Preliminary 2023 First Semester Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines

is a publication prepared by the Poverty and Human Development Statistics Division

of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).
For technical inquiries, please contact us at: (632) 8376-1991 or email us at [email protected].

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Published by the
Philippine Statistics Authority
PSA CVEA Building
East Avenue, Diliman
Quezon City
Philippines

22 December 2023

Preliminary 2023 First Semester Official Poverty Statistics of the

Philippines
is available in electronic formats
FIRST SEMESTER
(Excel/PDF). 2021
For details, please contact us at (632) 8376-1991 or at [email protected].
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Foreword
II. Highlights of the 2023 First Semester Poverty Statistics i

III. Figure
Cluster of Provinces Based on 2023 First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families ix
IV. Tables:

1. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among 1
Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and
2023
1a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among 5
Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province, and Highly Urbanized
Cities:2018, 2021, and 2023
2. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among 9
Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province:
2018, 2021, and 2023
2a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among 13
Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized
Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023
3. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among 17
Families
with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
3a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among 21
Families
with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province, and Highly Urbanized Cities:
2018, 2021, and 2023
4. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among 25
Population
with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
4a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among 29
Population
with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province, and Highly Urbanized Cities:
2018, 2021, and 2023
5. Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 33
2018, 2021, and 2023
5a. Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and 37
Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023
6. Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and 41
Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

6a. Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province, 45

and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023
7. Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region 49
and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
7a. Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, 53
Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023
8. Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region 57
and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
8a. Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, 61
Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023
9. Distribution of the Coefficients of Variation (CVs) of the Poverty Incidence Among 65
Families: 2018, 2021, and 2023
10. Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 67
2018, 2021, and 2023
10a. Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province and 71
Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

11. Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 75

2018, 2021, and 2023
11a. Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and 79
Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023
12. Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 83
2018, 2021, and 2023
12a. Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and 87
Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023
13. Poverty Incidence among Families and Population in Luzon, Visayas and 91
Mindanao: 2018, 2021, and 2023
14. Subsistence Incidence among Families and Population in Luzon, Visayas and 92
Mindanao: 2018, 2021, and 2023
15. Clustering of Provinces based on 2021 Full Year Poverty Incidence among 93
Families, by Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
16. First Semester Per Capita Food and Poverty Threshold, by Province and 96
Urban/Rural Classification: 2018, 2021, and 2023

V. Glossary of Terms 100

VI. Technical Notes on the Official Poverty Estimation Methodology 101

VII. The Philippine Statistics Authority Officials and Staff 107

FOREWORD

The Preliminary 2023 First Semester Official Poverty Statistics presents the official
poverty statistics for the first semester of2023. These estimates are based on the first
visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) with January to
June2023 as reference period and conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority
(PSA) in July 2023. Additionally, this report includes back estimates for 2018 and
2021 First Semester Official Poverty Statistics.

The 2023 First Semester Official Poverty Statistics provides poverty estimates at the
national, regional, provincial, and highly urbanized city levels. These estimates were
generated using the methodology for the estimation of the official poverty statistics,
which utilizes income data from the FIES. This methodology was approved through
PSA Board Resolution No. 1, Series of2017 -171 (NSCB Resolution No. 09, Series
of2011).

This publication contains statistical tables presenting key poverty data for the first
semesters of 2018, 2021, and 2023. These include food and poverty thresholds,
subsistence and poverty incidences among families and the population, and other
valuable poverty indicators such as income gap, poverty gap, and severity of poverty.

The PSA extends its sincere gratitude to individuals and organizations involved in the
first visit of the2023 FIES, particularly the thousands of respondents who contributed
their time, effort, and valuable information, enabling the survey's successful
completion.

The release of the2023 First Semester Official Poverty Statistics within six months of
the reference period signifies a significant advancement in promoting more timely
statistics. It is hoped that this report will prove beneficial to the public, particularly
researchers, and policy and program makers, in further developing and enhancing
poverty reduction strategies.

CLAIRE DENNIS S. MAPA, PhD

Undersecretary
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General
Highlights of the 2023 First Semester Official Poverty Statistics

A. National

1. Incidences and Magnitude

Based on the preliminary results of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey
(FIES) Visit 1 conducted in July 2023, poverty incidence among families or the
proportion of Filipino families with incomes that are not sufficient to buy their
minimum basic food and non-food needs or the poverty incidence among families
in the first semester of 2023 was estimated at 16.4 percent. Among individuals, the
poverty incidence was estimated at 22.4 percent or 25.24 million poor Filipinos in
the first semester of 2023.
Meanwhile, subsistence incidence or the proportion of Filipino families whose
incomes are not sufficient to meet the basic food needs in the first semester of
2023 stood at about 6 for every 100 families. Among individuals, about 9 in 100
Filipinos lived below the food thresholds in the first semester of 2023.

Table 1. Food and Poverty Thresholds, Incidences and Magnitude of Poor

and Food Poor: First Semester 2018, 2021 and 2023
First Semester Estimate Coefficient of Variation
Statistics
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Monthly Poverty 10,532 12,082 13,797
Threshold for a
Family of Five (PhP)
Poverty Incidence or Proportion of Poor (%)
Among Families1/,2/ 16.2 18.0 16.4 1.1 1.2 2.2
Among Population1/,2/ 21.1 23.7 22.4 1.1 1.1 1.9
Magnitude of Poor (in million)
Among Families1/ 4.04 4.74 4.51 1.2 1.3 2.8
Among Population1/ 22.26 26.14 25.24 1.2 1.3 2.5
Monthly Food 7,374 8,393 9,550
Threshold for a
Family of Five (PhP)
Subsistence Incidence or Proportion of Food Poor (%)
Among Families1/,2/ 6.2 7.1 5.9 1.8 1.8 4.7
Among Population1/,2/ 8.5 9.9 8.7 1.7 1.8 4.0
First Semester Estimate Coefficient of Variation
Statistics
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Magnitude of Food Poor (in million)
Among Families1/,2/ 1.55 1.87 1.62 1.8 1.9 5.3
Among Population 1/,2/ 9.03 10.94 9.79 1.8 1.9 4.6
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Notes: 1/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2018 to 2021 is significant.
2/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2021 to 2023 is significant.

2. Thresholds and Income

On the average, a family with five members will need at least PhP13,797 per month
to meet their minimum basic food and non-food needs in the first semester of 2023.
This amount, which is also referred to as the poverty threshold, was higher by
14.2 percent from the estimated PhP 12,082 monthly poverty threshold for a family
of five in the first semester of 2021. On the other hand, to meet their minimum basic
food needs in the first semester of 2023, a family with five members will need at
least PhP 9,550 per month. This was higher than the food threshold in the first
semester of 2021, which is estimated at PhP8,393.
It is to be noted that income collected in the FIES refers to various sources, such
as wages and salaries, entrepreneurial activities and other sources of income. The
other sources of income, include net share, cash receipts from abroad and from
domestic source, rentals received, interest, pension, dividends, net receipts, those
received as gifts (in cash or in kind), and imputed rent.
In the first semester of 2023, the average per capita income increased by 12.8
percent from 2021 to 2023, faster than the growth from the first semester of 2018
to 2021 of 4.5 percent. It may also be noted that the mean per capita income of
families in the first and second income decile class increased by 21.4 and 19.4
percent, respectively. These families are the ones near the poverty threshold.
Hence, despite the 14.1 percent increase in the prices as reflected in the poverty
threshold, a 1.6 percent reduction in the poverty incidence was observed.
Table 2. Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Mean Per Capita Income: First
Semester 2018, 2021 and 2023
First Semester Estimate Increase/Decrease (%)
Indicators
2018 2021 2023 2018-2021 2021-2023

Poverty Incidence (%) 16.2 18.0 16.4 1.8 -1.6

First Semester Per 12,638 14,498 16,557 14.7 14.2

Capita Poverty Threshold
(PhP)

Mean Per Capita Income 34,093 35,628 40,202 4.5 12.8

(PhP)

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First Semester Estimate Increase/Decrease (%)
Indicators
2018 2021 2023 2018-2021 2021-2023

First Decile 7,604 8,318 10,098 9.4 21.4

Second Decile 12,048 13,224 15,783 9.8 19.4

Third Decile 15,416 17,022 20,141 10.4 18.3

Fourth Decile 19,014 20,945 24,686 10.2 17.9

Fifth Decile 23,176 25,378 29,792 9.5 17.4

Sixth Decile 28,262 30,897 36,095 9.3 16.8

Seventh Decile 35,143 38,168 44,471 8.6 16.5

Eight Decile 45,737 48,973 56,565 7.1 15.5

Ninth Decile 64,562 68,257 78,020 5.7 14.3

Tenth Decile 150,418 151,488 168,716 0.7 11.4

3. Other Poverty Measures

Other poverty measures being generated by PSA include the income gap, poverty
gap, and severity of poverty (squared poverty gap).
The income gap measures the average amount of income required by the poor in
order to get out of poverty, expressed in relation to the poverty thresholds. The
income gap was estimated at 25.6 percent in the first semester of 2023, which
means that on the average, a poor family with five members need an additional
monthly income of about PhP 3,535 to move out of poverty in the first semester of
2023. This can serve as a useful reference especially in determining the necessary
budget that can be transferred/added to the income of the poor and lift them out of
poverty.
Table 3. Income Gap, Poverty Gap and Severity of Poverty: First Semester
2018, 2021 and 2023
First Semester
Increase/Decrease
Statistics Estimate
2018 2021 2023 2018 - 2021 2021 - 2023
2/
Income Gap 27.0 27.0 25.6 0.1 (1.4)
Poverty Gap1/,2/ 4.4 4.9 4.2 0.5 (0.6)
Severity of Poverty1/,2/
1.8 2.0 1.6 0.2 (0.3)
(Squared Poverty Gap)
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Notes: 1/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2018 to 2021 is significant.
2/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2021 to 2023 is significant.

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B. Regional
At the regional level, the regions with the lowest poverty incidence among families
in the first semester of 2023 were NCR, CAR, and CALABARZON. On the other
hand, BARMM consistently registered the highest poverty incidence among
families at 34.8 percent in the first semester of 2023. Moreover, more than half of
the regions posted significant changes in their incidences from 2021 to 2023. The
regions with significant decreases were: NCR, CAR, Regions II, III, XII, Caraga,
and BARMM. On the other hand, a significant increase was observed in Region XI
from 14.0 percent in first semester of 2021 to 20.3 percent in first semester of 2023.
Table 4. Per Capita Poverty Thresholds and Poverty Incidence among Families,
by Region: First Semester 2018, 2021 and 2023
First Semester Poverty Incidence
First Semester Per Capita among Families
Poverty Threshold (in PhP) Coefficient of
Estimates (%)
Region Variation

2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 12,638 14,498 16,557 16.2 18.0 16.4 1.1 1.2 2.2
NCR 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.9 5.2 3.3 5.3 4.5 6.2
CAR 1/, 2/ 12,358 14,023 15,912 13.8 12.1 9.4 4.0 4.4 5.7
Region I 1/ 12,837 15,470 16,839 8.7 15.8 14.2 7.9 5.7 8.7
Region II 2/ 12,182 14,226 15,750 15.4 16.4 11.6 5.5 6.3 9.2
Region III 1/, 2/ 12,976 16,226 19,088 7.9 13.7 11.6 4.8 4.4 6.1
CALABARZON 1/ 13,669 15,604 18,389 7.8 10.6 9.5 5.9 5.3 5.0
MIMAROPA 1/ 11,472 13,054 15,277 15.1 19.3 19.0 4.7 4.4 5.5
Region V1/ 11,975 13,873 16,349 21.5 26.1 25.1 3.6 3.8 3.7
Region VI1/ 11,964 13,519 17,048 15.9 19.3 20.5 4.9 4.5 5.1
Region VII1/ 12,724 15,174 17,044 19.1 26.8 23.9 4.2 4.3 10.8
Region VIII 12,195 13,550 15,476 30.4 28.9 26.1 3.4 3.8 4.1
Region IX 12,424 14,467 16,286 32.4 30.9 29.7 3.4 3.5 3.9
Region X 12,259 14,302 16,542 25.6 26.2 24.8 3.1 3.8 3.4
Region XI 2/ 12,718 13,324 15,278 17.8 14.0 20.4 4.0 4.4 16.9
Region XII2/, 3/ 12,082 13,298 14,685 27.2 27.1 22.9 3.7 3.8 4.9
Caraga1/, 2/ 12,346 13,613 14,576 28.3 31.0 20.8 3.2 3.0 4.5
BARMM1/, 2/, 4/ 13,599 14,126 15,179 55.9 39.4 34.8 2.4 3.6 3.0
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Notes: 1/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2018 to 2021 is significant.
2/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2021 to 2023 is significant.
3/ Still includes the 63 barangays from Cotabato, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ Still excludes the 63 barangays from Cotabato, which are now part of BARMM.

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C. Provincial

At the provincial level, the provinces which consistently belonged to the group with the
least poverty incidence among families in the first semester of 2018, 2021 and 2023
were NCR, Benguet, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Pampanga, Rizal, and Siquijor. On
the other hand, the provinces of Batanes and Batangas were included in the least poor
cluster since the first semester of 2021. Meanwhile, the other provinces that joined this
roster of least poor cluster in the first semester of 2023 are: Aklan, Apayao, Bataan,
Cagayan, Camiguin, Guimaras, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Nueva Vizcaya.

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Table 5. Provinces in Least Poor Cluster Based on the 2023 Poverty Incidence Among Families: First Semester 2018, 2021, and 2023

2018 2021 2023

Province Poverty 90% CI Poverty 90% CI Poverty 90% CI
Cluster Cluster Cluster
Incidence LL UL Incidence LL UL Incidence LL UL
1st District 5 5.7 3.9 7.5 5 2.0 1.3 2.7 5 3.7 2.4 5.1
2nd District 5 3.5 2.7 4.2 5 3.8 3.2 4.5 5 2.6 2.0 3.1
3rd District 5 8.1 7.3 9.0 5 8.1 7.2 9.1 5 4.8 4.0 5.6
4th District 5 3.9 3.5 4.3 5 6.3 5.6 7.0 5 3.0 2.6 3.5
Aklan 4 14.7 12.2 17.1 4 18.4 15.8 20.9 5 6.2 4.9 7.5
Apayao 3 23.2 18.4 28.0 4 12.6 8.8 16.4 5 5.4 3.2 7.7
Bataan 4 11.6 9.7 13.5 4 12.8 11.0 14.5 5 10.8 8.9 12.8
Batanes 4 13.5 10.9 16.0 5 7.5 4.9 10.0 5 10.0 6.6 13.4
Batangas 4 13.0 11.0 15.1 5 7.0 5.4 8.7 5 8.3 6.7 9.8
Benguet 5 6.1 5.0 7.1 5 7.5 6.5 8.5 5 6.4 5.2 7.7
Cagayan 4 15.1 12.9 17.3 4 12.9 10.4 15.4 5 8.8 4.5 13.1
Camiguin 3 23.8 20.4 27.2 4 17.7 15.5 19.9 5 10.6 8.5 12.7
Cavite 5 6.1 4.8 7.4 5 10.8 8.9 12.7 5 9.1 7.6 10.6
Guimaras 4 12.6 10.2 15.0 4 19.0 15.7 22.3 5 8.5 6.3 10.6
Ifugao 4 15.5 12.6 18.5 4 13.7 10.7 16.8 5 10.1 8.4 11.9
Ilocos Norte 5 5.6 4.0 7.1 5 6.3 4.5 8.2 5 0.5 0.2 0.8
Ilocos Sur 5 8.9 7.3 10.5 4 18.0 15.5 20.4 5 9.3 7.7 11.0
Kalinga 4 12.2 10.2 14.3 4 12.1 9.7 14.5 5 6.3 4.7 8.0
Laguna 5 5.0 3.7 6.4 5 10.0 7.8 12.3 5 9.5 7.6 11.4
Nueva Vizcaya 4 17.2 14.4 20.0 4 12.8 10.2 15.5 5 10.9 8.9 12.8
Pampanga 5 3.6 2.4 4.8 5 6.2 5.1 7.4 5 3.7 2.8 4.5
Rizal 5 4.8 3.6 6.1 5 6.1 4.7 7.6 5 8.9 7.4 10.5
Siquijor 5 10.0 7.4 12.6 5 4.3 2.6 6.1 5 4.6 2.9 6.2
Tarlac 5 10.4 8.8 12.0 4 13.2 11.3 15.0 5 9.4 7.4 11.4
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Notes: 1. Provinces were clustered using 90% confidence intervals of poverty incidence among families.
2. Five clusters were established with the poverty incidence in the First Semester of 2018 as the reference range in each cluster. Cluster 5 refers to the least poor
provinces.

vi
On the other hand, Basilan has been consistently included in the cluster with relatively high poverty incidence among families 2018,
2021 and 2023. Tawi-tawi is in the poorest cluster in the first semester of 2023.

Table 6. Provinces in Poorest Cluster Based on the Poverty Incidence Among Families: First Semester 2018, 2021 and 2023

2018 2021 2023

90% Confidence 90% Confidence 90% Confidence
Province Poverty Interval Poverty Interval Poverty Interval
Cluster Cluster Cluster
Incidence Lower Upper Incidence Lower Upper Incidence Lower Upper
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit
Basilan 1 65.5 61.8 69.1 1 46.7 42.2 51.1 1 46.9 42.9 50.9
Tawi-tawi 4 17.7 15.1 20.3 2 39.5 34.0 45.1 1 50.5 45.0 56.0
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Notes: 1. Provinces were clustered using 90% confidence intervals of poverty incidence among families.
2. Five clusters were established with the poverty incidence in the First Semester of 2018 as the reference range in each cluster. Cluster 1 refers to provinces with
relatively high poverty incidence among families.

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D. Highly Urbanized Cities

In general, poverty incidence in highly urbanized cities (HUCs) are relatively lower
compared to many of the provinces in the country. In HUCs within NCR, the following
cities registered significant decline in their poverty incidence among families from the
first semester of 2021 to 2023: Cities of Caloocan, Navotas, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa,
Parañaque, Pasay and Taguig. On the other hand, for HUCs outside NCR, the City of
Butuan registered the highest significant decrease from 26.5 percent in the first
semester of 2021 to 16.9 percent in 2023 while the City of Bacolod is the only HUC
that significantly increased.
Table 7. Poverty Incidence among Families, in Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs):
First Semester 2018, 2021 and 2023
First Semester Poverty Incidence Among Families (%)
Highly Urbanized City
2018 2021 2023
City of Manila1/ 5.7 2.0 3.7
City of Mandaluyong 1.4 1.2 0.6
City of Marikina 4.1 3.4 2.3
City of Pasig 3.6 5.3 4.3
Quezon City 3.7 4.1 2.6
City of San Juan 1.7 0.4 0.0
City of Caloocan2/ 7.8 9.7 4.8
City of Malabon 1/ 9.0 6.2 5.3
City of Navotas2/ 11.1 9.6 7.0
City of Valenzuela1/ 7.2 5.0 3.8
City of Las Piñas2/ 4.0 5.4 1.7
City of Makati1/ 0.9 2.3 2.5
City of Muntinlupa2/ 5.7 7.0 0.7
City of Parañaque2/ 4.8 5.2 2.4
Pasay City2/ 6.0 6.8 1.6
Paterosa/ 4.0 7.3 4.3
City of Taguig1/,2/ 3.3 9.7 6.5
City of Baguio 2.7 3.4 2.6
City of Angeles1/,2/ 2.2 5.1 2.1
City of Olongapo1/ 9.4 13.0 10.8
City of Lucena1/,2/ 6.3 9.8 6.4
City of Puerto Princesa 1/ 3.7 7.9 6.4
City of Iloilo1/ 4.4 8.4 6.8
City of Bacolod 2/ 4.7 5.7 10.6
City of Cebu1/, 2/ 10.3 16.1 10.1
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/ 7.7 12.7 10.6
City of Mandaue 9.5 12.3 9.7
City of Tacloban 13.1 14.7 13.2
City of Zamboanga1/ 12.3 7.9 11.5
City of Iligan 19.9 17.0 16.9
City of Cagayan De Oro 11.0 11.6 12.3
City of Davao 7.8 6.0 21.7
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/ 15.2 15.5 8.8
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 19.5 26.5 16.9
Notes: a/ Pateros is the only municipality in NCR.
1/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2018 to 2021 is significant.
2/ Based on t-test at 95% level of significance, the observed change from 2021 to 2023 is significant.

viii
Cluster of Provinces
Based on the 2023 First Semester Poverty Incidence Among Families

ix
p
Table 1. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Poverty First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP)
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/, 2/
PHILIPPINES 12,638 14,498 16,557 16.2 18.0 16.4 1.1 1.2 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 15.9 16.5 17.6 18.3 15.8 17.0

2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.9 5.2 3.3 5.3 4.5 6.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 4.5 5.3 4.8 5.6 3.0 3.7
1/, b/, c/
1st District 14,102 16,625 18,704 5.7 2.0 3.7 19.0 20.9 21.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 3.9 7.5 1.3 2.7 2.4 5.1
2nd District 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 3.5 3.8 2.6 12.6 10.1 13.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.7 4.2 3.2 4.5 2.0 3.1
2/
3rd District 14,102 16,625 18,704 8.1 8.1 4.8 6.5 7.1 9.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 7.3 9.0 7.2 9.1 4.0 5.6
4th District 1/, 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 3.9 6.3 3.0 6.5 6.8 8.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.5 4.3 5.6 7.0 2.6 3.5

1/, 2/
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 12,358 14,023 15,912 13.8 12.1 9.4 4.0 4.4 5.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 12.9 14.7 11.2 12.9 8.5 10.3
Abra 1/ 12,406 14,321 16,656 29.5 21.5 19.6 6.2 8.8 10.1 1.8 1.9 2.0 26.5 32.5 18.4 24.6 16.3 22.9
1/, 2/, c/
Apayao 11,523 12,797 14,268 23.2 12.6 5.4 12.6 18.4 25.2 2.9 2.3 1.4 18.4 28.0 8.8 16.4 3.2 7.7
Benguet 11,837 13,476 15,530 6.1 7.5 6.4 10.5 8.1 11.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 5.0 7.1 6.5 8.5 5.2 7.7
Ifugao 12,948 14,432 15,005 15.5 13.7 10.1 11.4 13.6 10.5 1.8 1.9 1.1 12.6 18.5 10.7 16.8 8.4 11.9
Kalinga 2/ 11,851 12,920 14,540 12.2 12.1 6.3 10.2 12.1 16.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 10.2 14.3 9.7 14.5 4.7 8.0
Mt. Province 13,366 15,610 17,402 24.5 22.7 17.5 8.1 9.6 12.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 21.2 27.7 19.1 26.3 14.1 21.0

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 12,837 15,470 16,839 8.7 15.8 14.2 7.9 5.7 8.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 7.6 9.9 14.3 17.2 12.2 16.2
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 12,776 15,566 17,134 5.6 6.3 0.5 16.5 17.7 37.8 0.9 1.1 0.2 4.0 7.1 4.5 8.2 0.2 0.8
Ilocos Sur 1/ 2/ 11,963 16,332 17,184 8.9 18.0 9.3 11.1 8.2 11.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 7.3 10.5 15.5 20.4 7.7 11.0
1/
La Union 10,881 13,812 16,426 3.7 10.7 12.5 18.7 10.9 11.3 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.6 4.8 8.8 12.6 10.2 14.8
Pangasinan 1/ 13,191 15,534 16,870 10.6 18.6 18.5 10.5 7.7 10.7 1.1 1.4 2.0 8.8 12.4 16.2 20.9 15.2 21.7

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 12,182 14,226 15,750 15.4 16.4 11.6 5.5 6.3 9.2 0.8 1.0 1.1 14.0 16.7 14.7 18.1 9.9 13.4
Batanes 1/, b/, c/ 19,333 17,774 17,970 13.5 7.5 10.0 11.6 20.9 20.5 1.6 1.6 2.1 10.9 16.0 4.9 10.0 6.6 13.4
Cagayan c/ 12,215 13,714 14,407 15.1 12.9 8.8 8.9 11.6 29.5 1.4 1.5 2.6 12.9 17.3 10.4 15.4 4.5 13.1
Isabela 1/, 2/ 12,233 14,787 16,869 15.6 20.8 14.0 9.2 8.8 10.2 1.4 1.8 1.4 13.3 18.0 17.8 23.8 11.6 16.3
Nueva Vizcaya 12,001 12,611 13,934 17.2 12.8 10.9 9.9 12.6 10.8 1.7 1.6 1.2 14.4 20.0 10.2 15.5 8.9 12.8
Quirino 11,239 13,880 14,845 9.9 11.3 11.1 11.2 10.4 12.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 8.1 11.7 9.4 13.2 8.8 13.5

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 12,976 16,226 19,088 7.9 13.7 11.6 4.8 4.4 6.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 7.3 8.6 12.7 14.7 10.5 12.8
Aurora 1/ 12,079 15,053 16,133 16.7 24.0 19.9 9.9 8.5 9.7 1.6 2.1 1.9 14.0 19.4 20.7 27.4 16.8 23.1
Bataan 14,522 14,776 17,212 11.6 12.8 10.8 9.8 8.4 11.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 9.7 13.5 11.0 14.5 8.9 12.8
Bulacan 1/ 12,647 17,537 20,652 4.9 14.9 16.2 14.9 8.9 12.4 0.7 1.3 2.0 3.7 6.1 12.7 17.1 12.9 19.5
Nueva Ecija 1/ 12,354 14,766 17,445 10.5 17.0 12.5 10.1 10.7 11.6 1.1 1.8 1.5 8.8 12.2 14.1 20.0 10.1 14.9
Pampanga 1/, 2/, a/ 12,912 16,883 19,059 3.6 6.2 3.7 20.4 11.2 13.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 2.4 4.8 5.1 7.4 2.8 4.5
Tarlac 2/ 11,994 14,612 17,773 10.4 13.2 9.4 9.1 8.7 12.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 8.8 12.0 11.3 15.0 7.4 11.4
Zambales 1/, 2/ 14,734 17,411 19,644 16.6 22.0 18.2 7.7 5.9 6.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 14.5 18.7 19.9 24.2 16.1 20.2

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 1

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Table 1. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Poverty First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP)
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/
Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 13,669 15,604 18,389 7.8 10.6 9.5 5.9 5.3 5.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 7.0 8.5 9.7 11.5 8.7 10.3
1/
Batangas 15,854 15,382 17,127 13.0 7.0 8.3 9.6 14.1 11.8 1.3 1.0 1.0 11.0 15.1 5.4 8.7 6.7 9.9
Cavite 1/ 14,462 17,907 20,680 6.1 10.8 9.1 12.8 10.7 10.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 4.8 7.4 8.9 12.7 7.6 10.6
1/
Laguna 11,471 15,228 19,083 5.0 10.0 9.5 16.8 13.4 12.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 3.7 6.4 7.8 12.3 7.6 11.4
1/, 2/
Quezon 11,383 13,586 14,900 12.4 22.1 12.9 12.8 8.6 10.0 1.6 1.9 1.3 9.8 15.0 19.0 25.2 10.8 15.0
Rizal 2/ 13,951 15,707 19,118 4.8 6.1 8.9 15.4 14.4 10.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 3.6 6.1 4.7 7.6 7.4 10.5

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 11,472 13,054 15,277 15.1 19.3 19.0 4.7 4.4 5.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 14.0 16.3 17.9 20.7 17.3 20.7
1/, 2/
Marinduque 11,672 13,658 15,609 14.2 18.7 14.6 9.2 8.4 9.2 1.3 1.6 1.3 12.1 16.4 16.1 21.3 12.4 16.8
Occidental Mindoro 10,610 13,409 14,257 22.1 24.9 20.1 9.7 8.6 12.9 2.1 2.1 2.6 18.6 25.6 21.4 28.4 15.8 24.3
Oriental Mindoro 12,136 13,390 15,663 13.0 16.6 19.1 10.6 10.8 9.6 1.4 1.8 1.8 10.8 15.3 13.6 19.5 16.1 22.2
1/
Palawan 11,348 12,045 14,923 11.3 16.0 17.0 10.0 8.7 10.0 1.1 1.4 1.7 9.5 13.2 13.7 18.3 14.2 19.8
1/
Romblon 11,869 13,863 16,567 24.3 32.1 28.3 7.4 5.6 6.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 21.4 27.3 29.2 35.1 25.3 31.2

