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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

1
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Schools Division Management and Development Team:

Writers: Gizelle M. Pangilinan Luningning C. Adarna Jasper M. Del Valle

Evaluator: Laila R. Maloles Albert T. Saul Lina M. Laguras

IT and Logistics: Gene Ross Jose I. Silva Mark Joseph O. Torres


Herbert R. Laluz Romar J. Laguna

Management Team: Daisy Z. Miranda


Buddy Chester M. Repia
Vincent Emmanuel L. Ilagan
Henry P. Contemplacion

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)


Published by: Department of Education – Schools Division of San Pablo City.

2
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

LEARNER’S PACKET
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Key Stage IV
WEEK 1
Content The learner understands the principles and uses of a position
Standards paper.
The learner produces an insightful statement of principles and
Performance
Standards
reasons for establishing a student organization, coming up with a
group exhibit of creative works, etc.

Most Essential Learner’s Packets


Learning Pre- Learner’s *Videos/
Content LM page Activity
Competencies requisites Materials Visuals/ Audio
number Sheets
(MELCs) (LMs) Materials
Analyzes the
arguments • Defending a
used by the Stand on an
writer/s in Issue by
manifestos Presenting
Reasonable ...
(n.d.).
Retrieved
Defends a January 26,
stand on an 2021, from
issue by https://www.yo
presenting utube.com/wat
ch?v=FnYGj0z
reasonable
Learner’s Ja-k
arguments • Gathers
supported by Arguments Activity
Manifestoes
properly cited in Manifestos Sheets and Analyzes
(LAS)
factual the Arguments
Used by the ...
evidences
(n.d.).
Retrieved
January 26,
2021, from
https://www.yo
utube.com/wat
ch?v=GxXS0w
I_8HA

3
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)


ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner
Grade level and
Section
Date

ARGUMENTS IN MANIFESTO
(WEEK 1)
Learning Competencies
Analyzes the arguments used by the writer/s in manifestos. CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-
IIa-d-3
Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments supported by
properly cited factual evidences. CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-4
Learning Context

MANIFESTO is defined as a written statement declaring publicly the intentions,


motives, or views of its issuer. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
It is a document wherein a person, government, or organization outlines their
intentions, motivations, and/or views. (wikihow.com)

In academic writing, an ARGUMENT is usually a main idea, often called a “claim”


or “thesis statement,” backed up with evidence that supports the idea.
(writingcenter.unc.edu). An argument is a set of ideas put together to prove a point. It
is different from the “real world’ meaning where an argument denotes “fight” or
“conflict”.

* Analyzing an argument means breaking it down into its components in order to


determine whether or not it is strong or weak, effective or not.

An argument consists of:


• Claim (Conclusion): What do you want reader to believe? It summarizes the main
idea. It is not just your opinion. It is what you think is true about a topic.
• Reasons or premise: Why should the reader accept your claim? It is the importance
of your claim. It includes the evidences that comes in various forms, including
specific examples quotes and ideas from other scholars, statistics, data,
testimonies, narratives and facts. These are statements of (assumed) fact which are
supposed to set forth the reasons and/or evidence for believing a claim.

Example:
1. Doctors earn a lot of money. (premise)
2. I want to earn a lot of money. (premise)
3. I should become a doctor. (claim)

*If the claim is supported, the argument is successful; if the claim is not
supported, the argument fails. (Cline A., 2020)

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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

THREE MAJOR WAYS THAT AUTHORS PRESENT AN ARGUMENT


1. REASONING-the author presents a logical explanation of the argument.
2. EVIDENCE- the author presents statistics, facts, and studies to prove his point
3. APPEAL- the author appeals to the reader's emotions to elicit empathy

TYPES OF ARGUMENT
• DEDUCTIVE: proceeds from general ideas/facts to specific inferences; is one in
which true premises guarantee a true conclusion. It is impossible for the
premises to be true but the conclusion false.
Example:
All men are mortal (premise)
Juan is a man. (premise)
Juan is a mortal. (conclusion)
• INDUCTIVE: derives from specific observations lead to a general conclusion; is
one in which premises offer strong support for a conclusion, but one that is not
a certainty. The premises are supposed to support the conclusion in such a way
that if the premises are true, it is improbable that the conclusion would
be false.
Example:
Juan is a Filipino. (premise)
Most Filipinos eat pork. (premise)
Juan ate pork. (conclusion)

ANALYZE THE ARGUMENT


In order to begin analyzing an argument, you must first look at the evidence
presented to you, then ask questions based on that evidence. Try asking these
questions:
• "Based on the evidence, is there a different explanation or claim possible? “
• "Is the evidence convincing and sound?"
• "How does the argument/evidence compare with others you've read?"

*It is important to cite your sources. It signifies that you are giving credit to
the owner of information and ideas you want to include in your essay.

THREE OF THE MOST COMMON TECHNIQUES IN SUPPORTING YOUR CLAIM.

1. QUOTATIONS (e.g. direct quotes, paraphrases, summaries)


Example: In its research project, the Literacy Foundation (2014, p. 167) argues that
“common punctuation errors cause problems with meaning-making in student writing”.
2.EXAMPLES (e.g. illustrations of your points)
Example:Many student writers have difficulty with some aspects of punctuation.
For example, researchers (George et al., 2016; Jones & Brown, 2013; Smith, 2012) find
that many students misuse commas, mix up colons and semicolons and use capital
letters incorrectly.
3. STATISTICS (e.g. facts, figures, diagrams)
Example:The literacy Reference Group (2017, para.10) finds that more than 60% of
the students who were assessed on their literacy scale made errors in their punctuation.

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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

ACTIVITY 1
Put a check (/) mark if the statement is an example of an argument and (x) if
not.
___1. BTS is the greatest K-Pop band of all times.
___2. The light from that star displays a peculiar wobble. The only possible
explanation of the wobble is that the star has an unseen planet. So, it is reasonable
to conclude that the star has a planet.
___3. Obesity has become a problem of many women because obesity rates have risen
over the past years.
___4. Selena likes ice cream. Peter likes softball. Sarah likes singing.
___5. Both Socrates and Aristotle were philosophers, both were male, both were from
Greece, and both wrote political works.

ACTIVITY 2
Write YES if the given statement is properly cited and NO if it is not properly
cited.
1. Allison (1987) demonstrated that leaving the ground in sod increases the organic
matter of the soil by 15 percent in 10 years.
2. Self-directed learning skills enables learners to self-direct and self-regulate
independent learning processes. (Francom, G. M., 2010)
3. The COVID-19 global pandemic has had a huge effect not only on the health and
business aspects but more so on the educational field which has resulted in an
unanticipated disturbances in the learning of students.
4. Reading comprehension is one of the reading competencies that every student has
to develop.
5. Keegan (1986) identifies three historical approaches to the development of a theory
of distance education.

ACTIVITY 3
Read the given text then complete the prompt questions that follow.

Legalizing Divorce in the Philippines


By: Carol Tinga
Published October 22, 2017

Marriage is sacred and a must. Marriage is the process by which two people
make their relationship public, official, and permanent. It is the joining of two people
in a bond that putatively lasts until death, but in practice is increasingly cut short by
separation. Over the course of a relationship that can last as many as seven or eight
decades, a lot happens. Personalities change, bodies age, and romantic love waxes
and wanes. And no marriage is free of conflict. What enables a couple to endure is
how they handle that conflict. It is lawful which should be follow and taken care by a
married people or a family. In addition, it is necessary in general. But if a marriage is
not working anymore that only leads to fighting then it only becomes an abuse, it
requires a legal separation to any of the spouses. This process undergone legally and

6
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

has a sanction of the court. It could be an annulment just like here in our country,
the Philippines, we allow it.

People who say that divorce is not advisable for the Philippines forget or ignore
our history. The ethno-linguistic communities of the Philippine archipelago before the
Spanish conquest practiced divorce. We had a divorce law from 1917 until August 30,
1950, when the Civil Code of 1950 took effect. The latter law prohibited divorce for
Filipinos, and the prohibition continues under the present Family Code. But Muslim
Filipinos have always practiced divorce, which Philippine law allowed. Today, divorce
continues to be available to Muslim Filipinos under the Code of Muslim Personal Law
of the Philippines (Presidential Decree No. 1083), promulgated in 1977.

In the Philippines as well as the other states such as Vatican City and British
Crown Dependency of Shark the thing called ‘Divorce’ is not applicable now a day in
the said countries. But a bill recently filed in Congress provides hope for thousands
of couples trapped in failed and often abusive marriages, by legalizing divorce. It is
now the fight to make divorce legal in the Philippines. The dissolution of a marriage
is almost always an unhappy event, at the very least marked by disappointment and
the loss of dreams and expectations. In addition, there are usually many legal,
financial, parental, emotional, and practical aspects that require changes in
responsibilities and routines, and it can take people years to regain equilibrium.
Nevertheless, divorce serves an important function in legally and emotionally freeing
people to form a more stable relationship.

A divorce law will provide a remedy that Article 36 does not. Divorce does not
concern itself with validity or invalidity of a marriage. It terminates a marriage based
on a ground that occurred during the marriage, which makes the marital relationship
no longer tenable, regardless of the spouse’s psychological constitution. A divorce law
will provide a straightforward remedy to a marital failure. It will benefit Filipinos
wherever they are.

It is time to give the remedy of divorce to those who need it, even as we respect
the decision of those who want to stay married despite their miserable marital life.
First thing is that a couple’s conflicts often lead to maltreatment and the women are
the most affected in the situation. Simple, because compare to women men are more
aggressive and stronger when it comes to strength. Another is that a man has a power
to rule the house even in a wrong way, so a woman was set aside because of its poor
capability. Lastly, a woman is more emotional so if its trust will be misuse it leads to
overthinking and makes a woman struggle a depression which is really unhealthy.

The Catholic Church need not worry. To be sure, the Catholic Church will be
the staunchest opponent of the divorce bill. It will once again argue against the bill
on moral grounds. It will appeal the constitutional provision directing the State to
protect marriage and the family, and another that refers to the sanctity of family life.
But these constitutional provisions were never intended to prohibit Congress from
legalizing divorce. First, we are a secular state, where no religious group has the right
to define law or policy for the entire population. The law should only give people a
choice, to be exercised according to their own personal beliefs. Second, non-divorced

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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

Catholics need to be careful of assumptions, to discard any trace of judgment toward


the divorced. Since most the Filipinos have “been there, done that” when it comes to
being judgmental, we can address this issue personally. It is too easy for those who
have never experienced the desperation and sorrow of a failed marriage to believe that
“they could have done something to save it.” They really have no idea at all. Lastly,
not every marriage was joined by ‘God’ even it took place in church. This may seem
like a rationalization, but Jesus’ statement in Matthew 19:6 (“Therefore, what God
has joined together, no human being must separate”) does not apply to all marriages.

