PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Some basic Info from Sinag’s Reviewer: CHAPTER 10

ASSESSMENT FOR EDUCATION WECHSLER INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT TEST- III (WIAT-III)
some argue with the use of standardized test because for 4 to 50 y/o
them, the teachers would be forced to teach in rigid ways designed for use in the educational, clinical, and research settings
that will ensure that the studensts would score high. 16 subtests but not every subtest will be administered
ADVANTAGES OF STANDARDIZED TESTS drawbacks: take years to develop and many of the items may become outdated
screening “ musts”
diagnostic psychometric soundness
comparison possible sources of bias have been minimized
RESPONSE TO INTERVENTION MODEL “desirables”
multilevel framework applied in educational settings that easy to administer
is designed to maximize student achievement through the up-to-date content
use of data that identifies students at risk for poor learning engaging and relevant content
outcomes xombined wth evidence-based intervention and MEASURES OF ACHIEVEMENT IN SPECIFIC SUBJECT AREAS
teaching that is adjusted on the basis of student teacher-made tests and some standardized tests
responsiveness Curriculum-Based Assessment assessment of information acquired from
Objective: accelerate the learning process teachings at school
identify students w/ learning disabilities Curriculum-Based Measurements use of standardized measurement
3 levels: classoom setting, small group of studentsa, and procedures to derive local norms to be used in the evaluation of student
individually performance on curriculum-based tasks
dynamic model
APTITUDE TESTS II. ELEMENTARY LEVEL
PROBLEM- SOLVING MODEL informal learning or life experiences assesses for school readiness
the use of interventions tailored to students’ individuak also called as prognostic test because it provide educators w/ a yard stick
needs that are selected by a multidisiplinary team of is typically used to make predictions by which to assess pupils’ abilities
school professionals tend to draw on a broader form of in areas diverse as general
INTEGRATIVE ASSESSMENT information and abilities and may be information and sensorimotor
multidisiplinary approach used to predict a wide variety of skills
used in diagnosing learning disabilities variables MRT 6- Metropolitan Readiness
READNESS TEST Test- reading and mathematical
DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT preschool and elementary school level skills
any age I. PRESCHOOL LEVEL 2 levels: Level I- individual;
exploing learning potential that based on a test- child’s cognitive, emotional, and social beginning and middle
intervention- restest model development is in line w/ age-related kindergarteners, Level II- group;
Theoretical Underpinnings expectations, and whether any end of kindergarten through first
Budoff differences bet. deficits identified by standardized problems likely to hamper learning grade
tests due to differences in education vs. menta deficiency. ability are evident III. SECONDARY- SCHOOL LEVEL
He determined whether training could improve test Checklist SAT
performance Rating Scale IV. COLLEGE LEVEL AND BEYOND
Feuerstein extent to which teaching principles and Psychological tests GRE
strategies (or mediated learning) modified cognition. cognitive, emotional, and social Miller Analogies Test (MAT)
Yield into about the nature and amount of intervention attribute are gauged by scales ability to perceive relationships,
required to enhance a child’s performance observation and parental/ caretaker general intelligence, vocabulary,
Vgotsky zone of proximal development- the distance bet. interventions and academic learning
the actual development level as determined by individual approx. 1 hour; less time is preferable
problem solving, and the level of potential development as “desirables” DIAGNOSTIC TEST
determined through problem-solving under adult easy to administer and have a simple used to identify areas of deficit to
guidance or w/ more capable peers. stop/ discontinue rules be targeted intervention
Dynamic assessors are hardly neutral. Their goal may be allow ample opportunity to make used to pinpoint a student’s
to do everything in their power to help the testtaker behavioral observations difficulty
master material in preparation for retesting Formats: dual administration, sample and Reading Test
the diversit of approaches in the goals pursued and the teaching items for each subtest, and Math Test
specific techniques and methods used to make it difficult dichotomous scoring
to judge the validity WPPSI-III and SB-5 and others may be PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TEST
used to gauge developmental strengths BATTERIES
ACHIEVEMENT TEST and weaknesses KABC-II
measure accomplishment Other Measures WJ-IV
to measure the degree of learning that has taken place as a interviews, case history methods,
result of exposure to a relatively defined learning portfolio evaluation, role-play methods PERFORMABCE ASSESSMENT
experience instruments to measure: temperament, Portfolio
guage student progress, compare an individual’s language skills, family environment, Performance Task
accomplishment to peers, and help determine what and parenting and caregiving Portfolio Assessment
instructorial activities and strategies might best propel some techniques are specialized and Authentic Assessment
standardized, or it may not be standardized at all are only employed under extraordinary
vary w/ respect to psychometric soundness conditions
scores of achievement tests can mostly be used in
educational setting PEER APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES
MEASURES OF GENERAL ACHIEVEMENT asking that individual’s peer group to make the evaluation
one or more academic areas Nominating Technique asked to select or nominate other individuals for various
subtests=achievement batteries and can be grouped or types of activities
individual MEASURING STUDY HABITS, INTERESTS, AND ATTITUDES
norm-referenced and criterion-referenced analyses if a teacher knows a child’s area of interest, instructional activities engaging
concurrently normed w/ scholastic aptitude those can be employed
constructed w/ practice tests measure other factors such as study habits, interests, and attitudes
contain locator tests, or routing tests
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 11
PERSONALITY THE BIG FIVE
unique constellation of psychological traits that is relatively stable Neo Pi-R-3 based on the five- factor model, five major
individuals may differ in values, interests, attitudes, worldview, dimensions/domains of personality and a total of 30 elements or facets
acculturation, sense of humor, cognitive and behavioral styles, and Neuroticism aspects of adjustment and emotional stability
personality states Extraversion sociability
PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT Openness active imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to
measurement and evaluation inner feelings, preference for variety, intellectual curiosity,
PERSONALITY TRAIT independence of judgement
Allport: generalized an focalized neuropsychic system Agreeableness altruism, sympathy, friendliness, and the belief that
Robert Holt: changes in brain chemistry that might occur as a others are similarly inclined
result of learning Conscientiousness active process of planning, organizing and following
Guilford: distinguishable, latively enduring way in which one through
individual varies from another OTHER MEASURES OF THE B5:
PERSONALITY TYPE BIG FIVE INVENTORY (BFI)
constellation of traits that is similar in pattern to one identified John et al. (1991)
category of personality 44 items; quick to administer
Hippocrates: Melancholic, Phlegmatic, Cholerc, Sanguine TEN ITEM PERSONALITY INVENTORY (TIPI)
Jung: MBTI Gasling et al. (2003)
Holland: artistic, enterprising, investigative, social, realstic, or 2 item per domain
conventional FIVE FACTOR NONVERBAL PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE (FF-NPQ)
Friedman and Roseman: type A and type B
PERSONALITY PROFILE
targeted characteristics

