The researcher also provide clear instructions and ensure

the confidentiality and anonymity of the respondents data. The collect data were

tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using IBM Statistical Package for the Social
16

Science (SPSS) Statistical Version 25. Furthermore, in accordance with R.A 10173, or

the data privacy Act of 2012, all personal and / or sensitive information solicited and

disclosed from this data gathering be used only for the study alone. The researcher

ensured that the data gathering be kept private, confidential can be used for academic

purpose only.

Statistical Tools/ Treatment of Data

For more precised interpretation of the data gathered from the survey

questionnaires, the researchers used the following statistical procedure:

1. Weighted Mean- This procedure used to measure to extent to which respondents

assessed the given research variables.

The following scale was used in interpreting the computed weighted mean. The survey

scale and interpretation used in the study is presented below.

Scoring Procedure

Weigh Scale/Ran Description Implication

4 3.25-4.00 Strongly Agree Highly Practice

3 2.50-3.24 Agree Moderately Practice

2 1.75-2.49 Disagree Practice

1 1.00-1.74 Strongly Disagree Less Practice

17

Note Scale: 1.0-1.74 (Strongly Disagree); 1.75-2.49 (Disagree);2.50-3.24(Agree);3.25-

4.0(Strongly Agree)

Verbal Interpretation

4- This indicates that the respondents strongly agreed on the indicators pertaining to the

assessment on the working capital management practices among MSEs which implied it

is highly practice in their implementation.

3- This indicates that the respondent agreed on the indicators pertaining to the assessment

on the working capital management practices among MSEs which implied it is

Moderately practice in their implementation.

2-This indicates that the respondents disagreed on the indicators pertaining to the

assessment on the working capital management practices among MSEs which implied it

is Practice in their implementation.

1-This indicates that the respondents strongly disagreed on the indicators pertaining to the

assessment on the working capital management practices among MSEs which implied it

is Less Practice in their implementation.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers explain in both oral and written communication to the owners about

the purpose of this study and they have the rights to decline to participate and have the

right to have copy of the results of the study if they wish. The owners signed a consent
18

form. That form was proof of their willingness to participate in this study and was not

forced in any way. The researchers of this study adhered to the ethical guidelines of

conducting research study. All data were kept and were only used for this research.

Definition of terms

Working Capital- represent the difference between a company’s liquidity and short term

financial health (https://www.investopedia.com) It refers to the amount that individuals

used for day- to- day operations in the business.

Micro Business - a business that operate on a very small scale. (

https://www.investopedia.com) . In the study, it means that it is the respondents of the

study.

Small Enterprise- Have small number of employees and less annual revenue

(https://www.investopedia.com). In the study, it means that it is the respondents of the

study

Cash Management -monitoring and maintaining of cash flow to ensure that a business

has enough funds to functions.(https://www.investopedia.com) In the study, it refers to

the variables that is used to assessed how effective their working capital management

practices in their business.

Account Receivable Management - is an asset account on the balance sheet that

represents money due to a company in the short term. (https://www.investopedia.com) In

the study, it refers to the variables that is used to assessed how effective their working

capital management practices in their business.

19

Inventory management - is the process of ordering, storing and using company’s

inventory: raw material components, and finished products.

(https://www.investopedia.com) In the study, it refers to the variables that is used to

assessed how effective their working capital management practices in their business.
20

Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter showed the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data

gathered by the researchers.

Table 2
Respondents’ Responses in terms of Cash Management
Indicators Mean SD Interpretation

1. We always maintain an optimal level of 3.36 .48635 Strongly agree

cash on our working capital.

2. We are only accepting cash as payments 2.52 .58916 Agree

on our sales

3. We separate money on our business 3.06 .89925 Agree

from our personal money

4. We are performing bank reconciliation 2.06 .76805 Disagree

5. We are preparing cash flow statement in 2.61 .57804 Agree

order to manage our cash efficiently

Grand Mean 2.72 0.6666 Agree

The table shows the respondents’ responses in terms of Cash Management. The

indicator that states “We always maintain an optimal level of cash on our working

capital” had the highest mean of 3.36 which designates that the respondent utilizes

properly their working capital. While the respondents disagreed that they are performing
21

bank reconciliation which implies that the respondents have no checking account. The

grand mean of 2.72 on the respondents’ responses on their level of cash management

signifies that cash management is moderately practice by the respondents.