Divorce should be legalized to avoid adultery. It is a voluntary sexual


intercourse between a married man and someone other than his wife or between a
married woman and someone other than her husband. First, a man or a woman does
not need to be trapped in a horrible marriage. If they do not have the love for each
other anymore in a way that they tend to cheat, they can have the answer for now
and do not need to break the law or even the God’s Ten Commandments. A divorce is
an open door for every individual to escape for. Then, every individual could have the
power to decide for their own good just like marrying other people whom they really
love. It made them set aside their spouse but at least they only think on what is right
than to cheat. Lastly, people will get nervous on the consequences and will only do
their best in avoidance in committing adultery.

As been stated above it is better to legalize divorced because first it only leads
to maltreatment, stereotyping, and depression which may affects women the most.
Second, because not all marriage was joined by God, which makes sense that any of
the religious beliefs do not have the right to hinder our country in legalizing divorce
which is beneficial otherwise. Lastly, it could promote a healthy marriage and family
through the succession of finally approving or legalizing divorce in the Philippines.

We are the only country that does not allow divorce now a days it was once a
law during American colonial. A divorce law will provide a remedy that Article 36 does
not; it terminates a marriage based on a ground that occurred during the marriage,
which makes the marital relationship no longer tenable, regardless of the spouse’s
psychological constitution. A divorce law will provide a straightforward remedy to a
marital failure. It will benefit Filipinos wherever they are.

Every day people bear children, they get married, and die after all. It is a big
breaks again to us Filipinos the enactment of divorce that serves important function
in legally and emotionally freeing people to form a more stable relationship.

Source: https://caroltinga.wordpress.com/2017/10/22/a-position-paper-on-legalizing-
divorce-in-the-philippines/

After reading the text, answer the following:


1. What is author’s main claim or argument?
2. Reason 1: Cite one main reason the author gives for his claim.
(List evidence given by the author to support the reason)

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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

3. Reason 2: Cite another reason the author presents


(List evidence given by the author to support the reason 2)
4. Which persuasive devices did the author use? Support your answer
- Appeals to emotion
- Use data or scholarly articles
- Explains different sides of the argument
- Others ______
5. Do you spot any weakness or missing points in the author’s argument? What
about the strong points? Please indicate.

Scoring Rubric (If necessary)


Reflection
Write your understanding of the lesson by completing the following to come up with
a statement.
1. I learned that…..

2. I realized that…..

3. I intend to……

References:

Argument. (2019, January 24). Retrieved January 25, 2021, from


https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/argument/

Betts, J. (n.d.). Short Manifesto Examples. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/short-manifesto-examples.html

CarolTinga. (2017, October 22). A Position Paper on Legalizing Divorce in the Philippines.
Retrieved January 25, 2021, from https://caroltinga.wordpress.com/2017/10/22/a-
position-paper-on-legalizing-divorce-in-the-philippines/

Cline, A. (n.d.). The Difference Between Deductive and Inductive Reasoning in Arguments.
Retrieved January 25, 2021, from https://www.learnreligions.com/deductive-and-
inductive-arguments-249754

Megan Morgan, P. (2020, September 23). How to Write a Manifesto. Retrieved January 25,
2021, from https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Manifesto

Simons, J., Porter, N., & Briggs, A. (n.d.). Education Manifesto [PDF]. United Kingdom: Policy
Exchange.

9
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

Valencia, R. R., Pangilinan, R. A., & Songco, R. B. (n.d.). English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 1: Arguments in Manifestoes [PDF]. Balanga City:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan.

Valencia, R. R., Pangilinan, R. A., & Songco, R. B. (n.d.). English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 2: Stand on Issues Supported by Factual Evidences [PDF].
Balanga City: Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan.

Writing an Analysis of an Author's Argument. (n.d.). Retrieved January 25, 2021, from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/writing-an-analysis-of-an-authors-
argument.html.

Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1
1. X
2. /
3. /
4. X
5. X

ACTIVITY 2
1. Yes 2.Yes 3.No 4.No 5.Yes

ACTIVITY 3.

(answers vary)

LEARNER’S PACKET
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Key Stage IV
WEEK 2
Content The learner understands the principles and uses of a
Standards position paper.
Performance The learners present a convincing position paper based on
Standards properly cited factual evidence.

Most Learner’s Packets


Essential Learne
Pre- LM Activ
Learning Cont r’s
requisi page ity
Compete ent Materi *Videos/ Visuals/ Audio Materials
tes als
num Shee
ncies ber t
(MELCs) (LMs)
Learn • EAPP Q2 Module 1 Discussion -
Write The
er’s Writing a Position Paper ... (n.d.).
various Positi
Activit Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
kinds of on
y https://www.youtube.com/watch

10
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

position Pape Sheet ?v=u84cn42V0pI


papers r s
(LAS)

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)


ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner
Grade level and
Section
Date

THE POSITION PAPER


(WEEK 2)
Learning Competencies
Write various kinds of position papers. CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-1
Learning Context

WHAT IS A POSITION PAPER?

The position paper is devoted to a discussion of one side of an issue. While other
essays are devoted to presenting information, the position paper tackles one
significant issue of a community on which the author tales a stand. What makes the
position paper challenging is that since the work aims at convincing readers to take
the author’s position, credible evidence needs to be presented.

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A POSITION PAPER


✓ ISSUE- is similar to the topic sentence. It is the central concept up for contention.
Specifically, an issue would have supporters for both negative and positive sides and the
author chooses one for the position paper.
Example: Dress Code (topic)
Implementing a dress code in school (issue)
✓ ARGUMENTATIVE THESIS- states the stand of the author on the issue.
✓ CLAIMS- these are statements that support the author’s stand.
✓ EVIDENCE- these are proofs to strengthen the author’s claims
* evidence from surveys,library research, and experiments
* evidence from informant interviews (those who have direct experience
related to the problem/issue)
* evidence from expert interviews

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A POSITION PAPER


1. Introduction- contains background information concerning the issue (who, what,
when, where, and why), a yes or no question containing the issue, and the
argumentative thesis.
* The Yes or No question is the issue posed as an interrogative statement. This
allows readers to see both sides of the issue. It also allows you to weigh the evidence
to support your claims for your essay.

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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

2. Summary of counterclaims- this constitutes the second paragraph of your


position paper and is devoted to an enumeration of arguments opposing a stand. It
is a unique feature of argumentations as it highlights the author’s oppposite claims.
This will allow you to refute these claims in the body of your argument. In writing
this, you need to be brief.
3. Arguments- includes evidence that will convince readers on the strength of your
stand.
4. Conclusion- it contains a restatement of your thesis and summarizes your main
claims. Similar to the introduction, it holds a powerful poition as it contains the
thesis statement and gives readers a strong sense of the author’s position.

QUALITIES OF A CONVINCING POSITION PAPER


a. Contains a clear proposition or statement that must be defended
b. Assesses conflicting opinions or opposing views on the issue.
c. Takes a firm stand on the issue.
d. Lists arguments in an organized manner to defend the stand.
e. Presents factual evidence or proofs to support each argument.

GUIDES BEFORE WRITING YOUR PAPER


➢ Understanding the topic given- it is your responsibility as a participant to
understand the topic first before you take a position on the matter. When you fail
to understand the topic well, you may end up giving points that do not display
your position. Yyou can go ahead and conduct some research on the topic just to
be certain of the points that you will come up with.
➢ Ensure your topic can easily be arguable- if you will be asked to write on for
your position paper, go for a topic that has points and can bring contradiction to
arise argument. A good topic should have almost similar points on both sides of
the argument to bring a healthy conversation of the parties involved.
➢ List the advantages and disadvantages for both sides of the argument- when
you list the advantages and disadvantages of two different sides of the argument
you will be able to pick the best position that you can confidently argue.
➢ Pick your position and formulate your points- in a position paper you have to
take a position in the argument. Ensure that you have sufficient points to support
your position.
➢ Understand your audience position on the matter- it is also good to understand
where your audience is placed in the argument so that you can design your
arguments to satisfy them on the points you try to bring out.

HELPFUL TIPS TO MAKE YOUR PAPER OUTSTAND:


✓ Design an official look for your paper- in being official you only need to be
realistic in your arguments so that the readers can easily be convinced with your
points without much questioning.
✓ Make it as simple as possible- in a presentation of your claims you should
ensure that you are direct to the point and avoid unclear explanations because it
makes your work tiresome to read. Be clear by using simple, understandable
language, avoid too much use of vocabulary in your work.

12
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

✓ Be organized in the presentation of your points- you should be able to know


which point comes first and ensure each idea is placed in its paragraph. This will
also help your paper have an official look.
✓ Put references for your points- citing your sources is very key as it gives your
points a higher hand over the rest given that it can be refereed hence valid.
✓ Go through your paper after completing- it is good to proofread your work as it
will enable you to see some common mistakes made and you can also change the
flow of points to be persuasive to your audience.

ACTIVITY 1
Modified TRUE or FALSE. Write AGREE if the statement is true and if false,
choose the word/s that made the statement incorrect then write the correct
answer.

1. Yes or No question allows readers to see only one side of the issue.
2. Argumentative thesis supports the author’s stand.
3. Counterclaims contain a restatement of your thesis and summarizes your main
claims.
4. Evidence are proofs to strengthen the author’s claims.
5. It is your responsibility as a participant to understand the topic first before you
take a position on the matter.

ACTIVITY 2
All countries encounter endless issues and dilemmas. As a student, you have to be
aware and be observant about the current issues that our country is facing every day.
With that, think of four major problems we are battling and facing in the Philippine
society today.

◼ Problem #1:
Opinion:
Suggested Solution:

◼ Problem #2:
Opinion:
Suggested Solution:

◼ Problem #3:
Opinion:
Suggested Solution:

◼ Problem #4:
Opinion:
Suggested Solution:

13
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

ACTIVITY 3
From the list of problems, you have given in Activity 2, choose one topic/issue that
has captured your interest, then write your own position paper about it. Be guided
with the tips that will make your position paper outstand. Be consistent with your
stance; no in-betweens.

Your paper must have the following:


*Introduction (you should capture the reader’s attention, define the issue given
and state your claim.)
*Body (State three arguments then cite the evidence supporting your arguments)
*Conclusion: (This part includes restating your claim, summarizing reasons and
explaining why your stand/ claim is worthy to read)

Scoring Rubric (If necessary)

Reflection

Write your understanding of the lesson by completing the following to come up with
a statement.
1. I learned that…..
2. I realized that…..
3. I intend to……

14
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

References:
Duerme, K. C., Pangilinan, R. A., & Songco, R. B. (n.d.). English for Academic and Pro fe ssional
Purposes Quarter 2 Module 3 Writing Various Kinds of Position Paper [PDF]. Balanga City:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan.

Emily Listmann, M. (2019, March 29). How to Write a Position Paper. Retrieved January 26,
2021, from https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Position-Paper

How To Write a Position Paper Efficiently - A Research Guide. (2019, November 21). Retrieved
January 26, 2021, from https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-a-position-paper.html

Laurel, M. C., Lucero, A. F., & Bumatay-Cruz, R. T. (2016). English for Academic and
Professional Purposes Teacher’s Guide [PDF]. Pasig City: Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).