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 11,975 13,873 16,349 21.5 26.1 25.1 3.6 3.8 3.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 20.2 22.7 24.5 27.7 23.5 26.6
Albay 2/ 12,258 13,691 17,348 16.0 18.8 25.3 8.0 9.0 6.2 1.3 1.7 1.6 13.9 18.1 16.0 21.6 22.7 27.9
Camarines Norte 12,147 14,083 16,723 24.9 20.9 20.9 6.9 8.0 6.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 22.1 27.7 18.2 23.7 18.6 23.2
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 11,599 14,378 16,771 19.3 34.6 27.4 8.8 7.3 8.2 1.7 2.5 2.2 16.5 22.1 30.4 38.8 23.7 31.0
Catanduanes 2/ 12,152 13,915 15,721 19.4 17.4 24.9 8.2 8.2 7.1 1.6 1.4 1.8 16.8 22.1 15.1 19.8 22.0 27.8
2/
Masbate 11,289 12,645 14,044 29.4 24.8 18.7 7.0 7.0 10.1 2.1 1.7 1.9 26.1 32.8 21.9 27.6 15.6 21.8
Sorsogon 13,131 13,744 15,677 24.5 26.2 29.6 6.7 7.1 7.2 1.6 1.9 2.1 21.8 27.2 23.1 29.2 26.1 33.1

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 11,964 13,519 17,048 15.9 19.3 20.5 4.9 4.5 5.1 0.8 0.9 1.1 14.7 17.2 17.8 20.7 18.8 22.2
Aklan 2/ 12,079 13,542 14,672 14.7 18.4 6.2 10.2 8.5 12.7 1.5 1.6 0.8 12.2 17.1 15.8 20.9 4.9 7.5
Antique 11,704 13,249 16,227 18.3 21.9 17.8 9.6 9.0 18.0 1.8 2.0 3.2 15.4 21.1 18.7 25.1 12.5 23.0
Capiz 1/, 2/ 10,982 13,339 16,395 5.8 9.5 14.4 13.3 12.4 10.4 0.8 1.2 1.5 4.6 7.1 7.5 11.4 12.0 16.9
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 12,623 13,863 14,885 12.6 19.0 8.5 11.5 10.6 15.4 1.4 2.0 1.3 10.2 15.0 15.7 22.3 6.3 10.6
Iloilo 12,617 14,125 16,763 15.9 18.3 18.1 7.4 7.9 8.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 13.9 17.8 16.0 20.7 15.6 20.5
Negros Occidental 2/ 11,600 13,158 17,557 18.5 22.3 28.1 8.5 7.7 7.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 15.9 21.1 19.5 25.1 24.7 31.6

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 12,724 15,174 17,044 19.1 26.8 23.9 4.2 4.3 10.8 0.8 1.2 2.6 17.8 20.4 24.9 28.6 19.7 28.2
Bohol 1/ 12,624 13,359 15,175 21.2 26.6 23.1 8.3 7.2 7.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 18.3 24.1 23.4 29.7 20.3 26.0
Cebu 1/ 12,881 16,312 17,958 16.5 26.9 24.9 5.9 5.9 15.2 1.0 1.6 3.8 14.9 18.1 24.3 29.5 18.7 31.1
Negros Oriental 12,440 12,782 15,127 26.3 28.1 22.2 8.3 7.8 9.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 22.7 29.9 24.5 31.6 18.6 25.8
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 12,463 12,515 14,682 10.0 4.3 4.6 15.8 24.8 22.0 1.6 1.1 1.0 7.4 12.6 2.6 6.1 2.9 6.2

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 2

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Table 1. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Poverty First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP)
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 12,195 13,550 15,476 30.4 28.9 26.1 3.4 3.8 4.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 28.7 32.1 27.2 30.7 24.3 27.8
2/
Biliran 12,039 14,348 14,325 18.0 22.4 13.2 7.9 7.8 8.6 1.4 1.7 1.1 15.7 20.4 19.5 25.3 11.3 15.1
1/
Eastern Samar 14,112 14,523 15,896 43.0 36.0 35.6 5.0 6.5 6.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 39.4 46.5 32.1 39.8 31.8 39.4
2/
Leyte 11,720 13,522 16,136 29.3 29.6 22.7 6.6 7.0 7.7 1.9 2.1 1.8 26.2 32.5 26.2 33.0 19.8 25.6
1/
Northern Samar 12,662 13,173 15,021 30.0 23.1 27.5 6.6 6.9 9.2 2.0 1.6 2.5 26.7 33.3 20.5 25.8 23.3 31.7
Southern Leyte 2/ 12,691 14,505 15,896 22.9 25.5 16.6 7.2 6.3 9.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 20.2 25.6 22.8 28.1 13.9 19.3
Samar 11,243 12,593 14,310 32.2 30.0 35.8 6.6 6.6 7.7 2.1 2.0 2.8 28.8 35.7 26.8 33.3 31.2 40.3

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 12,424 14,467 16,286 32.4 30.9 29.7 3.4 3.5 3.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 30.6 34.3 29.1 32.7 27.8 31.6
1/, 2/
Zamboanga del Norte 13,654 17,125 18,387 41.5 53.6 38.9 5.9 4.7 7.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 37.5 45.5 49.4 57.7 34.2 43.5
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 11,822 12,173 15,973 25.1 19.2 26.3 5.8 7.2 5.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 22.7 27.6 16.9 21.4 24.0 28.7
1/
Zamboanga Sibugay 11,446 12,315 12,907 36.1 29.7 26.9 7.1 6.4 6.9 2.5 1.9 1.9 31.9 40.2 26.5 32.8 23.8 30.0
Isabela City 1/ 12,709 12,033 14,571 53.1 23.7 18.6 6.1 10.8 15.3 3.2 2.6 2.9 47.9 58.4 19.5 27.9 13.9 23.3

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 12,259 14,302 16,542 25.6 26.2 24.8 3.1 3.8 3.4 0.8 1.0 0.9 24.3 26.9 24.5 27.8 23.4 26.2
Bukidnon 12,696 14,362 16,063 32.3 32.8 28.0 6.2 7.7 7.2 2.0 2.5 2.0 29.0 35.6 28.6 37.0 24.7 31.3
Camiguin 1/, 2/ 12,762 14,165 15,767 23.8 17.7 10.6 8.6 7.6 11.8 2.1 1.4 1.3 20.4 27.2 15.5 19.9 8.5 12.7
Lanao del Norte 1/ 12,088 14,163 16,006 23.6 31.4 30.5 6.0 6.4 6.0 1.4 2.0 1.8 21.2 25.9 28.1 34.6 27.5 33.5
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 12,036 14,939 17,436 32.7 23.3 29.2 6.3 8.2 6.5 2.1 1.9 1.9 29.3 36.0 20.2 26.5 26.0 32.3
Misamis Oriental 11,891 14,089 17,225 18.6 19.0 18.1 5.1 6.1 6.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 17.0 20.2 17.1 21.0 16.3 20.0

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 12,718 13,324 15,278 17.8 14.0 20.4 4.0 4.4 16.9 0.7 0.6 3.4 16.6 19.0 13.0 15.0 14.7 26.0
Davao del Norte 12,725 13,545 15,318 14.5 13.6 14.5 10.3 10.4 13.8 1.5 1.4 2.0 12.1 17.0 11.3 15.9 11.2 17.7
Davao del Sur 1/, c/ 12,909 13,377 14,821 10.8 7.9 19.7 10.2 9.6 33.1 1.1 0.8 6.5 8.9 12.6 6.7 9.2 9.0 30.5
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 12,636 13,788 17,165 32.6 24.5 38.9 6.6 8.8 5.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 29.1 36.1 20.9 28.0 35.1 42.6
Davao de Oro 2/ 12,532 12,942 14,716 26.0 21.8 14.3 6.7 8.2 9.2 1.7 1.8 1.3 23.1 28.8 18.8 24.7 12.1 16.4
Davao Occidental 2/ 12,669 12,834 13,844 37.7 31.7 24.4 6.5 8.4 9.8 2.4 2.7 2.4 33.7 41.8 27.3 36.0 20.5 28.3

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 12,082 13,298 14,685 27.2 27.1 22.9 3.7 3.8 4.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 25.6 28.9 25.4 28.8 21.1 24.8
Cotabato 11,784 13,894 15,430 25.5 27.9 25.2 8.3 8.4 9.6 2.1 2.3 2.4 22.0 29.0 24.1 31.8 21.2 29.2
Sarangani 2/ 11,139 12,238 13,865 40.8 42.1 30.3 7.4 5.9 9.1 3.0 2.5 2.8 35.9 45.7 38.0 46.1 25.7 34.8
South Cotabato 2/ 12,521 12,393 14,361 18.9 19.8 14.0 8.1 7.2 9.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 16.4 21.5 17.4 22.1 11.9 16.1
Sultan Kudarat 1/, 2/ 11,566 12,621 14,572 32.6 25.8 33.3 7.1 9.3 8.3 2.3 2.4 2.8 28.8 36.4 21.9 29.8 28.8 37.9

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 3

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Table 1. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Poverty First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP)
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 12,346 13,613 14,576 28.3 31.0 20.8 3.2 3.0 4.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 26.8 29.8 29.5 32.5 19.3 22.4
1/, 2/
Agusan del Norte 11,363 13,860 14,529 23.1 27.8 20.8 5.7 4.7 6.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 21.0 25.3 25.6 30.0 18.7 23.0
1/, 2/
Agusan del Sur 12,136 13,957 14,347 32.6 39.6 25.9 6.7 5.6 7.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 29.0 36.2 36.0 43.3 22.8 29.0
Surigao del Norte 2/ 13,799 13,106 14,716 32.4 27.4 12.5 6.7 7.8 10.4 2.2 2.1 1.3 28.8 36.0 23.8 30.9 10.4 14.7
2/
Surigao del Sur 11,969 13,000 14,273 23.9 27.9 20.1 7.4 7.4 15.1 1.8 2.1 3.0 21.0 26.8 24.5 31.3 15.1 25.1
Dinagat Islands 13,177 14,380 16,780 36.7 30.3 30.7 6.8 7.6 7.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 32.6 40.8 26.6 34.1 27.0 34.5

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 13,599 14,126 15,179 55.9 39.4 34.8 2.4 3.6 3.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 53.7 58.1 37.1 41.8 33.1 36.6
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 2/ 12,715 13,731 15,187 65.5 46.7 46.9 3.4 5.8 5.2 2.2 2.7 2.4 61.8 69.1 42.2 51.1 42.9 50.9
1/, 2/
Lanao del Sur 14,786 14,627 16,481 68.0 11.4 21.6 3.2 12.0 8.3 2.2 1.4 1.8 64.5 71.6 9.1 13.6 18.7 24.6
Maguindanao 1/ 12,765 12,844 13,735 48.6 37.1 41.2 6.6 7.8 4.7 3.2 2.9 1.9 43.4 53.8 32.4 41.9 38.0 44.4
2/
Sulu 13,929 15,363 14,755 66.7 71.9 22.6 3.3 4.2 9.4 2.2 3.0 2.1 63.0 70.3 67.0 76.8 19.1 26.1
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 9,881 13,333 15,642 17.7 39.5 50.5 8.9 8.5 6.6 1.6 3.4 3.3 15.1 20.3 34.0 45.1 45.0 56.0
Cotabato City 14,722 16,749 18,934 42.0 42.0 43.3 5.8 5.5 7.0 2.4 2.3 3.0 38.1 46.0 38.2 45.8 38.3 48.2
Notes:

1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).

2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.

b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.

c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.

p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 4

Table 1a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/, 2/
PHILIPPINES 12,638 14,498 16,557 16.2 18.0 16.4 1.1 1.2 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 15.9 16.5 17.6 18.3 15.8 17.0

2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.9 5.2 3.3 5.3 4.5 6.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 4.5 5.3 4.8 5.6 3.0 3.7
1st District
City of Manila 1/, b/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 5.7 2.0 3.7 19.0 20.9 21.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 3.9 7.5 1.3 2.7 2.4 5.1
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong a/, b/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 1.4 1.2 0.6 31.3 26.0 37.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 2.2 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.9
City of Marikina 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.1 3.4 2.3 13.1 16.2 18.0 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.2 5.0 2.5 4.3 1.6 3.0
City of Pasig 14,102 16,625 18,704 3.6 5.3 4.3 15.5 15.1 16.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 2.7 4.5 4.0 6.6 3.1 5.5
Quezon City c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 3.7 4.1 2.6 18.2 14.4 20.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.6 4.9 3.1 5.1 1.7 3.4
City of San Juan a/, b/, d/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 1.7 0.4 0.0 33.9 97.5 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.7 2.6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 7.8 9.7 4.8 11.1 10.4 17.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 6.4 9.3 8.0 11.3 3.5 6.2
City of Malabon 1/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 9.0 6.2 5.3 8.4 10.5 12.2 0.8 0.7 0.7 7.7 10.2 5.2 7.3 4.2 6.4
City of Navotas 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 11.1 9.6 7.0 8.8 10.3 10.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 9.5 12.7 8.0 11.2 5.9 8.2
City of Valenzuela 1/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 7.2 5.0 3.8 11.1 11.0 12.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 5.9 8.5 4.1 5.9 3.0 4.6
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.0 5.4 1.7 13.9 14.2 25.9 0.6 0.8 0.4 3.1 4.9 4.1 6.6 1.0 2.4
City of Makati 1/, a/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 0.9 2.3 2.5 31.6 18.1 24.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 1.3 1.6 3.0 1.5 3.5
City of Muntinlupa 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 5.7 7.0 0.7 13.5 15.9 30.8 0.8 1.1 0.2 4.4 7.0 5.2 8.8 0.3 1.0
City of Parañaque 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.8 5.2 2.4 15.5 14.2 23.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 3.6 6.0 4.0 6.4 1.4 3.3
Pasay City 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 6.0 6.8 1.6 11.9 13.7 31.6 0.7 0.9 0.5 4.8 7.2 5.2 8.3 0.8 2.5
Pateros a/, b/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.0 7.3 4.3 27.4 24.3 22.4 1.1 1.8 1.0 2.2 5.8 4.4 10.2 2.7 5.9
City of Taguig 1/, 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 3.3 9.7 6.5 18.2 12.4 12.0 0.6 1.2 0.8 2.3 4.2 7.7 11.7 5.2 7.7

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 12,358 14,023 15,912 13.8 12.1 9.4 4.0 4.4 5.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 12.9 14.7 11.2 12.9 8.5 10.3
Abra 1/ 12,406 14,321 16,656 29.5 21.5 19.6 6.2 8.8 10.1 1.8 1.9 2.0 26.5 32.5 18.4 24.6 16.3 22.9
Apayao 1/, 2/, c/ 11,523 12,797 14,268 23.2 12.6 5.4 12.6 18.4 25.2 2.9 2.3 1.4 18.4 28.0 8.8 16.4 3.2 7.7
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 11,785 13,404 15,455 8.8 10.8 9.5 12.3 9.7 13.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 7.0 10.6 9.1 12.6 7.4 11.6
City of Baguio c/ 12,050 13,759 15,924 2.7 3.4 2.6 18.5 15.5 20.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.9 3.5 2.6 4.3 1.7 3.4
Ifugao 12,948 14,432 15,005 15.5 13.7 10.1 11.4 13.6 10.5 1.8 1.9 1.1 12.6 18.5 10.7 16.8 8.4 11.9
Kalinga 2/ 11,851 12,920 14,540 12.2 12.1 6.3 10.2 12.1 16.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 10.2 14.3 9.7 14.5 4.7 8.0
Mt. Province 13,366 15,610 17,402 24.5 22.7 17.5 8.1 9.6 12.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 21.2 27.7 19.1 26.3 14.1 21.0

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 12,837 15,470 16,839 8.7 15.8 14.2 7.9 5.7 8.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 7.6 9.9 14.3 17.2 12.2 16.2
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 12,776 15,566 17,134 5.6 6.3 0.5 16.5 17.7 37.8 0.9 1.1 0.2 4.0 7.1 4.5 8.2 0.2 0.8
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 11,963 16,332 17,184 8.9 18.0 9.3 11.1 8.2 11.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 7.3 10.5 15.5 20.4 7.7 11.0
La Union 1/ 10,881 13,812 16,426 3.7 10.7 12.5 18.7 10.9 11.3 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.6 4.8 8.8 12.6 10.2 14.8
Pangasinan 1/ 13,191 15,534 16,870 10.6 18.6 18.5 10.5 7.7 10.7 1.1 1.4 2.0 8.8 12.4 16.2 20.9 15.2 21.7

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 5

Table 1a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 12,182 14,226 15,750 15.4 16.4 11.6 5.5 6.3 9.2 0.8 1.0 1.1 14.0 16.7 14.7 18.1 9.9 13.4
Batanes 1/, b/, c/ 19,333 17,774 17,970 13.5 7.5 10.0 11.6 20.9 20.5 1.6 1.6 2.1 10.9 16.0 4.9 10.0 6.6 13.4
Cagayan c/ 12,215 13,714 14,407 15.1 12.9 8.8 8.9 11.6 29.5 1.4 1.5 2.6 12.9 17.3 10.4 15.4 4.5 13.1
Isabela 1/, 2/ 12,233 14,787 16,869 15.6 20.8 14.0 9.2 8.8 10.2 1.4 1.8 1.4 13.3 18.0 17.8 23.8 11.6 16.3
Nueva Vizcaya 12,001 12,611 13,934 17.2 12.8 10.9 9.9 12.6 10.8 1.7 1.6 1.2 14.4 20.0 10.2 15.5 8.9 12.8
Quirino 11,239 13,880 14,845 9.9 11.3 11.1 11.2 10.4 12.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 8.1 11.7 9.4 13.2 8.8 13.5

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 12,976 16,226 19,088 7.9 13.7 11.6 4.8 4.4 6.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 7.3 8.6 12.7 14.7 10.5 12.8
Aurora 1/ 12,079 15,053 16,133 16.7 24.0 19.9 9.9 8.5 9.7 1.6 2.1 1.9 14.0 19.4 20.7 27.4 16.7 23.1
Bataan 14,522 14,776 17,212 11.6 12.8 10.8 9.8 8.4 11.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 9.7 13.5 11.0 14.5 8.9 12.8
Bulacan 1/ 12,647 17,537 20,652 4.9 14.9 16.2 14.9 8.9 12.4 0.7 1.3 2.0 3.7 6.1 12.7 17.1 12.9 19.5
Nueva Ecija 1/ 12,354 14,766 17,445 10.5 17.0 12.5 10.1 10.7 11.6 1.1 1.8 1.5 8.8 12.2 14.1 20.0 10.1 14.9
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) 1/, 2/, a/ 12,888 16,843 19,015 3.9 6.5 4.1 22.4 13.0 15.2 0.9 0.9 0.6 2.5 5.3 5.1 7.9 3.0 5.1
City of Angeles 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 12,788 17,100 19,368 2.2 5.1 2.1 23.7 13.4 22.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.4 3.1 4.0 6.2 1.3 2.8
Tarlac 2/ 11,994 14,612 17,773 10.4 13.2 9.4 9.1 8.7 12.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 8.8 12.0 11.3 15.0 7.4 11.4
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 1/ 14,671 17,309 19,489 19.4 25.3 20.8 9.1 6.8 7.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 16.5 22.3 22.5 28.2 18.1 23.4
City of Olongapo 1/ 15,071 17,883 20,380 9.4 13.0 10.8 10.7 8.7 11.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 7.8 11.1 11.1 14.8 8.8 12.8

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 13,669 15,604 18,389 7.8 10.6 9.5 5.9 5.3 5.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 7.0 8.5 9.7 11.5 8.7 10.3
Batangas 1/ 15,854 15,382 17,127 13.0 7.0 8.3 9.6 14.1 11.8 1.3 1.0 1.0 11.0 15.1 5.4 8.7 6.7 9.8
Cavite 1/ 14,462 17,907 20,680 6.1 10.8 9.1 12.8 10.7 10.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 4.8 7.4 8.9 12.7 7.6 10.6
Laguna 1/ 11,471 15,228 19,083 5.0 10.0 9.5 16.8 13.4 12.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 3.7 6.4 7.8 12.3 7.6 11.4
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/ 11,363 13,552 14,857 13.3 23.8 13.8 13.6 9.0 10.5 1.8 2.1 1.4 10.3 16.2 20.2 27.3 11.4 16.2
City of Lucena 1/, 2/ 11,707 14,161 15,472 6.3 9.8 6.4 14.8 15.0 14.7 0.9 1.5 0.9 4.7 7.8 7.4 12.2 4.8 7.9
Rizal 2/ 13,951 15,707 19,118 4.8 6.1 8.9 15.4 14.4 10.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 3.6 6.1 4.7 7.6 7.4 10.4

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 11,472 13,054 15,277 15.1 19.3 19.0 4.7 4.4 5.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 14.0 16.3 17.9 20.7 17.3 20.7
Marinduque 1/, 2/ 11,672 13,658 15,609 14.2 18.7 14.6 9.2 8.4 9.2 1.3 1.6 1.3 12.1 16.4 16.1 21.3 12.3 16.8
Occidental Mindoro 10,610 13,409 14,257 22.1 24.9 20.1 9.7 8.6 12.9 2.1 2.1 2.6 18.6 25.6 21.4 28.4 15.8 24.3
Oriental Mindoro 12,136 13,390 15,663 13.0 16.6 19.1 10.6 10.8 9.6 1.4 1.8 1.8 10.8 15.3 13.6 19.5 16.1 22.2
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1/ 11,335 11,988 14,879 13.7 18.7 20.5 10.7 9.9 13.9 1.5 1.8 2.8 11.3 16.2 15.6 21.7 15.8 25.2
City of Puerto Princesa 1/ 11,503 12,463 15,344 3.7 7.9 6.4 18.6 15.5 14.7 0.7 1.2 0.9 2.6 4.8 5.9 9.9 4.8 7.9
Romblon 1/ 11,869 13,863 16,567 24.3 32.1 28.3 7.4 5.6 6.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 21.4 27.3 29.2 35.1 25.3 31.2

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 11,975 13,873 16,349 21.5 26.1 25.1 3.6 3.8 3.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 20.2 22.7 24.5 27.7 23.5 26.6
Albay 2/ 12,258 13,691 17,348 16.0 18.8 25.3 8.0 9.0 6.2 1.3 1.7 1.6 13.9 18.1 16.0 21.6 22.7 27.9
Camarines Norte 12,147 14,083 16,723 24.9 20.9 20.9 6.9 8.0 6.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 22.1 27.7 18.2 23.7 18.6 23.2
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 11,599 14,378 16,771 19.3 34.6 27.4 8.8 7.3 8.2 1.7 2.5 2.2 16.5 22.1 30.4 38.8 23.7 31.0
Catanduanes 2/ 12,152 13,915 15,721 19.4 17.4 24.9 8.2 8.2 7.1 1.6 1.4 1.8 16.8 22.1 15.1 19.8 22.0 27.8
Masbate 2/ 11,289 12,645 14,044 29.4 24.8 18.7 7.0 7.0 10.1 2.1 1.7 1.9 26.1 32.8 21.9 27.6 15.6 21.8
Sorsogon 13,131 13,744 15,677 24.5 26.2 29.6 6.7 7.1 7.2 1.6 1.9 2.1 21.8 27.2 23.1 29.2 26.1 33.1

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 6

Table 1a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 11,964 13,519 17,048 15.9 19.3 20.5 4.9 4.5 5.1 0.8 0.9 1.1 14.7 17.2 17.8 20.7 18.8 22.2
Aklan 2/ 12,079 13,542 14,672 14.7 18.4 6.2 10.2 8.5 12.7 1.5 1.6 0.8 12.2 17.1 15.8 20.9 4.9 7.5
Antique 11,704 13,249 16,227 18.3 21.9 17.8 9.6 9.0 18.0 1.8 2.0 3.2 15.4 21.1 18.7 25.1 12.5 23.0
Capiz 1/, 2/ 10,982 13,339 16,395 5.8 9.5 14.4 13.3 12.4 10.4 0.8 1.2 1.5 4.6 7.1 7.5 11.4 12.0 16.9
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 12,623 13,863 14,885 12.6 19.0 8.5 11.5 10.6 15.4 1.4 2.0 1.3 10.2 15.0 15.7 22.3 6.3 10.6
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 12,593 14,056 16,707 18.2 20.3 20.2 7.7 8.6 8.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 15.9 20.6 17.4 23.2 17.2 23.1
City of Iloilo 1/ 13,040 14,846 17,475 4.4 8.4 6.8 13.3 12.8 13.3 0.6 1.1 0.9 3.4 5.3 6.7 10.2 5.3 8.3
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 11,591 13,145 17,538 21.4 26.0 32.0 8.9 8.0 7.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 18.3 24.5 22.6 29.4 27.9 36.1
City of Bacolod 2/ 11,760 13,384 17,781 4.7 5.7 10.6 12.4 12.6 10.9 0.6 0.7 1.2 3.8 5.7 4.5 6.9 8.7 12.5

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 12,724 15,174 17,044 19.1 26.8 23.9 4.2 4.3 10.8 0.8 1.2 2.6 17.8 20.4 24.9 28.6 19.6 28.2
Bohol 1/ 12,624 13,359 15,175 21.2 26.6 23.1 8.3 7.2 7.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 18.3 24.1 23.4 29.7 20.3 26.0
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/ 12,830 16,148 17,848 21.0 34.4 33.6 7.3 7.1 13.4 1.5 2.5 4.5 18.5 23.5 30.4 38.4 26.2 41.0
City of Cebu 1/, 2/ 13,035 16,912 18,529 10.3 16.1 10.1 11.2 9.0 10.3 1.2 1.5 1.0 8.4 12.2 13.7 18.5 8.4 11.8
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/ 13,058 16,912 18,512 7.7 12.7 10.6 12.9 10.2 11.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 6.1 9.3 10.6 14.8 8.6 12.5
City of Mandaue 12,855 16,912 18,605 9.5 12.3 9.7 11.5 9.0 12.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 7.7 11.3 10.5 14.1 7.7 11.7
Negros Oriental 12,440 12,782 15,127 26.3 28.1 22.2 8.3 7.8 9.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 22.7 29.9 24.5 31.6 18.6 25.8
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 12,463 12,515 14,682 10.0 4.3 4.6 15.8 24.8 22.0 1.6 1.1 1.0 7.4 12.6 2.6 6.1 2.9 6.2

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 12,195 13,550 15,476 30.4 28.9 26.1 3.4 3.8 4.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 28.7 32.1 27.2 30.7 24.3 27.8
Biliran 2/ 12,039 14,348 14,325 18.0 22.4 13.2 7.9 7.8 8.6 1.4 1.7 1.1 15.7 20.4 19.5 25.3 11.3 15.1
Eastern Samar 1/ 14,112 14,523 15,896 43.0 36.0 35.6 5.0 6.5 6.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 39.4 46.5 32.1 39.8 31.8 39.4
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 11,711 13,478 16,113 31.3 31.3 23.8 6.8 7.4 8.2 2.1 2.3 2.0 27.8 34.8 27.5 35.1 20.6 27.0
City of Tacloban 11,863 14,133 16,399 13.1 14.7 13.2 9.5 9.5 9.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 11.1 15.2 12.4 17.0 11.2 15.3
Northern Samar 1/ 12,662 13,173 15,021 30.0 23.1 27.5 6.6 6.9 9.2 2.0 1.6 2.5 26.7 33.3 20.5 25.8 23.3 31.7
Southern Leyte 2/ 12,691 14,505 15,896 22.9 25.5 16.6 7.2 6.3 9.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 20.2 25.6 22.8 28.1 13.9 19.3
Samar 11,243 12,593 14,310 32.2 30.0 35.8 6.6 6.6 7.7 2.1 2.0 2.8 28.8 35.7 26.8 33.3 31.2 40.3