Euclea (2023) Cash management is a critical aspect of any successful business,

but it is particularly crucial for small businesses. In simple terms, "cash flow" refers to

the amount of money coming in and going out of a business. It is essential to manage

cash flow effectively to ensure the smooth operation of a small business, as well as its

long-term viability. One of the most significant risks facing micro and small Enterprises

is a shortage of cash. If a business runs out of cash, it can't pay its bills, make payroll, or

invest in growth opportunities. Without cash, a small business may have to shut down

altogether.

Table 3

Respondents’ Responses in terms of Account Receivable Management

Indicators Mean SD Interpretation
1. We grants credits to our customers to 2.98 1.13870 Agree
increase our sales.

2. We are implementing credit policies 3.20 .77460 Agree

such as credit terms.

3. We implement Accounts Receivable 2.69 .58425 Agree

collection period.

4. We monitor receivables by 3.18 .55600 Agree

maintaining individual records of
customers

5.We have established effective 3.50 .75256 Strongly Agree

communication channels with customer
to promptly address payments
22

discrepancies

Grand Mean 3.11 0.76122 Agree

The table showed the respondents’ responses in terms of Account receivable

management. The indicator stated that “We have established effective communication

channels with customer to promptly address payments discrepancies” gets the highest

mean 3.50, which was strongly agreed by the respondents. It signified that the

respondents are making use of communication channels to address payment discrepancies

from the customers. Meanwhile, the lowest mean 2.69 denotes that the respondents

agreed are aware on the relevance of implementing accounts receivable collection period.

The grand mean 3.11 indicates that the respondents agreed on the indicators on account

receivable management, which implies that the SME owners in Barangay Ospital, Aloran

moderately practice account receivable management.

From the study of Gocar (2023) Receivables management is an important part of

running a business. It is an essential part of generating cash inflow in the company and

has a huge impact on future cash flow. When there is a delay in payment at the customer's

end, this can cause a cash flow shortage for the company.

Table 4
Respondents’ Responses in terms of Inventory Management
Indicators Mean SD Interpretation
1. We are returning spoiled/ damaged 3.61 .49029 Strongly Agree
goods to minimize inventory
shrinkage's.

2. We installed CCTV in place to 3.13 .86380 Agree

prevent theft.

3. We prepare ending inventory reports 3.18 .72656 Agree

23

and compares them with the physical

count.

4. We applies different inventory 3.18 .88198 Agree

policies to determine the desired level
of inventory.

5. We observed FIRST IN FIRST 3.16 .71958 Agree

OUT (FIFO) method.

Grand Mean 3.25 0.73644 Strongly Agree

The table above showed the respondents’ responses in terms of Inventory

Management. The highest mean of 3.61 indicates that respondents Strongly agreed that

returning damage goods prevent inventory shrinkage. While the lowest mean 3.13 shows

that the respondents SME installed cctv in place to protect their inventories from theft

and other bad elements. It has a grand mean 3.25 which signifies that the respondents

strongly agreed on the relevance of inventory management and signifies that respondents

highly practice Inventory management.

According to Karim (2023) Every successful business acknowledges the central

role inventory management played in its daily operations. Particularly for small and

medium enterprises (SMEs), the need to efficiently manage inventory - the lifeblood of

any retail or wholesale business - cannot be overstated. However, inventory management

is often a challenging task for SMEs due to resource constraints, lack of expertise, and

the countless other tasks that running a business involves.

Table 5
Least prevalent working capital management practices
Marketing Strategy Grand SD Interpretation
Mean
Cash Management 2.72 .46713 Agree
24

Account Receivable Management 3.11 .54769 Agree

Inventory Management 3.25 .57524 Strongly Agree

The table showed descriptive test of the Mean for Cash management, account

receivable management, and inventory management. It show that the least prevalent of

among the working capital management practices is Cash management with the grand

mean of 2.72, which were agreed by the respondents, this indicates that cash management

is the least practice among the SME in Barangay Ospital, Aloran.