Rellosa, |. (2015, April 22). Argumentative Essay: The Medium of Instruction in the
Philippines. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://a55arellosahana.wordpress.com/2015/04/22/argumentative-essay-the-
medium-of-instruction-in-the-philippines/

Sledge. (n.d.). Persuasive Essay : Position Paper Rubric [PDF].

Valdez, P. M. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series. English for Academic and
Professional Purposes. Phoenix Publication.

WriteMyPaper4me.org. (n.d.). Composing an Excellent Position Paper Sample Outline.


Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://writemypaper4me.org/blog/position-paper-
sample

Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1
1. One side- two sides
2. Argumentative thesis- claim
3. Counterclaims- conclusion
4. AGREE
5. AGREE
ACTIVITY 2
(answers vary)
ACTIVITY 3.
(answers vary, guided with rubrics)

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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN PABLO CITY

LEARNER’S PACKET
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Key Stage IV
WEEK 3
Content The learner understands the principles and uses of surveys,
Standards experiments and scientific observations.
Performance The learner produces a well-written report for various
Standards disciplines.

Most Learner’s Packets


Essential
Pre- Learner’s LM
Learning Content *Videos/ Visuals/
requisites Materials page Manipulative
Competencies (LMs) number
Audio Materials
(MELCs)
Determines Various
the objectives Kinds of
and Learner’s
Reports:
Activity
structures of Objectives
Sheets
various kinds and
(LAS)
of report. Structure

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner
Grade level and
Section
Date

VARIOUS KINDS OF REPORTS: OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURES


(WEEK 3)
Learning Competencies
Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of report.
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-6
WHAT IS A REPORT?
✓ A Report may be defined as a statement or an account, either big or small, on some
happenings, findings, observations or recommendations prepared either by an
individual or by a group. A report may be oral or written.
✓ A report is a specific form of writing organized around concisely identifying and
examining issues, events, or findings that have happened in a physical sense.
✓ Reports generally involve presenting your investigation and analysis of information
or an issue, recommending actions, and making proposals.
✓ It can be the description of the conditions that did exist, that do exist, or that are
likely to exist. In short, we can say that a report is usually a piece of factual writing,

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based on evidence, containing organized information on a particular topic and/or


analysis of that topic.

TYPES OF REPORT
1. INFORMAL REPORT. It is used to inform, analyze and recommend. It usually takes
the form of a memo, letter or a very short document like a monthly financial report,
research and development report, etc. This report is shorter and informal than a
formal report. It is written according to organization‘s style and rules but generally
does not include the preliminary and supplemental material. The informal report
is generally more conversational in tone and typically deals with everyday problems
and issues of an organization. Sales reports, lab reports, progress reports, service
reports, etc. are few examples of this kind of reports.

Types of Informal Report


There are many embodiments of the informal report:
▪ Progress report- A progress report is exactly what it sounds like – a document that
explains in detail how you far you’ve gone towards the completion of a project.
▪ Sales activity report- A sales report, or sales analysis report, gives an overview of
the state of the sales activities within a company. It shows the different trends
happening in the sales volume over a certain time, but also analyzes the different
steps of the sales funnel and the performance of sales executives.
▪ Personnel evaluation- Evaluation reports are formal documentations that are
used to measure how well someone or something has performed, while also
contributing to how their performance can be improved.
▪ Financial report- A financial report (also referred to as financial statement or
finance report) is a management tool used to communicate key financial information
to both internal and external stakeholders by covering every aspect of financial affairs.
▪ Feasibility report- is a paper that examines a proposed solution and evaluates
whether it is possible, given certain constraints. These constraints could be anything:
financial, social, practical, environmental, technical, legal, or any number of other
things that could make it impossible or impractical for a solution to be implemented.
▪ Literature review- summarizes and synthesizes the existing scholarly research on
a particular topic. Literature reviews are a form of academic writing commonly used
in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities.
▪ Credit report- is a detailed history of the loans you've received and credit cards
you've used. If you've had collections, they may also appear on any of the credit
reports.

2. Formal Report. The formal report is the collection and interpretation of data and
information. The formal report is complex and used at an official level. It is
often a written account of a major project. Examples of subject matter include
new technologies, the advisability of launching a new project line, results of a
study or experiment, an annual report, or a year-old review of developments
in the field.

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Types of Formal Report they can be categorized as:


▪ Informational reports- Informational reports present results so readers can
understand a particular problem or situation.
▪ Analytical reports- present results analyze those results, and draw conclusions based
on those results.These reports attempt to describe why or how something happened and
then to explain what it means.
▪ Recommendation reports- This type advocates a particular course of action. This
usually present the results and conclusions that support the recommendations.

Reports are used:


- to document a series of events, such as in an incident report or police report.
- to explain the results and findings of a research report.
- to properly convey the facts and data.
- to understand a decision and the course of action.
- to present an information in a presentable manner that can be easily understood.

Guidelines for Writing a Report Structure

Here are the guidelines for writing a report structure.


- Begin with the title page, containing title, your name, submission date.The title needs
to concisely state the topic of the report. It needs to be informative and descriptive so that
someone just reading the title will understand the main issue of your report. You do not
need to include excessive detail in your title but avoid being vague and too general.
- Follow it with the executive summary(abstract). This is the ‘shop window’ for your report.
It is the first (and sometimes the only) section to be read and should be the last to be written.
It should enable the reader to make an informed decision about whether they want to read the
whole report. The length will depend on the extent of the work reported but it is usually a
paragraph or two and always less than a page.
- The table of contents must always be present in a longer report.
- The report must have the 3 main parts:
✓ Introduction – terms of reference and the outline of the report. In this section you
explain the rationale for undertaking the work reported on, including what you
have been asked (or chosen) to do, the reasons for doing it and the background to
the study. It should be written in an explanatory style.
✓ Body – contains headings and subheading to highlight importance
✓ Conclusion – major interference and the overview of the solution. The conclusion of the
report is the part of the report where it is tricky to write. The con clusion is more like the
introduction that summarizes the report. However, the conclusion of the report is not only
used to summarize the report, it is also where the solution of the problem is being
addressed and discussed.
- Included in the report structure is the list of references.
- End the report with the appendix.

ACTIVITY 1
Read and analyze the following statements. Write YES if the underlined word is
correct and if not write the correct answer.

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1. Sales Report is a management tool used to communicate key financial information


to both internal and external stakeholders by covering every aspect of financial affairs.
2. The formal report is complex and used at an official level.
3. The conclusion contains headings and subheading to highlight importance.
4. Progress report is a paper that examines a proposed solution and evaluates whether
it is possible, given certain constraints.
5. Literature review summarizes and synthesizes the existing scholarly research on a
particular topic. Literature reviews are a form of academic writing commonly used in
the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. .

ACTIVITY 2
Read the report below then answer the questions that follow.

Fast-food Addiction

(1) It is no secret that the US is leading the world in its swelling obesity. The
nation is subsisting on a diet of high-calorie convenience food. In fact,
Americans have increased their spending on fast-food items from $6 billion to
nearly $160 billion annually over the past four decades. What may come as a
shock, however, is the accumulation of evidence suggesting that the main
ingredients in the typical “hamburger, fries, and a cola” are addictive
compounds that keep customers lining up for their next fix.
(2) The key culprits are sugar and fat. Empirical studies reveal that the heavy
dosage of these substances in today’s super-sized standard of a fast-food meal
can trigger brain activity similar to that endured when a person is on hard
drugs. A representative individual serving at McDonald’s or Burger King can
dish out up to 2000 calories, including more than a cup of sugar and 84 grams
of fat. Single-handedly, this meal sized portion meets the full daily caloric
requirement for the average woman. Moreover, it exceeds the recommended
daily allowances of both sugar and fat for any adult, regardless of gender.

(3) Whereas heroin is an opiate, both sugar and fat stimulate endogenous
opioids such as beta-endorphins in the hypothalamus, just above the brain
stem. These naturally occurring painkillers activate the release of dopamine, a
neurotransmitter, into a small cluster of cells located in the midbrain called
the nucleus acumens. Here, dopamine functions to elicit feelings of pleasure
or euphoria. What’s more, it motivates an individual to proactively repeat any
action that originally fueled its production. In the case of sugar and fat,
purported addiction is a consequence of the body craving the release of
dopamine inherent in their consumption.
(4) To validate reports that fat and sugar behave in a drug-like fashion,
researchers have conducted laboratory studies demonstrating that they induce

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classic addictive symptoms. For example, eliminating sugar from the


nutritional regime of rats that are used to a primarily sweet diet produced
anxiety asymptomatic of heroin and nicotine withdrawal. Moreover, increased
tolerance to addictive food substances was noted. In one experiment, rates
were fed a chocolate drink containing a high ratio of both fat and sugar.
Although the animals were found to ingest increasing amounts of the potent
liquid, their total production of resulting brain opiates was, in fact, diminished.
This would suggest that the rodents had become progressively more tolerant
to the effects of fat and sugar. Furthermore, it is likely they would subsequently
require a greater quantity in order to achieve the same high.
(5) Likewise in humans, brain-imaging scans of obese and non-obese persons
illustrate that the heftier the individual, the fewer dopamine receptors are
present. Researchers are uncertain whether this is the basis or the outcome of
obesity. However, it is clear that as weight rises, individuals need to consume
increasingly larger portions to experience a comparable euphoric effect.

Source: English for Academic and Professional Purposes Learner’s’s Guide, p. 193

Answer the following:

1. Is the report formal or informal? Justify your answer.

2. What does the report try to tell the readers?

3. Do you think it is a valid report? State some evidence.

Scoring Rubric (If necessary)


Activity 2.
5 Points each:
*grammar-2pts
*clarity-3pts

Reflection
Write your understanding of the lesson by completing the following to come up with
a statement.
4. I learned that…..
5. I realized that…..
6. I intend to……

References:
Reports (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.rusu.rmit.edu.au/reports

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Admin. (2015, September 22). Different types of report writing. Retrieved January 26, 2021,
from https://pediaa.com/different-types-of-report-writing/

Check Your Credit & Make Smarter Financial Decisions. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021,
from https://www.credit.com/free-credit-report-card/#!

Duerme, K. C., Pangilinan, R. A., & Songco, R. B. (n.d.). English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Quarter 2 Module 4 Objectives and Structures of Various Kinds of Reports [PDF].
Balanga City: Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan.