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 12,424 14,467 16,286 32.4 30.9 29.7 3.4 3.5 3.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 30.6 34.3 29.1 32.7 27.8 31.6
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 13,654 17,125 18,387 41.5 53.6 38.9 5.9 4.7 7.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 37.5 45.5 49.4 57.7 34.2 43.5
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 2/ 11,687 12,067 15,839 35.8 29.7 40.3 6.8 8.3 5.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 31.8 39.8 25.6 33.8 36.4 44.2
City of Zamboanga 1/ 12,200 12,525 16,399 12.3 7.9 11.5 9.7 13.7 13.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 10.3 14.2 6.1 9.7 9.0 13.9
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/ 11,446 12,315 12,907 36.1 29.7 26.9 7.1 6.4 6.9 2.5 1.9 1.9 31.9 40.2 26.5 32.8 23.8 30.0
Isabela City 1/ 12,709 12,033 14,571 53.1 23.7 18.6 6.1 10.8 15.3 3.2 2.6 2.9 47.9 58.4 19.5 27.9 13.9 23.3

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 12,259 14,302 16,542 25.6 26.2 24.8 3.1 3.8 3.4 0.8 1.0 0.9 24.3 26.9 24.5 27.8 23.4 26.2
Bukidnon 12,696 14,362 16,063 32.3 32.8 28.0 6.2 7.7 7.2 2.0 2.5 2.0 29.0 35.6 28.6 37.0 24.7 31.3
Camiguin 1/, 2/ 12,762 14,165 15,767 23.8 17.7 10.6 8.6 7.6 11.8 2.1 1.4 1.3 20.4 27.2 15.5 19.9 8.5 12.7
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 11,993 14,051 15,911 25.5 39.1 37.8 7.6 7.5 7.1 1.9 2.9 2.7 22.3 28.7 34.3 43.9 33.4 42.2
City of Iligan 12,341 14,666 16,447 19.9 17.0 16.9 9.7 9.0 9.3 1.9 1.5 1.6 16.7 23.1 14.5 19.6 14.3 19.5
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 12,036 14,939 17,436 32.7 23.3 29.2 6.3 8.2 6.5 2.1 1.9 1.9 29.3 36.0 20.2 26.5 26.0 32.3
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 11,835 13,973 17,056 25.2 25.3 23.1 6.0 7.2 7.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 22.7 27.6 22.4 28.3 20.4 25.8
City of Cagayan De Oro 12,039 14,369 17,614 11.0 11.6 12.3 9.8 9.8 11.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 9.2 12.8 9.7 13.5 10.0 14.6

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 7

Table 1a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 12,718 13,324 15,278 17.8 14.0 20.4 4.0 4.4 16.9 0.7 0.6 3.4 16.6 19.0 13.0 15.0 14.7 26.0
Davao del Norte 12,725 13,545 15,318 14.5 13.6 14.5 10.3 10.4 13.8 1.5 1.4 2.0 12.1 17.0 11.3 15.9 11.2 17.7
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 1/ 12,808 13,203 14,543 18.7 13.2 14.5 7.9 10.9 9.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 16.3 21.1 10.8 15.5 12.2 16.8
City of Davao c/ 12,994 13,510 14,890 7.8 6.0 21.7 18.5 14.5 39.6 1.4 0.9 8.6 5.4 10.1 4.6 7.4 7.5 35.8
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 12,636 13,788 17,165 32.6 24.5 38.9 6.6 8.8 5.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 29.1 36.1 20.9 28.0 35.1 42.6
Davao de Oro 2/ 12,532 12,942 14,716 26.0 21.8 14.3 6.7 8.2 9.2 1.7 1.8 1.3 23.1 28.8 18.8 24.7 12.1 16.4
Davao Occidental 2/ 12,669 12,834 13,844 37.7 31.7 24.4 6.5 8.4 9.8 2.4 2.7 2.4 33.7 41.8 27.3 36.0 20.5 28.3

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 12,082 13,298 14,685 27.2 27.1 22.9 3.7 3.8 4.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 25.6 28.9 25.4 28.8 21.1 24.7
Cotabato 11,784 13,894 15,430 25.5 27.9 25.2 8.3 8.4 9.6 2.1 2.3 2.4 22.0 29.0 24.1 31.8 21.2 29.1
Sarangani 2/ 11,139 12,238 13,865 40.8 42.1 30.3 7.4 5.9 9.1 3.0 2.5 2.8 35.9 45.7 38.0 46.1 25.7 34.8
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 12,454 12,284 14,296 21.4 22.6 17.3 11.0 9.9 11.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 17.5 25.2 18.9 26.2 14.1 20.5
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/ 12,657 12,617 14,550 15.2 15.5 8.8 9.7 7.8 12.7 1.5 1.2 1.1 12.8 17.7 13.5 17.5 6.9 10.6
Sultan Kudarat 1/, 2/ 11,566 12,621 14,572 32.6 25.8 33.3 7.1 9.3 8.3 2.3 2.4 2.8 28.8 36.4 21.9 29.8 28.8 37.9

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 12,346 13,613 14,576 28.3 31.0 20.8 3.2 3.0 4.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 26.8 29.8 29.5 32.5 19.3 22.4
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 11,258 13,551 14,447 26.4 29.1 24.7 7.3 6.2 8.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 23.3 29.6 26.1 32.0 21.5 28.0
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 11,504 14,220 14,645 19.5 26.5 16.9 9.4 7.2 10.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 16.4 22.5 23.4 29.7 14.0 19.7
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 12,136 13,957 14,347 32.6 39.6 25.9 6.7 5.6 7.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 29.0 36.2 36.0 43.3 22.8 29.0
Surigao del Norte 2/ 13,799 13,106 14,716 32.4 27.4 12.5 6.7 7.8 10.4 2.2 2.1 1.3 28.8 36.0 23.8 30.9 10.4 14.7
Surigao del Sur 2/ 11,969 13,000 14,273 23.9 27.9 20.1 7.4 7.4 15.1 1.8 2.1 3.0 21.0 26.8 24.5 31.3 15.1 25.1
Dinagat Islands 13,177 14,380 16,780 36.7 30.3 30.7 6.8 7.6 7.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 32.6 40.8 26.6 34.1 27.0 34.5

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 13,599 14,126 15,179 55.9 39.4 34.8 2.4 3.6 3.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 53.7 58.1 37.1 41.8 33.1 36.5
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
1/
Basilan 12,715 13,731 15,187 65.5 46.7 46.9 3.4 5.8 5.2 2.2 2.7 2.4 61.8 69.1 42.2 51.1 42.9 50.9
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 14,786 14,627 16,481 68.0 11.4 21.6 3.2 12.0 8.3 2.2 1.4 1.8 64.5 71.6 9.1 13.6 18.7 24.5
Maguindanao 1/ 12,765 12,844 13,735 48.6 37.1 41.2 6.6 7.8 4.7 3.2 2.9 1.9 43.4 53.8 32.4 41.9 38.0 44.4
Sulu 2/ 13,929 15,363 14,755 66.7 71.9 22.6 3.3 4.2 9.4 2.2 3.0 2.1 63.0 70.3 67.0 76.8 19.1 26.1
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 9,881 13,333 15,642 17.7 39.5 50.5 8.9 8.5 6.6 1.6 3.4 3.3 15.1 20.3 34.0 45.1 45.0 56.0
Cotabato City 14,722 16,749 18,934 42.0 42.0 43.3 5.8 5.5 7.0 2.4 2.3 3.0 38.1 46.0 38.2 45.8 38.3 48.2
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabatoand Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 8

p
Table 2. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
Frist Semester Poverty Incidence among Population
First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 12,638 14,498 16,557 21.1 23.7 22.4 1.1 1.1 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 20.7 21.4 23.3 24.1 21.7 23.0

1/, 2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 14,102 16,625 18,704 6.6 7.8 5.1 5.6 4.5 6.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 6.0 7.2 7.2 8.4 4.5 5.6
1st District 1/, a/, b/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 7.5 3.5 5.4 20.6 21.9 20.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 5.0 10.0 2.2 4.7 3.6 7.2
2nd District 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 5.0 6.2 3.9 13.5 9.9 14.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 3.9 6.1 5.2 7.2 3.0 4.8
3rd District 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 10.1 11.3 7.2 6.3 6.9 10.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 9.1 11.2 10.0 12.5 6.0 8.4
4th District 1/, 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 5.5 9.3 4.8 6.9 6.5 8.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 4.9 6.1 8.3 10.3 4.2 5.5

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 2/ 12,358 14,023 15,912 17.9 16.2 13.9 4.0 4.2 5.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 16.7 19.1 15.1 17.3 12.6 15.1
Abra 1/ 12,406 14,321 16,656 34.5 28.1 26.9 5.8 8.0 9.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 31.2 37.8 24.4 31.8 22.6 31.2
Apayao 1/, 2/, c/ 11,523 12,797 14,268 27.1 16.3 7.7 11.7 17.0 24.1 3.2 2.8 1.9 21.9 32.3 11.8 20.9 4.7 10.8
Benguet 11,837 13,476 15,530 8.5 10.1 9.7 10.4 8.1 11.4 0.9 0.8 1.1 7.1 10.0 8.8 11.5 7.8 11.5
Ifugao 12,948 14,432 15,005 21.5 16.9 15.5 11.1 13.4 9.8 2.4 2.3 1.5 17.6 25.4 13.2 20.6 13.0 18.0
Kalinga 2/ 11,851 12,920 14,540 15.8 15.8 10.0 10.7 11.7 16.0 1.7 1.8 1.6 13.0 18.5 12.8 18.8 7.3 12.6
Mt. Province 13,366 15,610 17,402 32.5 30.3 25.1 7.9 8.4 12.9 2.6 2.6 3.2 28.3 36.7 26.1 34.5 19.7 30.4

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 12,837 15,470 16,839 11.7 20.2 18.7 7.9 5.3 8.1 0.9 1.1 1.5 10.2 13.3 18.4 22.0 16.2 21.2
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 12,776 15,566 17,134 7.7 9.0 0.9 15.0 16.7 39.0 1.1 1.5 0.4 5.8 9.5 6.5 11.4 0.3 1.6
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 11,963 16,332 17,184 11.3 22.5 12.8 10.9 7.9 11.0 1.2 1.8 1.4 9.3 13.3 19.6 25.4 10.5 15.0
La Union 1/ 10,881 13,812 16,426 5.2 13.9 16.4 19.4 9.6 11.1 1.0 1.3 1.8 3.6 6.9 11.7 16.1 13.4 19.4
Pangasinan 1/ 13,191 15,534 16,870 14.4 23.6 24.1 10.5 7.2 9.9 1.5 1.7 2.4 11.9 16.9 20.8 26.4 20.2 28.0

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 12,182 14,226 15,750 19.3 20.9 16.2 5.3 5.9 8.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 17.6 21.0 18.9 22.9 13.9 18.4
Batanes 1/, b/ 19,333 17,774 17,970 16.4 9.7 12.5 12.8 21.6 19.3 2.1 2.1 2.4 12.9 19.8 6.2 13.1 8.5 16.4
c/
Cagayan 12,215 13,714 14,407 17.8 16.5 11.5 8.7 11.2 28.1 1.6 1.8 3.2 15.2 20.3 13.5 19.6 6.2 16.8
Isabela 1/, 2/ 12,233 14,787 16,869 20.2 26.1 19.5 8.8 8.1 9.4 1.8 2.1 1.8 17.3 23.2 22.6 29.5 16.5 22.5
Nueva Vizcaya 12,001 12,611 13,934 22.4 17.2 16.7 9.4 12.3 10.9 2.1 2.1 1.8 19.0 25.9 13.7 20.7 13.7 19.7
Quirino 11,239 13,880 14,845 14.0 15.2 16.7 11.2 10.1 14.1 1.6 1.5 2.4 11.4 16.6 12.6 17.7 12.8 20.5

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 12,976 16,226 19,088 10.4 18.2 15.7 5.0 4.1 5.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 9.5 11.2 17.0 19.4 14.3 17.1
Aurora 1/ 12,079 15,053 16,133 21.4 30.2 25.9 9.3 8.2 9.6 2.0 2.5 2.5 18.1 24.7 26.2 34.3 21.8 30.0
Bataan 14,522 14,776 17,212 14.2 16.0 13.7 10.0 8.2 11.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 11.9 16.6 13.8 18.2 11.2 16.2
Bulacan 1/ 12,647 17,537 20,652 7.1 19.8 21.1 15.5 8.2 10.4 1.1 1.6 2.2 5.3 8.9 17.2 22.5 17.5 24.7
Nueva Ecija 1/ 12,354 14,766 17,445 13.5 21.8 17.5 10.0 9.9 11.6 1.3 2.2 2.0 11.3 15.7 18.2 25.3 14.2 20.9
Pampanga 1/, 2/, a/ 12,912 16,883 19,059 5.1 9.8 5.4 20.2 11.9 13.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 3.4 6.8 7.9 11.7 4.2 6.6
Tarlac 1/ 11,994 14,612 17,773 13.2 17.8 13.4 9.2 8.3 12.4 1.2 1.5 1.7 11.2 15.2 15.3 20.2 10.7 16.2
Zambales 1/ 14,734 17,411 19,644 21.6 29.1 25.2 7.5 5.4 6.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 19.0 24.3 26.5 31.7 22.7 27.8

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 9

p
Table 2. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
Frist Semester Poverty Incidence among Population
First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 13,669 15,604 18,389 10.5 14.8 13.5 5.7 5.1 4.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 9.5 11.5 13.5 16.0 12.4 14.6
Batangas 1/ 15,854 15,382 17,127 16.6 9.7 11.7 9.2 13.6 11.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 14.1 19.1 7.6 11.9 9.4 13.9
Cavite 1/ 14,462 17,907 20,680 8.1 15.4 12.9 13.1 10.6 10.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 6.4 9.8 12.7 18.1 10.7 15.0
Laguna 1/ 11,471 15,228 19,083 7.2 14.1 13.2 17.3 12.6 11.3 1.2 1.8 1.5 5.1 9.2 11.2 17.0 10.8 15.7
Quezon 1/, 2/ 11,383 13,586 14,900 16.9 28.5 18.2 11.8 7.9 9.2 2.0 2.3 1.7 13.6 20.2 24.8 32.3 15.5 21.0
Rizal 13,951 15,707 19,118 6.7 9.8 13.0 15.3 14.7 10.7 1.0 1.5 1.4 5.0 8.3 7.5 12.2 10.7 15.3

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 11,472 13,054 15,277 20.5 25.7 26.9 4.5 4.2 4.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 19.0 22.1 24.0 27.5 24.9 28.8
Marinduque 11,672 13,658 15,609 20.0 25.4 21.0 9.0 8.3 8.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 17.0 22.9 21.9 28.8 18.0 24.1
Occidental Mindoro 10,610 13,409 14,257 29.1 32.0 27.3 9.0 7.8 12.3 2.6 2.5 3.4 24.8 33.4 27.9 36.1 21.8 32.9
Oriental Mindoro 12,136 13,390 15,663 17.4 23.1 26.8 10.0 10.0 9.1 1.8 2.3 2.4 14.6 20.3 19.3 26.8 22.8 30.8
Palawan 1/ 11,348 12,045 14,923 16.2 21.4 25.3 9.7 8.4 7.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 13.6 18.8 18.4 24.4 22.1 28.4
Romblon 1/ 11,869 13,863 16,567 32.7 40.9 37.5 6.9 5.3 5.9 2.3 2.2 2.2 29.0 36.5 37.3 44.5 33.9 41.2

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 11,975 13,873 16,349 28.1 33.5 32.9 3.4 3.5 3.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 26.5 29.6 31.6 35.4 31.0 34.8
2/
Albay 12,258 13,691 17,348 21.9 25.1 32.6 7.7 8.7 5.8 1.7 2.2 1.9 19.1 24.7 21.5 28.7 29.5 35.7
Camarines Norte 12,147 14,083 16,723 32.6 27.3 27.8 6.1 6.8 6.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 29.3 35.8 24.2 30.4 24.9 30.6
Camarines Sur 1/ 11,599 14,378 16,771 25.9 42.2 35.5 8.1 6.5 7.9 2.1 2.7 2.8 22.5 29.4 37.7 46.7 30.9 40.1
Catanduanes 2/ 12,152 13,915 15,721 24.7 23.8 33.3 7.9 8.1 6.2 2.0 1.9 2.1 21.5 27.9 20.6 26.9 29.9 36.7
Masbate 2/ 11,289 12,645 14,044 36.9 32.7 25.6 6.6 6.7 8.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 32.8 40.9 29.1 36.3 22.0 29.2
Sorsogon 13,131 13,744 15,677 31.4 35.2 38.5 6.4 6.6 6.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 28.1 34.7 31.4 39.0 34.6 42.5

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 11,964 13,519 17,048 20.9 25.3 26.0 4.6 4.2 4.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 19.4 22.5 23.6 27.0 24.0 28.0
2/
Aklan 12,079 13,542 14,672 19.8 24.9 8.6 9.8 8.3 13.0 1.9 2.1 1.1 16.6 23.0 21.5 28.3 6.7 10.4
Antique 11,704 13,249 16,227 24.8 26.8 22.7 9.4 8.7 16.5 2.3 2.3 3.8 21.0 28.6 23.0 30.6 16.6 28.9
Capiz 1/, 2/ 10,982 13,339 16,395 8.0 14.1 19.8 12.5 11.8 9.9 1.0 1.7 2.0 6.3 9.6 11.4 16.9 16.6 23.0
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 12,623 13,863 14,885 16.3 25.7 13.1 12.2 9.6 16.7 2.0 2.5 2.2 13.0 19.5 21.6 29.8 9.5 16.7
Iloilo 12,617 14,125 16,763 21.0 24.4 22.9 7.1 7.6 7.9 1.5 1.9 1.8 18.6 23.5 21.3 27.4 19.9 25.8
Negros Occidental 2/ 11,600 13,158 17,557 23.8 28.6 34.8 8.1 7.1 6.8 1.9 2.0 2.4 20.7 27.0 25.3 32.0 30.9 38.7

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 12,724 15,174 17,044 24.3 33.0 31.0 4.0 3.9 9.5 1.0 1.3 2.9 22.7 25.9 30.9 35.2 26.2 35.9
Bohol 1/ 12,624 13,359 15,175 26.1 33.1 29.8 8.2 6.7 7.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 22.5 29.6 29.4 36.8 26.2 33.5
Cebu 1/ 12,881 16,312 17,958 21.6 33.5 32.5 5.6 5.3 13.2 1.2 1.8 4.3 19.7 23.6 30.6 36.4 25.4 39.6
Negros Oriental 12,440 12,782 15,127 32.7 33.3 28.6 7.8 7.8 9.2 2.5 2.6 2.6 28.5 36.9 29.0 37.6 24.3 33.0
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 12,463 12,515 14,682 13.4 5.8 6.3 15.0 24.8 21.1 2.0 1.5 1.3 10.1 16.7 3.5 8.2 4.1 8.4

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 10

p
Table 2. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
Frist Semester Poverty Incidence among Population
First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 12,195 13,550 15,476 37.3 36.0 33.7 3.1 3.5 3.7 1.2 1.3 1.2 35.4 39.2 33.9 38.0 31.7 35.7
Biliran 1/, 2/ 12,039 14,348 14,325 24.9 30.7 19.7 7.2 7.1 8.0 1.8 2.2 1.6 21.9 27.8 27.1 34.3 17.1 22.2
Eastern Samar 1/ 14,112 14,523 15,896 52.1 43.1 44.9 4.6 6.0 5.7 2.4 2.6 2.6 48.1 56.0 38.9 47.4 40.7 49.1
Leyte 2/ 11,720 13,522 16,136 35.7 36.8 29.8 6.0 6.7 7.1 2.1 2.5 2.1 32.2 39.2 32.8 40.9 26.3 33.3
Northern Samar 12,662 13,173 15,021 36.6 31.0 36.2 6.0 6.8 8.7 2.2 2.1 3.2 33.0 40.2 27.5 34.4 31.0 41.4
Southern Leyte 2/ 12,691 14,505 15,896 29.4 31.7 23.8 7.1 6.2 8.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 26.0 32.8 28.5 35.0 20.6 27.0
Samar 11,243 12,593 14,310 39.9 37.0 43.5 6.5 5.9 6.9 2.6 2.2 3.0 35.6 44.2 33.4 40.6 38.6 48.5

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 12,424 14,467 16,286 39.9 37.4 38.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 37.8 42.0 35.4 39.4 36.0 40.3
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 13,654 17,125 18,387 49.5 62.1 49.2 5.5 4.0 6.4 2.7 2.5 3.1 45.1 53.9 58.0 66.2 44.0 54.3
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 11,822 12,173 15,973 31.8 24.7 34.1 5.4 6.6 4.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 28.9 34.6 22.0 27.4 31.3 36.9
Zamboanga Sibugay 11,446 12,315 12,907 44.3 37.2 34.8 6.8 6.2 6.2 3.0 2.3 2.2 39.3 49.2 33.4 41.0 31.3 38.4
Isabela City 1/ 12,709 12,033 14,571 62.4 28.5 27.2 5.2 10.5 13.3 3.3 3.0 3.6 57.1 67.8 23.6 33.4 21.2 33.2

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 12,259 14,302 16,542 32.0 33.8 32.8 3.0 3.5 3.3 0.9 1.2 1.1 30.4 33.5 31.9 35.7 31.0 34.5
Bukidnon 12,696 14,362 16,063 38.1 39.7 35.6 5.9 7.3 7.0 2.3 2.9 2.5 34.4 41.9 34.9 44.4 31.5 39.7
Camiguin 2/ 12,762 14,165 15,767 30.1 24.5 15.7 7.7 7.3 11.6 2.3 1.8 1.8 26.3 33.9 21.5 27.4 12.7 18.6
Lanao del Norte 1/ 12,088 14,163 16,006 29.9 40.3 39.5 5.5 5.6 5.4 1.7 2.3 2.1 27.2 32.7 36.6 44.0 36.0 43.0
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 12,036 14,939 17,436 41.7 30.8 37.7 5.9 7.7 5.9 2.4 2.4 2.2 37.7 45.7 26.9 34.7 34.0 41.4
Misamis Oriental 11,891 14,089 17,225 24.2 26.0 25.1 5.1 5.6 5.8 1.2 1.5 1.5 22.2 26.2 23.6 28.4 22.7 27.5

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 12,718 13,324 15,278 23.8 19.4 27.2 4.0 4.1 15.0 0.9 0.8 4.1 22.2 25.3 18.0 20.7 20.5 33.9
Davao del Norte 12,725 13,545 15,318 18.9 17.9 19.9 10.4 10.2 13.6 2.0 1.8 2.7 15.7 22.1 14.9 20.9 15.5 24.4
c/
Davao del Sur 12,909 13,377 14,821 15.0 11.4 26.6 10.1 9.3 31.3 1.5 1.1 8.3 12.5 17.5 9.7 13.2 12.9 40.4
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 12,636 13,788 17,165 42.0 32.7 48.6 6.2 7.8 5.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 37.7 46.3 28.5 37.0 44.4 52.8
Davao de Oro 2/ 12,532 12,942 14,716 32.5 27.9 19.5 6.9 8.1 8.8 2.2 2.3 1.7 28.9 36.2 24.2 31.6 16.6 22.3
Davao Occidental 12,669 12,834 13,844 47.3 40.1 32.8 5.9 7.6 9.2 2.8 3.1 3.0 42.8 51.9 35.0 45.1 27.8 37.7

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 12,082 13,298 14,685 33.6 34.2 30.0 3.5 3.6 4.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 31.7 35.6 32.1 36.2 27.8 32.2
Cotabato 11,784 13,894 15,430 31.9 36.3 32.5 7.7 7.8 8.8 2.5 2.8 2.9 27.9 36.0 31.7 41.0 27.8 37.2
Sarangani 2/ 11,139 12,238 13,865 47.2 49.6 37.7 6.7 5.4 8.4 3.2 2.7 3.2 42.0 52.5 45.2 53.9 32.5 42.9
South Cotabato 2/ 12,521 12,393 14,361 24.6 24.9 19.0 7.7 7.1 8.3 1.9 1.8 1.6 21.5 27.7 22.0 27.8 16.4 21.6
2/
Sultan Kudarat 11,566 12,621 14,572 39.1 31.8 42.2 6.9 8.8 7.7 2.7 2.8 3.2 34.7 43.5 27.2 36.4 36.9 47.5

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 11

p
Table 2. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023
Frist Semester Poverty Incidence among Population
First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 12,346 13,613 14,576 35.3 38.3 28.1 2.9 2.8 4.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 33.6 36.9 36.6 40.1 26.2 30.0
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 11,363 13,860 14,529 29.1 34.9 27.1 5.5 4.3 5.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 26.5 31.7 32.5 37.4 24.4 29.7
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 12,136 13,957 14,347 40.7 48.3 35.2 6.1 5.1 6.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 36.6 44.8 44.3 52.3 31.5 39.0
Surigao del Norte 2/ 13,799 13,106 14,716 39.5 33.5 17.7 6.1 7.2 10.3 2.4 2.4 1.8 35.5 43.5 29.6 37.5 14.7 20.7
Surigao del Sur 11,969 13,000 14,273 30.9 34.9 28.0 6.5 7.0 12.3 2.0 2.4 3.5 27.6 34.1 30.9 38.9 22.4 33.7
Dinagat Islands 13,177 14,380 16,780 43.1 37.1 37.8 7.0 7.2 7.1 3.0 2.7 2.7 38.2 48.0 32.7 41.5 33.4 42.2

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 13,599 14,126 15,179 63.2 45.8 44.8 2.2 3.3 2.6 1.4 1.5 1.1 60.9 65.5 43.3 48.3 42.9 46.7
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 12,715 13,731 15,187 72.3 57.6 59.3 3.0 4.7 4.0 2.2 2.7 2.4 68.7 75.9 53.1 62.1 55.4 63.2
1/, 2/
Lanao del Sur 14,786 14,627 16,481 73.8 15.2 29.6 2.7 10.4 7.4 2.0 1.6 2.2 70.6 77.0 12.6 17.9 26.0 33.2
Maguindanao 1/, 2/ 12,765 12,844 13,735 55.8 44.3 53.0 6.1 7.3 3.8 3.4 3.2 2.0 50.2 61.4 39.0 49.6 49.7 56.4
Sulu 2/ 13,929 15,363 14,755 74.8 80.4 33.5 2.6 3.0 8.0 2.0 2.4 2.7 71.6 78.1 76.4 84.4 29.1 37.9
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 9,881 13,333 15,642 24.0 47.4 60.2 7.9 7.4 5.5 1.9 3.5 3.3 20.9 27.1 41.7 53.1 54.8 65.7
Cotabato City 14,722 16,749 18,934 48.5 49.9 54.2 5.3 4.7 5.5 2.6 2.4 3.0 44.3 52.7 46.1 53.8 49.2 59.1
Notes:

1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).