PERSONALITY STATE
psychodynamic disposition designed to convey the dynamic quality
of id, ego, and superego
Who is being assessed and who is doing the assessing?
II. THE SELF AS THE PRIMARY REFERENT CRITERION GROUPS
Self report share specific characteristics and whose responses to test items serves as
Self Concept a standard in which items will be included in or discarded
Self Concept Differentation EMPIRICAL CRITERION KEYING
II. ANOTHER PERSON AS REFERENT process of using criterion groups to developing test items
Reporting by a third party MMPI
What is assessed when a personality assessment is conduced? collaboration of Starke R. Hathaway
Primary Content Area Sampled 566 true and false items and was designed to aid psychiatric diagnosis w/
Testtaker Response Style: Response Style, Impression adolescents and adults
Management, Validity Scale Scales: Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, psychopathic Deviate,
Where are personality assessment conducted? Masculinity-Femininity, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia,
schools, clinics, hospitals, academic research lab, employment Hypomania, Social Intervention
counseling, vocational selection centers, companies, and offices of 3 validity scales: L scale, F scale, K scale
psychologists and counselors MMPI-3
How are personality assessment structured and conducted? latest version (2020)
Scope and theory California Psychological Inventory (CPI), 3rd ed.- attempts to evaluate
locus of control personality in normally adjusted individuals and thus finds more use in
Procedures and Item Formats counseling settings
Frame of Reference GUILFORD-ZIMMERMAN TEMPERAMENT SURVEY- reduces personality
Scoring and Interpretation: Nomothetic Approach, Idiographic to 10 dimensions, each of which is measured by 30 different items
Approach, Normative and Ipsative approach SIXTEEN PERSONALITY FACTOR QUESTIONNAIRE (16PF)