How to Structure a Report. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from


https://www.examples.com/business/structure-a-report.html

How to Write Feasibility Reports: Purpose, Structure & Content. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26,
2021, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-to-write-feasibility-reports-
purpose-structure-content.html

Mutsoli, V. (2020, August 06). Types of reports - the best format, samples and informative tips.
Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.tuko.co.ke/281829-5-major-types-
reports-format-examples-tips.html

Paul, T. (2015, September 17). REPORT WRITING:TYPES, FORMAT, STRUCTURE AND


RELEVANCE. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.slideshare.net/tulikapaul524/report-writingtypes-format-structure-and-
relevance

Reports: Definition, Features and Types: Company Management. (2016, January 25).
Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/company/meetings/reports-definition-features-
and-types-company-management/75173

Sales Report Templates For Daily, Weekly & Monthly Reports. (2020, July 15). Retrieved
January 26, 2021, from https://www.datapine.com/blog/sales-report-kpi-examples-
for-daily-reports/

University Centre Grimsby. (n.d.). STRUCTURE OF REPORTS [PDF].

Valdes, O. (n.d.). What You Need to Know about Writing a Literature Review. Retrieved January
26, 2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/literature-review-research-1691252

Valdez, P. M. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series. English for Academic and
Professional Purposes. Phoenix Publication.
Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1
1. Financial report 2.Yes 3.Body 4.Feasibility 5.Yes

ACTIVITY 2
(answers vary, 5 points each item)

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LEARNER’S PACKET
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Key Stage IV

WEEK 4
Content The learner understands the principles and uses of a position
Standards paper.
The learner produces an insightful statement of principles and
Performance
Standards
reasons for establishing a student organization, coming up with a
group exhibit of creative works, etc.

Most Essential Learner’s Packets


Learning Pre- *Videos/
Learner’s LM
Content Visuals/
Competencies requisites Materials page Manipulative
Audio
(MELCs) (LMs) number
Materials
Designs, tests
Learner’s
and revises Designing
Activity
survey Survey
Sheets
questionnaires Questionnaires
(LAS)

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner
Grade level and
Section
Date

Designing Survey Questionnaires


(WEEK 4)
Learning Competencies
Designs, tests and revises survey questionnaires
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-7
Learning Context

A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions


for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Questionnaires can
be thought of as a kind of written interview. They can be carried out face to
face, by telephone, computer or post.

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Questionnaires can be an effective means of measuring the behavior,


attitudes, preferences, opinions and, intentions of relatively large numbers of
subjects more cheaply and quickly than other methods.
Often a questionnaire uses both open and closed questions to collect data.
This is beneficial as it means both quantitative and qualitative data can be
obtained.
Closed Questions
Closed questions structure the answer by only allowing responses which fit
into pre-decided categories.
Data that can be placed into a category is called nominal data. The category
can be restricted to as few as two options, i.e., dichotomous (e.g., 'yes' or 'no,'
'male' or 'female'), or include quite complex lists of alternatives from which the
respondent can choose (e.g., polytomous).
Closed questions can also provide ordinal data (which can be ranked). This
often involves using a continuous rating scale to measure the strength of
attitudes or emotions. For example, strongly agree / agree / neutral / disagree
/ strongly disagree / unable to answer.
Closed questions have been used to research type A personality (e.g.,
Friedman & Rosenman, 1974), and also to assess life events which may cause
stress (Holmes & Rahe, 1967), and attachment (Fraley, Waller, & Brennan,
2000).

Strengths

❖ They can be economical.


❖ The respondent provides information which can be easily converted into
quantitative data (e.g., count the number of 'yes' or 'no' answers),
allowing statistical analysis of the responses.
❖ The questions are standardized.

Limitations
❖ They lack detail.
Open Questions

Open questions allow people to express what they think in their own words.
Open-ended questions enable the respondent to answer in as much detail as
they like in their own words.

For example: “can you tell me how happy you feel right now?”

Open questions are often used for complex questions that cannot be answered in a
few simple categories but require more detail and discussion.

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Strengths
❖ Rich qualitative data is obtained as open questions allow the respondent to
elaborate on their answer. This means the research can find out why a person
holds a certain attitude.

Limitations
❖ Time-consuming to collect the data.
❖ Time-consuming to analyze the data.
❖ Not suitable for less educated respondents as open questions require superior
writing skills and a better ability to express one's feelings verbally.

Questionnaire Design

Important factors in questionnaire design:

Aims
Make sure that all questions asked address the aims of the research. However,
use only one feature of the construct you are investigating in per item.

Length
The longer the questionnaire, the less likely people will complete it. Questions
should be short, clear, and be to the point; any unnecessary questions/items
should be omitted.

Pilot Study
Run a small- scale practice study to ensure people understand the questions.
People will also be able to give detailed honest feedback on the questionnaire
design.

Question Order
Questions should progress logically from the least sensitive to the most
sensitive, from the factual and behavioral to the cognitive, and from the more
general to the more specific.
The researcher should ensure that the answer to a question is not influenced
by previous questions.

Terminology
There should be a minimum of technical jargon. Questions should be simple,
to the point and easy to understand.

Presentation

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Make sure it looks professional, include clear and concise instructions. If sent
through the post make sure the envelope does not signify ‘junk mail.’

Ethical Issues
The researcher must ensure that the information provided by the respondent
is kept confidential, e.g., name, address, etc.

This means questionnaires are good for researching sensitive topics as


respondents will be more honest when they cannot be identified.

Keeping the questionnaire confidential should also reduce the likelihood of any
psychological harm, such as embarrassment.
Participants must provide informed consent prior to completing the
questionnaire, and must be aware that they have the right to withdraw their
information at any time during the survey/ study.

Problems with Postal Questionnaires

The data might not be valid (i.e., truthful) as we can never be sure that the
right person actually completed the postal questionnaire.

Also, postal questionnaires may not be representative of the population they


are studying.

➢ This is because some questionnaires may be lost in the post reducing


the sample size.
➢ The questionnaire may be completed by someone who is not a member
of the research population.
➢ Those with strong views on the questionnaire’s subject are more likely
to complete it than those with no interest in it.

Benefits of a Pilot Study


A pilot study is a practice / small-scale study conducted before the main study.
It allows the researcher to try out the study with a few participants so that
adjustments can be made before the main study, so saving time and money.
It is important to conduct a questionnaire pilot study for the following reasons:
▪ Check that respondents understand the terminology used in the
questionnaire.
▪ Check that emotive questions have not been used as they make people
defensive and could invalidate their answers.

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▪ Check that leading questions have not been used as they could bias the
respondent's answer.
Ensure the questionnaire can be completed in an appropriate time frame
(i.e., it's not too long.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html

DESIGNING A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Questionnaire research design proceeds in an orderly and specific manner. Each item
in the flow chart depends upon the successful completion of all the previous items.
Therefore, it is important not to skip a single step.

Questionnaire Research Flow Chart


Design Methodology

Determine Feasibility

Develop Instruments

Select Sample

Conduct Pilot Test

Revise Instruments

Conduct Research

Analyze Data

Prepare Report

Establishing Goals. The first step in any survey is deciding what you want to
learn. The goals of the project determine whom you will survey and what you
will ask them.

Selecting Your Sample. There are two main components in determining


whom you will interview. The first is deciding what kind of people to
interview. Researchers often call this group the target population.

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The next thing to decide is how many people you need to interview. The
larger the sample, the more precisely it reflects the target group.

Avoiding a Biased Sample. A biased sample will produce biased results.


Totally excluding all bias is almost impossible; however, if you recognize bias
exists, you can intuitively discount some of the answers Interviewing
Methods.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION


➢ Personal Interviews. An interview is called personal when the
Interviewer asks the questions face-to-face with the Interviewee.
➢ Telephone Surveys. Surveying by telephone is the most popular
interviewing method in the USA. This is made possible by nearly
universal coverage (96% of homes have a telephone)
➢ Computer Direct Interviews. These are interviews in which the
Interviewees enter their own answers directly into a computer Email
Surveys.
➢ Email surveys are both very economical and very fast.
➢ Internet/Intranet (Web Page) Surveys. Web surveys are rapidly
gaining popularity.
They have major speed, cost, and flexibility advantages, but also
significant
sampling limitations.

QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN
General Considerations

1. The first rule is to design the questionnaire to fit the medium. People
responding to mail or Web surveys cannot easily ask “What exactly do you
mean by that?” if they do not understand a question. Personal questions are
sometimes best handled by mail or computer, where anonymity is most
assured.

2. KISS - keep it short and simple.

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3. Start with an introduction or welcome message. A good introduction or


welcome message will encourage people to complete your questionnaire.

4. Allow a “Don't Know” or “Not Applicable” response to all questions, except


to those in which you are certain that all respondents will have a clear answer.

Researchers use three basic types of questions: multiple choice, numeric


open
end and text open end. Examples of each kind of question follow:

QUESTION TYPES. Researchers use three basic types of questions: multiple


choice, numeric open end and text open end. Examples of each kind of
question follow:

Rating Scales and Agreement Scales are two common types of questions that
some researchers treat as multiple- choice questions and others treat as
numeric open -end questions. Examples of these kinds of questions are:

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Pre-test the Questionnaire

The last step in questionnaire design is to test a questionnaire with a


small number of interviews before conducting the main interviews. This
kind of test run can reveal unanticipated problems with question wording,
instructions to skip questions, etc.
Choosing sensible questions and administering surveys with sensitivity
and common sense will improve the quality of your results dramatically.
http://www.surveysystem.com/sdesign.htm#goals

5 COMMON SURVEY QUESTION MISTAKES


1. Don’t write leading questions.
Bad Question: How short was Napoleon?
Good Question: How would you describe Napoleon’s height?
2. Avoid loaded questions
Bad Question: Where do you enjoy drinking beer?
3. Stay away from double-barreled questions
Bad Question: How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the pay and
work benefits of your
current job?
Good Question: How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the pay of
your current job? How
satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work
benefits of your current job?
4. Absolutely do not use absolutes in questions
Bad Question: Do you always eat breakfast? (Yes/No)

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Good Question: How many days a week do you usually eat breakfast?
(Every day/ 5-6 days/ 3-4
days/ 1- 2 days/ I usually don’t eat breakfast)
5. Be clear by speaking your respondent’s language
Bad Question: What was the state of the cleanliness of the room?
Good Question: How clean was the room?
(Updated: https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/5-common-survey-
mistakesruin-your-data/)

ACTIVITY 1. Distinguish a well-written survey question from a confusing


one. Write YES if the given
question is good, and NO if otherwise.
1. “What is your age and your birthday?”
2. Should concerned parents use infant car seats?
3. What’s the primary reason for canceling your account?
4. What is your favorite product?
5. How satisfied are you with our customer support?

Source:https://wpforms.com/survey-questions/
https://blog.hubspot.com/service/questionnaire

ACTIVITY 2. WHAT IS A SURVEY?

A survey is a research method used for collecting data from a predefined


group of respondents to gain information and insights into various topics of
interest. They can have multiple purposes, and researchers can conduct it in
many ways depending on the methodology chosen and the study’s goal.

Answer the sample survey below then assess it using the rubric below.
Write your score in every criterion in your answer sheet. If the total
score is 24, then it is a good survey questionnaire.