3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 poverty incidence among population is greater than 20%.

b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 poverty incidence among population is greater than 20%.

c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 poverty incidence among population is greater than 20%.

p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 12

p
Table 2a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 12,638 14,498 16,557 21.1 23.7 22.4 1.1 1.1 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 20.7 21.4 23.3 24.1 21.7 23.0

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 6.6 7.8 5.1 5.6 4.5 6.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 6.0 7.2 7.2 8.4 4.5 5.6
1st District
City of Manila 1/, a/, b/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 7.5 3.5 5.4 20.6 21.9 20.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 5.0 10.0 2.2 4.7 3.6 7.2
2nd District
a/, b/, c/
City of Mandaluyong 14,102 16,625 18,704 2.2 2.0 1.0 32.7 25.3 40.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.0 3.4 1.2 2.9 0.3 1.7
City of Marikina 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.8 4.7 3.3 13.9 16.4 18.3 0.7 0.8 0.6 3.7 5.9 3.5 6.0 2.3 4.3
City of Pasig 1/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 5.1 8.1 6.5 16.4 13.7 17.6 0.8 1.1 1.2 3.7 6.5 6.2 9.9 4.6 8.4
Quezon City 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 5.4 6.8 3.8 19.1 13.8 22.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 3.7 7.2 5.2 8.3 2.4 5.2
City of San Juan a/, b/, d/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 2.9 0.8 0.0 39.2 97.3 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.0 1.0 4.7 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 9.9 13.1 7.4 10.4 9.8 16.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 8.2 11.6 11.0 15.2 5.3 9.4
City of Malabon 14,102 16,625 18,704 11.0 9.0 7.2 8.8 11.0 12.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 9.4 12.6 7.4 10.6 5.7 8.7
City of Navotas 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 13.8 14.2 10.0 8.6 9.8 10.0 1.2 1.4 1.0 11.8 15.7 11.9 16.4 8.4 11.7
City of Valenzuela 14,102 16,625 18,704 8.9 6.9 5.7 10.6 11.6 13.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 7.3 10.4 5.6 8.2 4.5 7.0
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 6.1 8.4 2.8 14.9 14.0 26.0 0.9 1.2 0.7 4.6 7.6 6.4 10.3 1.6 4.0
City of Makati 1/, a/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 1.5 3.8 4.8 30.8 18.6 25.2 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.8 2.3 2.6 5.0 2.8 6.8
City of Muntinlupa 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 8.2 10.4 1.2 14.3 16.5 32.4 1.2 1.7 0.4 6.3 10.1 7.6 13.2 0.6 1.9
2/, c/
City of Parañaque 14,102 16,625 18,704 6.5 7.6 4.0 16.3 14.5 24.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 4.8 8.2 5.8 9.4 2.4 5.5
Pasay City 2/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 8.0 10.3 2.8 12.1 13.7 28.8 1.0 1.4 0.8 6.4 9.6 7.9 12.6 1.5 4.1
Pateros a/, b/, c/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 6.0 10.4 5.9 28.4 23.6 24.2 1.7 2.5 1.4 3.2 8.8 6.4 14.4 3.5 8.2
City of Taguig 1/, 2/ 14,102 16,625 18,704 4.1 13.6 9.4 19.7 11.7 11.4 0.8 1.6 1.1 2.8 5.5 11.0 16.2 7.6 11.1

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 2/ 12,358 14,023 15,912 17.9 16.2 13.9 4.0 4.2 5.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 16.7 19.1 15.1 17.3 12.6 15.1
Abra 1/ 12,406 14,321 16,656 34.5 28.1 26.9 5.8 8.0 9.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 31.2 37.8 24.4 31.8 22.6 31.2
Apayao 1/, 2/, c/ 11,523 12,797 14,268 27.1 16.3 7.7 11.7 17.0 24.1 3.2 2.8 1.9 21.9 32.3 11.8 20.9 4.7 10.8
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 11,785 13,404 15,455 12.2 14.1 14.1 12.1 9.5 12.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 9.7 14.6 11.9 16.3 11.1 17.0
City of Baguio, c/ 12,050 13,759 15,924 3.8 4.8 3.7 18.2 15.3 21.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 2.7 5.0 3.6 6.0 2.4 4.9
Ifugao 12,948 14,432 15,005 21.5 16.9 15.5 11.1 13.4 9.8 2.4 2.3 1.5 17.6 25.4 13.2 20.6 13.0 18.0
Kalinga 2/ 11,851 12,920 14,540 15.8 15.8 10.0 10.7 11.7 16.0 1.7 1.8 1.6 13.0 18.5 12.8 18.8 7.3 12.6
Mt. Province 13,366 15,610 17,402 32.5 30.3 25.1 7.9 8.4 12.9 2.6 2.6 3.2 28.3 36.7 26.1 34.5 19.7 30.4

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 12,837 15,470 16,839 11.7 20.2 18.7 7.9 5.3 8.1 0.9 1.1 1.5 10.2 13.3 18.4 22.0 16.2 21.2
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 12,776 15,566 17,134 7.7 9.0 0.9 15.0 16.7 39.0 1.1 1.5 0.4 5.8 9.5 6.5 11.4 0.3 1.6
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 11,963 16,332 17,184 11.3 22.5 12.8 10.9 7.9 11.0 1.2 1.8 1.4 9.3 13.3 19.6 25.4 10.5 15.0
La Union 1/ 10,881 13,812 16,426 5.2 13.9 16.4 19.4 9.6 11.1 1.0 1.3 1.8 3.6 6.9 11.7 16.1 13.4 19.4
Pangasinan 1/ 13,191 15,534 16,870 14.4 23.6 24.1 10.5 7.2 9.9 1.5 1.7 2.4 11.9 16.9 20.8 26.4 20.2 28.0

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 13

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Table 2a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 12,182 14,226 15,750 19.3 20.9 16.2 5.3 5.9 8.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 17.6 21.0 18.9 22.9 13.9 18.4
Batanes 1/, b/ 19,333 17,774 17,970 16.4 9.7 12.5 12.8 21.6 19.3 2.1 2.1 2.4 12.9 19.8 6.2 13.1 8.5 16.4
Cagayan c/ 12,215 13,714 14,407 17.8 16.5 11.5 8.7 11.2 28.1 1.6 1.8 3.2 15.2 20.3 13.5 19.6 6.2 16.8
Isabela 1/, 2/ 12,233 14,787 16,869 20.2 26.1 19.5 8.8 8.1 9.4 1.8 2.1 1.8 17.3 23.2 22.6 29.5 16.5 22.5
Nueva Vizcaya 12,001 12,611 13,934 22.4 17.2 16.7 9.4 12.3 10.9 2.1 2.1 1.8 19.0 25.9 13.7 20.7 13.7 19.7
Quirino 11,239 13,880 14,845 14.0 15.2 16.7 11.2 10.1 14.1 1.6 1.5 2.4 11.4 16.6 12.6 17.7 12.8 20.5

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 12,976 16,226 19,088 10.4 18.2 15.7 5.0 4.1 5.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 9.5 11.2 17.0 19.4 14.3 17.1
Aurora 1/ 12,079 15,053 16,133 21.4 30.2 25.9 9.3 8.2 9.6 2.0 2.5 2.5 18.1 24.7 26.2 34.3 21.8 30.0
Bataan 14,522 14,776 17,212 14.2 16.0 13.7 10.0 8.2 11.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 11.9 16.6 13.8 18.2 11.2 16.2
Bulacan 1/ 12,647 17,537 20,652 7.1 19.8 21.1 15.5 8.2 10.4 1.1 1.6 2.2 5.3 8.9 17.2 22.5 17.5 24.7
Nueva Ecija 1/ 12,354 14,766 17,445 13.5 21.8 17.5 10.0 9.9 11.6 1.3 2.2 2.0 11.3 15.7 18.2 25.3 14.2 20.9
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) 1/, 2/, a/ 12,888 16,843 19,015 5.5 10.1 5.8 22.3 13.8 14.8 1.2 1.4 0.9 3.5 7.5 7.8 12.4 4.4 7.2
City of Angeles 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 12,788 17,100 19,368 3.2 8.3 3.6 23.4 13.8 23.3 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.9 4.4 6.4 10.2 2.2 5.0
1/
Tarlac 11,994 14,612 17,773 13.2 17.8 13.4 9.2 8.3 12.4 1.2 1.5 1.7 11.2 15.2 15.3 20.2 10.7 16.2
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 1/ 14,671 17,309 19,489 25.2 32.8 28.4 8.7 6.3 6.8 2.2 2.1 1.9 21.6 28.8 29.4 36.2 25.2 31.6
City of Olongapo 1/ 15,071 17,883 20,380 12.3 19.1 16.5 10.6 8.4 10.9 1.3 1.6 1.8 10.2 14.4 16.5 21.7 13.5 19.5

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 13,669 15,604 18,389 10.5 14.8 13.5 5.7 5.1 4.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 9.5 11.5 13.5 16.0 12.4 14.6
1/
Batangas 15,854 15,382 17,127 16.6 9.7 11.7 9.2 13.6 11.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 14.1 19.1 7.6 11.9 9.4 13.9
Cavite 1/ 14,462 17,907 20,680 8.1 15.4 12.9 13.1 10.6 10.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 6.4 9.8 12.7 18.1 10.7 15.0
1/
Laguna 11,471 15,228 19,083 7.2 14.1 13.2 17.3 12.6 11.3 1.2 1.8 1.5 5.1 9.2 11.2 17.0 10.8 15.7
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/ 11,363 13,552 14,857 18.2 30.8 19.5 12.5 8.4 9.6 2.3 2.6 1.9 14.5 22.0 26.6 35.1 16.4 22.5
City of Lucena 1/ 11,707 14,161 15,472 8.1 12.8 9.9 16.0 14.7 14.6 1.3 1.9 1.5 5.9 10.2 9.7 15.9 7.6 12.3
Rizal 13,951 15,707 19,118 6.7 9.8 13.0 15.3 14.7 10.7 1.0 1.5 1.4 5.0 8.3 7.5 12.2 10.7 15.3

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 11,472 13,054 15,277 20.5 25.7 26.9 4.5 4.2 4.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 19.0 22.1 24.0 27.5 24.9 28.8
Marinduque 11,672 13,658 15,609 20.0 25.4 21.0 9.0 8.3 8.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 17.0 22.9 21.9 28.8 18.0 24.1
Occidental Mindoro 10,610 13,409 14,257 29.1 32.0 27.3 9.0 7.8 12.3 2.6 2.5 3.4 24.8 33.4 27.9 36.1 21.8 32.9
Oriental Mindoro 12,136 13,390 15,663 17.4 23.1 26.8 10.0 10.0 9.1 1.8 2.3 2.4 14.6 20.3 19.3 26.8 22.8 30.8
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 11,335 11,988 14,879 19.4 24.6 29.9 10.4 9.4 9.6 2.0 2.3 2.9 16.1 22.7 20.8 28.4 25.2 34.6
City of Puerto Princesa 1/ 11,503 12,463 15,344 5.6 11.0 10.1 16.6 14.1 13.8 0.9 1.6 1.4 4.1 7.2 8.5 13.6 7.8 12.4
Romblon 1/ 11,869 13,863 16,567 32.7 40.9 37.5 6.9 5.3 5.9 2.3 2.2 2.2 29.0 36.5 37.3 44.5 33.9 41.2

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 11,975 13,873 16,349 28.1 33.5 32.9 3.4 3.5 3.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 26.5 29.6 31.6 35.4 31.0 34.8
Albay 2/ 12,258 13,691 17,348 21.9 25.1 32.6 7.7 8.7 5.8 1.7 2.2 1.9 19.1 24.7 21.5 28.7 29.5 35.7
Camarines Norte 12,147 14,083 16,723 32.6 27.3 27.8 6.1 6.8 6.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 29.3 35.8 24.2 30.4 24.9 30.6
Camarines Sur 1/ 11,599 14,378 16,771 25.9 42.2 35.5 8.1 6.5 7.9 2.1 2.7 2.8 22.5 29.4 37.7 46.7 30.9 40.1
Catanduanes 2/ 12,152 13,915 15,721 24.7 23.8 33.3 7.9 8.1 6.2 2.0 1.9 2.1 21.5 27.9 20.6 26.9 29.9 36.7
Masbate 2/ 11,289 12,645 14,044 36.9 32.7 25.6 6.6 6.7 8.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 32.8 40.9 29.1 36.3 22.0 29.2
Sorsogon 13,131 13,744 15,677 31.4 35.2 38.5 6.4 6.6 6.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 28.1 34.7 31.4 39.0 34.6 42.5

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 14

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Table 2a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 11,964 13,519 17,048 20.9 25.3 26.0 4.6 4.2 4.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 19.4 22.5 23.6 27.0 24.0 28.0
Aklan 2/ 12,079 13,542 14,672 19.8 24.9 8.6 9.8 8.3 13.0 1.9 2.1 1.1 16.6 23.0 21.5 28.3 6.7 10.4
Antique 11,704 13,249 16,227 24.8 26.8 22.7 9.4 8.7 16.5 2.3 2.3 3.8 21.0 28.6 23.0 30.6 16.6 28.9
Capiz 1/, 2/ 10,982 13,339 16,395 8.0 14.1 19.8 12.5 11.8 9.9 1.0 1.7 2.0 6.3 9.6 11.4 16.9 16.6 23.0
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 12,623 13,863 14,885 16.3 25.7 13.1 12.2 9.6 16.7 2.0 2.5 2.2 13.0 19.5 21.6 29.8 9.5 16.7
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 12,593 14,056 16,707 24.4 27.3 26.0 7.4 8.2 8.6 1.8 2.3 2.2 21.5 27.4 23.6 31.0 22.3 29.6
1/
City of Iloilo 13,040 14,846 17,475 6.1 11.4 9.1 13.4 11.9 13.3 0.8 1.4 1.2 4.8 7.5 9.2 13.6 7.1 11.0
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 11,591 13,145 17,538 27.8 33.4 39.7 8.5 7.4 7.0 2.4 2.5 2.8 24.0 31.7 29.4 37.5 35.1 44.2
City of Bacolod 2/ 11,760 13,384 17,781 6.7 8.4 14.7 12.7 12.7 11.0 0.9 1.1 1.6 5.3 8.1 6.6 10.1 12.0 17.3

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 12,724 15,174 17,044 24.3 33.0 31.0 4.0 3.9 9.5 1.0 1.3 2.9 22.7 25.9 30.9 35.2 26.2 35.9
Bohol 1/ 12,624 13,359 15,175 26.1 33.1 29.8 8.2 6.7 7.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 22.5 29.6 29.4 36.8 26.2 33.5
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/ 12,830 16,148 17,848 26.5 41.0 42.4 6.8 6.4 11.6 1.8 2.6 4.9 23.6 29.5 36.6 45.3 34.3 50.5
City of Cebu 1/, 2/ 13,035 16,912 18,529 13.9 22.4 14.5 11.0 8.8 10.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 11.4 16.4 19.2 25.7 12.1 16.9
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/ 13,058 16,912 18,512 11.1 17.4 14.7 13.2 9.4 9.9 1.5 1.6 1.5 8.7 13.5 14.7 20.1 12.3 17.1
City of Mandaue 1/ 12,855 16,912 18,605 13.1 17.6 14.4 12.0 9.0 12.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 10.5 15.6 15.0 20.2 11.4 17.4
Negros Oriental 12,440 12,782 15,127 32.7 33.3 28.6 7.8 7.8 9.2 2.5 2.6 2.6 28.5 36.9 29.0 37.6 24.3 33.0
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 12,463 12,515 14,682 13.4 5.8 6.3 15.0 24.8 21.1 2.0 1.5 1.3 10.1 16.7 3.5 8.2 4.1 8.4
Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 12,195 13,550 15,476 37.3 36.0 33.7 3.1 3.5 3.7 1.2 1.3 1.2 35.4 39.2 33.9 38.0 31.7 35.7
Biliran 1/, 2/ 12,039 14,348 14,325 24.9 30.7 19.7 7.2 7.1 8.0 1.8 2.2 1.6 21.9 27.8 27.1 34.3 17.1 22.2
Eastern Samar 1/ 14,112 14,523 15,896 52.1 43.1 44.9 4.6 6.0 5.7 2.4 2.6 2.6 48.1 56.0 38.9 47.4 40.7 49.1
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 11,711 13,478 16,113 38.3 39.1 31.3 6.3 7.2 7.6 2.4 2.8 2.4 34.3 42.2 34.5 43.8 27.3 35.2
City of Tacloban 11,863 14,133 16,399 17.7 20.1 19.2 9.7 9.3 9.1 1.7 1.9 1.8 14.9 20.5 17.1 23.2 16.3 22.1
Northern Samar 12,662 13,173 15,021 36.6 31.0 36.2 6.0 6.8 8.7 2.2 2.1 3.2 33.0 40.2 27.5 34.4 31.0 41.4
Southern Leyte 2/ 12,691 14,505 15,896 29.4 31.7 23.8 7.1 6.2 8.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 26.0 32.8 28.5 35.0 20.6 27.0
Samar 11,243 12,593 14,310 39.9 37.0 43.5 6.5 5.9 6.9 2.6 2.2 3.0 35.6 44.2 33.4 40.6 38.6 48.5
Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 12,424 14,467 16,286 39.9 37.4 38.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 37.8 42.0 35.4 39.4 36.0 40.3
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 13,654 17,125 18,387 49.5 62.1 49.2 5.5 4.0 6.4 2.7 2.5 3.1 45.1 53.9 58.0 66.2 44.0 54.3
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 1/, 2/ 11,687 12,067 15,839 44.1 35.3 48.3 6.2 7.8 5.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 39.6 48.5 30.8 39.8 44.1 52.5
City of Zamboanga 1/, 2/ 12,200 12,525 16,399 17.8 12.4 17.6 9.5 12.4 11.9 1.7 1.5 2.1 15.1 20.6 9.8 14.9 14.1 21.0
Zamboanga Sibugay 11,446 12,315 12,907 44.3 37.2 34.8 6.8 6.2 6.2 3.0 2.3 2.2 39.3 49.2 33.4 41.0 31.3 38.4
Isabela City 1/ 12,709 12,033 14,571 62.4 28.5 27.2 5.2 10.5 13.3 3.3 3.0 3.6 57.1 67.8 23.6 33.4 21.2 33.2
Region X (Northern Mindanao) 12,259 14,302 16,542 32.0 33.8 32.8 3.0 3.5 3.3 0.9 1.2 1.1 30.4 33.5 31.9 35.7 31.0 34.5
Bukidnon 12,696 14,362 16,063 38.1 39.7 35.6 5.9 7.3 7.0 2.3 2.9 2.5 34.4 41.9 34.9 44.4 31.5 39.7
Camiguin 2/ 12,762 14,165 15,767 30.1 24.5 15.7 7.7 7.3 11.6 2.3 1.8 1.8 26.3 33.9 21.5 27.4 12.7 18.6
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 11,993 14,051 15,911 32.7 48.6 47.5 6.8 6.4 6.1 2.2 3.1 2.9 29.0 36.3 43.5 53.7 42.8 52.3
City of Iligan 12,341 14,666 16,447 24.5 22.9 22.2 9.3 8.3 8.5 2.3 1.9 1.9 20.7 28.3 19.7 26.0 19.1 25.3
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 12,036 14,939 17,436 41.7 30.8 37.7 5.9 7.7 5.9 2.4 2.4 2.2 37.7 45.7 26.9 34.7 34.0 41.4
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 11,835 13,973 17,056 31.3 32.7 31.2 5.9 6.8 6.7 1.8 2.2 2.1 28.3 34.4 29.1 36.4 27.8 34.6
City of Cagayan De Oro 12,039 14,369 17,614 15.1 17.4 17.3 10.1 8.7 10.8 1.5 1.5 1.9 12.6 17.6 14.9 19.9 14.2 20.4

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 15

p
Table 2a. First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 12,718 13,324 15,278 23.8 19.4 27.2 4.0 4.1 15.0 0.9 0.8 4.1 22.2 25.3 18.0 20.7 20.5 33.9
Davao del Norte 12,725 13,545 15,318 18.9 17.9 19.9 10.4 10.2 13.6 2.0 1.8 2.7 15.7 22.1 14.9 20.9 15.5 24.4
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 1/ 12,808 13,203 14,543 24.6 18.1 19.5 7.6 9.6 9.6 1.9 1.7 1.9 21.5 27.7 15.3 21.0 16.4 22.5
City of Davao c/ 12,994 13,510 14,890 11.3 8.9 29.3 17.8 14.4 37.0 2.0 1.3 10.9 8.0 14.6 6.8 11.0 11.5 47.2
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 12,636 13,788 17,165 42.0 32.7 48.6 6.2 7.8 5.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 37.7 46.3 28.5 37.0 44.4 52.8
Davao de Oro 2/ 12,532 12,942 14,716 32.5 27.9 19.5 6.9 8.1 8.8 2.2 2.3 1.7 28.9 36.2 24.2 31.6 16.6 22.3
Davao Occidental 12,669 12,834 13,844 47.3 40.1 32.8 5.9 7.6 9.2 2.8 3.1 3.0 42.8 51.9 35.0 45.1 27.8 37.7

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 12,082 13,298 14,685 33.6 34.2 30.0 3.5 3.6 4.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 31.7 35.6 32.1 36.2 27.8 32.2
Cotabato 11,784 13,894 15,430 31.9 36.3 32.5 7.7 7.8 8.8 2.5 2.8 2.9 27.9 36.0 31.7 41.0 27.8 37.2
Sarangani 2/ 11,139 12,238 13,865 47.2 49.6 37.7 6.7 5.4 8.4 3.2 2.7 3.2 42.0 52.5 45.2 53.9 32.5 42.9
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 12,454 12,284 14,296 27.2 27.6 23.1 10.2 9.7 10.2 2.8 2.7 2.4 22.6 31.7 23.2 32.0 19.3 27.0
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/ 12,657 12,617 14,550 20.6 20.9 12.5 10.3 8.4 11.4 2.1 1.8 1.4 17.1 24.1 18.0 23.7 10.2 14.8
Sultan Kudarat 2/ 11,566 12,621 14,572 39.1 31.8 42.2 6.9 8.8 7.7 2.7 2.8 3.2 34.7 43.5 27.2 36.4 36.9 47.5

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 12,346 13,613 14,576 35.3 38.3 28.1 2.9 2.8 4.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 33.6 36.9 36.6 40.1 26.2 30.0
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 11,258 13,551 14,447 32.8 36.8 31.2 6.8 5.7 7.7 2.2 2.1 2.4 29.1 36.5 33.3 40.2 27.3 35.1
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 11,504 14,220 14,645 25.2 33.0 22.7 9.0 6.5 9.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 21.5 28.9 29.5 36.5 19.3 26.2
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 12,136 13,957 14,347 40.7 48.3 35.2 6.1 5.1 6.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 36.6 44.8 44.3 52.3 31.5 39.0
2/
Surigao del Norte 13,799 13,106 14,716 39.5 33.5 17.7 6.1 7.2 10.3 2.4 2.4 1.8 35.5 43.5 29.6 37.5 14.7 20.7
Surigao del Sur 11,969 13,000 14,273 30.9 34.9 28.0 6.5 7.0 12.3 2.0 2.4 3.5 27.6 34.1 30.9 38.9 22.4 33.7
Dinagat Islands 13,177 14,380 16,780 43.1 37.1 37.8 7.0 7.2 7.1 3.0 2.7 2.7 38.2 48.0 32.7 41.5 33.4 42.2

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 13,599 14,126 15,179 63.2 45.8 44.8 2.2 3.3 2.6 1.4 1.5 1.1 60.9 65.5 43.3 48.3 42.9 46.7
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1, 4/
Basilan 1/ 12,715 13,731 15,187 72.3 57.6 59.3 3.0 4.7 4.0 2.2 2.7 2.4 68.7 75.9 53.1 62.1 55.4 63.2
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 14,786 14,627 16,481 73.8 15.2 29.6 2.7 10.4 7.4 2.0 1.6 2.2 70.6 77.0 12.6 17.9 26.0 33.2
Maguindanao 1/, 2/ 12,765 12,844 13,735 55.8 44.3 53.0 6.1 7.3 3.8 3.4 3.2 2.0 50.2 61.4 39.0 49.6 49.7 56.4
Sulu 2/ 13,929 15,363 14,755 74.8 80.4 33.5 2.6 3.0 8.0 2.0 2.4 2.7 71.6 78.1 76.4 84.4 29.1 37.9
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 9,881 13,333 15,642 24.0 47.4 60.2 7.9 7.4 5.5 1.9 3.5 3.3 20.9 27.1 41.7 53.1 54.8 65.7
Cotabato City 14,722 16,749 18,934 48.5 49.9 54.2 5.3 4.7 5.5 2.6 2.4 3.0 44.3 52.7 46.1 53.8 49.2 59.1
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 poverty incidence among population is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 poverty incidence among population is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 poverty incidence among population is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 16

Table 3. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 8,849 10,071 11,460 6.2 7.1 5.9 1.8 1.8 4.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.3 5.4 6.3

1/, 2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.6 1.2 0.6 7.6 8.4 14.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.4 0.5 0.7
1st District 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.1 0.1 1.0 21.3 70.6 38.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 1.4 2.8 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.6
2nd District 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.9 0.8 0.4 20.6 20.6 32.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.5
3rd District 1/, 2/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.0 1.8 0.6 11.4 14.6 34.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.4 3.5 1.4 2.2 0.3 0.9
4th District 2/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.4 1.8 0.7 10.4 11.2 15.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.1 0.5 0.9

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 8,622 9,796 11,206 6.0 4.8 3.1 5.8 6.5 10.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 5.4 6.6 4.3 5.3 2.6 3.6
Abra 1/, c/ 8,664 10,299 11,622 15.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 12.1 20.4 1.2 1.0 1.7 13.3 17.4 6.7 10.0 5.5 11.0
Apayao 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,047 8,936 9,963 11.2 4.2 1.2 21.5 28.8 55.1 2.4 1.2 0.6 7.2 15.1 2.2 6.2 0.1 2.2
Benguet 2/ 8,279 9,361 10,797 2.5 3.4 2.2 15.4 11.8 18.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.9 3.2 2.7 4.0 1.5 2.8
Ifugao 2/, c/ 9,207 10,074 10,502 5.0 5.4 1.9 17.4 18.5 22.1 0.9 1.0 0.4 3.6 6.4 3.8 7.0 1.2 2.7
Kalinga 2/, c/ 8,268 9,008 10,155 4.6 3.6 1.8 15.3 19.3 22.9 0.7 0.7 0.4 3.4 5.8 2.4 4.7 1.1 2.4
Mt. Province 2/ 9,336 10,925 12,184 10.1 9.1 5.6 11.0 15.6 18.5 1.1 1.4 1.0 8.3 12.0 6.8 11.5 3.9 7.3

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 9,012 10,802 11,730 1.8 5.3 5.2 17.7 10.5 14.0 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.3 2.4 4.4 6.2 4.0 6.3
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/ 8,889 10,885 12,291 0.9 0.9 0.0 45.9 31.9 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 1.6 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 8,402 11,433 12,008 1.5 5.8 2.1 29.2 14.2 22.1 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.8 2.2 4.4 7.1 1.3 2.9
La Union 1/, a/ 7,746 9,654 11,482 0.6 2.8 3.9 36.7 16.2 18.7 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.2 1.0 2.0 3.5 2.7 5.0
Pangasinan 1/, a/ 9,198 10,812 11,744 2.4 6.7 7.2 21.9 13.5 16.4 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.6 3.3 5.2 8.2 5.3 9.2

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 8,511 9,930 11,105 5.0 6.1 3.0 8.4 10.0 16.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 4.4 5.7 5.1 7.0 2.2 3.8
Batanes 1/, b/, c/ 13,491 12,446 12,508 6.3 2.9 6.3 16.9 36.0 25.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 4.6 8.1 1.2 4.5 3.7 9.0
Cagayan c/ 8,531 9,562 10,022 5.3 3.9 2.2 13.3 15.9 48.7 0.7 0.6 1.1 4.2 6.5 2.9 4.9 0.5 4.0
Isabela 1/, 2/ 8,536 10,300 11,826 4.7 8.3 3.7 15.1 14.0 18.1 0.7 1.2 0.7 3.6 5.9 6.3 10.2 2.6 4.9
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 8,368 8,794 9,696 6.5 5.2 2.1 13.9 20.4 24.7 0.9 1.1 0.5 5.0 8.0 3.5 7.0 1.3 3.0
Quirino a/, c/ 7,818 9,712 10,354 2.1 3.1 2.9 24.1 16.5 22.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.3 3.0 2.2 3.9 1.8 4.0