DEVELOPING INSTRUMENTS TO ASSESS PERSONALITY FREQUENTLY USED MEASURES OF POSITIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS
LOGIC AND REASON Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
dictate what content is covered by the items General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
Content or Content-Oriented Approach Ego Resiliency Scale Revised
clinical experience Dispositional Resiliency Scale (DRS)
correspondence with experts Hope Scale
THEORY Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R)
rely on a particular top in their development as well as their Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)
interpretation Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
DATA REDUCTION METHODS Cognitive Intervention for Stressful Situations
PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT AND CULTURE
ACCULTURATION
ongoing process by which an individual’s thoughts, behaviors, values,
worldview, and identity develop in relation to general thinking, behavior,
customs, and values of a particular cultural group
Values individual prizes or the ideals an individual believes in
Instrumental Values help one attain some objective
Terminal Values guiding principles and a mode of behavior that is endpoint
objective
Identity set o cognitive and behavioral characteristics by which individuals
define them
Identification assumes a pattern of behavior o other people
Worldview unique way people interpret and make sense of their perception
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 12(PART 1)
OBJECTIVE METHODS HENRY MURRAY’S CONCEPT:
paper-and-pencil means or by computer NEED determinants of behavior arising from within the individual
short-answer items for which assesse's task is to select one PRESS from w/in environment
response from the 2 or more provided THEMA a unit of interaction between needs and press
scoring: involve in little, if any, judgement on the past of the this guiding principle in interpreting TAT
scorer
format: multiple choice, true or false, or matching
ADVANTAGES
can be answered quickly
Administration of many items covering varied aspects of the
trait or traits
requires little explanation
Group & computer administration
Scored quickly and reliably- hand scoring or computer scoring
quick analysis and interpretation

PROJECTIVE METHODS
assesse's personality is made on the basis of performance on a
task that involves supplying some sort of structure to
unstructured or incomplete stimuli
inkblots, pictures, words, drawings, and other things
indirect methods of personality assessment
Projective Hypothesis an individual supplies structure to
unstructured stimuli in a manner consistent w/ the individual's
own unique pattern of conscious and unconscious needs, fears,
desires, impulses, conflicts, and ways of perceiving and
responding

INKBLOT AS A PROJECTIVE STIMULI

RORSCHACH INKBLOT TEST
most famous inkblot test
Herman Rorschach
10 bilaterally symmetrical inkblots
5 inkblots= achromatic (B&W), 2 inkblots= black, white, & red, 3
inkblots= multicolored
come w/ the cards only, no test manual
COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM
John Exner; most widely used system for the administration, Factors that can affect testtaker’s responses:
scoring, and interpretation Situational factors
after the entire set of cards has been administered once, a Transient internal need states
second administration (Inquiry) is conducted, wherein the Stimulus Pulls
examiner attempts to determine what features of the inkblot
played a role in the formulation of percept (Perception of an
image)
Testing the limits provide additional information concerning
personality functioning

Rorschach protocols are scored accdg. to several categories:

Location part of the inkblot that was utilized in forming the
percept
Determinants qualities of the inkblot that determine what the
individual perceive
Content content category of the response
Popularity frequency w/ which a certain response has been
found to correspond w/ a particular inkblot or section of an
inkblot
Form how accurately the individual’s perception matches or
fits the corresponding part of the inkblot

RORSCHACH PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (R-PAS)