Community Level Questions

Please identify which Community you represent


Name of Community represented

Covid -19 Awareness and Knowledge


Health and COVID-19 Yes No N/A
Has your community been affected by Covid-19?
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Did your community receive any public health


awareness about Covid-19?
Did your community impose any preventive
measures associated with Covid-19?
Has there been any positive Covid-19 cases
identified in your community?
Is there any food shortage or food insufficiency in
the community?
Do you receive any support from the government
or other organization?

Food Production and Income Generation


Food Production
Does your community have any restriction on
food production through fishing and aquaculture
farming?
Does your community have alternative ways to
generate income?
Has there been a reduction in the capacity to
reproduce to produce food in the community?

Market and Distribution


Market and Distribution
Is the community selling fish, fish products and
aquaculture products at markets?

A reaction or response paper requires the writer to analyze a text, then


develop commentary related to it.

Rating
Category 4 3 2 1 Score
Purpose Purpose is Purpose is Purpose is Purpose is
stated stated stated not stated
clearly. somewhat vaguely.
clearly.
Clarity of Questions Questions Questions Questions
questions are crystal are very are are
clear, and a clear, and a somewhat confusing
person person clear, and and
would not might have a person ambiguous.
have to to ask for would have
ask for clarification. to ask for
clarification. clarification.

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Choice of Every Most people Few people No one


responses person would would be would
would be able to able to be able to
be able to choose choose from choose from
choose from the the the
from the responses. responses. responses.
responses.
Content All essentialMost of the Some of the One or
questions essential essential fewer
are questions questions essential
properly are are questions
addressed. properly properly are
addressed. addressed. addressed.
Spelling/ All words Most words Most words Numerous
Grammar are spelled are are spelling
correctly. spelled spelled errors.
Grammar, correctly. correctly. Grammar,
punctuation, Grammar, Grammar, punctuation,
spacing punctuation, punctuation, spacing and
and word spacing spacing word usage
usage are and word and word have a
appropriate. usage are usage have number of
mostly some errors. errors.
appropriate.
Utility Easy to use Easy to Choppy, but Difficult to
and follow. gets the follow and
pleasant to job done. is jumbled.
look at.
Total
Score

ACTIVITY 3. Directions. WRITING A SURVEY: Decide which criteria


have been violated in the writing of this survey question. Rewrite the question
to make it a good survey item. (IT Module: Unit 1 Lesson 11 Pathways to
Prosperity Network 9 @
https://ptopnetwork.jff.org/sites/default/files/IT%20L11.pdf)

1. The government should force you to pay higher taxes.


Criteria
violated______________________________________________________________
Rewritten
question___________________________________________________________

2. Why do you enjoy listening to music?

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Criteria
violated______________________________________________________________
Rewritten
question___________________________________________________________

3. Experts believe that all consumers should comparison shop. Do you agree?
Criteria
violated______________________________________________________________
Rewritten
question___________________________________________________________

4. How satisfied are you hearing music you like but you do not know the title
of?
Criteria
violated______________________________________________________________
Rewritten
question___________________________________________________________

5. The product is wonderful.


___ Strongly Agree___ Agree ___Disagree ___Strongly Disagree

ACTIVITY 4. Complete the statement below based on your learning from


the previous activities and discussion.
1. A _________________________is a research instrument consisting of a series
of questions for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.
2. The two major types of questionnaires are:_______________________and
____________________.
3. KISS means ______________________________.
4. By avoiding _____________________, your survey should run like a well-oiled
machine, your data will be more accurate, and your respondents will exit your
survey feeling great because they have shared honest and accurate feedback.
5. _______________________questions are questions written in a way that forces
the respondent into an answer that does not accurately reflect his or her
opinion or situation.

ACTIVITY 5. Choose only one of the given situations below then create
your own questionnaire. (Minimum of 5 questions)

1. You want to make a survey of how teenagers cope with the new normal. You
want to find out the prevalence of anxiety and depression for being not able to
go out with friends, attend parties, do hiking, and the like, as they use to do
before the pandemic.

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2. You want to make a survey on the preparedness of the learners on the new
education setting.
3. You are free to think of your own topic. Be sure to follow guidelines in
constructing your questions.

Reflection
Write your understanding of the lesson by completing the following to come up
with a statement.
1. I learned that…..
2. I realized that…..
3. I intend to……

References:

Mcleod, S. (n.d.). Questionnaire: Definition, Examples, Design and Types. Retrieved January
26, 2021, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html

Name, Y. (2020, December 31). The Best Survey Questions to Ask + Examples (2021 Guide).
Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://wpforms.com/survey-questions/

Pega, L. E., Pangilinan, R. A., & Songco, R. B. (n.d.). English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 5: Designing, Testing, and Revising Survey Questionnaires
[PDF]. Balanga City: Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan.

Survey Design Software. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from


http://www.surveysystem.com/sdesign.htm#goals

WRITING A SURVEY [PDF]. (n.d.). Pathways to Prosperity Network.

Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1
6. No
7. No
8. Yes
9. Yes
10. Yes

ACTIVITY 2
Answers may vary

ACTIVITY 3.
1. The government should force you to pay higher taxes.
Criteria violated: The word force is leading towards a certain answer.
Rewritten question: Should payers pay higher taxes?

2. Why do you enjoy listening to music?

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Criteria violated: This question assumes that all people enjoy listening to
music.
Rewritten question: Do you enjoy listening to music?

3. Experts believe that all consumers should comparison shop. Do you agree?
Criteria violated: The inclusion of the opinion of experts makes it seem that
one is dumb if he or she disagrees
Rewritten question: Consumers should comparison shop.

4. How satisfied are you hearing music you like but you do not know the title
of?
Criteria violated: It is not grammatically correct- it ends with a preposition
Rewritten question: How satisfied are you hearing music to which you do not
know the title?

5. The product is wonderful.


___ Strongly Agree___ Agree ___Disagree ___Strongly Disagree
Criteria violated: This is not a Likert scale question: A Likert Scale requires
numbers.
Rewritten question: The product is wonderful. Circle the number that
corresponds to your answer. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree

ACTIVITY 4.
1. Questionnaire
2. Open and closed question
3. Keep it simple
4. Absolutes
5. Loaded question

ACTIVITY 5.
Answers vary.

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LEARNER’S PACKET
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Key Stage IV

WEEK 5
Content The learner understands the principles and uses of surveys,
Standards experiments and scientific observations.
The learner produces an insightful statement of principles and
Performance
reasons for establishing a student organization, coming up with a
Standards
group exhibit of creative works, etc.

Most Learner’s Packets


Essential *Videos/
Pre- Learner’s
Learning Content LM page Visuals/
requisites Materials Manipulative
Competencies (LMs)
number Audio
(MELCs) Materials
Conducts
surveys,
experiments
or
observations Surveys,
Learner’s
Experiments
Activity
or
Sheets
Gathers Observations
(LAS)
information
from surveys,
experiments
or
observations

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LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner
Grade level and
Section
Date

Conducting Surveys, Experiments or Observations


(WEEK 5)
Learning Competencies
Conducts surveys, experiments or observations CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-8
Gathers information from surveys, experiments, or observations
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Iie-j-9

Learning Context

What’s the difference between a survey and a questionnaire?

Surveys versus questionnaires

A questionnaire is any written set of questions, while a survey is both the set of
questions and the process of collecting, aggregating, and analyzing the responses
from those questions.

The difference between survey and questionnaire is that the latter includes any
written set of questions; while the former is both the set of questions and the
process of collecting, aggregating, and analyzing the responses from those
questions. In other words, “questionnaire” describes content, while “survey” is a
broader term that describes content, method, and analysis.

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Ref. https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/survey-vs-
questionnaire/#:~:text=A%20questionnaire%20is%20any%20written,the%20respons
es%20from%20those%20questions.

Now that you have learned about the differences between a questionnaire and a
survey, let us focus on how you will conduct a survey and gather information from
it.

Constructing a Survey
1. Martha wants to construct a survey that shows which sports students at her
school like to play the most.
a) List the goal of the survey.
• The goal of the survey is to find the answer to the question: “Which sports do
students at Martha’s school like to play the most?”

b) What population sample should she interview?


• A sample of the population would include a random sample of the student
population in Martha’s school. A good strategy would be to randomly select
students (using dice or a random number generator) as they walk into an all-
school assembly.

c) How should she administer the survey?


• Face-to-face interviews are a good choice in this case. Interviews will be easy
to conduct since the survey consists of only one question which can be
quickly answered and recorded and asking the question face to face will help
eliminate non-response bias.

d) Create a data collection sheet that she can use to record her results.
• To collect the data to this simple survey Mary can design a data collection
sheet
such as the one below:

Sport Tally
Volleyball
Basketball
Soccer
Swimming
Table Tennis
Track and Field

This is a good, simple data collection sheet because:


➢ Plenty of space is left for the tally marks.
➢ Only one question is being asked.
➢ Many possibilities are included, but space is left at the bottom in case
students give answers that Martha did not think of.

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➢ The answer from each interviewee can be quickly collected and then the data
collector can move on to the next person.
➢ Once the data has been collected, suitable graphs can be made to display the
results.

Conducting surveys can be done very simply, or it can be very complicated,


depending on how much you want to ask on the survey and the number of people to
whom it is administered. Getting an answer out of everyone in your town or every
member of a particular group is nearly impossible. So how do you get an idea of
what these folks think? You use a survey.

WHAT ARE SURVEYS? A survey is a way of collecting information that you hope
represents the views of the whole community or group in which you are interested.

THERE ARE THREE MAIN WAYS OF GOING ABOUT THIS:

1. CASE STUDY SURVEYS, which collect information from a part of a group or


community, without trying to choose them for overall representation of the larger
population. You may need to conduct several of these before you get a sense of how
the larger community would respond to your survey. Case study surveys only
provide specific information about the community studied.

2. SAMPLED SURVEYS, ask a sample portion of a group to answer your questions.


If done well, the results for the sample will reflect the results you would have gotten
by surveying the entire group.
For example, let's say you want to know what percentage of people in your county
would make use of an adult literacy program. Getting every person in a county with
10,000 people to fill out a survey would be a huge task. Instead you decide to survey
a sample of 500 people and find out what they think. For the sample to accurately
represent the larger group, it must be carefully chosen.

3. CENSUS SURVEYS, in which you give your survey questionnaire to every


member of the population you want to learn about. This will give you the most
accurate information about the group, but it may not be very practical
for large groups.
A census is best done with smaller groups -- all of the clients of a particular agency,
for example, as opposed to all of the citizens of a city.

HOW TO CONDUCT A SURVEY

1. Ask yourself why you want to send it


The first thing you should do before writing a survey is to figure out why you’re
sending it out at all. What’s the point you’re trying to prove, or the question you’re
trying to answer? This will change the questions and question types you need to ask
in your survey.

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For example, let’s say you want to know what people think about milk. The first
thing you need to figure out is: why do you want to know what people think about
milk? Is it because you are a dairy farmer who wants to know how many new cows
to buy this year? Or is it because you are a drug company gauging the demand for a
medicine for lactose intolerant people? Or is it because you want to market your
new soymilk most effectively?