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 9,144 11,351 13,348 2.4 4.2 3.0 7.7 7.5 11.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.1 2.7 3.7 4.7 2.4 3.5
Aurora 1/ 8,421 10,503 11,292 5.7 9.1 6.7 14.7 12.9 14.9 0.8 1.2 1.0 4.3 7.1 7.1 11.0 5.0 8.3
Bataan 2/ 10,155 10,320 12,022 4.2 3.9 2.4 15.0 14.2 18.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 3.1 5.2 3.0 4.8 1.7 3.1
Bulacan 1/, a/, c/ 8,847 12,248 14,362 1.4 4.9 4.3 23.6 14.9 21.9 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.9 3.7 6.0 2.8 5.9
Nueva Ecija 2/, c/ 8,653 10,352 12,104 3.1 5.4 2.4 18.8 18.6 25.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 2.2 4.1 3.7 7.0 1.4 3.4
Pampanga 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,970 11,723 13,159 0.8 1.2 0.5 33.6 21.9 30.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.7 0.2 0.7
Tarlac c/ 8,347 10,254 12,320 2.7 3.6 2.8 17.3 14.6 26.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.0 3.5 2.7 4.4 1.6 4.1
Zambales 10,313 12,166 13,699 6.4 7.8 6.3 12.4 10.3 11.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 5.1 7.7 6.5 9.1 5.0 7.5

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 17

Table 3. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 9,689 10,750 13,075 2.3 3.2 2.6 9.9 8.9 9.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.9 2.7 2.7 3.7 2.2 3.0
Batangas 1/, b/ 11,080 10,599 11,953 4.3 1.7 2.2 16.7 24.6 19.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 3.1 5.5 1.0 2.4 1.5 2.9
Cavite a/ 10,080 12,460 14,420 1.9 2.8 2.7 23.2 19.9 17.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.9 3.7 1.9 3.5
Laguna a/, b/, c/ 8,072 10,582 13,359 1.5 2.9 2.7 28.7 23.1 21.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 2.3 1.8 4.1 1.8 3.7
Quezon 1/, 2/, c/ 7,963 9,496 10,433 2.8 8.3 2.3 19.7 13.7 23.1 0.6 1.1 0.5 1.9 3.8 6.4 10.2 1.4 3.1
Rizal a/, b/ 9,741 10,670 13,332 1.6 2.0 3.1 26.8 20.7 18.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 2.3 1.3 2.7 2.2 4.0

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 7,988 9,103 10,570 5.1 7.5 6.4 8.5 7.1 9.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 4.4 5.8 6.6 8.4 5.4 7.4
Marinduque 2/ 8,373 9,542 10,887 4.2 6.2 3.0 16.6 13.5 19.0 0.7 0.8 0.6 3.1 5.4 4.8 7.6 2.1 3.9
Occidental Mindoro c/ 7,412 9,332 9,915 8.3 11.0 8.7 16.7 12.6 23.1 1.4 1.4 2.0 6.0 10.6 8.7 13.3 5.4 12.1
Oriental Mindoro 8,475 9,370 10,943 4.7 6.4 6.5 17.3 17.9 19.5 0.8 1.1 1.3 3.3 6.0 4.5 8.3 4.4 8.6
Palawan 1/, a/ 7,877 8,379 10,351 3.3 6.1 5.9 20.8 14.1 15.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 2.2 4.5 4.7 7.5 4.4 7.4
Romblon 1/, 2/ 8,283 9,705 11,592 8.0 11.3 7.2 13.0 11.2 13.8 1.0 1.3 1.0 6.3 9.7 9.3 13.4 5.6 8.8

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 8,340 9,750 11,451 7.3 10.5 8.7 6.0 6.5 5.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 6.6 8.0 9.4 11.6 7.9 9.5
Albay 2/ 8,524 9,557 12,073 4.4 6.3 8.9 14.2 16.1 10.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 3.4 5.4 4.6 7.9 7.5 10.4
Camarines Norte 8,493 9,835 11,666 9.1 7.1 6.1 10.8 11.7 13.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 7.5 10.8 5.7 8.5 4.8 7.4
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 8,098 10,049 11,685 7.4 17.1 11.0 13.1 10.9 11.0 1.0 1.9 1.2 5.8 9.0 14.0 20.1 9.0 13.0
Catanduanes 2/ 8,484 9,724 10,979 7.1 5.2 9.2 13.7 13.8 10.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 5.5 8.7 4.1 6.4 7.6 10.9
Masbate 2/ 7,880 8,838 9,808 9.8 7.9 5.0 12.7 13.3 15.9 1.2 1.1 0.8 7.7 11.8 6.2 9.6 3.7 6.3
Sorsogon 9,171 9,602 10,932 7.5 8.9 9.0 11.2 11.1 12.3 0.8 1.0 1.1 6.2 8.9 7.3 10.5 7.1 10.8

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 8,322 9,455 12,006 4.8 6.9 7.5 10.0 7.7 9.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 4.0 5.6 6.0 7.7 6.3 8.7
Aklan 2/, c/ 8,417 9,445 10,249 4.1 6.1 0.9 18.9 13.6 27.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 2.9 5.4 4.8 7.5 0.5 1.4
Antique 1/, c/ 8,185 9,254 11,328 6.5 10.1 6.6 12.8 12.8 32.1 0.8 1.3 2.1 5.1 7.9 8.0 12.2 3.1 10.1
Capiz 2/, a/, b/, c/ 7,822 9,375 11,443 0.9 1.4 3.3 28.6 31.0 20.8 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.7 2.2 2.2 4.4
Guimaras 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,824 9,964 10,456 3.2 6.3 1.3 20.9 22.8 28.1 0.7 1.4 0.4 2.1 4.3 4.0 8.7 0.7 1.9
Iloilo 1/ 8,816 9,841 11,688 3.9 7.3 5.6 16.0 14.3 12.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 2.9 4.9 5.6 9.0 4.5 6.8
Negros Occidental 2/ 8,110 9,190 12,286 6.3 7.5 11.8 16.4 13.0 13.6 1.0 1.0 1.6 4.6 8.0 5.9 9.1 9.2 14.5

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 8,847 10,578 11,943 7.2 12.8 9.7 7.1 6.2 17.7 0.5 0.8 1.7 6.4 8.1 11.5 14.1 6.8 12.5
Bohol 1/, 2/ 8,807 9,319 10,602 8.4 12.1 7.6 12.7 10.3 14.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 6.6 10.1 10.1 14.2 5.7 9.4
Cebu 1/, c/ 8,984 11,332 12,460 5.2 13.1 10.7 11.3 8.4 23.0 0.6 1.1 2.5 4.2 6.2 11.3 14.9 6.7 14.8
Negros Oriental 2/ 8,672 8,927 10,627 13.0 13.2 8.2 12.3 12.0 13.0 1.6 1.6 1.1 10.4 15.6 10.6 15.8 6.5 10.0
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 8,898 8,855 10,253 3.1 0.7 0.4 24.4 48.6 58.7 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.9 4.4 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.7

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 18

Table 3. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 2/ 8,527 9,484 10,746 13.1 13.2 10.9 5.5 6.1 6.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 11.9 14.3 11.9 14.5 9.7 12.1
Biliran 1/, 2/ 8,396 10,022 10,054 5.7 8.7 3.5 12.6 11.8 16.5 0.7 1.0 0.6 4.5 6.9 7.0 10.4 2.6 4.5
Eastern Samar 9,996 10,141 11,099 20.5 18.7 19.2 8.1 9.6 11.3 1.7 1.8 2.2 17.8 23.2 15.8 21.7 15.7 22.8
Leyte 2/ 8,180 9,424 11,277 13.1 14.9 7.8 10.3 10.4 12.6 1.4 1.5 1.0 10.9 15.3 12.4 17.4 6.2 9.4
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 8,840 9,192 10,476 12.2 7.1 11.9 11.1 11.2 18.2 1.4 0.8 2.2 9.9 14.4 5.8 8.4 8.4 15.5
Southern Leyte 2/ 8,866 10,134 11,099 7.9 10.4 4.9 11.5 10.7 17.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 6.4 9.4 8.5 12.2 3.5 6.2
Samar 2/ 7,843 8,782 9,984 13.6 11.7 17.7 11.4 11.7 13.2 1.6 1.4 2.3 11.0 16.1 9.5 14.0 13.9 21.6

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 8,725 10,468 11,463 14.8 15.1 11.9 5.6 5.3 6.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 13.4 16.2 13.8 16.4 10.6 13.2
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 9,525 11,944 12,809 21.2 32.1 16.6 9.9 7.2 11.5 2.1 2.3 1.9 17.8 24.7 28.3 35.9 13.5 19.8
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 8,218 8,444 11,080 9.8 7.3 11.2 10.1 11.2 9.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 8.2 11.5 6.0 8.7 9.5 12.8
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 7,982 8,622 9,004 16.8 11.8 8.0 10.1 9.9 11.8 1.7 1.2 0.9 14.0 19.6 9.9 13.8 6.5 9.6
Isabela City 1/, b/, c/ 8,867 8,446 10,063 29.3 7.1 4.3 10.0 21.6 35.7 2.9 1.5 1.5 24.4 34.1 4.6 9.5 1.8 6.7

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 8,559 9,964 11,490 9.4 10.9 8.9 5.0 6.6 5.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 8.6 10.2 9.7 12.1 8.1 9.7
Bukidnon 2/ 8,862 10,031 11,207 12.0 15.5 9.8 9.9 12.3 12.0 1.2 1.9 1.2 10.0 13.9 12.4 18.6 7.9 11.7
Camiguin 2/, c/ 8,909 9,935 11,148 8.7 7.0 2.1 15.2 14.0 25.4 1.3 1.0 0.5 6.5 10.8 5.4 8.6 1.3 3.0
Lanao del Norte 1/ 8,439 9,850 11,140 8.1 14.2 13.1 9.9 11.6 10.4 0.8 1.6 1.4 6.8 9.4 11.5 16.9 10.9 15.3
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 8,393 10,436 12,155 12.9 6.5 10.3 10.5 14.4 10.5 1.4 0.9 1.1 10.7 15.2 5.0 8.0 8.5 12.0
Misamis Oriental 8,306 9,829 11,997 6.8 6.8 5.6 8.2 9.4 9.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 5.9 7.7 5.8 7.9 4.7 6.5

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 8,880 9,289 10,685 6.4 4.7 9.7 7.5 7.2 36.3 0.5 0.3 3.5 5.6 7.2 4.1 5.2 3.9 15.5
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 8,917 9,440 10,751 4.3 4.2 5.2 18.2 21.7 31.5 0.8 0.9 1.6 3.0 5.6 2.7 5.7 2.5 7.9
Davao del Sur a/, c/ 9,027 9,352 10,377 3.8 2.3 11.8 21.6 15.4 54.5 0.8 0.4 6.4 2.5 5.1 1.7 2.8 1.2 22.3
Davao Oriental 2/ 8,823 9,589 12,012 11.5 8.7 17.0 11.1 14.5 9.8 1.3 1.3 1.7 9.4 13.6 6.6 10.7 14.3 19.8
Davao de Oro 2/ 8,756 9,076 10,312 10.0 7.2 2.6 11.3 17.1 18.8 1.1 1.2 0.5 8.2 11.9 5.2 9.2 1.8 3.4
Davao Occidental 2/ 8,831 8,962 9,636 16.2 14.0 8.4 11.4 14.5 19.2 1.8 2.0 1.6 13.1 19.2 10.6 17.3 5.8 11.1

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 8,392 9,254 10,268 13.7 12.5 10.0 5.8 5.7 7.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 12.4 15.0 11.4 13.7 8.7 11.2
Cotabato 8,229 9,721 10,796 13.7 10.7 11.5 12.1 13.2 13.1 1.7 1.4 1.5 10.9 16.4 8.4 13.1 9.1 14.0
Sarangani 2/ 7,796 8,553 9,680 22.4 23.9 14.7 12.0 9.3 15.6 2.7 2.2 2.3 18.0 26.8 20.3 27.6 10.9 18.5
South Cotabato 2/ 8,740 8,635 10,011 7.5 9.8 5.0 15.7 11.8 14.5 1.2 1.2 0.7 5.6 9.4 7.9 11.7 3.8 6.2
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 8,071 8,800 10,180 17.8 11.5 14.6 9.5 12.9 14.7 1.7 1.5 2.2 15.0 20.6 9.0 13.9 11.1 18.1

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 19

Table 3. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 8,643 9,520 10,151 11.0 14.7 7.5 5.3 4.9 8.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 10.0 12.0 13.5 15.8 6.5 8.5
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 7,911 9,679 10,132 8.1 12.6 8.6 9.3 7.8 9.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 6.8 9.3 11.0 14.2 7.2 10.0
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 8,471 9,738 10,000 13.3 21.0 9.0 11.2 8.7 12.2 1.5 1.8 1.1 10.9 15.8 18.0 24.0 7.2 10.8
Surigao del Norte 2/ 9,636 9,144 10,232 13.5 12.9 3.0 10.9 12.7 19.8 1.5 1.6 0.6 11.1 15.9 10.2 15.6 2.0 4.0
Surigao del Sur c/ 8,328 9,063 9,947 8.3 11.5 7.4 12.5 12.0 29.5 1.0 1.4 2.2 6.6 10.0 9.3 13.8 3.8 11.0
Dinagat Islands 9,198 10,028 11,689 16.2 12.9 11.6 12.1 15.0 17.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 13.0 19.4 9.8 16.1 8.2 14.9

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 9,577 9,956 10,523 29.4 17.0 12.8 3.7 6.0 5.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 27.6 31.2 15.3 18.7 11.6 13.9
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 8,877 9,585 10,603 39.0 21.5 21.6 5.6 10.2 9.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 35.4 42.6 17.9 25.1 18.3 24.9
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 10,324 10,227 11,512 41.7 0.9 2.6 5.7 30.5 21.8 2.4 0.3 0.6 37.7 45.6 0.5 1.4 1.7 3.5
Maguindanao 1/ 8,919 8,952 9,584 23.9 13.8 16.1 9.3 12.1 9.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 20.3 27.6 11.0 16.5 13.7 18.4
Sulu 1/, 2/ 9,733 10,732 10,328 29.9 38.8 5.3 6.0 9.1 18.0 1.8 3.5 1.0 26.9 32.8 33.0 44.6 3.8 6.9
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 6,911 9,314 10,892 5.8 15.9 25.2 15.8 11.3 10.6 0.9 1.8 2.7 4.3 7.4 12.9 18.9 20.8 29.6
Cotabato City 10,262 11,696 13,230 20.0 19.8 18.7 10.7 9.9 11.5 2.1 2.0 2.1 16.5 23.5 16.6 23.1 15.2 22.2
Notes:

1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).

2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).

3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 subsistence incidence among families is greater than 20%.

b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 subsistence incidence among families is greater than 20%.

c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 subsistence incidence among families is greater than 20%.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 20

Table 3a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/, 2/
PHILIPPINES 8,849 10,071 11,460 6.2 7.1 5.9 1.8 1.8 4.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.3 5.4 6.3

1/, 2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.6 1.2 0.6 7.6 8.4 14.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.4 0.5 0.7
1st District
City of Manila 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.1 0.1 1.0 21.3 70.6 38.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 1.4 2.8 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.6
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong 1/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.3 0.0 0.2 50.2 100.2 58.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4
City of Marikina a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.8 0.3 0.1 30.8 45.6 70.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.3
City of Pasig 1/ a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.8 1.8 1.0 35.6 24.1 30.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.1 2.6 0.5 1.5
Quezon City 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.0 0.8 0.2 27.2 32.3 71.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.5 0.4 1.2 0.0 0.5
City of San Juan a/, d/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.4 0.0 0.0 70.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.2 2.3 0.9 17.6 20.5 41.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 2.3 4.2 1.5 3.0 0.3 1.5
City of Malabon 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.0 1.5 0.2 16.9 22.8 61.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 2.2 3.9 0.9 2.0 0.0 0.4
City of Navotas 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.1 1.9 0.3 14.4 23.0 40.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 2.4 3.9 1.2 2.6 0.1 0.6
City of Valenzuela 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.2 0.8 0.2 18.1 26.1 57.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.5 2.9 0.5 1.2 0.0 0.4
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.0 1.3 0.3 25.6 27.6 44.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.6 1.5 0.7 1.9 0.1 0.5
City of Makati a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.4 0.6 0.5 52.0 40.5 51.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.9
City of Muntinlupa 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.1 1.7 0.0 18.5 27.9 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.0 1.5 2.8 0.9 2.5 0.0 0.0
City of Parañaque 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.7 1.5 0.4 25.9 27.8 46.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.0 2.4 0.8 2.1 0.1 0.6
Pasay City 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.7 2.4 0.1 17.6 24.6 70.9 0.5 0.6 0.1 1.9 3.5 1.4 3.4 0.0 0.3
Pateros a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.7 2.1 1.2 38.1 35.3 35.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 2.8 0.9 3.3 0.5 1.9
City of Taguig 1/, a/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.1 2.8 1.8 32.0 19.7 19.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.6 1.9 3.7 1.2 2.4

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 8,622 9,796 11,206 6.0 4.8 3.1 5.8 6.5 10.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 5.4 6.6 4.3 5.3 2.6 3.6
Abra 1/, c/ 8,664 10,299 11,622 15.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 12.1 20.4 1.2 1.0 1.7 13.3 17.4 6.7 10.0 5.5 11.0
Apayao 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c 8,047 8,936 9,963 11.2 4.2 1.2 21.5 28.8 55.1 2.4 1.2 0.6 7.2 15.1 2.2 6.2 0.1 2.2
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 8,239 9,312 10,769 3.9 5.0 3.6 17.2 13.8 19.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.8 5.0 3.9 6.1 2.5 4.8
City of Baguio 2/, a/, b/, c 8,478 9,361 11,191 0.9 1.4 0.3 32.9 23.2 47.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.3 0.9 1.9 0.1 0.6
Ifugao 2/, c/ 9,207 10,074 10,502 5.0 5.4 1.9 17.4 18.5 22.1 0.9 1.0 0.4 3.6 6.4 3.8 7.0 1.2 2.7
Kalinga 2/, c/ 8,268 9,008 10,155 4.6 3.6 1.8 15.3 19.3 22.9 0.7 0.7 0.4 3.4 5.8 2.4 4.7 1.1 2.4
Mt. Province 2/ 9,336 10,925 12,184 10.1 9.1 5.6 11.0 15.6 18.5 1.1 1.4 1.0 8.3 12.0 6.8 11.5 3.9 7.3

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 9,012 10,802 11,730 1.8 5.3 5.2 17.7 10.5 14.0 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.3 2.4 4.4 6.2 4.0 6.3
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,889 10,885 12,291 0.9 0.9 0.0 45.9 31.9 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 1.6 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 8,402 11,433 12,008 1.5 5.8 2.1 29.2 14.2 22.1 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.8 2.2 4.4 7.1 1.3 2.9
La Union 1/, a/ 7,746 9,654 11,482 0.6 2.8 3.9 36.7 16.2 18.7 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.2 1.0 2.0 3.5 2.7 5.0
Pangasinan 1/, a/ 9,198 10,812 11,744 2.4 6.7 7.2 21.9 13.5 16.4 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.6 3.3 5.2 8.2 5.3 9.2

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 21

Table 3a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 8,511 9,930 11,105 5.0 6.1 3.0 8.4 10.0 16.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 4.4 5.7 5.1 7.0 2.2 3.8
Batanes 1/, b/, c/ 13,491 12,446 12,508 6.3 2.9 6.3 16.9 36.0 25.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 4.6 8.1 1.2 4.5 3.7 9.0
Cagayan c/ 8,531 9,562 10,022 5.3 3.9 2.2 13.3 15.9 48.7 0.7 0.6 1.1 4.2 6.5 2.9 4.9 0.5 4.0
Isabela 1/, 2/ 8,536 10,300 11,826 4.7 8.3 3.7 15.1 14.0 18.1 0.7 1.2 0.7 3.6 5.9 6.3 10.2 2.6 4.9
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 8,368 8,794 9,696 6.5 5.2 2.1 13.9 20.4 24.7 0.9 1.1 0.5 5.0 8.0 3.5 7.0 1.3 3.0
Quirino a/, c/ 7,818 9,712 10,354 2.1 3.1 2.9 24.1 16.5 22.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.3 3.0 2.2 3.9 1.8 4.0

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 9,144 11,351 13,348 2.4 4.2 3.0 7.7 7.5 11.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.1 2.7 3.7 4.7 2.4 3.5
Aurora 1/ 8,421 10,503 11,292 5.7 9.1 6.7 14.7 12.9 14.9 0.8 1.2 1.0 4.3 7.1 7.1 11.0 5.0 8.3
Bataan 2/ 10,155 10,320 12,022 4.2 3.9 2.4 15.0 14.2 18.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 3.1 5.2 3.0 4.8 1.7 3.1
Bulacan 1/, a/, c/ 8,847 12,248 14,362 1.4 4.9 4.3 23.6 14.9 21.9 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.9 3.7 6.0 2.8 5.9
Nueva Ecija 2/, c/ 8,653 10,352 12,104 3.1 5.4 2.4 18.8 18.6 25.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 2.2 4.1 3.7 7.0 1.4 3.4
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) a/, b/, c/ 8,955 11,668 13,089 0.9 1.2 0.5 36.4 26.7 33.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.8
City of Angeles 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,930 11,941 13,525 0.4 1.3 0.3 40.3 25.0 53.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.9 0.0 0.7
Tarlac c/ 8,347 10,254 12,320 2.7 3.6 2.8 17.3 14.6 26.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.0 3.5 2.7 4.4 1.6 4.1
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 10,284 12,110 13,608 7.7 9.3 7.4 14.0 11.7 13.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 5.9 9.5 7.5 11.0 5.7 9.0
City of Olongapo a/, c/ 10,513 12,488 14,236 3.0 3.9 3.2 20.5 15.4 20.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.0 4.0 2.9 4.8 2.1 4.2

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 9,689 10,750 13,075 2.3 3.2 2.6 9.9 8.9 9.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.9 2.7 2.7 3.7 2.2 3.0
Batangas 1/, b/ 11,080 10,599 11,953 4.3 1.7 2.2 16.7 24.6 19.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 3.1 5.5 1.0 2.4 1.5 2.9
Cavite a/ 10,080 12,460 14,420 1.9 2.8 2.7 23.2 19.9 17.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.9 3.7 1.9 3.5
Laguna a/, b/, c/ 8,072 10,582 13,359 1.5 2.9 2.7 28.7 23.1 21.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 2.3 1.8 4.1 1.8 3.7
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 7,941 9,481 10,388 2.9 9.2 2.4 21.7 14.0 25.4 0.6 1.3 0.6 1.9 3.9 7.1 11.3 1.4 3.3
City of Lucena a/, b/, c/ 8,165 9,889 10,804 2.4 2.1 1.7 27.9 24.6 28.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.3 3.5 1.2 2.9 0.9 2.5
Rizal a/, b/ 9,741 10,670 13,332 1.6 2.0 3.1 26.8 20.7 18.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 2.3 1.3 2.7 2.2 4.0

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 7,988 9,103 10,570 5.1 7.5 6.4 8.5 7.1 9.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 4.4 5.8 6.6 8.4 5.4 7.4
Marinduque 2/ 8,373 9,542 10,887 4.2 6.2 3.0 16.6 13.5 19.0 0.7 0.8 0.6 3.1 5.4 4.8 7.6 2.1 3.9
Occidental Mindoro c/ 7,412 9,332 9,915 8.3 11.0 8.7 16.7 12.6 23.1 1.4 1.4 2.0 6.0 10.6 8.7 13.3 5.4 12.1
Oriental Mindoro 8,475 9,370 10,943 4.7 6.4 6.5 17.3 17.9 19.5 0.8 1.1 1.3 3.3 6.0 4.5 8.3 4.4 8.6
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1/, a/ 7,867 8,358 10,341 4.1 7.7 7.6 22.0 14.9 16.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.6 5.6 5.8 9.6 5.6 9.6
City of Puerto Princesa a/, b/, c/ 8,042 8,703 10,692 0.8 1.4 0.7 42.1 25.8 34.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.8 2.0 0.3 1.1
Romblon 1/, 2/ 8,283 9,705 11,592 8.0 11.3 7.2 13.0 11.2 13.8 1.0 1.3 1.0 6.3 9.7 9.3 13.4 5.6 8.8

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 8,340 9,750 11,451 7.3 10.5 8.7 6.0 6.5 5.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 6.6 8.0 9.4 11.6 7.9 9.5
Albay 2/ 8,524 9,557 12,073 4.4 6.3 8.9 14.2 16.1 10.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 3.4 5.4 4.6 7.9 7.5 10.4
Camarines Norte 8,493 9,835 11,666 9.1 7.1 6.1 10.8 11.7 13.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 7.5 10.8 5.7 8.5 4.8 7.4
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 8,098 10,049 11,685 7.4 17.1 11.0 13.1 10.9 11.0 1.0 1.9 1.2 5.8 9.0 14.0 20.1 9.0 13.0
Catanduanes 2/ 8,484 9,724 10,979 7.1 5.2 9.2 13.7 13.8 10.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 5.5 8.7 4.1 6.4 7.6 10.9
Masbate 2/ 7,880 8,838 9,808 9.8 7.9 5.0 12.7 13.3 15.9 1.2 1.1 0.8 7.7 11.8 6.2 9.6 3.7 6.3
Sorsogon 9,171 9,602 10,932 7.5 8.9 9.0 11.2 11.1 12.3 0.8 1.0 1.1 6.2 8.9 7.3 10.5 7.1 10.8

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 22

Table 3a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 8,322 9,455 12,006 4.8 6.9 7.5 10.0 7.7 9.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 4.0 5.6 6.0 7.7 6.3 8.7
Aklan 2/, c/ 8,417 9,445 10,249 4.1 6.1 0.9 18.9 13.6 27.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 2.9 5.4 4.8 7.5 0.5 1.4
Antique 1/, c/ 8,185 9,254 11,328 6.5 10.1 6.6 12.8 12.8 32.1 0.8 1.3 2.1 5.1 7.9 8.0 12.2 3.1 10.1
Capiz 2/, a/, b/, c/ 7,822 9,375 11,443 0.9 1.4 3.3 28.6 31.0 20.8 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.7 2.2 2.2 4.4
Guimaras 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,824 9,964 10,456 3.2 6.3 1.3 20.9 22.8 28.1 0.7 1.4 0.4 2.1 4.3 4.0 8.7 0.7 1.9
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 1/ 8,802 9,809 11,657 4.5 8.3 6.4 16.7 15.1 12.7 0.8 1.3 0.8 3.3 5.8 6.2 10.4 5.1 7.7
City of Iloilo 1/, a/, c/ 8,986 10,367 12,223 0.8 2.3 1.7 32.7 18.2 26.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.6 3.0 0.9 2.4
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 2/ 8,107 9,186 12,278 7.5 9.0 13.7 16.8 13.3 14.0 1.3 1.2 1.9 5.4 9.6 7.0 10.9 10.6 16.9
City of Bacolod 2/, a/, b/ 8,071 9,346 12,416 0.8 1.0 3.3 33.2 26.1 18.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.4 2.3 4.3