detailed manual w/ instructions for administering, coding, &
interpreting the Rorschach
online scoring program that calculates the summary scores & HAND TEST
plots them using standard scores Developed by Edwin Wagner
evolutionary development of the comprehensive system Consists of 9 cards w/ pictures of hand on them and the tenth blank card
The testtakers are asked what the hands on each card might be doing
PICTURES AS PROJECTIVE STIMULI ROSENZWEIG PICTURE- FRUSTRATION STUDY
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST (TAT)
Employs cartoons depicting frustrating situations and the testtaker is asked
Chrstiana Morgan & Henry Murray
to fill in the response of the cartoon figure being frustrated
designed as an aid to eliciting fantasy material from patients in
test responses are scored in terms of the type of reaction elicited and the
psychoanalysis
31 cards, one of which is blank direction of the aggression expressed.
the raw materials used in deriving conclusions individual DIRECTIONS
examined w/ TAT are: stories told by the examinee, clinician’s Intropunitive turned inward
notes (way or the manner responded to the cards), clinician’s Extrapunitive outwardly expressed
notes (extra-test behavior and verbalized Inpunitive aggression is evaded
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 12(PART 2)
REACTIONS PRODUCTION OF FIGURE DRAWINGS
Obstacle Dominance concentrates on the frustrating barrier Drawings can provide the psychodiagnosis w/ a wealth of critical hypotheses
Ego Defense attention is focused on protecting the frustrated to be conformed or discarded as the result of other findings
person Clinical and research settings
Need Persistence attention is focused on solving the Source of information about intelligence, neurological intactness, visual-
frustrating problem. motor coordination and cognitive development.
APPERCEPTIVE PERSONALITY TEST FIGURE DRAWING TEST
Represent attempt to address some long-standing criticisms of The assessee produces a drawing that is analyzed on the basis of its content
the TAT as projective instrument while introducing objectivity and related variables
into the scoring system DRAW A PERSON (DAP)
Consists of 8 stimulus cards depicting recognizable people in Florence Goodenough (1926)
everyday settings Factors given attention: placement of figures, size, pencil pressure,
symmetry, line quality, shading, presence of erasures, facial expressions,
WORDS AS PROJECTIVE STIMULI
posture, clothing, overall appearance
WORD ASSOCIATION
HOUSE-TREE-PERSON (HTP)
Is a task that may be used in personality assessment in which as
Buck & Hammer (1958)
assessee verbalizes the first word that comes to mid in response
Testtaker is asked to draw a picture of a house, a tree, and a person
to a stimulus word.
KINETIC FAMILY DRAWING (KFD)
WORD ASSOCIATION TESTS
Hulse (1951,1952)
Semistructured, individually administered, projective
Examinee is asked to identify each of the figures, talk about their relationship,
technique of personality assessment that involves the
and detail what they are doing in the picture and why.
presentation of a list of stimulus words
An assessee responds verbally or in writing w/ whatever comes PROJECTIVE METHODS IN PERSPECTIVE
immediately to mind Used enthusiastically by many clinicians and criticized harshly by many
Galton first attempt to investigate word association academics
Cattell & Bryant first to use cards Critics have attacked projective methods on grounds related to: assumptions
Kraeplin studied the effect of physical states and of practice on in their use, the situational variables that attend to their use, and several
word association psychometric considerations
Jung developed the first WAT that could be employed for I. ASSUMPTIONS
psychodiagnostic purposes. Bernard Mustein dismissed the assumption that the more ambiguous the
By Rapaport et. al (1945-1946) stimuli, the more subjects reveal about their personality
3 parts: Projective stimulus is only one aspect of the “total stimulus situations”. There
1. Each stimulus word was administered to the examinee, who are other factors such as environmental variables, response sets, reactions to
had been instructed to respond quickly w/ the first word that the examiner, etc.
came to mind
2. Each stimulus word was again presented to the examinee
3. Inquiry- the examiner asked questions to clarify the
relationship that existed between the stimulus word and the
response. The assumption that projection is greater onto stimulus material that is
Responses were evaluated w/ respect to variables such a similar to the subject has also found questionable
popularity, reaction, time, content, and test-retest responses.
KENT-ROSANOFF FREE ASSOCIATION TEST
One of the earliest attempts to develop standardized test using
words as projective stimuli
Individuality of responses may be influenced by many variables
other than psychopathology, and when research indicated that
scores here were unrelated to other measures of psychotic
thought
II. SITUATIONAL VARIABLES
SENTENCE COMPLETION
Examinee’s presence or absence have significantly affected the responses
A task in which the assessee is asked to finish an incomplete
Age and the subtle reinforcement cues and the specific instructions of the
sentence or phrase
examiner
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST
III. PSYCHOMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS
A semi structured projective test of personal assessment the
Reliability and Validity
presentation of a list of words that begin a sentence and the
assessee’s task is to respond by finishing w/ whatever word or BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT METHODS
words come to mind Focus is on the behavior itself