2. Pinpoint your target demographic


To pick the best way to design and distribute your survey, you should figure out
who you’ll be asking to fill it out. Decide who your target demographic is before you
make decisions about your survey. Have more than one demographic? You might
want more than one survey.

For example, as a toy company, the kind of questions that you pose (and the way
that you phrase them) to 7-year-old boys should be different from the ones you ask
40-year-old women—and the way you get kids to fill out a survey is different from
the way you would get moms to do so. If you want to know the opinions of 7-year old
boys AND moms, you’ll want to send out two separate surveys.

3. Identify the number of respondents you need


Once you’ve figured out who you’re asking, the next step in how to conduct a survey
is making sure you have enough people to ask your questions to! Figuring out the
number of people you need to have respond to your survey (known as “sample size”
in the survey world) will make sure that any analyses that you run on the data you
collect are a strong basis for good decisions. This “sample” of people needs to be big
enough to be an accurate estimate of your target demographic.

For example, if you’re asking American men how often they wear ties, enough
American men need to respond so that their answers represent what American men
think. So how many is enough? Well there are roughly 150 million men in the
United States, so to estimate a population of that size you’ll need 385 American
men. Not sure how big your population is? In general, we recommend a default
sample size of 400 people. (If you want to know more about the mathematical magic
behind these numbers, check out these tips on finding your sample size.)

4. Pick the right moment to conduct a survey.


When you choose to send out your survey can have a big impact on who ends up
responding. This can cost you money, as incorrect survey launch timing can
decrease the percentage of people who respond to your survey. Survey launch timing
can also change the answers you get—which can change the decisions you make.
Not sure exactly when the right people might be around? Collecting survey
responses for at least a week can make sure you’re pulling in a broad range of
people and opinions.

For example, surveys about designer dress rental services will likely yield a bigger
response in the days surrounding the Oscars than other times of the year. Or, if
you’re trying to reach an 18-21 years old who like to go out to nightclubs, sending a

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survey out on a Friday night is a bad idea as they’re likely to be out. Surveys can
also influence the answers you receive. Identical surveys sent out at 9 AM and 9 PM
about how tasty people think dumplings are is likely not only to be answered by
different people, but also is likely to yield different answers. Similarly, a survey
about how much someone wants to quit their job will yield different answers on a
Monday and a Friday.
https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/how-to-conduct-surveys/

5. Decide what method you will use to collect your survey data
Will your survey be written or oral? Is there going to be a number where people can
call to register their results? Are you going to have a post office box to which
completed surveys should be mailed? You need to decide whether it's going to be
administered by people known to the audience and whether it will be done in
person, by phone, or by mail. Remember that the more personal you make it, the
higher the return rate will be. Surveys that are delivered cold have a return rate of
only two to three percent, unless they're on a very hot topic for the community
you're surveying. Keep in mind whom you want to survey. Does your public feel
more comfortable writing or speaking? Will it be efficient to leave surveys somewhere
for people to pick up at their will, or should you do something to make sure they get
one? If your survey is to be administered orally, will people feel honored or annoyed
about being asked for their opinions?

Mailed questionnaires are a very useful tool in your information-gathering bag of


tools. It's a much cheaper alternative to other types of information gathering and it
allows you to get information from many people across long distances without
paying extremely high phone bills. If you're considering doing a mailed survey, be
sure to check with your local post office for information on mailing regulations, bulk
mail rates, and so on.

Advantages of mailed questionnaires


• The respondent can fill out the survey at his or her convenience -- it can be filled
out whenever the respondent has time.
• You can make it anonymous, which is much more comfortable for some
respondents.
• All respondents will have read the same questions, eliminating any interviewer
bias.
• The respondent will have time to check his or her records before answering - - if he
or she needs to verify information, he or she will have the chance to be accurate.

Disadvantages of mailed questionnaires


• They're not very flexible; there is no interviewer present to probe for answers, so
you can only read what the respondent has written, with no opportunity to look at
facial expressions or body language.
• The return rate is generally low
• Respondents may leave answers blank
• You can't control when respondents will send the survey back
• You may not be able to tell the difference between those who simply didn't return
the survey and those for whom you had an incorrect address.

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How long should your survey be?

When determining the length of your survey, remember that less is more. The longer
it is, the less likely it is that people will take the time to do it. People get bored with
long surveys, and usually won't even bother to look at a survey that is more than a
page and a half long. Also, requiring long answers may lose your audience. Through
editing and condensing, you should try to keep your survey down to one page. What
it is you want to know and the method of survey (e.g., phone survey, mailed
survey) will also influence the length of your survey. Phone surveys, for example,
can take a little longer to complete. Once you've decided on your method, you can go
on to write your questions.

6. Write your Questions.


When preparing the questions, bear in mind that they can take many forms.
Questions might be:
• Open-ended: Designed to prompt the respondent to provide you with more than
just one- or two-word responses. These are often "how" or "why" questions.

For example: "Why is it important to use technology in teaching?" These questions


are used when you want to find out what leads people to specific behaviors, what
their attitudes are towards different things, or how much they know about a given
topic; they provide good anecdotal evidence. The drawback to using open-ended
questions is that it's hard to compile their results.

• Closed-ended (also sometimes referred to as forced choice questions): Specific


questions that prompt yes or no answers

For example: "Do you use technology in teaching?" These are used when the
information you need is fairly clear-cut, i.e., if you need to know whether people use
a particular service or have ever heard of a specific local resource.

• Multiple choice: Allow the respondent to select one answer from a few possible
choices.
For example: "When I teach, I use technology... a) every time, b) most times, c)
sometimes, d) rarely, e) never." These allow you to find out more detailed
information than closed-ended questions, and the results can be compiled more
easily than open-ended questions.

Likert scale: Each respondent is asked to rate items on a response scale. For
instance, they could rate each item on a 1-to-5 response scale where:
1 = strongly disagree 2 = disagree 3 = undecided 4 = agree 5 = strongly
Agree

If you want to weed out neutral and undecided responses, you can use an even
numbered scale with no middle "neutral" or "undecided" choice. In this situation,
the respondent is forced to decide whether he or she leans more towards the "agree"

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or "disagree" end of the scale for each item. The final score for the respondent on the
scale might be the sum of his or her ratings for all of the items.

Example: Using the Likert scale


Here are a few sample survey questions in Likert scale format, done without a
neutral category:
Please check the answer indicating your reaction to the questions listed below.
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
• Violent crime is a significant problem in my neighborhood
• The police have done enough to prevent crime in my neighborhood.
• If a citizens watch program were implemented in my neighborhood, I would
participate in it.
• I would be supportive of organized activities for youth in my neighborhood.

GUIDELINES FOR WRITING YOUR SURVEY QUESTIONS


• Place easier questions first
• Address sensitive issues as discreetly and sensitively as possible
• Avoid words that provoke bias or emotional responses
• Use a logical order and place similar questions together

HOW DO YOU DISTRIBUTE YOUR SURVEY?

Self-administered questionnaires are better than interviews when you're dealing


with respondents who can read and write and the questions, you're asking don't
require any visual aids like charts, graphs, etc. that might need
explanation.

• Phone surveys work well in the place of self-administered questionnaires if at


least 80% of the population you're working with have phones in their homes. They
also work better if the questions are of a nature that respondents might be
uncomfortable or embarrassed to give their answers to an interviewer.

DIRECT MAIL
Direct mailing your survey to people whose addresses are known is the most
common strategy. Distributing a survey by mail has a high percentage of non-
responders (you're lucky if 30% respond, although it tends to be higher in small
communities), but it's a lot easier than many other methods and takes less staff
hours.

INTERVIEWS AND PHONE SURVEYS


For those who have difficulty reading or using printed materials, or for surveys that
require more in-depth answers, interviews might be the most appropriate thing for
you to do.

DROP BOXES

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Agencies that have relatively frequent contact with clients -- such as once a month -
- you may find that setting up a drop box in their offices are a good source point for
distributing surveys. This may also be a good option for agencies that have an
incomplete mailing list. It can also be a good way to contact clients of other agencies
who have little contact with your group or agency. However, if you use this method
of distributing surveys, consider using it along with at least one other method of
distribution, because only those already using the services can respond.

MEDIA DISTRIBUTION
For general distribution, publishing a survey in the local paper or attaching a survey
to your newsletter might be a good idea.

CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
Taking surveys in a public place -- setting up a booth or table in the parking lot at a
local discount store, on the sidewalk in the shopping district, etc. -- provides an
opportunity to get some exposure for your organization.

C O L L E C T I N G T H E S U R V E Y. Soon after the surveys are distributed,


some of them will begin to arrive at the sponsoring organization. Here are the steps
you should take to collect your surveys:
• Gather incoming surveys collected at participating sites. A representative of
your organization should collect incoming surveys as they arrive in the mail
or your drop box. He or she should also call or stop by collection sites from
time to time to pick up any surveys that have been dropped off.
• Review returned surveys, checking for any that are incomplete. If any surveys
were returned for having an improper mailing address, try to find the correct
address and mail it out again, if you can.
• Secure a larger return, if necessary. This may mean distributing surveys
again or expanding your sample size.

H OW DO YOU ANALYZE AND COMPILE THE RESULTS OF YOUR SURVEY?

Now that you've gathered the completed surveys, you'll need to figure out the
results. Sometimes all you have to do is tabulate the results -- that is, add them
up and display in a table.

For instance, if 100 questionnaires were returned in a survey about problems in


the neighborhood, you just need to count the answers. Let's say that there was a
question asking what people felt was the biggest challenge facing the neighborhood;
70 people mentioned law enforcement, 10 cited transportation, 15 marked potholes,
and 5 said noise. The result in cases like this is clear.

However, analysis can be far more complicated than that. If you're looking, for
instance, at how people feel about a service or problem, you may end up with a lot
of answers to open-ended questions that are apparently unrelated. In this case, you
will need to try to find patterns. Once you've done that, what do these numbers

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mean? Well, you will need to look at the overall survey to see how each percentage
compares to the others.

For example, what questions had the highest proportions of similar responses?

Write up a brief report -- one page is sufficient – summarizing the results of the
survey. In your report, look for any patterns -- do people in a particular part of town
feel more strongly about a particular issue than those in other areas?
Share this information with your staff. Get their feedback and discuss whether any
further surveying needs to be done before completing.

ACTIVITY 1. Arrange in proper order the steps in a Survey Process. Number the steps
from 1 to 12.

_____Clarify the purpose.


_____Verify the resources.
_____Formulate survey goals.
_____Perform the sampling.
_____Write the questionnaire.
_____Choose a survey method.
_____Administer the questionnaire.
_____Process and store data.
_____Pilot test and revise or change the questionnaire.
_____Report the survey results.
_____Analyze and interpret the survey results.
_____Make a conclusion.