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 8,847 10,578 11,943 7.2 12.8 9.7 7.1 6.2 17.7 0.5 0.8 1.7 6.4 8.1 11.5 14.1 6.8 12.5
Bohol 1/, 2/ 8,807 9,319 10,602 8.4 12.1 7.6 12.7 10.3 14.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 6.6 10.1 10.1 14.2 5.7 9.4
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/ 8,944 11,242 12,408 6.5 17.9 15.5 14.5 9.4 20.0 0.9 1.7 3.1 4.9 8.0 15.1 20.6 10.4 20.6
City of Cebu 1/, 2/, c/ 9,087 11,810 12,904 3.5 6.0 2.2 19.9 15.0 21.9 0.7 0.9 0.5 2.4 4.7 4.5 7.5 1.4 3.0
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/, a/ 9,111 11,810 12,938 2.5 4.2 3.2 21.0 15.5 17.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.7 3.4 3.1 5.3 2.3 4.1
City of Mandaue c/ 8,977 11,810 12,992 3.3 3.8 2.6 19.2 14.2 21.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.2 4.3 2.9 4.7 1.7 3.6
Negros Oriental 2/ 8,672 8,927 10,627 13.0 13.2 8.2 12.3 12.0 13.0 1.6 1.6 1.1 10.4 15.6 10.6 15.8 6.5 10.0
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 8,898 8,855 10,253 3.1 0.7 0.4 24.4 48.6 58.7 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.9 4.4 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.7

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 2/ 8,527 9,484 10,746 13.1 13.2 10.9 5.5 6.1 6.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 11.9 14.3 11.9 14.5 9.7 12.1
Biliran 1/, 2/ 8,396 10,022 10,054 5.7 8.7 3.5 12.6 11.8 16.5 0.7 1.0 0.6 4.5 6.9 7.0 10.4 2.6 4.5
Eastern Samar 9,996 10,141 11,099 20.5 18.7 19.2 8.1 9.6 11.3 1.7 1.8 2.2 17.8 23.2 15.8 21.7 15.7 22.8
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 8,175 9,402 11,267 14.1 16.0 8.3 10.7 10.8 13.2 1.5 1.7 1.1 11.6 16.6 13.2 18.9 6.5 10.1
City of Tacloban 8,275 9,869 11,429 5.0 5.3 3.5 13.9 14.5 14.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 3.9 6.1 4.0 6.5 2.6 4.3
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 8,840 9,192 10,476 12.2 7.1 11.9 11.1 11.2 18.2 1.4 0.8 2.2 9.9 14.4 5.8 8.4 8.4 15.5
Southern Leyte 2/ 8,866 10,134 11,099 7.9 10.4 4.9 11.5 10.7 17.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 6.4 9.4 8.5 12.2 3.5 6.2
Samar 2/ 7,843 8,782 9,984 13.6 11.7 17.7 11.4 11.7 13.2 1.6 1.4 2.3 11.0 16.1 9.5 14.0 13.9 21.6

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 8,725 10,468 11,463 14.8 15.1 11.9 5.6 5.3 6.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 13.4 16.2 13.8 16.4 10.6 13.2
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 9,525 11,944 12,809 21.2 32.1 16.6 9.9 7.2 11.5 2.1 2.3 1.9 17.8 24.7 28.3 35.9 13.5 19.8
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 2/ 8,145 8,415 11,035 15.1 13.1 19.4 11.5 11.8 9.9 1.7 1.6 1.9 12.3 18.0 10.5 15.6 16.3 22.6
City of Zamboanga 1/, b/, c/ 8,530 8,746 11,406 3.5 1.1 2.4 16.4 27.9 29.0 0.6 0.3 0.7 2.5 4.4 0.6 1.6 1.2 3.5
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 7,982 8,622 9,004 16.8 11.8 8.0 10.1 9.9 11.8 1.7 1.2 0.9 14.0 19.6 9.9 13.8 6.5 9.6
Isabela City 1/, b/, c/ 8,867 8,446 10,063 29.3 7.1 4.3 10.0 21.6 35.7 2.9 1.5 1.5 24.4 34.1 4.6 9.5 1.8 6.7

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 8,559 9,964 11,490 9.4 10.9 8.9 5.0 6.6 5.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 8.6 10.2 9.7 12.1 8.1 9.7
Bukidnon 2/ 8,862 10,031 11,207 12.0 15.5 9.8 9.9 12.3 12.0 1.2 1.9 1.2 10.0 13.9 12.4 18.6 7.9 11.7
Camiguin 2/, c/ 8,909 9,935 11,148 8.7 7.0 2.1 15.2 14.0 25.4 1.3 1.0 0.5 6.5 10.8 5.4 8.6 1.3 3.0
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 8,384 9,790 11,090 8.2 18.8 16.8 11.5 13.2 12.0 0.9 2.5 2.0 6.7 9.8 14.8 22.9 13.5 20.1
City of Iligan 8,575 10,241 11,422 7.8 5.6 6.2 19.0 14.9 17.5 1.5 0.8 1.1 5.3 10.2 4.2 7.0 4.4 8.0
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 8,393 10,436 12,155 12.9 6.5 10.3 10.5 14.4 10.5 1.4 0.9 1.1 10.7 15.2 5.0 8.0 8.5 12.0
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 8,270 9,765 11,897 9.5 9.8 7.7 9.9 10.5 11.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 7.9 11.0 8.1 11.6 6.2 9.1
City of Cagayan De Oro 8,402 10,034 12,275 3.7 3.3 3.2 15.0 16.4 16.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 2.8 4.6 2.4 4.2 2.3 4.1

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 23

Table 3a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 8,880 9,289 10,685 6.4 4.7 9.7 7.5 7.2 36.3 0.5 0.3 3.5 5.6 7.2 4.1 5.2 3.9 15.5
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 8,917 9,440 10,751 4.3 4.2 5.2 18.2 21.7 31.5 0.8 0.9 1.6 3.0 5.6 2.7 5.7 2.5 7.9
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 8,934 9,247 10,133 5.8 3.9 4.4 13.2 17.4 14.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 4.5 7.1 2.8 5.0 3.3 5.5
City of Davao a/, b/, c/ 9,089 9,434 10,405 3.1 1.7 14.5 36.1 24.1 57.3 1.1 0.4 8.3 1.2 4.9 1.0 2.3 0.8 28.1
Davao Oriental 2/ 8,823 9,589 12,012 11.5 8.7 17.0 11.1 14.5 9.8 1.3 1.3 1.7 9.4 13.6 6.6 10.7 14.3 19.8
Davao de Oro 2/ 8,756 9,076 10,312 10.0 7.2 2.6 11.3 17.1 18.8 1.1 1.2 0.5 8.2 11.9 5.2 9.2 1.8 3.4
Davao Occidental 2/ 8,831 8,962 9,636 16.2 14.0 8.4 11.4 14.5 19.2 1.8 2.0 1.6 13.1 19.2 10.6 17.3 5.8 11.1

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 8,392 9,254 10,268 13.7 12.5 10.0 5.8 5.7 7.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 12.4 15.0 11.4 13.7 8.7 11.2
Cotabato 8,229 9,721 10,796 13.7 10.7 11.5 12.1 13.2 13.1 1.7 1.4 1.5 10.9 16.4 8.4 13.1 9.1 14.0
Sarangani 2/ 7,796 8,553 9,680 22.4 23.9 14.7 12.0 9.3 15.6 2.7 2.2 2.3 18.0 26.8 20.3 27.6 10.9 18.5
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 2/, a/ 8,705 8,555 9,958 9.2 11.3 6.2 20.2 16.1 17.6 1.9 1.8 1.1 6.2 12.3 8.3 14.3 4.4 8.0
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 1/, 2/, c/ 8,837 8,810 10,160 4.9 7.4 3.2 16.3 12.4 23.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.6 6.2 5.9 8.9 1.9 4.4
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 8,071 8,800 10,180 17.8 11.5 14.6 9.5 12.9 14.7 1.7 1.5 2.2 15.0 20.6 9.0 13.9 11.1 18.1

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 8,643 9,520 10,151 11.0 14.7 7.5 5.3 4.9 8.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 10.0 12.0 13.5 15.8 6.5 8.5
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 7,838 9,457 10,096 9.5 12.9 10.6 12.5 10.3 12.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 7.5 11.4 10.7 15.1 8.4 12.8
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 8,013 9,930 10,186 6.5 12.3 6.6 13.5 11.7 15.0 0.9 1.4 1.0 5.1 7.9 9.9 14.7 4.9 8.2
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 8,471 9,738 10,000 13.3 21.0 9.0 11.2 8.7 12.2 1.5 1.8 1.1 10.9 15.8 18.0 24.0 7.2 10.8
Surigao del Norte 2/ 9,636 9,144 10,232 13.5 12.9 3.0 10.9 12.7 19.8 1.5 1.6 0.6 11.1 15.9 10.2 15.6 2.0 4.0
Surigao del Sur c/ 8,328 9,063 9,947 8.3 11.5 7.4 12.5 12.0 29.5 1.0 1.4 2.2 6.6 10.0 9.3 13.8 3.8 11.0
Dinagat Islands 9,198 10,028 11,689 16.2 12.9 11.6 12.1 15.0 17.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 13.0 19.4 9.8 16.1 8.2 14.9

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 9,577 9,956 10,523 29.4 17.0 12.8 3.7 6.0 5.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 27.6 31.2 15.3 18.7 11.6 13.9
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 8,877 9,585 10,603 39.0 21.5 21.6 5.6 10.2 9.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 35.4 42.6 17.9 25.1 18.3 24.9
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 10,324 10,227 11,512 41.7 0.9 2.6 5.7 30.5 21.8 2.4 0.3 0.6 37.7 45.6 0.5 1.4 1.7 3.5
Maguindanao 1/ 8,919 8,952 9,584 23.9 13.8 16.1 9.3 12.1 9.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 20.3 27.6 11.0 16.5 13.7 18.4
Sulu 1/, 2/ 9,733 10,732 10,328 29.9 38.8 5.3 6.0 9.1 18.0 1.8 3.5 1.0 26.9 32.8 33.0 44.6 3.8 6.9
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 6,911 9,314 10,892 5.8 15.9 25.2 15.8 11.3 10.6 0.9 1.8 2.7 4.3 7.4 12.9 18.9 20.8 29.6
Cotabato City 10,262 11,696 13,230 20.0 19.8 18.7 10.7 9.9 11.5 2.1 2.0 2.1 16.5 23.5 16.6 23.1 15.2 22.2
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 subsistence incidence among families is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 subsistence incidence among families is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 subsistence incidence among families is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 24

p
Table 4. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Population
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 8,849 10,071 11,460 8.5 9.9 8.7 1.7 1.8 4.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 8.3 8.8 9.6 10.2 8.1 9.3

National Capital Region (NCR) 2/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.0 1.9 0.9 8.1 8.7 14.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.2 0.7 1.1
1st District 1/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.3 0.2 1.2 22.0 77.9 38.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.5 3.2 0.0 0.5 0.4 1.9
2nd District 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.1 1.3 0.6 25.0 21.8 34.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 1.5 0.9 1.8 0.3 0.9
3rd District 2/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.6 2.6 0.8 11.8 14.3 32.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.9 4.3 2.0 3.2 0.4 1.3
1/, 2/
4th District 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.9 2.8 1.1 10.9 11.2 17.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.6 2.2 2.3 3.3 0.8 1.4

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 2/ 8,622 9,796 11,206 7.9 6.7 4.9 5.9 6.4 10.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 7.1 8.7 6.0 7.4 4.1 5.8
Abra 1/ 8,664 10,299 11,622 18.5 11.8 12.7 8.5 11.7 19.7 1.6 1.4 2.5 15.9 21.1 9.5 14.0 8.6 16.9
Apayao 1/, 2/, b/ , c/ 8,047 8,936 9,963 13.1 6.2 1.6 19.4 27.9 56.7 2.5 1.7 0.9 8.9 17.3 3.3 9.0 0.1 3.0
Benguet 8,279 9,361 10,797 3.5 4.6 3.5 16.2 12.0 18.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.6 4.4 3.7 5.6 2.4 4.5
Ifugao 2/, c/ 9,207 10,074 10,502 7.2 6.9 3.2 18.7 17.9 21.9 1.4 1.2 0.7 5.0 9.4 4.9 9.0 2.1 4.4
Kalinga b/, c/ 8,268 9,008 10,155 6.1 4.9 2.9 15.7 20.3 24.3 1.0 1.0 0.7 4.5 7.6 3.3 6.6 1.7 4.0
Mt. Province 9,336 10,925 12,184 14.1 12.7 8.6 11.0 14.5 19.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 11.5 16.7 9.7 15.8 5.9 11.3

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 9,012 10,802 11,730 2.8 7.1 7.3 17.4 10.5 13.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 2.0 3.6 5.9 8.3 5.7 9.0
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/ 8,889 10,885 12,291 1.2 1.2 0.0 39.6 32.9 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 1.9 0.6 1.9 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 8,402 11,433 12,008 2.0 7.4 3.1 26.9 14.7 23.1 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.1 2.8 5.6 9.2 1.9 4.2
1/, a/
La Union 7,746 9,654 11,482 1.0 3.9 5.2 37.6 16.3 18.7 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.7 2.8 4.9 3.6 6.8
Pangasinan 1/, a/ 9,198 10,812 11,744 3.8 9.0 10.3 21.4 13.5 15.9 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.4 5.1 7.0 11.0 7.6 13.0

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 8,511 9,930 11,105 6.7 8.1 4.7 8.1 9.8 15.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 5.8 7.6 6.8 9.4 3.5 5.8
Batanes b/, c/ 13,491 12,446 12,508 7.4 3.9 8.0 15.1 40.5 24.3 1.1 1.6 1.9 5.5 9.2 1.3 6.4 4.8 11.1
Cagayan c/ 8,531 9,562 10,022 6.6 5.6 3.2 12.8 16.2 48.3 0.8 0.9 1.6 5.2 8.0 4.1 7.1 0.7 5.7
Isabela 1/, 2/ 8,536 10,300 11,826 6.5 10.7 6.0 14.2 13.9 17.3 0.9 1.5 1.0 5.0 8.0 8.2 13.1 4.3 7.8
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 8,368 8,794 9,696 9.4 7.3 3.5 13.6 20.1 26.1 1.3 1.5 0.9 7.3 11.5 4.9 9.8 2.0 5.1
Quirino a/, c/ 7,818 9,712 10,354 3.3 4.3 4.7 23.8 17.0 22.2 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.0 4.5 3.1 5.5 3.0 6.4

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 9,144 11,351 13,348 3.3 6.0 4.4 8.2 7.4 10.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 2.8 3.7 5.2 6.7 3.6 5.1
Aurora 1/ 8,421 10,503 11,292 7.9 12.4 9.0 15.0 12.8 15.0 1.2 1.6 1.4 6.0 9.9 9.8 15.0 6.8 11.2
Bataan 2/ 10,155 10,320 12,022 5.0 5.3 3.1 15.7 15.2 19.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 3.7 6.3 4.0 6.6 2.1 4.1
Bulacan 1/, a/, c/ 8,847 12,248 14,362 2.3 6.7 6.2 25.0 15.1 20.5 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.4 3.3 5.1 8.4 4.1 8.3
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/, c/ 8,653 10,352 12,104 4.1 7.3 3.9 17.8 17.6 24.7 0.7 1.3 1.0 2.9 5.3 5.2 9.4 2.3 5.4
Pampanga 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,970 11,723 13,159 1.1 2.1 0.9 36.5 22.6 30.1 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.7 1.3 2.9 0.5 1.4
c/
Tarlac 8,347 10,254 12,320 3.6 5.5 4.4 18.4 16.0 25.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.5 4.7 4.0 6.9 2.6 6.3
Zambales 10,313 12,166 13,699 8.6 11.6 9.3 12.9 10.3 11.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 6.8 10.4 9.6 13.6 7.5 11.0

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 25

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Table 4. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Population
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 9,689 10,750 13,075 3.1 4.9 3.9 9.8 9.0 9.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.6 3.6 4.1 5.6 3.3 4.5
Batangas 1/, b/, c/ 11,080 10,599 11,953 5.4 2.4 3.0 15.9 25.4 21.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 4.0 6.8 1.4 3.4 2.0 4.1
Cavite a/, b/ 10,080 12,460 14,420 2.6 4.5 4.1 23.6 21.6 18.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.6 3.6 2.9 6.1 2.8 5.4
Laguna 1/, a/, b/, c/ 8,072 10,582 13,359 2.0 4.4 3.9 27.3 22.9 20.1 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.1 2.8 2.8 6.1 2.6 5.2
Quezon 1/, 2/, c/ 7,963 9,496 10,433 4.2 11.3 3.5 19.5 13.3 23.2 0.8 1.5 0.8 2.8 5.5 8.9 13.8 2.2 4.9
Rizal a/, b/ 9,741 10,670 13,332 1.9 3.6 4.9 27.8 21.0 19.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.8 2.3 4.8 3.3 6.4

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 7,988 9,103 10,570 7.1 10.6 10.0 8.7 6.8 9.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 6.1 8.1 9.4 11.8 8.5 11.5
Marinduque 2/ 8,373 9,542 10,887 6.4 9.2 4.9 16.6 12.9 19.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 4.7 8.2 7.3 11.2 3.3 6.5
Occidental Mindoro c/ 7,412 9,332 9,915 11.5 14.9 13.5 16.5 11.7 22.4 1.9 1.7 3.0 8.4 14.5 12.1 17.8 8.5 18.5
Oriental Mindoro 8,475 9,370 10,943 6.3 9.1 9.7 17.8 16.0 19.1 1.1 1.5 1.9 4.4 8.1 6.7 11.5 6.7 12.8
Palawan 1/, a/ 7,877 8,379 10,351 4.9 8.8 9.4 21.3 14.1 15.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 3.2 6.6 6.8 10.9 7.0 11.7
2/
Romblon 8,283 9,705 11,592 11.8 16.1 11.3 12.3 10.7 13.7 1.5 1.7 1.6 9.4 14.2 13.2 18.9 8.8 13.9

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 8,340 9,750 11,451 10.0 14.4 12.8 6.0 6.2 5.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 9.0 11.0 12.9 15.9 11.6 14.0
Albay 8,524 9,557 12,073 6.3 9.3 12.8 14.4 16.9 10.6 0.9 1.6 1.4 4.8 7.7 6.7 11.8 10.6 15.0
Camarines Norte 8,493 9,835 11,666 12.7 10.1 9.0 10.7 10.8 12.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 10.5 15.0 8.3 11.9 7.1 11.0
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 8,098 10,049 11,685 10.1 22.1 15.7 13.2 10.3 10.8 1.3 2.3 1.7 7.9 12.3 18.4 25.8 12.9 18.5
Catanduanes 2/ 8,484 9,724 10,979 9.5 7.5 13.4 13.1 14.2 11.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 7.5 11.5 5.7 9.2 11.0 15.8
Masbate 7,880 8,838 9,808 13.0 11.7 8.1 12.9 13.1 14.8 1.7 1.5 1.2 10.2 15.7 9.2 14.2 6.1 10.0
Sorsogon 9,171 9,602 10,932 10.7 12.7 13.4 10.6 10.5 12.1 1.1 1.3 1.6 8.8 12.5 10.5 14.9 10.7 16.0
1/
Region VI (Western Visayas) 8,322 9,455 12,006 6.9 9.8 10.1 9.8 7.6 9.3 0.7 0.7 0.9 5.8 8.0 8.6 11.0 8.5 11.6
Aklan 2/, c/ 8,417 9,445 10,249 6.0 9.2 1.1 19.0 14.1 28.5 1.1 1.3 0.3 4.1 7.9 7.1 11.4 0.6 1.6
Antique c/ 8,185 9,254 11,328 9.5 13.2 8.5 13.2 12.7 26.3 1.3 1.7 2.2 7.5 11.6 10.5 16.0 4.8 12.2
Capiz a/, b/, c/ 7,822 9,375 11,443 1.5 2.5 4.8 28.4 30.9 20.3 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 2.2 1.2 3.7 3.2 6.3
Guimaras 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,824 9,964 10,456 4.2 8.8 2.2 24.0 21.6 29.1 1.0 1.9 0.6 2.5 5.9 5.7 11.9 1.1 3.2
Iloilo 1/ 8,816 9,841 11,688 5.6 10.6 7.9 16.7 14.4 12.0 0.9 1.5 1.0 4.1 7.2 8.1 13.1 6.3 9.5
Negros Occidental 2/ 8,110 9,190 12,286 9.0 10.5 15.7 16.0 12.4 12.8 1.5 1.3 2.0 6.7 11.4 8.4 12.7 12.4 19.0

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 8,847 10,578 11,943 9.2 16.4 13.7 7.5 5.9 16.5 0.7 1.0 2.3 8.1 10.4 14.8 18.0 10.0 17.4
Bohol 1/, 2/ 8,807 9,319 10,602 10.2 15.8 10.6 13.1 9.6 14.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 8.0 12.4 13.4 18.3 8.1 13.2
Cebu 1/, c/ 8,984 11,332 12,460 7.0 16.8 15.3 11.7 8.0 21.4 0.8 1.4 3.3 5.6 8.3 14.6 19.1 9.9 20.7
Negros Oriental 8,672 8,927 10,627 16.7 16.3 11.7 12.8 11.6 12.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 13.2 20.2 13.2 19.4 9.4 14.1
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 8,898 8,855 10,253 4.6 1.0 0.5 29.0 49.2 59.4 1.3 0.5 0.3 2.4 6.8 0.2 1.8 0.0 1.0

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 26

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Table 4. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Population
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 8,527 9,484 10,746 16.9 17.3 14.9 5.2 6.0 6.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 15.5 18.4 15.6 19.0 13.4 16.4
Biliran 1/, 2/ 8,396 10,022 10,054 7.8 13.1 5.8 12.5 11.5 16.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 6.2 9.4 10.6 15.6 4.3 7.4
Eastern Samar 9,996 10,141 11,099 26.5 24.6 25.0 8.0 9.4 10.6 2.1 2.3 2.7 23.0 30.0 20.8 28.3 20.6 29.3
Leyte 2/ 8,180 9,424 11,277 16.7 19.5 10.9 9.7 10.7 11.7 1.6 2.1 1.3 14.1 19.4 16.0 22.9 8.8 13.0
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 8,840 9,192 10,476 16.2 10.6 17.1 10.8 12.1 16.9 1.7 1.3 2.9 13.3 19.0 8.5 12.7 12.4 21.9
Southern Leyte 2/ 8,866 10,134 11,099 10.3 13.9 7.6 11.8 10.9 16.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 8.3 12.3 11.4 16.4 5.6 9.6
Samar 2/ 7,843 8,782 9,984 17.9 15.4 23.1 11.9 11.4 12.0 2.1 1.8 2.8 14.4 21.4 12.6 18.3 18.6 27.7

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 8,725 10,468 11,463 19.6 19.5 17.0 5.3 5.0 6.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 17.8 21.3 17.9 21.0 15.3 18.8
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 9,525 11,944 12,809 27.8 40.1 23.8 9.1 6.5 10.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 23.6 31.9 35.8 44.4 19.6 28.0
Zamboanga del Sur 2/ 8,218 8,444 11,080 12.9 10.0 15.8 9.9 11.0 9.0 1.3 1.1 1.4 10.8 15.0 8.2 11.8 13.5 18.1
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 7,982 8,622 9,004 22.6 16.6 12.2 10.1 9.8 11.0 2.3 1.6 1.3 18.8 26.3 13.9 19.3 10.0 14.4
1/, b/, c/
Isabela City 8,867 8,446 10,063 37.1 8.3 6.4 9.8 20.6 34.3 3.7 1.7 2.2 31.1 43.1 5.5 11.2 2.8 10.0

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1/ 8,559 9,964 11,490 12.7 15.0 13.4 4.9 6.1 5.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 11.7 13.7 13.5 16.5 12.1 14.6
Bukidnon 8,862 10,031 11,207 15.3 19.9 15.0 9.6 11.4 12.3 1.5 2.3 1.8 12.9 17.8 16.2 23.6 11.9 18.0
Camiguin 2/, c/ 8,909 9,935 11,148 11.4 10.1 3.7 15.0 14.0 26.3 1.7 1.4 1.0 8.6 14.2 7.8 12.5 2.1 5.3
Lanao del Norte 1/ 8,439 9,850 11,140 11.1 19.5 18.4 9.8 11.1 10.2 1.1 2.2 1.9 9.3 12.9 15.9 23.1 15.4 21.5
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 8,393 10,436 12,155 18.1 9.5 15.2 10.4 14.6 10.2 1.9 1.4 1.5 15.0 21.2 7.2 11.8 12.6 17.7
Misamis Oriental 8,306 9,829 11,997 9.4 10.1 8.5 8.5 9.0 9.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 8.1 10.7 8.6 11.6 7.2 9.9

1/, c/
Region XI (Davao Region) 8,880 9,289 10,685 9.6 7.1 13.9 7.6 7.2 32.6 0.7 0.5 4.5 8.4 10.7 6.2 7.9 6.4 21.3
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 8,917 9,440 10,751 5.8 6.2 7.9 18.1 20.7 31.7 1.1 1.3 2.5 4.1 7.6 4.1 8.3 3.8 12.0
Davao del Sur a/, c/ 9,027 9,352 10,377 5.7 3.6 17.0 22.1 15.7 51.4 1.3 0.6 8.7 3.6 7.8 2.7 4.5 2.6 31.4
Davao Oriental 2/ 8,823 9,589 12,012 16.6 12.6 23.8 11.1 15.0 9.3 1.8 1.9 2.2 13.6 19.6 9.5 15.7 20.1 27.4
Davao de Oro 2/ 8,756 9,076 10,312 13.6 10.1 4.0 11.4 16.1 19.4 1.6 1.6 0.8 11.1 16.2 7.4 12.8 2.7 5.3
Davao Occidental 8,831 8,962 9,636 22.8 19.4 13.2 11.0 13.7 18.4 2.5 2.7 2.4 18.7 26.9 15.1 23.8 9.2 17.2

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 8,392 9,254 10,268 17.6 17.1 14.0 5.6 5.6 7.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 16.0 19.2 15.5 18.6 12.3 15.6
Cotabato 8,229 9,721 10,796 17.5 16.1 16.0 11.6 12.7 12.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 14.2 20.9 12.7 19.4 12.7 19.2
Sarangani 2/ 7,796 8,553 9,680 27.3 29.8 19.8 11.6 8.9 15.3 3.2 2.6 3.0 22.1 32.5 25.5 34.2 14.8 24.7
South Cotabato 2/ 8,740 8,635 10,011 10.1 12.8 6.8 14.9 11.6 13.5 1.5 1.5 0.9 7.6 12.5 10.3 15.2 5.3 8.3
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 8,071 8,800 10,180 22.9 15.2 20.9 9.6 13.0 14.0 2.2 2.0 2.9 19.3 26.6 11.9 18.4 16.1 25.7

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 27

p
Table 4. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Per Capita Food First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Population
Threshold
Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province (in PhP)
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 8,643 9,520 10,151 14.7 19.1 11.0 5.1 4.7 7.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 13.5 16.0 17.7 20.6 9.6 12.5
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 7,911 9,679 10,132 11.3 16.8 12.1 9.1 7.5 9.3 1.0 1.3 1.1 9.6 13.0 14.8 18.9 10.3 14.0
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 8,471 9,738 10,000 18.1 27.4 13.5 10.8 8.4 11.5 1.9 2.3 1.6 14.9 21.2 23.6 31.1 11.0 16.1
Surigao del Norte 2/ 9,636 9,144 10,232 17.7 15.9 4.6 10.0 12.4 19.9 1.8 2.0 0.9 14.8 20.6 12.7 19.2 3.1 6.1
Surigao del Sur c/ 8,328 9,063 9,947 11.4 15.3 11.6 12.2 11.2 25.5 1.4 1.7 3.0 9.1 13.7 12.5 18.1 6.7 16.5
Dinagat Islands 9,198 10,028 11,689 19.7 17.3 14.9 12.5 15.3 17.9 2.5 2.7 2.7 15.6 23.7 12.9 21.7 10.5 19.2

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 9,577 9,956 10,523 36.1 21.5 18.1 3.5 5.4 4.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 34.0 38.2 19.6 23.4 16.6 19.5
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
1/
Basilan 8,877 9,585 10,603 46.5 29.8 31.5 5.6 9.7 8.1 2.6 2.9 2.6 42.2 50.7 25.0 34.6 27.3 35.7
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 10,324 10,227 11,512 48.6 1.4 4.0 5.1 33.5 21.4 2.5 0.5 0.9 44.5 52.7 0.6 2.2 2.6 5.4
Maguindanao 1/, 2/ 8,919 8,952 9,584 29.7 18.3 24.2 8.9 11.4 7.9 2.6 2.1 1.9 25.3 34.0 14.9 21.7 21.1 27.4
Sulu 1/, 2/ 9,733 10,732 10,328 38.1 47.7 8.6 5.5 7.5 17.0 2.1 3.6 1.5 34.6 41.5 41.8 53.6 6.2 11.0
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 6,911 9,314 10,892 8.0 21.3 33.6 14.8 10.1 9.2 1.2 2.2 3.1 6.1 10.0 17.8 24.9 28.5 38.7
Cotabato City 10,262 11,696 13,230 24.5 26.1 26.9 10.7 8.6 9.1 2.6 2.2 2.5 20.2 28.9 22.4 29.7 22.9 31.0
Notes:

1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).