25

Chapter 4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presented the summary of findings, the conclusions made, and the

recommendations endorsed.

Summary

This study was conducted to assess the marketing strategy practices of SME in

Brgy. Ospital, Aloran, Misamis Occidental, this study aimed to attained its objective by

answering the statement of the problems stipulated in chapter one such as: What are the

level of marketing strategy practices implemented by the small and micro enterprises in

Brgy. Ospital, Aloran, Misamis Occidental in terms of: Product strategy; Pricing strategy;

Promotion strategy; and Place/distribution strategy? The second statement of the problem

was Which of the marketing strategy practices is less practice among the small and micro

enterprises in the Municipality of Aloran, Misamis Occidental? and lastly the third

statement of the problem was Based on the findings, what recommendation could be

proposed to enhance the marketing strategy practices among SMEs in Barangay Ospital,

Aloran? The objective of the study was achieved by employing a descriptive quantitative

research design with sixty five (65) respondents who were the SMEs owners or manager

in Brgy. Ospital, ALoran Misamis Occidnetal. The adopted modified instrument tool was

validated using Cronbach's alpha which resulted that all indicators stipulated are

acceptable and reliable for data gathering.

Findings
26

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the level of working capital management

practices implemented by the small and micro enterprises in Brgy. Ospital, Aloran,

Misamis Occidental in terms of: cash management,accounts receivable management and

inventory management, it also assess is less working capital management practices being

practiced among the small and micro enterprises in the Municipality of Aloran, Misamis

Occidental and lastly it provided recommendations that could be proposed to enhance the

working capital practices among SMEs in Barangay Ospital, Aloran.

The results showed that cash management had the grand mean of 2.72 which

implies that moderately practiced by the respondent . On the other hand account

receivables had the grand mean of 3.11 indicates that the respondents agreed on the

indicators. While inventory management has a grand mean 3.25 which signifies that the

respondents strongly agreed on the relevance of inventory management and signifies that

respondents highly practice inventory management. The results also shows that the least

prevalent of among the working capital management strategies is cash management with

the weighted mean of 2.72 which were agreed by the respondents, even if this variable

were agreed by the respondent, however the result implies that the respondents are

practice on working capital management in terms of cash management but lesser compare

to other variables.

Conclusion
27

Based on the findings, the given conclusion was drawn.

1.1 Effective cash management remains crucial for maintaining liquidity and ensuring

operational continuity.

1.2 . Accounts receivable management practices are pivotal for sustaining a healty cash

flow and reducing the risk of bad debts.

1.3 Inventory Management is necessary for optimizing stock levels, minimizing cost and

satisfying customer demands.

2. SME’s in Aloran reveals that among cash management, account receivable

management, and inventory management cash management is the least practiced by the

respondents,proficiency in cash management could lead to in efficiencies and ,missed

sales opportunities.

3. SME’s in Aloran indicates a need for significant improvements across key ares such as

cash management, account receivable management, and inventory management.

Recommendations

Based on the results, findings and conclusions, the researchers suggested the

following recommendations:

1. SME’s in Aloran significantly improve their cash management, accounts

receivables,and inventory management practices,leading to enhanced

operational efficiency, better financial health and sustainable growth.

2. SME’s in Aloran can achieve better control over their stock level, reduce

unnecessary cost and improved overall operational efficiency which will

contribute to their financial stability and capacity for sustainable growth.

28

3. SME’s in Aloran can enhanced their working capital management practices,

leading to improved liquidity,better operational efficiency and stronger

financial stability.
29

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Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Oyo State, Nigeria. Asian
JournalofEconomics,BusinessandAccounting3(4):18

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Afrifa, G. A., and Padachi, K. (2016) Working Capital Level Influence on SME
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and Market Risk of Firms?Risks,9,201.( November8, 2021)
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Amelia, M., Paulo., P., and Gama, M. (2015) Working capital and management SME
Profitability Portuguese Evidence .(June 1,2015)International and Journal of
Managerial Finance.
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Arojo, A. et,. al (2024). A correlation Study on the Cash Flow Management Utilization
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Baruvan,G. S.( 2019).Impact of cash management on financial performance of the Sri