SENTENCE COMPLETION STEMS What a person does in situation rather than on inferences about what
The part of the item that is not blank, but must (not?) be attributes he has more globally
created by the testtaker TIMELINE FOLLOWBACK (TLFB) METHODOLOGY
use in specific types of settings or purpose Designed for use in the context of clinical interview or the purpose of
may be theoretical or atheoretical assessing alcohol abuse
ROTTER INCOMPLETE SENTENCES BLANK (RISB) Useful in identifying antecedent stimuli
Rotter & Rafferty (1950) BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION
Most popular SCT Watching the activities of targeted clients or research subjects
Gr. 9 to adulthood
Your paragraph text
Responses to be interpreted accdg. to several categories: family
ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT (EMA)
Recording of behavior- related events as they occur
attitudes, social and sexual attitudes, and character traits Accomplished by means of a handheld computer used to maintain an
SOUNDS AS PROJECTIVE STIMULI electronic diary.
BF Skinner - “auditory inkblots” SELF-MONITORING
Series of recorded sounds Observing and recording aspects of one’s own behavior and/ or events related
AUDITORY APPERCEPTION TEST to that behavior
Task: respond by creating a story based on 3 sounds played on a ANALOGUE STUDY
phonograph record Research investigation in which on or more variables are similar or analogous
AUDITORY SOUND ASSOCIATION TEST & AZZAGEDDI TEST to the real variable that the investigator wishes to examine
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 12(PART 3)
ANALOGUE BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION
Observation of a person(s) in an environment designed to increase the
chance that the assessor can observe targeted behaviors and interactions
SITUATIONAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
Allows for observation and evaluation of an individual under a standard set
of circumstances
Typically involves performance of some specific task under actual or
simulated conditions.
The construct they measure is thought to be more accurately assessed by
examining behavior directly
LEADERLESS GROUP TECHNIQUE
Several people are organized into a group for the purpose of carrying out a
task an observer records information related to individual group member’s
initiative, cooperation, leadership, and related variables
ROLE PLAY
Acting an improvised part in a simulated situation
Teaching, therapy, and assessment
BIOFEEDBACK
Class of psychophysiological assessment technique designed to gauge,
display, and record a continuous monitoring of selected biological process
Plethysmograph records changes in the volume of a part of the body arising
from variations in blood supply
Penile Plethysmograph designed to measure changes in blood flow in penis
Polygraph lie detector
UNOBTRUSIVE MEASURE
A telling physical trace or record
Do not require the presence or cooperation of respondents
CONTRATS EFFECT
Rating is affected by the previous or prior rating
COMPOSITE JUDGEMENT
Averaging multiple judgements
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 13 (PART 1)
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY TYPES OF INTERVIEWS STANDARD QUESTIONS
Branch of psychology that has its primary focus the prevention, Interviews differ in content, During the initial intake interview;
diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal behavior structure, and state of followed by additional queries as
Clinical psychologists receive training in psychological consciousness. clinical judgement dictates.
assessment and psychotherapy. 1. Structured Clinical Interview 1. Demographic Data
Tend to focus their research and treatment efforts on the more for DSM 5 (SCID) 2. Reason for Referral
severe forms of behavior pathology. 2. Schedule for Affective Disorders 3. Past Medical History
& Schizophrenia (SADS) 4. Present Medical History
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY 3. Structures Interview of 5. Familial Medical History
Concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Reported Symptoms-2 (SIRS-2) 6. Past Psychological History
abnormal behavior but more on everyday type of concerns and 4. Stress Interview 7. Past History w/ Medical or
problems, such as those related to marriage, family, academics, 5. Hypnosis Interview Psychological Professionals
and career. 6. Cognitive Interviews 8. Current Psychological
7. Collaborative Interviews Conditions
Clinical psychologists frequently use tools of assessment to
clarify the psychological problem, make a diagnosis, and/ or MENTAL STATUS EXAM TYPES OF RESPONSES
design a treatment plan. Used to screen for emotional, and Level-One
Tools may be used to address the person’s current level of neurological deficits, typically Bear a little or no relationship to
functioning & how this level of functioning compare w/ that of includes questioning or the interviewer’s response
other people of the same age. observation w/ respect to each Level-Two
Tools of assessment can help guide decisions relating to area discussed in the following list. Communicates a superficial
treatment. 1. Appearance awareness of the meaning of a
People who do not have any mental disorder sometimes seek 2. Behavior statement
therapy for personal growth or support in coping w/ difficult 3. Orientation Level-Three
set of life circumstances. 4. Memory Interchangeable w/ the
Counseling psychologists who do employment counseling may 5. Sensorium interviewee’s statement; minimum
use a variety of tools that are vocation-related. 6. Psychomotor Activity level of responding that could help
7. State of Consciousness the interviewee
PREMORBID FUNCTIONING 8. Affect Level-Four