3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 subsistence incidence among population is greater than 20%.

b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 subsistence incidence among population is greater than 20%.

c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 subsistence incidence among population is greater than 20%.

p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 28

Table 4a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

Subsistence Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 8,849 10,071 11,460 8.5 9.9 8.7 1.7 1.8 4.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 8.3 8.8 9.6 10.2 8.1 9.3
2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.0 1.9 0.9 8.1 8.7 14.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.2 0.7 1.1
1st District
City of Manila 1/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.3 0.2 1.2 22.0 77.9 38.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.5 3.2 0.0 0.5 0.4 1.9
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.4 0.1 0.5 55.3 100.1 57.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.9
City of Marikina a/, b/ c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.9 0.5 0.1 31.9 48.0 88.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.3
City of Pasig 1/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.0 2.5 1.6 36.7 23.1 28.7 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.5 3.4 0.9 2.4
Quezon City a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.3 1.4 0.4 33.3 32.0 70.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.9 0.7 2.1 0.0 0.9
City of San Juan a/, d/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.6 0.0 0.0 73.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.9 3.2 1.2 17.7 19.7 38.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.8 5.1 2.2 4.3 0.5 2.0
City of Malabon 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.7 2.2 0.3 18.1 23.8 60.3 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.6 4.7 1.4 3.1 0.0 0.5
City of Navotas 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.7 3.2 0.5 15.0 23.8 43.7 0.6 0.8 0.2 2.8 4.6 1.9 4.4 0.1 0.9
City of Valenzuela 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.5 1.0 0.3 19.6 27.2 60.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.7 3.3 0.6 1.5 0.0 0.6
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.3 1.9 0.5 26.5 28.4 47.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.7 1.8 1.0 2.8 0.1 0.8
City of Makati a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 0.6 1.1 1.0 52.3 44.0 54.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.1 1.2 0.3 1.9 0.1 1.8
City of Muntinlupa 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.2 2.9 0.0 21.3 31.8 0.0 0.7 0.9 0.0 2.1 4.3 1.4 4.3 0.0 0.0
City of Parañaque a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.1 2.5 0.9 27.4 26.7 63.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.2 3.1 1.4 3.6 0.0 1.8
Pasay City 2/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 3.7 4.1 0.3 17.7 23.3 94.8 0.7 1.0 0.3 2.6 4.8 2.5 5.7 0.0 0.7
Pateros a/, b/, c/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 2.4 2.7 1.5 40.1 37.7 38.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.8 3.9 1.0 4.4 0.6 2.4
City of Taguig 1/, a/ 9,848 11,609 13,061 1.3 4.1 2.7 32.5 19.9 20.0 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 2.0 2.8 5.4 1.8 3.5

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 2/ 8,622 9,796 11,206 7.9 6.7 4.9 5.9 6.4 10.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 7.1 8.7 6.0 7.4 4.1 5.8
Abra 1/ 8,664 10,299 11,622 18.5 11.8 12.7 8.5 11.7 19.7 1.6 1.4 2.5 15.9 21.1 9.5 14.0 8.6 16.9
Apayao 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 8,047 8,936 9,963 13.1 6.2 1.6 19.4 27.9 56.7 2.5 1.7 0.9 8.9 17.3 3.3 9.0 0.1 3.0
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 8,239 9,312 10,769 5.2 6.8 5.6 18.1 13.9 19.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 3.6 6.7 5.2 8.3 3.8 7.4
City of Baguio 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,478 9,361 11,191 1.3 1.8 0.6 33.4 23.2 47.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 2.1 1.1 2.5 0.1 1.0
Ifugao 2/, c/ 9,207 10,074 10,502 7.2 6.9 3.2 18.7 17.9 21.9 1.4 1.2 0.7 5.0 9.4 4.9 9.0 2.1 4.4
Kalinga b/, c/ 8,268 9,008 10,155 6.1 4.9 2.9 15.7 20.3 24.3 1.0 1.0 0.7 4.5 7.6 3.3 6.6 1.7 4.0
Mt. Province 9,336 10,925 12,184 14.1 12.7 8.6 11.0 14.5 19.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 11.5 16.7 9.7 15.8 5.9 11.3

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 9,012 10,802 11,730 2.8 7.1 7.3 17.4 10.5 13.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 2.0 3.6 5.9 8.3 5.7 9.0
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,889 10,885 12,291 1.2 1.2 0.0 39.6 32.9 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 1.9 0.6 1.9 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 8,402 11,433 12,008 2.0 7.4 3.1 26.9 14.7 23.1 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.1 2.8 5.6 9.2 1.9 4.2
La Union 1/, a/ 7,746 9,654 11,482 1.0 3.9 5.2 37.6 16.3 18.7 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.7 2.8 4.9 3.6 6.8
Pangasinan 1/, a/ 9,198 10,812 11,744 3.8 9.0 10.3 21.4 13.5 15.9 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.4 5.1 7.0 11.0 7.6 13.0

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 29

Table 4a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

Subsistence Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

2/
Region II (Cagayan Valley) 8,511 9,930 11,105 6.7 8.1 4.7 8.1 9.8 15.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 5.8 7.6 6.8 9.4 3.5 5.8
Batanes b/, c/ 13,491 12,446 12,508 7.4 3.9 8.0 15.1 40.5 24.3 1.1 1.6 1.9 5.5 9.2 1.3 6.4 4.8 11.1
Cagayan c/ 8,531 9,562 10,022 6.6 5.6 3.2 12.8 16.2 48.3 0.8 0.9 1.6 5.2 8.0 4.1 7.1 0.7 5.7
Isabela 1/, 2/ 8,536 10,300 11,826 6.5 10.7 6.0 14.2 13.9 17.3 0.9 1.5 1.0 5.0 8.0 8.2 13.1 4.3 7.8
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 8,368 8,794 9,696 9.4 7.3 3.5 13.6 20.1 26.1 1.3 1.5 0.9 7.3 11.5 4.9 9.8 2.0 5.1
Quirino a/, c/ 7,818 9,712 10,354 3.3 4.3 4.7 23.8 17.0 22.2 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.0 4.5 3.1 5.5 3.0 6.4

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 9,144 11,351 13,348 3.3 6.0 4.4 8.2 7.4 10.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 2.8 3.7 5.2 6.7 3.6 5.1
Aurora 1/ 8,421 10,503 11,292 7.9 12.4 9.0 15.0 12.8 15.0 1.2 1.6 1.4 6.0 9.9 9.8 15.0 6.8 11.2
Bataan 2/ 10,155 10,320 12,022 5.0 5.3 3.1 15.7 15.2 19.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 3.7 6.3 4.0 6.6 2.1 4.1
Bulacan 1/, a/, c/ 8,847 12,248 14,362 2.3 6.7 6.2 25.0 15.1 20.5 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.4 3.3 5.1 8.4 4.1 8.3
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/, c/ 8,653 10,352 12,104 4.1 7.3 3.9 17.8 17.6 24.7 0.7 1.3 1.0 2.9 5.3 5.2 9.4 2.3 5.4
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) a/, b/, c/ 8,955 11,668 13,089 1.2 2.1 0.9 39.1 27.5 34.2 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.9 1.1 3.0 0.4 1.5
City of Angeles 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,930 11,941 13,525 0.5 2.4 0.8 43.2 25.9 57.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.8 1.4 3.4 0.1 1.5
Tarlac c/ 8,347 10,254 12,320 3.6 5.5 4.4 18.4 16.0 25.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.5 4.7 4.0 6.9 2.6 6.3
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 10,284 12,110 13,608 10.4 13.5 10.8 14.4 11.8 12.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 7.9 12.8 10.9 16.1 8.6 13.1
City of Olongapo 1/, c/ 10,513 12,488 14,236 4.0 6.4 5.0 19.6 15.4 21.4 0.8 1.0 1.1 2.7 5.2 4.8 8.1 3.3 6.8

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 9,689 10,750 13,075 3.1 4.9 3.9 9.8 9.0 9.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.6 3.6 4.1 5.6 3.3 4.5
Batangas 1/, b/, c/ 11,080 10,599 11,953 5.4 2.4 3.0 15.9 25.4 21.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 4.0 6.8 1.4 3.4 2.0 4.1
Cavite a/, b/ 10,080 12,460 14,420 2.6 4.5 4.1 23.6 21.6 18.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.6 3.6 2.9 6.1 2.8 5.4
Laguna 1/, a/, b/, c/ 8,072 10,582 13,359 2.0 4.4 3.9 27.3 22.9 20.1 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.1 2.8 2.8 6.1 2.6 5.2
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 7,941 9,481 10,388 4.3 12.5 3.6 21.4 13.6 25.8 0.9 1.7 0.9 2.8 5.8 9.7 15.3 2.1 5.1
City of Lucena a/, b/, c/ 8,165 9,889 10,804 3.3 3.1 3.1 29.7 25.1 31.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.7 4.9 1.8 4.4 1.5 4.6
Rizal a/, b/ 9,741 10,670 13,332 1.9 3.6 4.9 27.8 21.0 19.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.8 2.3 4.8 3.3 6.4

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 7,988 9,103 10,570 7.1 10.6 10.0 8.7 6.8 9.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 6.1 8.1 9.4 11.8 8.5 11.5
Marinduque 2/ 8,373 9,542 10,887 6.4 9.2 4.9 16.6 12.9 19.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 4.7 8.2 7.3 11.2 3.3 6.5
Occidental Mindoro c/ 7,412 9,332 9,915 11.5 14.9 13.5 16.5 11.7 22.4 1.9 1.7 3.0 8.4 14.5 12.1 17.8 8.5 18.5
Oriental Mindoro 8,475 9,370 10,943 6.3 9.1 9.7 17.8 16.0 19.1 1.1 1.5 1.9 4.4 8.1 6.7 11.5 6.7 12.8
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1/, a/ 7,867 8,358 10,341 6.0 10.8 11.9 22.5 15.0 14.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 3.8 8.2 8.2 13.5 9.1 14.7
City of Puerto Princesa a/, b/, c/ 8,042 8,703 10,692 1.1 2.3 1.1 38.3 27.6 35.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.9 1.3 3.4 0.5 1.7
Romblon 2/ 8,283 9,705 11,592 11.8 16.1 11.3 12.3 10.7 13.7 1.5 1.7 1.6 9.4 14.2 13.2 18.9 8.8 13.9

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 8,340 9,750 11,451 10.0 14.4 12.8 6.0 6.2 5.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 9.0 11.0 12.9 15.9 11.6 14.0
Albay 8,524 9,557 12,073 6.3 9.3 12.8 14.4 16.9 10.6 0.9 1.6 1.4 4.8 7.7 6.7 11.8 10.6 15.0
Camarines Norte 8,493 9,835 11,666 12.7 10.1 9.0 10.7 10.8 12.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 10.5 15.0 8.3 11.9 7.1 11.0
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 8,098 10,049 11,685 10.1 22.1 15.7 13.2 10.3 10.8 1.3 2.3 1.7 7.9 12.3 18.4 25.8 12.9 18.5
Catanduanes 2/ 8,484 9,724 10,979 9.5 7.5 13.4 13.1 14.2 11.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 7.5 11.5 5.7 9.2 11.0 15.8
Masbate 7,880 8,838 9,808 13.0 11.7 8.1 12.9 13.1 14.8 1.7 1.5 1.2 10.2 15.7 9.2 14.2 6.1 10.0
Sorsogon 9,171 9,602 10,932 10.7 12.7 13.4 10.6 10.5 12.1 1.1 1.3 1.6 8.8 12.5 10.5 14.9 10.7 16.0

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 30

Table 4a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

Subsistence Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/
Region VI (Western Visayas) 8,322 9,455 12,006 6.9 9.8 10.1 9.8 7.6 9.3 0.7 0.7 0.9 5.8 8.0 8.6 11.0 8.5 11.6
Aklan 2/, c/ 8,417 9,445 10,249 6.0 9.2 1.1 19.0 14.1 28.5 1.1 1.3 0.3 4.1 7.9 7.1 11.4 0.6 1.6
Antique c/ 8,185 9,254 11,328 9.5 13.2 8.5 13.2 12.7 26.3 1.3 1.7 2.2 7.5 11.6 10.5 16.0 4.8 12.2
Capiz a/, b/, c/ 7,822 9,375 11,443 1.5 2.5 4.8 28.4 30.9 20.3 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 2.2 1.2 3.7 3.2 6.3
Guimaras 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 8,824 9,964 10,456 4.2 8.8 2.2 24.0 21.6 29.1 1.0 1.9 0.6 2.5 5.9 5.7 11.9 1.1 3.2
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 1/ 8,802 9,809 11,657 6.7 12.3 9.1 17.3 15.2 12.8 1.2 1.9 1.2 4.8 8.6 9.2 15.3 7.2 11.1
City of Iloilo 1/, a/, c/ 8,986 10,367 12,223 1.0 3.2 2.4 40.0 19.1 26.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.7 2.2 4.2 1.3 3.4
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 8,107 9,186 12,278 10.8 12.7 18.3 16.4 12.6 13.2 1.8 1.6 2.4 7.9 13.8 10.1 15.3 14.3 22.3
City of Bacolod 2/, a/, b/ 8,071 9,346 12,416 1.3 1.4 4.8 33.2 27.9 19.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 2.0 0.8 2.0 3.3 6.4
Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 8,847 10,578 11,943 9.2 16.4 13.7 7.5 5.9 16.5 0.7 1.0 2.3 8.1 10.4 14.8 18.0 10.0 17.4
Bohol 1/, 2/ 8,807 9,319 10,602 10.2 15.8 10.6 13.1 9.6 14.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 8.0 12.4 13.4 18.3 8.1 13.2
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/ 8,944 11,242 12,408 8.3 22.1 21.4 14.8 9.2 18.8 1.2 2.0 4.0 6.3 10.3 18.7 25.4 14.8 28.0
City of Cebu 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 9,087 11,810 12,904 5.0 8.7 3.9 20.5 14.8 22.5 1.0 1.3 0.9 3.3 6.7 6.6 10.8 2.4 5.3
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/, a/ 9,111 11,810 12,938 3.5 6.1 4.8 21.3 15.3 15.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.3 4.8 4.6 7.6 3.6 6.1
City of Mandaue a/, c/ 8,977 11,810 12,992 4.8 6.2 4.5 21.5 15.4 21.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.1 6.4 4.6 7.7 2.9 6.1
Negros Oriental 8,672 8,927 10,627 16.7 16.3 11.7 12.8 11.6 12.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 13.2 20.2 13.2 19.4 9.4 14.1
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 8,898 8,855 10,253 4.6 1.0 0.5 29.0 49.2 59.4 1.3 0.5 0.3 2.4 6.8 0.2 1.8 0.0 1.0

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 8,527 9,484 10,746 16.9 17.3 14.9 5.2 6.0 6.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 15.5 18.4 15.6 19.0 13.4 16.4
Biliran 1/, 2/ 8,396 10,022 10,054 7.8 13.1 5.8 12.5 11.5 16.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 6.2 9.4 10.6 15.6 4.3 7.4
Eastern Samar 9,996 10,141 11,099 26.5 24.6 25.0 8.0 9.4 10.6 2.1 2.3 2.7 23.0 30.0 20.8 28.3 20.6 29.3
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 8,175 9,402 11,267 18.1 21.1 11.7 10.1 11.2 12.4 1.8 2.4 1.5 15.1 21.1 17.2 25.0 9.3 14.0
City of Tacloban 8,275 9,869 11,429 6.7 7.6 5.8 14.8 14.3 14.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 5.1 8.4 5.8 9.4 4.4 7.1
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 8,840 9,192 10,476 16.2 10.6 17.1 10.8 12.1 16.9 1.7 1.3 2.9 13.3 19.0 8.5 12.7 12.4 21.9
Southern Leyte 2/ 8,866 10,134 11,099 10.3 13.9 7.6 11.8 10.9 16.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 8.3 12.3 11.4 16.4 5.6 9.6
Samar 2/ 7,843 8,782 9,984 17.9 15.4 23.1 11.9 11.4 12.0 2.1 1.8 2.8 14.4 21.4 12.6 18.3 18.6 27.7
Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 8,725 10,468 11,463 19.6 19.5 17.0 5.3 5.0 6.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 17.8 21.3 17.9 21.0 15.3 18.8
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 9,525 11,944 12,809 27.8 40.1 23.8 9.1 6.5 10.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 23.6 31.9 35.8 44.4 19.6 28.0
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 2/ 8,145 8,415 11,035 19.7 16.9 25.9 11.2 11.5 9.4 2.2 1.9 2.4 16.1 23.4 13.7 20.1 21.8 29.9
City of Zamboanga 1/, b/, c/ 8,530 8,746 11,406 5.2 1.9 4.1 16.4 27.0 27.2 0.9 0.5 1.1 3.8 6.7 1.1 2.8 2.3 5.9
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 7,982 8,622 9,004 22.6 16.6 12.2 10.1 9.8 11.0 2.3 1.6 1.3 18.8 26.3 13.9 19.3 10.0 14.4
1/, b/, c/
Isabela City 8,867 8,446 10,063 37.1 8.3 6.4 9.8 20.6 34.3 3.7 1.7 2.2 31.1 43.1 5.5 11.2 2.8 10.0
Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1/ 8,559 9,964 11,490 12.7 15.0 13.4 4.9 6.1 5.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 11.7 13.7 13.5 16.5 12.1 14.6
Bukidnon 8,862 10,031 11,207 15.3 19.9 15.0 9.6 11.4 12.3 1.5 2.3 1.8 12.9 17.8 16.2 23.6 11.9 18.0
Camiguin 2/, c/ 8,909 9,935 11,148 11.4 10.1 3.7 15.0 14.0 26.3 1.7 1.4 1.0 8.6 14.2 7.8 12.5 2.1 5.3
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 8,384 9,790 11,090 11.8 25.0 22.9 11.4 12.4 11.4 1.4 3.1 2.6 9.6 14.1 19.9 30.1 18.6 27.3
City of Iligan 8,575 10,241 11,422 9.8 8.0 8.8 19.1 15.0 17.2 1.9 1.2 1.5 6.7 12.8 6.0 10.0 6.3 11.2
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 8,393 10,436 12,155 18.1 9.5 15.2 10.4 14.6 10.2 1.9 1.4 1.5 15.0 21.2 7.2 11.8 12.6 17.7
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 8,270 9,765 11,897 12.2 13.7 11.2 10.1 10.4 11.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 10.2 14.2 11.3 16.0 9.1 13.3
City of Cagayan De Oro 8,402 10,034 12,275 5.7 5.5 5.2 15.9 16.0 18.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 4.2 7.2 4.0 6.9 3.6 6.7

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 31

Table 4a. First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

Subsistence Incidence among Population

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold
90% Confidence Interval
(in PhP) Estimate (%) Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 8,880 9,289 10,685 9.6 7.1 13.9 7.6 7.2 32.6 0.7 0.5 4.5 8.4 10.7 6.2 7.9 6.4 21.3
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 8,917 9,440 10,751 5.8 6.2 7.9 18.1 20.7 31.7 1.1 1.3 2.5 4.1 7.6 4.1 8.3 3.8 12.0
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 8,934 9,247 10,133 8.2 5.7 6.5 13.9 16.9 14.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 6.3 10.1 4.1 7.3 4.9 8.1
City of Davao a/, b/, c/ 9,089 9,434 10,405 4.7 2.8 21.0 36.1 24.4 53.3 1.7 0.7 11.2 1.9 7.5 1.7 3.9 2.6 39.3
Davao Oriental 2/ 8,823 9,589 12,012 16.6 12.6 23.8 11.1 15.0 9.3 1.8 1.9 2.2 13.6 19.6 9.5 15.7 20.1 27.4
Davao de Oro 2/ 8,756 9,076 10,312 13.6 10.1 4.0 11.4 16.1 19.4 1.6 1.6 0.8 11.1 16.2 7.4 12.8 2.7 5.3
Davao Occidental 8,831 8,962 9,636 22.8 19.4 13.2 11.0 13.7 18.4 2.5 2.7 2.4 18.7 26.9 15.1 23.8 9.2 17.2

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 8,392 9,254 10,268 17.6 17.1 14.0 5.6 5.6 7.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 16.0 19.2 15.5 18.6 12.3 15.6
Cotabato 8,229 9,721 10,796 17.5 16.1 16.0 11.6 12.7 12.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 14.2 20.9 12.7 19.4 12.7 19.2
Sarangani 2/ 7,796 8,553 9,680 27.3 29.8 19.8 11.6 8.9 15.3 3.2 2.6 3.0 22.1 32.5 25.5 34.2 14.8 24.7
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 2/ 8,705 8,555 9,958 12.2 14.5 8.2 19.1 15.7 16.5 2.3 2.3 1.4 8.3 16.0 10.7 18.2 6.0 10.5
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/, c/ 8,837 8,810 10,160 6.8 10.1 4.6 17.5 13.9 21.8 1.2 1.4 1.0 4.8 8.8 7.8 12.4 3.0 6.2
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 8,071 8,800 10,180 22.9 15.2 20.9 9.6 13.0 14.0 2.2 2.0 2.9 19.3 26.6 11.9 18.4 16.1 25.7

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 8,643 9,520 10,151 14.7 19.1 11.0 5.1 4.7 7.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 13.5 16.0 17.7 20.6 9.6 12.5
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 7,838 9,457 10,096 12.9 17.5 14.3 12.5 10.0 12.1 1.6 1.8 1.7 10.3 15.6 14.6 20.3 11.4 17.1
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 8,013 9,930 10,186 9.6 16.2 9.8 13.1 11.2 14.5 1.3 1.8 1.4 7.5 11.6 13.2 19.2 7.5 12.2
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 8,471 9,738 10,000 18.1 27.4 13.5 10.8 8.4 11.5 1.9 2.3 1.6 14.9 21.2 23.6 31.1 11.0 16.1
Surigao del Norte 2/ 9,636 9,144 10,232 17.7 15.9 4.6 10.0 12.4 19.9 1.8 2.0 0.9 14.8 20.6 12.7 19.2 3.1 6.1
Surigao del Sur c/ 8,328 9,063 9,947 11.4 15.3 11.6 12.2 11.2 25.5 1.4 1.7 3.0 9.1 13.7 12.5 18.1 6.7 16.5
Dinagat Islands 9,198 10,028 11,689 19.7 17.3 14.9 12.5 15.3 17.9 2.5 2.7 2.7 15.6 23.7 12.9 21.7 10.5 19.2

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 9,577 9,956 10,523 36.1 21.5 18.1 3.5 5.4 4.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 34.0 38.2 19.6 23.4 16.6 19.5
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 8,877 9,585 10,603 46.5 29.8 31.5 5.6 9.7 8.1 2.6 2.9 2.6 42.2 50.7 25.0 34.6 27.3 35.7
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 10,324 10,227 11,512 48.6 1.4 4.0 5.1 33.5 21.4 2.5 0.5 0.9 44.5 52.7 0.6 2.2 2.6 5.4
Maguindanao 1/, 2/ 8,919 8,952 9,584 29.7 18.3 24.2 8.9 11.4 7.9 2.6 2.1 1.9 25.3 34.0 14.9 21.7 21.1 27.4
Sulu 1/, 2/ 9,733 10,732 10,328 38.1 47.7 8.6 5.5 7.5 17.0 2.1 3.6 1.5 34.6 41.5 41.8 53.6 6.2 11.0
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 6,911 9,314 10,892 8.0 21.3 33.6 14.8 10.1 9.2 1.2 2.2 3.1 6.1 10.0 17.8 24.9 28.5 38.7
Cotabato City 10,262 11,696 13,230 24.5 26.1 26.9 10.7 8.6 9.1 2.6 2.2 2.5 20.2 28.9 22.4 29.7 22.9 31.0
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 subsistence incidence among population is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 subsistence incidence among population is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 subsistence incidence among population is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 32

Table 5. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/ 4,039.41 4,739.81 4,511.81 1.16 1.30 2.82 46.96 61.55 127.33 3,962.17 4,116.65 4,638.56 4,841.06 4,302.36 4,721.26

1/, 2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 156.93 182.55 120.82 5.60 4.82 6.33 8.78 8.80 7.65 142.48 171.37 168.07 197.03 108.25 133.40
1st District 1/, a/, b/, c/ 25.84 9.91 19.04 20.10 21.15 21.96 5.19 2.09 4.18 17.30 34.39 6.46 13.35 12.16 25.92
2/
2nd District 38.67 46.62 31.97 12.67 9.96 13.76 4.90 4.64 4.40 30.61 46.72 38.98 54.26 24.73 39.20
3rd District 2/ 54.56 57.57 34.64 8.02 8.23 10.01 4.37 4.74 3.47 47.37 61.76 49.77 65.37 28.94 40.35
4th District 1/, 2/ 37.85 68.45 35.17 7.00 7.88 8.80 2.65 5.39 3.10 33.49 42.21 59.58 77.33 30.08 40.27

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 61.49 54.01 43.51 4.18 4.31 6.02 2.57 2.33 2.62 57.26 65.72 50.18 57.84 39.20 47.82
Abra 1/ 17.44 12.48 11.69 7.36 8.19 11.61 1.28 1.02 1.36 15.33 19.55 10.80 14.16 9.45 13.92
1/, 2/, b/, c/
Apayao 6.81 3.52 1.56 15.08 20.18 23.22 1.03 0.71 0.36 5.12 8.49 2.35 4.69 0.97 2.16
1/
Benguet 13.16 17.37 15.54 10.63 8.15 11.57 1.40 1.41 1.80 10.86 15.46 15.04 19.69 12.58 18.49
Ifugao 7.68 6.46 4.88 11.33 13.46 10.56 0.87 0.87 0.52 6.25 9.11 5.03 7.89 4.03 5.73
Kalinga 2/ 5.88 5.52 2.95 10.38 12.18 15.79 0.61 0.67 0.47 4.87 6.88 4.41 6.62 2.19 3.72
Mt. Province 10.54 8.67 6.89 8.66 9.40 15.76 0.91 0.82 1.09 9.04 12.04 7.33 10.01 5.11 8.68