Lanka Manufacturing Companies EPRA. International Journal of Economic and
Business Review,4118-126(August 8, 2019)

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Baylon, D. P., Dapiton, R. C., Romero, K. C.,Romero, R. P., Robang, R. I.(2019). The
effects of working ca capital management on the profitability of small and
medium enterprises in Imus, Cavite. 7th National Business and Management
https://tinyurl.com/5anr3nk7

Dan, P. (2020). Account receivable management and corporate performance:An

empirical evidence from a quoted manufacturing company in
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2019 https://tinyurl.com/ynu2w46r

Dutchque Van E Dato-on, Ruby P Monto, Neresita M Calaylay, Genard P Villanueva,

Jam Kathleen F Velez Earl Nathaniel O Temanel.”Working capital management
of small and medium enterprises in Cebu”.University of Visayas(2014). Journal
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of Research 8(1), 173-190,2014

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Gerry, G.(2022)The Implementation of working capital management in Cooperatives: A

Case Study of Coo cooperative in the Municipality La Trinidad, Benguet,
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performance of a firm. Retrieve on March 25, 2024, at
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Jabbouri, I., Satt, H., El Azzouri, O. and Naili, M. (2022),“Working capital management
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Joel Moestiero,JT.(2022).Working Capital Management Practices of Micro Enterprises in

Lipa City, as predictors of Business Sustainability.(July 15, 2022 International
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32

APPENDIX A

John Buco Colegio de Jimenez, Inc.

Formerly Adventist Technological Institute
Dicoloc, Jimenez, Misamis Occidental, Philippines

LEVEL OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondents,

We are grateful for your participation in answering this questionnaire. We would

like to know something about your working capital management practices. Your response
will be treated confidentially and will not be identified in any report or publication.
Please answer all questions as accurately as you can.

The Researcher

PART 1: Level Working Capital Management Practices

Construct 1 (Cash Management)
Instruction: Please indicate your level of working capital management practices for each
of the following questions by putting a check in the box at the appropriate spot.

STRONGLY AGREE DISAGRE STRONGLY

AGREE 3 E DISAGREE
STATEMENT
4 2 1

1 We always maintain an
enough level of cash in
our working capital.

(Palagi kaming
nagpapanatili ng isang
pinakamainam na antas
ng cash sa aming
working capital).
33

2 We are only accepting

cash as payments on our
sales

(Cash lang ang

tinatanggap namin
bilang bayad sa aming
mga benta).

3 We separate money on
our business from our
personal money.

(Hinihiwalay namin
ang pera sa aming
negosyo mula sa aming
personal na pera).

4 We are performing bank

reconciliation.

(Nagsasagawa kami ng
bank reconciliation).

5 We are preparing cash

flow statement in order
to manage our cash
efficiently.

(Naghahanda kami ng
cash flow statement
para maayos na
pamahalaan ang aming
pera).

Construct 2 (Account Receivable Management)

34

Instruction: Please indicate your level of working capital management practices for each
of the followings question by putting a check in the box at the appropriate spot.

STRONGLY AGREE DISAGRE STRONGLY

AGREE 3 E DISAGREE
STATEMENT
4 2 1

1 We grant credit to our

customers to increase
our sales.

(Nagbibigay kami ng
mga kredito sa aming
mga customer upang
madagdagan ang
aming mga benta).

2 We are implementing
credit policies such as
credit terms.

(Kami ay
nagpapatupad ng mga
patakaran sa kredito
tulad ng mga tuntunin
sa kredito).

3 We implement account
receivable period.

(Ipinatutupad namin
ang Accounts
Receivable collection
period).

4 We monitor
receivables by
maintaining individual
record for customers.

(Sinusubaybayan
35

namin ang mga

receivables sa
pamamagitan ng
pagpapanatili ng mga
indibidwal na talaan
ng mga customer).

5 We have established
effective
communication
channels with
customer to promptly
address payments
discrepancies.

(Nagtatag kami ng
mga epektibong
channel ng
komunikasyon sa
customer upang agad
na matugunan ang
mga pagkakaiba sa
pagbabayad.)