ACTIVITY 2. Explain what you are going to do in each of the steps in the
simplified SURVEY PROCESS.
1. Decide on the purpose of the survey.
2. Decide whom you will survey.
3. Decide what method you will use to collect your survey data.
4. Write your questions.
5. Decide on the method you will use to distribute your survey.
6. Collect the surveys.
7. Analyze and compile the results of your survey

ACTIVITY 3.
Directions:
1. Conduct a survey following the process discussed previously. Design your own
questionnaire then send to your chosen respondents.
2. Submit the questionnaire to your teacher in handwritten format for those who
belong to printed modular or thru emails or any digital platform you have access
with.

Below is an example of an email to respondents. This can also be used as a letter to


inform your respondents about the survey. You just have to modify if it is not for

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email. This is not the exact content, but this might give you an idea of how you are
going to give prenotice letter or email to your respondents.

Prenotice letter Subject:

Important Survey Coming Soon [Insert date] -write your own purpose of
survey here

Dear [insert position or name]:

We are the Financial Management students of Notre Dame of Dadiangas University


who are enrolled in Business Management Research (BMR). Presently, we are
conducting a study entitled “The Effects of Climate Change in Coconut Plantations
in General Santos City”.

In this regard, we are asking for your precious time, and effort to answer all the
questions in the questionnaire which is vital and helpful for the completion of our
study. Rest assured that all data gathered from you will be kept in the highest level
of confidentiality. Your positive response in this request will be valuable
contribution for the success of the study and will highly be appreciated.

Best regards, [Insert signature]


[Insert name, affiliation, and contact information]

3. Distribute a prenotice letter to your respondents. This should also be submitted


to your teacher to let him/her know you have followed survey protocols. Then
distribute your questionnaire.

4. Choose a method of how you will gather the information from the previous
discussions.

ACTIVITY 4.
After completing your survey, assess your work using this rubric.

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Reflection

Write your understanding of the lesson by completing the following to come up with
a statement.

1. I learned that…..

2. I realized that…..

3. I intend to……

References:

IRubric: Conducting a Survey and Graphing Results rubric. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26,
2021, from https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=A42863&sp=yes&

Learn How to Conduct a Survey. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/how-to-conduct-surveys/

Letter to the Respondents - Letter to the Respondents Dear Respondents Greetings We are the
Financial Management students of Notre Dame of Dadiangas: Course Hero. (2017,
March 09). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.coursehero.com/file/20935285/Letter-to-the-Respondents/

Pega, L. E., Pangilinan, R. A., & Songco, R. B. (n.d.). English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 6 Gathering Information from Surveys, Experiments, or

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Observations [PDF]. Balanga City: Department of Education – Schools Division of


Bataan.

S, S. (2017, August 19). Difference Between Survey and Questionnaire (with Comparison
Chart. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://keydifferences.com/difference-
between-survey-and-questionnaire.html

Survey vs Questionnaire: Vive La Différence. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.typeform.com/surveys/survey-vs-questionnaire-differences/

Survey vs Questionnaire: What's the difference? (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/survey-vs-questionnaire

Walston, J., Redford, J., & Bhatt, M. P. (2017). Workshop on Survey Methods in Education
Research: Facilitator’s guide and resources (REL 2017–214). Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education
Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest.
Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs.
ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 1
1 Clarify the purpose.
3 Verify the resources.
2 Formulate survey goals.
5 Perform the sampling.
6 Write the questionnaire.
4 Choose a survey method.
8 Administer the questionnaire.
9 Process and store data.
7 Pilot test and revise or change the questionnaire.
12 Report the survey results.
10 Analyze and interpret the survey results.
11 Make a conclusion

ACTIVITY 2
Answers vary
ACTIVITY 3
Answers vary
ACTIVITY 4
Answers vary

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LEARNER’S PACKET
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Key Stage IV
WEEK 6
Content The learner understands the principles and uses of surveys,
Standards experiments and scientific observations.
The learner produces an insightful statement of principles and
Performance
reasons for establishing a student organization, coming up with a
Standards
group exhibit of creative works, etc.

Most Essential Learner’s Packets


Learning Pre- *Videos/
Learner’s
Content LM page Visuals/
Competencies requisites Materials Manipulative
number Audio
(MELCs) (LMs)
Materials
Summarizes
findings and
Learner’s
execute the Non-Prose
Activity
report through Text
Sheets
narrative and
(LAS)
visual graphic
form

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)


ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner
Grade level and
Section
Date

NON-PROSE TEXTS
(WEEK 6)
Learning Competencies
Summarizes findings and execute the report through narrative and visual
graphic form CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-11

Now you have the findings/information from the survey, experiment or observation
that you have completed. It is now the time to summarize these findings and
execute the report through narrative and visual/graphic forms or
non-prose texts.

What are non-prose texts?

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NON- PROSE TEXTS – consists of disconnected words and numbers instead of the
sentences and paragraphs

• The information we get from books is not only presented in sentences but
also in graphic forms like charts, maps and tables.

Uses of non-prose materials are:

1. Present data in an organized and systematic way.


2. Allow the reader to absorb the information fast and efficiently.
3. Explain abstract concepts, processes, relationships in a concrete manner
4. Provide only the useful and relevant data

Non-prose texts such as tables, figures or charts are used in presenting a survey
result that will be useful for the readers. These can make can make your content
more engaging, more memorable, and easier to understand.
https://www.slideshare.net/RhodoraCaballero/reading-non-prose-
texts#:~:text=Reading%20Non%2DProse%20Text%20Non,may%20be%20difficult%20to
%20understand.

EXAMPLES OF NON-PROSE TEXTS

1. BAR GRAPH - A bar graph is a chart that graphically represents the comparison
between categories of data. It displays grouped data by way of parallel rectangular
bars of equal width but varying the length. Each rectangular block indicates specific
category and the length of the bars depends on the values they hold. The bars in a
bar graph are presented in such a way that they do not touch each other, to indicate
elements as separate entities

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2. HISTOGRAM - A histogram is a graphical representation that organizes a


group of data points into user-specified ranges. It is similar in appearance to a bar
graph. The histogram condenses a data series into an easily interpreted visual by
taking many data points and grouping them into logical ranges or bins.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/histogram.asp

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3. PICTOGRAPH- A pictograph is the representation of data using images.


Pictographs represent the frequency of data while using symbols or images that are
relevant to the data. This is one of the simplest ways to represent statistical data.
And reading a pictograph is made extremely easy as well. The best way to explain a
pictograph is through an example.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/data-handling/pictographs/

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4. LINE GRAPH - Used to display comparisons between 2 variables, line


graphs involve an x-axis horizontally and a y-axis vertically on a grid. Dot-
connected and grid-plotted lines are what comprise a
line graph. These lines monitor and compare various data sets. Usually, the
x-axis represents time measurements while the y-axis is a representative of
measure or percentage of quantity. For this
reason, a line graph is used often for tracking variables of one or more
subjects in time.

5. PIEGRAPH - Sometimes called a circle graph, pie charts represent the parts of a
whole. Each ‘section’ or ‘slice of the pie is a data percentage. From biggest to
smallest, segments are arranged in a clockwise formation. This way, the pie chart
features easy-to compare subjects presented in a neat, easy-to-understand way

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6. TABLES - A table is an arrangement of data in rows and columns, or


possibly in a more complex structure. Tables are widely used in
communication, research, and data analysis. Tables appear in print media,
handwritten notes, computer software, architectural ornamentation, traffic
signs, and many other places.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(information)#:~:text=A%20table%20is%20an%
20arrangement,signs%2C%20and%20many%20other%20places.

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PRESENTING SURVEY RESULT USING NON-PROSE TEXTS

Example A: Martha conducted a survey that shows which sports students in her
school like to play the most. She interviewed 112 students and obtained the
following results.

(1) Make a bar graph of the results showing the percentage of the
students in each category.

To make a bar graph, list the sport categories on the x−axis and let the percentage
of students be represented by the y−axis. To find the percentage of students in each
category, divide the number of students in each category by the total number of
students surveyed:

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Now make a graph where the height of each bar represents the percentage of
students in each category:

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(2) Make a pie chart of the collected information, showing the percentage of students
in each category.

To make a pie chart, find the percentage of the students in each category by dividing
the number of students in each category as in part a. The central angle of each slice
of the pie is found by multiplying the percentage of students in each category by 360
degrees (the total number of degrees in a circle). To draw a pie chart by hand, you
can use a protractor to measure the central angles that you find for each category.

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Here is the pie-chart that represents the percentage of students in each


category:

EXAMPLE B.

In the second example Raul found that that 30% of the students at his school are in
9th grade, 26% of the students are in the 10th grade, 24% of the students are in
11th grade and 20% of the students are in the 12th grade. He surveyed a total of 60
students using these proportions as a guide for the number of students he
interviewed from each grade. Raul recorded the following data:

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Example C: Class advisers in your school conducted a survey on the distance


learning modality that Senior High School enrollees prefer this school year. They
were able to gather the data using interview and surveys via messenger, phone calls
and text messages. The result of the data gathered from 61 respondents was
presented in a table.

MODALITY Grade 11 Grade 12 Total


Modular Print 4 12 16
Modular Digital 38 6 44
Online 0 1 1
Radio 0 0 0
Television 0 0 0
Blended DL 0 0 0
Total 42 19 61

ACTIVITY 1.

1. Samuel conducted a survey to answer the following question: “What Is the


favorite kind of pie of the people living in my town?” By standing in front of his
grocery store, he collected the following information on his data collection sheet:
Make a pie chart of the results.

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ACTIVITY 2.

1. Jonas conducted a survey on the total amount of transportation allowance of all


the students in his Grade 11 class for the ten months of the school year. He
gathered the following data. Make a line graph of the results.

ACTIVITY 3

1. Melinda conducted a survey to answer the question “What sport do junior


high school students like to watch on TV the most?” She collected the
following information on her data collection sheet. Make a bar graph of the
results.

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ACTIVITY 4.

Complete the statement below based on your learning from the previous activities
and discussion.
1. _______________ texts consist of disconnected words and numbers
instead of the sentences and paragraphs.
2. _______________ is a type of bar chart that is used to represent statistical
information by way of bars to show the frequency distribution of continuous data.
3. Tables are used to present a great deal of _____________________________ in a very
clear and concise way, with very minimal space to occupy.
4. Non-prose materials provide only the useful and ____________________ data.
5. A pie chart represents the _____________ of each category.

ACTIVITY 5.
Conduct a survey and gather answer to the following questions:

(1) What hobbies have you enhanced or developed in the seven months of lockdown
due to the pandemic?
(2) What attitude will help the youth like you to avoid depression due to the crisis
brought by the pandemic?

Then, present the result in any of the non-prose materials

Reflection
Write your understanding of the lesson by completing the following to come up with
a statement.
1. I learned that…..
2. I realized that…..
3. I intend to……

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References:

Caballero, R. (2015, January 11). Reading non prose texts. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.slideshare.net/RhodoraCaballero/reading-non-prose-
texts#:~:text=Reading%20Non%2DProse%20Text%20Non,may%20be%20difficult%20to
%20understand.