Level of psychological and physical performance prior to the 9. Mood Provide accurate empathy but also
development of a disorder, an illness, or a disability. 10. Personality go beyond the statement given
DIAGNOSIS OF MENTAL DISORDERS 11. Thought Content Active Listening
Frequent objective of clinical assessment 12. Thought Processes Power of understanding response;
Latest version: DSM-V and DSM-V-TR 13. Intellectual Processes foundation of good interviewing
List all the criteria that have been met in order to diagnose 14. Insight skills for many different types of
each of the disorder list. 15. Judgement interviews 5
Conveys information about how extreme, problematic,
troubling, off, or abnormal the individual’s behavior is likely to PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS CULTURALLY INFORMED
be perceived by others. Some tests are designed primarily PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
INCIDENCE to be of diagnostic assistance to An approach to evaluation that is
Rate of new occurrences of a particular disorder or condition in clinicians. keenly perceptive of and
a particular population 1. Million Clinical Multiaxial responsive to issues of
PREVALENCE Inventory-III (MCMI-III) acculturation, values, identity,
Approximate proportion of individuals in a given population at Yield scores related to enduring worldview, language, and other
a given point in time who have been diagnosed or otherwise personality features as well as culture-related variables.
labeled w/ particular disorder condition acute symptoms Caution w/ the use of translators
2. Beck Depression Inventory-II CULTURAL ASPECTS OF
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT
(BDI-II) INTERVIEWS
Multidisciplinary approach to assessment that includes
Tapping a specific symptoms or Age
exploration of relevant biological, psychological, social, and
attitude associated w/ depression. Disability
environmental variables for the purpose of evaluating how
3. Center for Epidemiological Religion
such variables may have contributed to the development and
Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Ethnicity
maintenance of a presenting problem.
Self report measure of depressive Social Status
FATALISM
symptoms. Sexual Orientation
Belief that what happens in life is largely beyond a person’s
PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST BATTERY Indigenous Heritage
control
Group of tests administered National Origin
SELF-EFFICACY
together. Gender
Confidence in one’s own ability to accomplish task
STANDARD BATTERY Help assessor recall various
SOCIAL SUPPORT
One intelligence test, at least one sources of cultural influence
Expressions of understanding, acceptance, empathy, love,
personality test, and a test Proposed by Pamela Hays
advices, guidance, care, etc.
designed to screen neurological
INTERVIEW deficit.
Key tool of biopsychosocial assessment
Clinical conducted to arrive at a diagnosis, to pinpoint areas SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL MEASURES
that must be addressed in psychotherapy, or to determine risk ASSESSMENT OF ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
of danger. MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC) & MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-
Counseling to help the interviewee learn more about himself Revised
Often interview guide decisions about what else needs to be Addiction Potential Scale (APS)
done to assess an individual. Addiction Acknowledge Scale (AAS)
Usually face-to-face Addiction Severity Index (ASI)
Interviewers learn about interviewees not only from what they Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST)
say but also from how they say it and from how they present
themselves.
Used early on to solidify therapeutic contract
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 13(PART 2)
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ANATOMICAL DETAILED DOLLS (ADD)
Theory and application of psychological evaluation & Dolls that accurately represent genitalia used for observation of children
measurement in a legal context who suffered from child abuse
Criminal Proceedings: Individual’s competency to stand trial ISSUES IN REPORTING CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
or his criminal responsibility
Civil Proceeding: Emotional distress suffered; custody
proceedings, or the testamentary capacity of a person before
death.
EMOTIONAL INJURY
Term sometimes used synonymously w/ mental suffering, pain
and suffering, and emotional harm. RISK ASSESSMENT
PROFILING To prevent child abuse, test developers have sought to create instruments
Crime-solving process that draws upon psychological and useful in identifying parents and others who may be at risk for abusing
criminological expertise applied to the study of crime scene children.
evidence CHILD ABUSE POTENTIAL INVENTORY (CAP)
CUSTODY EVALUATION PARENTING STRESS INDEX (PSI)
Psychological assessment of parents or guardians and their Measures stress associated w/ the parental role. Parents who physically
parental capacity and/or of children and their parental needs abuse their children tent to score higher on PSI.
and preferences-usually undertaken for the purpose of custody
Elderly Abuse: intentional
DANGEROUSNESS TO ONESELF OR TO OTHERS affliction pf physical,
Official determination that a person is dangerous to self or to emotional, financial, or other
others is legal cause to deprive that individual of liberty. harm on older individual.
Risk factors associated w/ homicide & suicide: a history of Elder Neglect: failure tp
previous attempts to commit the act, drug/alcohol abuse, and provide elder care
unemployment. Native Elder Life Scale
Homicide is imminent, the assessor has a legal duty to warn the (NELS)
endangered party.