Construct 3 (Inventory Management)

36

Instruction: Please indicate your level of working capital management practices for each
of the followings question by putting a check in the box at the appropriate spot.
STRONGL AGREE DISAGRE STRONGLY
Y AGREE 3 E DISAGREE
STATEMENT
4 2 1

1 We are returning
damaged goods to
minimize inventory
shrinkage.

(Ibinabalik namin ang

mga nasirang kalakal
upang mabawasan ang
pag urong imbentaryo)

2 We installed CCTV in
place to prevent theft.

(Naglagay kami ng
CCTV para maiwasan
ang pagnanakaw).

3 We prepare ending
inventory reports and
compares them with
the physical count.

(Naghahanda kami ng
pagtatapos ng mga
ulat sa imbentaryo at
inihahambing ang mga
ito sa pisikal na
bilang.

4 We applies different
inventory policies to
determine the desired
level of inventory.

(Inilalapat namin ang

iba't ibang mga
37

patakaran sa
imbentaryo upang
matukoy ang nais na
antas ng imbentaryo).

5 We observed FIRST
IN FIRST OUT
(FIFO) method.

(Naobserbahan namin
ang FIRST IN FIRST
OUT (FIFO) na
pamamaraan)

* Adapted from the study of Corpuz And Bool (2021) entitled Working Capital
Management Practices of Sustainability Among Barangay Micro Business Enterprises in
Ilocos Norte, Philippines.

APPENDIX B Letter to the Management

38
39
40

APPENDIX C Cronbach's Alpha

41
42
43

APPENDIX D Pictures
44
45

APPENDIX E SPSS Result

Table 1.

Cash Management

No. Statements Mean Description Interpretation

1 3.3692 SA HP
2 2.5231 A MP
3 3.0615 A MP
4 2.0615 D P
5 2.6154 A MP
AVERAGE MEAN 2.7262 A MP
Table 2.

Account Receivable Management

No. Statements Mean Description Interpretation

1 2.9846 A MP
2 3.2000 A MP
3 2.6923 A MP
4 3.1846 A MP
5 3.5077 SA HP
AVERAGE MEAN 3.1138 A MP
Table 3.

Inventory Management

No. Statements Mean Description Interpretation

1 3.6154 SA HP
2 3.1385 A MP
3 3.1846 A MP
4 3.1846 A MP
5 3.1692 A MP
AVERAGE MEAN 3.2585 SA HP

Table 7.

Paired Sample Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Cash Management 2.7262 65 .46713 .05794

Account Receivable Management 3.1138 65 .54769 .06793

Inventory Management 3.2585 65 .57524 .07135

The table above shows descriptive test of the Mean, Standard Deviation and Standard Error Mean of the
data.
46

FREQUENCIES

q1
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Agree 41 63.1 63.1 63.1
Strongly Agree 24 36.9 36.9 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q2
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 34 52.3 52.3 52.3
Agree 28 43.1 43.1 95.4
Strongly Agree 3 4.6 4.6 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q3
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Strongly Disagree 6 9.2 9.2 9.2
Disagree 6 9.2 9.2 18.5
Agree 31 47.7 47.7 66.2
Strongly Agree 22 33.8 33.8 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q4
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Strongly Disagree 16 24.6 24.6 24.6
Disagree 30 46.2 46.2 70.8
Agree 18 27.7 27.7 98.5
Strongly Agree 1 1.5 1.5 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0
47

q5
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 28 43.1 43.1 43.1
Agree 34 52.3 52.3 95.4
Strongly Agree 3 4.6 4.6 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q6
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Strongly Disagree 14 21.5 21.5 21.5
Agree 24 36.9 36.9 58.5
Strongly Agree 27 41.5 41.5 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q7
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 14 21.5 21.5 21.5
Agree 24 36.9 36.9 58.5
Strongly Agree 27 41.5 41.5 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q8
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Strongly Disagree 3 4.6 4.6 4.6
Disagree 15 23.1 23.1 27.7
Agree 46 70.8 70.8 98.5
Strongly Agree 1 1.5 1.5 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0
48