Chen, J. (2021, January 19). Histogram Definition. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/histogram.asp

Enopia, L. J., Pangilinan, R. A., & R. (n.d.). English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Summarizing Findings and Executing the Report through Narrative
and Visual/Graphic Forms [PDF]. Balanga City: Department of Education – Schools
Division of Bataan.

Pictographs. (2020, March 03). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(information)#:~:text=A%20table%20is%20an%20
arrangement,signs%2C%20 https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/data-
handling/pictographs

Pictographs: Meaning, How to make a Pictograph, Solved Examples. (2020, April 27).
Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/data-
handling/pictographs/

Table (information). (2021, January 22). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(information)#:~:text=A%20table%20is%20an%20
arrangement,signs%2C%20and%20many%20other%20places

ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 1
Answers Vary

ACTIVITY 2
Answers vary

ACTIVITY 3
Answers vary

ACTIVITY 4
1. Non-prose text
2. Histogram
3. Numerical information
4. relevant
5. percentage

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LEARNER’S PACKET
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Key Stage IV

WEEK 7-8
Content The learner understands the principles and uses of surveys,
Standards experiments and scientific observations.
Performance The learner produces a well-written report for various
Standards disciplines.

Most Learner’s Packets


Essential
Pre- Learner’s LM
Learning Content *Videos/ Visuals/ Audio Activity
requisites Materials page
Competencies (LMs) number
Materials Sheet
(MELCs)
Writes Writing
Learner’s
Survey
various Activity
Reports
reports Sheets
(LAS)

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)


ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner
Grade level and
Section
Date

WRITING SURVEY REPORTS


(WEEKS 7-8)
Learning Competencies
Writes various reports. CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-12
LESSON
Once you have finished conducting a survey all that is left to do is write the survey
report.

A survey report describes a survey, its results, and any patterns or trends found in
the survey. Most survey reports follow a standard organization, broken up under
certain headings. Each section has a specific purpose. It presents and analyses the
results /findings of research (information gathered from door-to-door
surveys/questionnaires) concerning reactions to a product, plan, etc., including
general assessment, conclusions and suggestions or recommendation(s).
The information presented may have been gathered in a survey/opinion poll or
compiled from official statistical data, and may reflect the opinions/preferences, etc
of the general public, a particular group of people, a random sample of the population,

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etc.

The information may be presented in the form of


facts (numbers, percentages and proportions), or
generalizations (This indicates/suggests/implies that…)

* Use expressions such as: one in ten, two out of five, twenty percent of the people
questioned, a large proportion, etc. as well as verbs such as: agree, claim, state
* Present tenses are normally used to present generalisations.

USEFUL LANGUAGE TO BEGIN REPORTS


✓ The purpose/aim/intention of this report is to examine/assess/evaluate the
results of a survey in which…. people/residents/viewers were asked
about/whether/what….
✓ This report outlines the results of a survey conducted/carried out to
determine/discover the reaction/popularity/attitudes/opinion of….
✓ As requested, this survey report was gathered/obtained by means of a
questionnaire/a telephone survey/door-to-door interviews… he information
below summarizes statistics compiled by…

USEFUL LANGUAGE TO END REPORTS


✓ To conclude/ to sum up/ In conclusion, the survey clearly shows….
✓ On the basis of these findings, it would seem that……
✓ The results of this survey suggest/indicate/demonstrate/reveal that…

MORE USEFUL LANGUAGE: TO EXPRESS FACTS AND PROPORTIONS


✓ Of the 460 people/students/workers who, etc., were
questioned/interviewed/asked…
✓ 10/50% of people/consumers, etc. were of the opinion…
✓ The majority/minority of viewers felt/believed that...
✓ A significant percentage of those who responded expressed (dis)approval of...
✓ A large/small proportion of people surveyed replied/reported that…
✓ Over one third/half of those interviewed chose/preferred…

HOW TO WRITE A SURVEY REPORT


Part1. Writing the Summary and Background Information
1. Break the report up into separate sections with headings. Survey reports
usually use headings for each section. While there may be slight differences between
reports, the headings are typically the same. The standard headings for a report are:
• Title Page

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• Table of Contents
• Executive Summary
• Background and Objectives
• Methodology
• Results
• Conclusion and Recommendations
• Appendices
2. Write a 1-2 page executive summary paraphrasing the report. This comes at
the very beginning of the report, after the table of contents. An executive summary
condenses the main points of the report into a few pages. It should include:
• Methodology of the survey.
• Key results of the survey.
• Conclusions drawn from the results of the survey.
• Recommendations based on the results of the survey.
3. State the objectives of the survey in the background section. Start the section
by saying why the survey was conducted. Explain the hypothesis and goals of the
survey. You usually don't need to write more than a page. Make sure to identify the:
4. Provide background information by explaining similar research and
studies. This research can help you determine if your survey results support
current beliefs on the topic or disagree with them. Write 2 or more pages explaining
the issue and how other researchers have approached it.

Part 2. Explaining the Method and Results


1. Explain how the study was conducted in the methodology section. This section
helps readers understand how the survey was conducted. It comes after the
background and objectives section. Depending on the complexity of your study, this
section may be several pages long. Some things you should cover in this section
include:
• Who did you ask? How can you define the gender, age, and other characteristics
of these groups?
• Did you do the survey over email, telephone, website, or 1-on-1 interviews?
• Were participants randomly chosen or selected for a certain reason?
• How large was the sample size? In other words, how many people answered the
results of the survey?
• Were participants offered anything in exchange for filling out the survey?
2. Describe what type of questions were asked in the methodology
section. Some common types of questions include multiple choice, interviews, and
rating scales (called Likert scales). Describe the general theme of the questions
here, providing a few examples of questions.
3. Report the results of the survey in a separate section. Once you have
detailed the methodology of the survey in full, start a new section that shows the
results of the survey. This section is usually several pages long. If needed, break
up some of your results into bullets to make them easier to read.

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4. Point out any interesting trends in the results section. You probably have a
large amount of data. To help your readers understand the significance of your survey,
highlight the interesting patterns, trends, or observations.
Part 3. Analyzing Your Results

1. State the implications of your survey at the beginning of the conclusion. At


the beginning of this section, write a paragraph that summarizes the key takeaway
points of your survey. Ask yourself what should readers learn from this survey?
2. State the implications of your survey at the beginning of the conclusion. At
the beginning of this section, write a paragraph that summarizes the key takeaway
points of your survey. Ask yourself what should readers learn from this survey?
3. Include graphs, charts, surveys, and testimonies in the appendices. The first
appendix (Appendix A) should always be the survey questionnaire itself. Copy and
paste the entire survey into this section. If you want, add appendices showing your
statistical data, interview results, graphs of the data, and a glossary of technical
terms.

Part 4. Polishing Your Report


1. Add a title page and table of contents to the first 2 pages. These should come
at the front of the report. The first page should state the title of the report, your name,
and your institution. The second page should be a table of contents.
2. Cite your research according to the style required for the survey
report. Typically, you will cite information using in-text parenthetical citations. Put
the name of the author and other information, such as the page number or year of
publication, in parentheses at the end of a sentence.
3. Adopt a clear, objective voice throughout the paper.Remember that your job is
to report the results of the survey. Try not to cast judgment on the participants or the
survey results. If you would like to make recommendations, only do so in the last
section of the paper.
4. Write in concise, simple sentences. State the information in the simplest way
possible. Avoid flowery or complicated language. Since some surveys can be very
complex, a simple writing style will help your readers understand your results.
5. Revise your paper thoroughly before submitting. Make sure that there are no
grammatical errors, misspellings, or other typos in the paper. Before submitting the
report to your boss or professor, check that the formatting is correct.

ACTIVITY 1
__________1. This is the window into the report. It should be short, relevant
and interesting.
a. Methodology b. title page c. results
__________2. This is the main body of the report containing details of the survey
results.
a. results b. conclusion c. title page

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__________3. This section provides the reader with context to understand the
background to the survey and the reasons for which the research has been
conducted.
a. Appendices b. background & objectives c. title page
__________4. This commonly contain a glossary of technical terms and a list of
figures and graphs.
a. Appendices b. background & objectives c. title page
__________5. This states the implications of your survey.
a. Results b. table of contents c. conclusion

ACTIVITY 2
Study the given chart then write five statements using the given
data.

Source: https://vizzlo.com/gallery/100percent-stacked-bar-chart/example/where-should-covid-19-vaccine-be-made-available-first

Statement 1:
Statement 2:
Statement 3:
Statement 4:
Statement 5:

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ACTIVITY 3

A. Conduct a survey to your friends and families using the same concept
(question and options) from Activity 2, an additional question is also provided.
“Where should Covid 19 be made available first?”
◼ My Country
◼ Worldwide
◼ Most affected countries
“Who should get vaccinated first?”
◼ Medical frontliners
◼ Government officials
◼ Elders
◼ Minors
◼ Others: pls. specify (________)

Note: This survey is intended for EAPP lesson purposes only.

*Profile of your respondents must be included such as age, gender, civil


status,
*Use 20-30 respondents.

B. Create a survey report using the gathered data. Make sure to follow the
steps in making a survey report. A rubric is provided for the scores.

Scoring Rubric (If necessary)

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Source: Microsoft Word - Survey Report Rubric.docx (weebly.com)


Reflection
Write your understanding of the lesson by completing the following to come up with
a statement.
7. I learned that…..
8. I realized that…..
9. I intend to……

References:

Blog, F. (2020, June 04). How to Create a Survey Report in 5 Steps. Retrieved January 26,
2021, from https://www.formpl.us/blog/survey-report

Enopia, L. J., Pangilinan, R. A., & Songco, R. B. (n.d.). English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 8: Write Various Reports on Surveys [PDF]. Balanga City:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan.

Gómez, E. (2010, April 13). Writing a survey report. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.slideshare.net/Elenag77/writing-a-survey-report

Moh'd, S. (2010). HOW TO WRITE SURVEY REPORT 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2021,
from https://www.academia.edu/5444621/HOW_TO_WRITE_SURVEY_REPORT_2010

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Report Writing Format - grammar.yourdictionary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021,


from https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/style-and-usage/report-writing-
format.html

Survey Report Rubric - Weebly. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
http://mrtrenfield.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/6/1/58616339/survey_report_rubric.pdf

WikiHow. (2019, July 10). How to Write a Survey Report. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Survey-Report

Writing skills practice: Writing about survey results – exercises [PDF]. (2012). England: The
British Council.
Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
ACTIVITY 2
(answers vary, 2 points each item)
ACTIVITY 3
(answers vary, a rubric is provided)

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education –
Schools Division of San Pablo City

Rizal Avenue, San Pablo City

Contact details: (049) – 562 7216 * (049) – 503 5960

Email Address: [email protected]


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