COMPETEMCY SCREENING TEST

22 items; sentence completion format
FITNESS INTERVIEW TEST (FIT) SIGNS OF SUICIDAL IDEATION
Idiographic measure Talking about committing suicide
MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Making reference to a plan for committing suicide
Adjudication (Mac CAT-CA) One or more past suicide attempts
Evaluation of Competency to Stand Trial Revised (ECST-R)
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY PSYCHOLOGICAL RREPORT
The insanity defense has its roots in the idea that only Critical component
blameworthy should be punished. Organized & readable report
M’Naghten Standard “Right or wrong test” BARNUM EFFECT
Durham Standard unlawful act was the product of a mental People tend to accept vague personality descriptions as accurate
disease or defect descriptions of themselves (Aunt Fanny Effect)
Ali Standard ELEMENTS OF TYPICAL PSYCH REPORT
READINESS FOR PAROLE OR PROBATION Demographics
Psychopathy Checklist (PCL [-R]) Reason for Referral
Test Administered
CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT Findings
ABUSE Recommendations
Refer to the creation of conditions that give rise to abuse of a Summary
child by an adult ACTUARIAL ASSESSMENT/ ACTUARIAL PREDICTION
FORMS OF ABUSE Refer to the application of empirically demonstrated statistical rules and
The infliction or allowing infliction of physical injury or probabilities as determining factor in clinical judgement and actions.
emotional impairment that is nonaccidental COMPUTERIZED ASSESSMENT
The creation or allowing the creation of substantial risk of Computerized application of clinical opinion- that is, the application of
physical injury or emotional impairment that is nonaccidental clinician’s judgements, opinions, and expertise top a particular set of data as
The committing or allowing of a sexual offense processed by the computer surface.
NEGLECT CLINICAL PREDICTION
Failure on the part of an adult responsible for the care of a Application of clinician’s own training and clinical experience as
child to exercise a minimum degree of care. determining factor in clinical judgement and actions.
Physical signs can be deceiving especially when they try to MECHANICAL PREDICTION
convince the panel it was from an accident, however, Application of empirically demonstrated statistical rules and probabilities to
inappropriate clothing for season/event, poor hygiene, ang the computer generation of findings and recommendations.
lagging physical development could be physical manifestations
of abuse
EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL SIGNS
Unusual reactions or apprehension in response to other
children crying
Low self-esteem
Extreme or inappropriate moods
Aggressiveness
Social withdrawal
Nail biting, thumb sucking, or other habit disorders
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 14(PART 1)
NEUROLOGY
Focuses on nervous system and its disorders.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Focuses on the relationship between brain functioning and
behavior.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
The evaluation of brain & nervous system functioning as it
relates to behavior.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY
A subspecialty w/in the medical specialty of neurology that also
focuses on brain-behavior relationships
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Consist of brain and the spinal cord
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Consisting of the neurons that convey messages to and from the
rest of the body.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION

HARD SIGN
Defined as an indicator of definite neurological deficit
SOFT SIGN
Indicator that is merely suggestive of neurological deficits
CONTRALATERAL CONTROL
Each of the two hemispheres receives sensory info from the GENERAL ELEMENTS OF A NP Common to all NP examinations:
opposite side of the body and also controls motor responses on EVALUATION History taking, MSE, and the
the opposite side of the body. Objective of NP evaluation is to administration of tests and
An injury to the right side of the brain may result in sensory or draw inferences about the procedures designed to reveal
motor defects on the left side structural and functional problems of neuropsychological
Right-handed: dominant left hemisphere (and vice versa) characteristics of a person’s brain functioning.
NOTE: by evaluating an individual’s Neuropsychs must also have
In the normal, neurologically intact individual, one behavior in defined stimulus- knowledge of the possible effects
hemisphere complements the other. response situations. of various prescription
How it is conducted will vary medications taken by them
NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE & THE CONCEPT OF ORGANICITY depending on: assessees because such
NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE Nature of referral question medication can actually cause
May take the form of a lesion in the brain or any other site w/in Capabilities of the patient certain neurobehavioral deficits
the CNS or PNS. Availability & nature of records Noninvasive Procedures- do not
LESIONS regarding the patient involve any intrusion into the
Pathological alteration of tissue, such as that which could result Practical considerations examinee’s body.
from injury or infection.
ELEMENTS OF NEUROPSYCH EVALUATION:
May be physical or chemical
History Taking, Case History
Focal (one site) or Diffuse (various sites)
Interview
It is possible for a Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire
focal lesion to have a Neuropsychological Impairment Scale
diffuse ramifications Mini-MSE (MMSE/MMSE-2)
w/ regard to 7 Minute Screen
behavioral deficits Neuropsychological Mental Status Examination
BRAIN DAMAGE PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS
Any physical or Examiner may physically examine the scalp or skull for any unusual
functional enlargements or depressions. Muscles may be examined for their tone,
impairment in the strength, and size relative to other muscles.
CNS that results in Examiner might test for the muscle coordination
sensory, motor, Examiner may test for the presence or absence of reflexes
cognitive, emotional, Parkinson’s Disease
or related deficit. Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
DaTscan
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Some basic Info from Sinag & Aly's Reviewer: CHAPTER 14(PART 2)
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
Used to gauge change in mental status or other variables as a
result of the administration of medication or the onset of disease/
disorder.
Used in forensic setting, criminal responsibility, or competency
to stand trial
I. TESTS OF GENERAL INTELLECTUAL ABILITY
Occupy a prominent position
Wechsler Tests are particularly useful because of its varied
nature of tasks and the wide variety of responses required.
Deterioration Quotient (DQ) by David Wechsler brain damage
have devised various quotients based on patterns of subtest
scores
II. TESTS TO MEASURE THE ABILITY TO ABSTRACT
Wechsler Similarities Subtest identify how 2 objects are alike
The Proverbs Test assess the ability to think abstractly
Object Sorting Test sort objects
Color- Form Sorting Test
Wisconsin Card Sorting TEst-64 Card Version
III. TESTOF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
Executive Function: organizing, planning, cognitive flexibility,
and inhibition of impulses and related activities associated w/ the
frontal and prefrontal lobes
Tower of Hanoi
Mazes
Clock-Drawing Tests
Test of Executive Function in an Emergency (TEFE)
IV. TESTS OF PERCEPTUAL, MOTOR, PERCEPTUAL- MOTOR
FUNCTION
Perceptual Test evaluate varied aspects of sensory functioning
Motor Test one’s ability and mobility
Perceptual-Motor Test integration or coordination of perceptual
and motor abilities
Ishihara Test color blindness
Wepman Auditory Discrimination test
Bruninks - Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency assess gross and
fine motor skills
Purdue Peg Board Test measure manual dexterity
Bender Visual- Motor Gestalt Test used to assess perceptual
maturation and neurological impairment

V. TESTS OF VERBAL FUNCTIONING

Controlled Word Association Test examiner says a letter from the
alphabet and it’s the subject’s task to say as many words as he or she
can think of that begin w/ that letter
Reitan-Indiana Aphasia Screening Test (AST) language abilities
and coordination
VI. TESTS OF MEMORY
Procedural Memory memory for things w/ procedure
Declarative Memory memory for factuarial material
Sematic Memory memory for facts
Episodic Memory memory for the facts in a particular context
Implicit Memory non declarative memory, does not require
conscious explicit recollection
California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) Auditory memory,
visual memory, visual working memory, immediate memory,
delayed memory
Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV)
Tactile Nonsense Figures tactile/ haptic memory
Seguin- Goddard FormBoard tactile memory

VII. NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST BATTERIES

Fixed Battery group of test pre-modified before the assessment
Flexible Battery consisting of an assortment of instruments
hand-picked for some purpose relevant to the unique aspects of
the patient and the presenting problem
Halstead-Retain Neuropsychological Battery
Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination of Aphasia
communication deficit
Southern California Sensory Integration Tests
Severe Impairment Battery
Cognitive Behavioral Driver’s Inventory determining whether
individual w/ brain damage are capable of driving