q9
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 5 7.7 7.7 7.7
Agree 43 66.2 66.2 73.8
Strongly Agree 17 26.2 26.2 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q10
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 10 15.4 15.4 15.4
Agree 12 18.5 18.5 33.8
Strongly Agree 43 66.2 66.2 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q11
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Agree 25 38.5 38.5 38.5
Strongly Agree 40 61.5 61.5 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q12
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 20 30.8 30.8 30.8
Agree 16 24.6 24.6 55.4
Strongly Agree 29 44.6 44.6 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0
49

q13
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 12 18.5 18.5 18.5
Agree 29 44.6 44.6 63.1
Strongly Agree 24 36.9 36.9 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q14
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Strongly Disagree 4 6.2 6.2 6.2
Disagree 8 12.3 12.3 18.5
Agree 25 38.5 38.5 56.9
Strongly Agree 28 43.1 43.1 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0

q15
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 12 18.5 18.5 18.5
Agree 30 46.2 46.2 64.6
Strongly Agree 23 35.4 35.4 100.0
Total 65 100.0 100.0
50

DESCRIPTIVES

Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Variance
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Statistic
q1 65 3.00 4.00 3.3692 .06032 .48635 .237
q2 65 2.00 4.00 2.5231 .07308 .58916 .347
q3 65 1.00 4.00 3.0615 .11154 .89925 .809
q4 65 1.00 4.00 2.0615 .09527 .76805 .590
q5 65 2.00 4.00 2.6154 .07170 .57804 .334
q6 65 1.00 4.00 2.9846 .14124 1.13870 1.297
q7 65 2.00 4.00 3.2000 .09608 .77460 .600
q8 65 1.00 4.00 2.6923 .07247 .58425 .341
q9 65 2.00 4.00 3.1846 .06896 .55600 .309
q10 65 2.00 4.00 3.5077 .09334 .75256 .566
q11 65 3.00 4.00 3.6154 .06081 .49029 .240
q12 65 2.00 4.00 3.1385 .10714 .86380 .746
q13 65 2.00 4.00 3.1846 .09012 .72656 .528
q14 65 1.00 4.00 3.1846 .10940 .88198 .778
q15 65 2.00 4.00 3.1692 .08925 .71958 .518
Valid N (listwise) 65
51

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Desiree B. Harayo

Age : 23
Birthdate : December 22,2000
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic
Home Address : Purok7, Burgos,Aloran Misamis Occidental
Parents : Mr, Bonifacio G. Harayo
Mrs.Ermita V. Harayo
EDUCATION

College : Bachelor of Science in Business

Administration Major in Financial Management
John Buco Colegio de Jimenez INC.
May 2024

Secondary : Aloran Trade High School

Labo Aloran Misamis Occidental
2020-2021

Elementary : Burgos Elementary School

Burgos, Aloran,Misamis Occidental
2009-2014
52

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Tracy S. Villamino

Age : 21
Birthdate : January 28,2003
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic
Home Address : Purok-1 Pelong,Aloran Misamis Occidental
Parents : Mr, Rowel Villamino
Mrs Cheryl Villamino
EDUCATION

College : Bachelor of Science in Business

Administration Major in Financial Management
John Buco Colegio de Jimenez INC.
May 2024

Secondary : Aloran Trade High School

Labo Aloran Misamis Occidental
2020-2021

Elementary : Alvenda Elementary School

Alvenda Mutia Zamboanga del Norte
2009-2014
53

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Anjiline Tabata

Age : 23
Birthdate : May 31, 2000
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Assembly of God
Home Address : Purok-6, Casusan,Aloran Misamis Occidental
Parents : Mr. Angelito Tabata
Mrs. Rosalia Tabata
EDUCATION

College : Bachelor of Science in Business

Administration Major in Financial Management
John Buco Colegio de Jimenez INC.
May 2024

Secondary : Aloran Trade High School

Labo Aloran Misamis Occidental
2020-2021

Elementary : Colambutan Settlement Elementary School

Colambutan Settlement Tudela Misamis
Occidental
2009-2014