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 108.38 200.26 185.10 8.14 6.14 9.67 8.82 12.29 17.90 93.88 122.89 180.04 220.48 155.65 214.55
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 7.99 9.59 0.77 16.53 17.87 37.85 1.32 1.72 0.29 5.82 10.16 6.77 12.42 0.29 1.26
1/, 2/
Ilocos Sur 14.69 30.58 16.28 11.40 9.07 11.19 1.67 2.77 1.82 11.93 17.44 26.02 35.14 13.28 19.28
1/
La Union 7.05 21.50 25.87 18.90 11.51 11.44 1.33 2.47 2.96 4.86 9.25 17.43 25.57 21.00 30.74
Pangasinan 1/ 78.66 138.58 142.17 10.75 8.36 12.35 8.45 11.59 17.56 64.75 92.56 119.52 157.65 113.28 171.06

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 133.27 147.31 107.62 5.84 6.85 10.10 7.79 10.09 10.87 120.47 146.08 130.71 163.91 89.73 125.51
a/, b/
Batanes 0.76 0.41 0.57 21.03 20.64 19.38 0.16 0.08 0.11 0.49 1.02 0.27 0.54 0.39 0.75
Cagayan c/ 43.62 38.57 26.97 9.43 11.64 32.89 4.11 4.49 8.87 36.86 50.39 31.18 45.95 12.38 41.56
1/, 2/
Isabela 62.56 86.15 59.68 10.03 10.15 10.10 6.28 8.74 6.03 52.24 72.89 71.77 100.53 49.76 69.59
Nueva Vizcaya 21.53 16.85 15.03 9.27 13.07 10.84 2.00 2.20 1.63 18.24 24.81 13.23 20.48 12.35 17.72
Quirino 4.81 5.33 5.37 11.33 11.45 13.86 0.54 0.61 0.74 3.91 5.70 4.33 6.33 4.14 6.59

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/ 218.57 409.51 363.64 5.15 5.83 6.57 11.25 23.86 23.91 200.06 237.08 370.26 448.76 324.31 402.97
Aurora 1/ 9.57 13.31 11.39 10.26 9.31 11.63 0.98 1.24 1.32 7.95 11.18 11.27 15.34 9.21 13.57
Bataan 21.31 26.19 23.28 10.02 10.06 14.13 2.14 2.63 3.29 17.80 24.82 21.86 30.53 17.87 28.69
Bulacan 1/ 39.79 132.02 149.09 16.43 15.08 14.10 6.54 19.91 21.02 29.04 50.54 99.27 164.77 114.51 183.66
1/
Nueva Ecija 55.00 97.65 75.24 10.67 10.62 11.71 5.87 10.37 8.81 45.35 64.65 80.59 114.70 60.75 89.74
Pampanga 1/, 2/, a/ 22.91 42.94 26.50 21.29 11.69 13.47 4.88 5.02 3.57 14.89 30.94 34.69 51.20 20.62 32.37
1/, 2/
Tarlac 34.37 46.47 34.32 10.03 9.33 11.45 3.45 4.34 3.93 28.70 40.04 39.34 53.61 27.86 40.79
Zambales 1/ 35.62 50.93 43.82 8.06 7.06 7.73 2.87 3.60 3.39 30.90 40.34 45.01 56.84 38.25 49.39

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 33

Table 5. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 281.33 431.59 409.02 6.13 5.90 5.27 17.24 25.45 21.56 252.98 309.68 389.73 473.46 373.54 444.49
Batangas 1/ 83.27 53.25 67.11 10.94 16.49 11.45 9.11 8.78 7.69 68.28 98.26 38.80 67.69 54.46 79.75
Cavite 1/ 56.40 117.83 104.96 14.11 12.91 10.15 7.96 15.21 10.65 43.31 69.48 92.81 142.85 87.44 122.48
Laguna 1/ 42.20 94.38 95.09 16.81 13.73 12.21 7.10 12.96 11.61 30.53 53.87 73.06 115.70 76.00 114.19
Quezon 1/, 2/ 65.80 120.25 72.57 12.93 9.09 13.98 8.51 10.93 10.15 51.80 79.79 102.26 138.24 55.87 89.26
Rizal 2/ 33.67 45.88 69.28 15.73 15.67 10.68 5.30 7.19 7.40 24.95 42.38 34.05 57.71 57.11 81.46

1/
MIMAROPA REGION 118.46 152.22 155.41 4.94 4.51 7.11 5.85 6.86 11.05 108.84 128.09 140.94 163.51 137.22 173.59
Marinduque 8.86 10.84 8.63 9.34 9.47 9.78 0.83 1.03 0.84 7.50 10.22 9.15 12.53 7.24 10.02
Occidental Mindoro 28.79 31.66 26.48 10.68 9.21 14.62 3.07 2.92 3.87 23.73 33.85 26.87 36.46 20.11 32.85
Oriental Mindoro 27.91 35.27 41.97 11.22 11.26 10.10 3.13 3.97 4.24 22.75 33.06 28.74 41.80 35.00 48.94
Palawan 1/ 33.36 50.14 56.27 10.25 8.70 16.52 3.42 4.36 9.30 27.74 38.99 42.96 57.32 40.98 71.57
Romblon 1/ 19.54 24.30 22.06 8.23 6.78 6.54 1.61 1.65 1.44 16.90 22.19 21.59 27.01 19.69 24.44

1/
Region V (Bicol Region) 292.27 349.14 344.23 3.80 3.90 4.51 11.10 13.62 15.53 274.00 310.53 326.74 371.54 318.69 369.78
Albay 2/ 48.70 56.97 78.67 8.09 9.23 6.85 3.94 5.26 5.39 42.22 55.18 48.32 65.62 69.80 87.54
Camarines Norte 36.30 30.70 31.70 8.22 8.53 7.59 2.98 2.62 2.40 31.39 41.20 26.39 35.00 27.74 35.65
Camarines Sur 1/ 87.24 152.32 123.65 9.14 7.34 10.20 7.97 11.18 12.62 74.12 100.35 133.93 170.70 102.89 144.41
Catanduanes 2/ 12.10 10.33 15.17 8.38 8.50 7.40 1.01 0.88 1.12 10.43 13.77 8.89 11.78 13.33 17.02
Masbate 61.84 50.82 39.38 7.69 7.04 12.72 4.75 3.58 5.01 54.02 69.66 44.94 56.71 31.14 47.62
Sorsogon 46.09 48.00 55.66 7.41 7.33 8.18 3.42 3.52 4.55 40.47 51.71 42.21 53.79 48.18 63.15

1/
Region VI (Western Visayas) 302.90 374.36 414.07 5.28 4.87 5.78 16.01 18.23 23.94 276.58 329.23 344.37 404.36 374.69 453.45
Aklan 1/, 2/ 21.70 28.30 10.02 10.41 8.82 12.79 2.26 2.50 1.28 17.98 25.41 24.19 32.40 7.91 12.13
Antique 27.05 31.96 26.83 9.62 9.34 19.01 2.60 2.99 5.10 22.77 31.33 27.05 36.87 18.44 35.22
Capiz 1/, 2/ 11.33 19.65 31.42 13.56 13.11 9.97 1.54 2.58 3.13 8.80 13.85 15.42 23.89 26.27 36.57
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 5.62 8.89 4.15 11.54 12.21 16.05 0.65 1.09 0.67 4.56 6.69 7.11 10.68 3.05 5.24
Iloilo 91.79 111.40 114.20 7.92 8.35 8.16 7.27 9.30 9.32 79.82 103.75 96.11 126.70 98.88 129.53
Negros Occidental 2/ 145.43 174.15 227.45 9.44 8.58 9.31 13.73 14.94 21.18 122.83 168.02 149.59 198.72 192.61 262.28

1/
Region VII (Central Visayas) 353.54 526.99 490.95 4.51 5.05 18.04 15.94 26.63 88.55 327.33 379.76 483.19 570.80 345.28 636.61
Bohol 70.54 85.52 76.85 8.29 8.30 10.75 5.84 7.10 8.26 60.93 80.16 73.84 97.19 63.26 90.43
1/, c/
Cebu 189.94 345.41 335.89 6.57 7.05 26.12 12.47 24.36 87.72 169.43 210.46 305.34 385.48 191.59 480.19
Negros Oriental 90.47 95.00 77.05 8.85 8.50 11.48 8.00 8.07 8.85 77.30 103.64 81.72 108.29 62.50 91.61
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 2.58 1.06 1.16 16.32 25.65 22.24 0.42 0.27 0.26 1.89 3.28 0.61 1.51 0.73 1.58

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 34

Table 5. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 333.08 328.09 308.82 4.02 3.83 4.81 13.39 12.58 14.86 311.06 355.10 307.40 348.79 284.37 333.27
Biliran 2/ 8.26 9.76 5.97 8.21 8.28 10.16 0.68 0.81 0.61 7.15 9.38 8.43 11.09 4.97 6.97
Eastern Samar 52.12 46.03 48.41 6.67 7.28 8.04 3.48 3.35 3.89 46.40 57.84 40.52 51.54 42.00 54.82
Leyte 2/ 145.48 158.48 128.16 7.94 6.89 8.39 11.55 10.92 10.75 126.48 164.47 140.52 176.45 110.47 145.85
Northern Samar 1/ 43.36 32.52 39.80 7.55 7.32 13.34 3.28 2.38 5.31 37.97 48.74 28.61 36.44 31.07 48.53
Southern Leyte 2/ 22.96 24.70 16.35 7.67 6.78 12.98 1.76 1.68 2.12 20.06 25.86 21.95 27.46 12.86 19.84
Samar 60.90 56.60 70.12 7.24 7.64 10.77 4.41 4.32 7.55 53.65 68.16 49.49 63.70 57.70 82.55

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 289.98 270.18 266.43 3.87 3.81 4.31 11.23 10.29 11.49 271.50 308.46 253.24 287.11 247.54 285.33
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 104.32 131.15 97.48 6.31 5.47 8.99 6.58 7.17 8.77 93.50 115.15 119.36 142.94 83.06 111.90
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 115.26 84.17 117.80 6.83 7.55 5.57 7.87 6.36 6.56 102.31 128.22 73.71 94.62 107.00 128.59
Zamboanga Sibugay 58.00 48.66 46.14 7.53 7.51 7.29 4.37 3.65 3.37 50.81 65.18 42.65 54.67 40.60 51.67
Isabela City 1/ 12.40 6.20 5.02 10.88 14.28 16.33 1.35 0.88 0.82 10.18 14.62 4.74 7.65 3.67 6.37

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 288.28 311.48 306.19 3.42 4.46 3.70 9.86 13.89 11.33 272.05 304.50 288.63 334.33 287.55 324.84
Bukidnon 106.09 115.03 101.52 6.97 9.57 7.93 7.40 11.01 8.05 93.92 118.26 96.92 133.14 88.28 114.76
1/, 2/
Camiguin 5.38 3.95 2.43 8.58 9.04 12.27 0.46 0.36 0.30 4.62 6.14 3.36 4.53 1.94 2.93
Lanao del Norte 1/ 55.83 77.73 78.49 6.14 7.36 6.40 3.43 5.72 5.03 50.19 61.47 68.32 87.13 70.22 86.76
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 47.94 33.79 43.08 7.07 8.82 7.66 3.39 2.98 3.30 42.36 53.51 28.88 38.69 37.64 48.51
Misamis Oriental 73.03 80.99 80.67 5.98 6.76 6.49 4.37 5.48 5.24 65.85 80.22 71.98 90.00 72.05 89.29

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 233.20 195.49 298.96 4.43 5.30 23.75 10.34 10.36 71.02 216.20 250.21 178.44 212.53 182.14 415.78
Davao del Norte 37.40 34.51 37.63 11.56 12.51 14.04 4.32 4.32 5.28 30.29 44.51 27.41 41.61 28.94 46.32
c/
Davao del Sur 68.25 56.89 152.57 11.25 9.55 46.27 7.68 5.43 70.60 55.61 80.88 47.96 65.82 36.44 268.70
1/, 2/
Davao Oriental 46.79 36.27 59.98 7.03 9.44 6.72 3.29 3.43 4.03 41.38 52.20 30.64 41.91 53.35 66.61
Davao de Oro 49.36 41.16 27.83 7.44 15.81 11.01 3.67 6.51 3.06 43.32 55.39 30.46 51.87 22.79 32.87
Davao Occidental 31.42 26.65 20.96 7.02 8.56 11.77 2.20 2.28 2.47 27.79 35.04 22.90 30.40 16.90 25.02

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 313.74 326.70 260.84 4.02 3.95 5.34 12.60 12.91 13.92 293.00 334.47 305.47 347.94 237.94 283.73
Cotabato 89.49 106.50 87.40 8.66 8.48 10.71 7.75 9.03 9.36 76.74 102.24 91.65 121.35 72.00 102.81
2/
Sarangani 56.55 59.80 44.74 8.30 6.93 10.73 4.70 4.15 4.80 48.83 64.28 52.98 66.62 36.84 52.64
2/
South Cotabato 75.26 83.72 61.78 8.61 7.41 9.10 6.48 6.21 5.62 64.60 85.93 73.51 93.92 52.54 71.02
1/
Sultan Kudarat 65.85 50.99 66.91 8.29 9.83 10.71 5.46 5.01 7.17 56.86 74.83 42.74 59.23 55.12 78.70

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 35

Table 5. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 2/ 188.05 205.88 144.60 3.57 3.45 5.69 6.71 7.10 8.23 177.01 199.09 194.21 217.56 131.06 158.15
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 40.90 50.03 39.22 7.02 5.19 6.68 2.87 2.60 2.62 36.18 45.62 45.76 54.31 34.91 43.54
Agusan del Sur 2/ 59.99 70.07 47.81 7.43 6.51 7.31 4.46 4.56 3.49 52.66 67.33 62.57 77.58 42.07 53.56
Surigao del Norte 2/ 38.75 35.26 17.09 6.85 8.68 11.09 2.65 3.06 1.90 34.39 43.12 30.22 40.29 13.97 20.20
Surigao del Sur c/ 35.74 41.19 30.80 8.24 8.64 21.56 2.95 3.56 6.64 30.89 40.59 35.33 47.04 19.88 41.72
Dinagat Islands 1/ 12.67 9.34 9.68 8.80 9.45 10.63 1.11 0.88 1.03 10.83 14.50 7.88 10.79 7.99 11.37

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 365.93 274.05 291.60 3.65 4.89 3.55 13.34 13.41 10.35 343.99 387.87 251.99 296.11 274.58 308.62
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 41.01 31.31 32.72 7.53 7.46 7.27 3.09 2.34 2.38 35.93 46.09 27.47 35.16 28.80 36.63
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 121.24 20.36 40.13 6.19 12.35 8.43 7.51 2.51 3.38 108.88 133.59 16.22 24.49 34.56 45.70
Maguindanao 92.49 82.83 96.15 7.43 9.55 6.38 6.87 7.91 6.13 81.18 103.79 69.81 95.85 86.07 106.24
Sulu 2/ 97.54 111.21 36.23 8.13 8.66 10.15 7.93 9.63 3.68 84.50 110.57 95.36 127.06 30.19 42.28
Tawi-tawi 1/ 13.66 28.34 36.73 10.11 12.53 9.89 1.38 3.55 3.63 11.38 15.93 22.50 34.18 30.75 42.70
Cotabato City 26.58 25.70 26.70 8.32 8.04 8.94 2.21 2.07 2.39 22.94 30.22 22.30 29.10 22.77 30.62
Notes:
* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of poor families is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of poor families is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of poor families is greater than 20%.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 36

p
Table 5a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/ 4,039.41 4,739.81 4,511.81 1.16 1.30 2.82 46.96 61.55 127.33 3,962.17 4,116.65 4,638.56 4,841.06 4,302.36 4,721.26

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 156.93 182.55 120.82 5.60 4.82 6.33 8.78 8.80 7.65 142.48 171.37 168.07 197.03 108.25 133.40
1st District
City of Manila 1/, a/, b/, c/ 25.84 9.91 19.04 20.10 21.15 21.96 5.19 2.09 4.18 17.30 34.39 6.46 13.35 12.16 25.92
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong a/, b/, c/ 1.60 1.55 0.79 31.38 25.11 37.77 0.50 0.39 0.30 0.77 2.42 0.91 2.19 0.30 1.28
City of Marikina 4.03 3.60 2.51 14.04 16.65 18.28 0.57 0.60 0.46 3.10 4.96 2.62 4.59 1.76 3.27
1/
City of Pasig 6.81 11.22 9.58 16.58 15.36 16.97 1.13 1.72 1.63 4.96 8.67 8.38 14.05 6.90 12.25
Quezon City c/ 25.75 30.15 19.09 18.26 14.10 21.21 4.70 4.25 4.05 18.02 33.49 23.15 37.14 12.43 25.75
City of San Juan a/, b/, c/, d/ 0.47 0.11 0.00 33.98 100.00 0.00 0.16 0.11 0.00 0.21 0.73 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00
3rd District
2/
City of Caloocan 28.89 37.51 18.86 13.84 12.03 17.32 4.00 4.51 3.27 22.32 35.47 30.09 44.93 13.49 24.23
City of Malabon 1/ 7.70 5.60 4.79 9.69 12.46 12.75 0.75 0.70 0.61 6.47 8.93 4.45 6.74 3.79 5.80
City of Navotas 6.66 6.00 4.44 12.30 10.70 11.04 0.82 0.64 0.49 5.31 8.01 4.95 7.06 3.63 5.24
City of Valenzuela 11.31 8.46 6.56 12.24 13.01 13.23 1.38 1.10 0.87 9.03 13.59 6.65 10.27 5.13 7.98
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/, c/ 5.77 8.50 2.78 14.53 14.84 26.50 0.84 1.26 0.74 4.39 7.15 6.42 10.57 1.57 3.99
City of Makati 1/, a/, c/ 1.48 4.44 5.18 32.14 17.90 25.03 0.48 0.79 1.30 0.70 2.26 3.13 5.74 3.05 7.32
City of Muntinlupa 2/, c/ 7.70 10.57 1.09 14.86 18.03 31.33 1.14 1.91 0.34 5.82 9.58 7.44 13.70 0.53 1.66
2/, c/
City of Parañaque 8.36 10.13 4.84 16.37 14.50 24.35 1.37 1.47 1.18 6.11 10.60 7.72 12.55 2.90 6.78
Pasay City 2/, c/ 6.67 8.05 1.98 12.09 14.05 31.21 0.81 1.13 0.62 5.35 8.00 6.19 9.91 0.96 3.00
a/, b/, c/
Pateros 0.55 1.03 0.61 29.83 28.30 22.80 0.16 0.29 0.14 0.28 0.82 0.55 1.51 0.38 0.84
City of Taguig 1/, a/ 7.33 25.74 18.69 20.44 17.25 12.50 1.50 4.44 2.34 4.86 9.79 18.44 33.05 14.84 22.53

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 61.49 54.01 43.51 4.18 4.31 6.02 2.57 2.33 2.62 57.26 65.72 50.18 57.84 39.20 47.82
Abra 1/ 17.44 12.48 11.69 7.36 8.19 11.61 1.28 1.02 1.36 15.33 19.55 10.80 14.16 9.45 13.92
Apayao 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 6.81 3.52 1.56 15.08 20.18 23.22 1.03 0.71 0.36 5.12 8.49 2.35 4.69 0.97 2.16
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 10.54 13.84 12.80 12.43 9.37 13.33 1.31 1.30 1.71 8.39 12.70 11.70 15.97 9.99 15.60
c/
City of Baguio 2.62 3.53 2.74 18.67 16.05 20.62 0.49 0.57 0.56 1.81 3.42 2.60 4.46 1.81 3.67
Ifugao 7.68 6.46 4.88 11.33 13.46 10.56 0.87 0.87 0.52 6.25 9.11 5.03 7.89 4.03 5.73
2/
Kalinga 5.88 5.52 2.95 10.38 12.18 15.79 0.61 0.67 0.47 4.87 6.88 4.41 6.62 2.19 3.72
Mt. Province 10.54 8.67 6.89 8.66 9.40 15.76 0.91 0.82 1.09 9.04 12.04 7.33 10.01 5.11 8.68
1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 108.38 200.26 185.10 8.14 6.14 9.67 8.82 12.29 17.90 93.88 122.89 180.04 220.48 155.65 214.55
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 7.99 9.59 0.77 16.53 17.87 37.85 1.32 1.72 0.29 5.82 10.16 6.77 12.42 0.29 1.26
1/, 2/
Ilocos Sur 14.69 30.58 16.28 11.40 9.07 11.19 1.67 2.77 1.82 11.93 17.44 26.02 35.14 13.28 19.28
La Union 1/ 7.05 21.50 25.87 18.90 11.51 11.44 1.33 2.47 2.96 4.86 9.25 17.43 25.57 21.00 30.74
Pangasinan 1/ 78.66 138.58 142.17 10.75 8.36 12.35 8.45 11.59 17.56 64.75 92.56 119.52 157.65 113.28 171.06

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 37

p
Table 5a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
2/
Region II (Cagayan Valley) 133.27 147.31 107.62 5.84 6.85 10.10 7.79 10.09 10.87 120.47 146.08 130.71 163.91 89.73 125.51
Batanes a/, b/ 0.76 0.41 0.57 21.03 20.64 19.38 0.16 0.08 0.11 0.49 1.02 0.27 0.54 0.39 0.75
Cagayan c/ 43.62 38.57 26.97 9.43 11.64 32.89 4.11 4.49 8.87 36.86 50.39 31.18 45.95 12.38 41.56
1/, 2/
Isabela 62.56 86.15 59.68 10.03 10.15 10.10 6.28 8.74 6.03 52.24 72.89 71.77 100.53 49.76 69.59
Nueva Vizcaya 21.53 16.85 15.03 9.27 13.07 10.84 2.00 2.20 1.63 18.24 24.81 13.23 20.48 12.35 17.72
Quirino 4.81 5.33 5.37 11.33 11.45 13.86 0.54 0.61 0.74 3.91 5.70 4.33 6.33 4.14 6.59
Region III (Central Luzon) 1/ 218.57 409.51 363.64 5.15 5.83 6.57 11.25 23.86 23.91 200.06 237.08 370.26 448.76 324.31 402.97
Aurora 1/ 9.57 13.31 11.39 10.26 9.31 11.63 0.98 1.24 1.32 7.95 11.18 11.27 15.34 9.21 13.57
Bataan 21.31 26.19 23.28 10.02 10.06 14.13 2.14 2.63 3.29 17.80 24.82 21.86 30.53 17.87 28.69
1/
Bulacan 39.79 132.02 149.09 16.43 15.08 14.10 6.54 19.91 21.02 29.04 50.54 99.27 164.77 114.51 183.66
Nueva Ecija 1/ 55.00 97.65 75.24 10.67 10.62 11.71 5.87 10.37 8.81 45.35 64.65 80.59 114.70 60.75 89.74
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) 1/, 2/, a/ 20.70 36.44 23.65 23.43 13.55 14.84 4.85 4.94 3.51 12.72 28.68 28.32 44.57 17.88 29.43
1/, 2/, a/, c/
City of Angeles 2.21 6.50 2.84 24.08 13.75 23.00 0.53 0.89 0.65 1.34 3.09 5.03 7.97 1.77 3.92
Tarlac 1/, 2/ 34.37 46.47 34.32 10.03 9.33 11.45 3.45 4.34 3.93 28.70 40.04 39.34 53.61 27.86 40.79
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 1/ 30.03 42.96 37.03 9.31 8.14 8.91 2.80 3.50 3.30 25.43 34.63 37.20 48.71 31.61 42.46
1/
City of Olongapo 5.59 7.97 6.78 11.49 10.45 11.24 0.64 0.83 0.76 4.53 6.64 6.60 9.34 5.53 8.04
1/
Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 281.33 431.59 409.02 6.13 5.90 5.27 17.24 25.45 21.56 252.98 309.68 389.73 473.46 373.54 444.49
Batangas 1/ 83.27 53.25 67.11 10.94 16.49 11.45 9.11 8.78 7.69 68.28 98.26 38.80 67.69 54.46 79.75
Cavite 1/ 56.40 117.83 104.96 14.11 12.91 10.15 7.96 15.21 10.65 43.31 69.48 92.81 142.85 87.44 122.48
Laguna 1/ 42.20 94.38 95.09 16.81 13.73 12.21 7.10 12.96 11.61 30.53 53.87 73.06 115.70 76.00 114.19
1/, 2/
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 61.82 113.74 68.22 13.73 9.57 14.84 8.49 10.89 10.13 47.87 75.78 95.84 131.65 51.56 84.88
City of Lucena 1/ 3.97 6.51 4.35 14.61 15.97 15.59 0.58 1.04 0.68 3.02 4.93 4.80 8.22 3.23 5.46
2/
Rizal 33.67 45.88 69.28 15.73 15.67 10.68 5.30 7.19 7.40 24.95 42.38 34.05 57.71 57.11 81.46

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 118.46 152.22 155.41 4.94 4.51 7.11 5.85 6.86 11.05 108.84 128.09 140.94 163.51 137.22 173.59
Marinduque 8.86 10.84 8.63 9.34 9.47 9.78 0.83 1.03 0.84 7.50 10.22 9.15 12.53 7.24 10.02
Occidental Mindoro 28.79 31.66 26.48 10.68 9.21 14.62 3.07 2.92 3.87 23.73 33.85 26.87 36.46 20.11 32.85
Oriental Mindoro 27.91 35.27 41.97 11.22 11.26 10.10 3.13 3.97 4.24 22.75 33.06 28.74 41.80 35.00 48.94
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1/ 30.75 44.06 51.07 10.99 9.62 18.14 3.38 4.24 9.26 25.19 36.31 37.09 51.03 35.83 66.31
City of Puerto Princesa 1/ 2.61 6.09 5.20 19.88 17.15 15.37 0.52 1.04 0.80 1.76 3.47 4.37 7.80 3.89 6.52
Romblon 1/ 19.54 24.30 22.06 8.23 6.78 6.54 1.61 1.65 1.44 16.90 22.19 21.59 27.01 19.69 24.44
1/
Region V (Bicol Region) 292.27 349.14 344.23 3.80 3.90 4.51 11.10 13.62 15.53 274.00 310.53 326.74 371.54 318.69 369.78
Albay 2/ 48.70 56.97 78.67 8.09 9.23 6.85 3.94 5.26 5.39 42.22 55.18 48.32 65.62 69.80 87.54
Camarines Norte 36.30 30.70 31.70 8.22 8.53 7.59 2.98 2.62 2.40 31.39 41.20 26.39 35.00 27.74 35.65
1/
Camarines Sur 87.24 152.32 123.65 9.14 7.34 10.20 7.97 11.18 12.62 74.12 100.35 133.93 170.70 102.89 144.41
Catanduanes 2/ 12.10 10.33 15.17 8.38 8.50 7.40 1.01 0.88 1.12 10.43 13.77 8.89 11.78 13.33 17.02
Masbate 61.84 50.82 39.38 7.69 7.04 12.72 4.75 3.58 5.01 54.02 69.66 44.94 56.71 31.14 47.62
Sorsogon 46.09 48.00 55.66 7.41 7.33 8.18 3.42 3.52 4.55 40.47 51.71 42.21 53.79 48.18 63.15

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 38

p
Table 5a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
1/
Region VI (Western Visayas) 302.90 374.36 414.07 5.28 4.87 5.78 16.01 18.23 23.94 276.58 329.23 344.37 404.36 374.69 453.45
Aklan 1/, 2/ 21.70 28.30 10.02 10.41 8.82 12.79 2.26 2.50 1.28 17.98 25.41 24.19 32.40 7.91 12.13
Antique 27.05 31.96 26.83 9.62 9.34 19.01 2.60 2.99 5.10 22.77 31.33 27.05 36.87 18.44 35.22
1/, 2/
Capiz 11.33 19.65 31.42 13.56 13.11 9.97 1.54 2.58 3.13 8.80 13.85 15.42 23.89 26.27 36.57
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 5.62 8.89 4.15 11.54 12.21 16.05 0.65 1.09 0.67 4.56 6.69 7.11 10.68 3.05 5.24
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 87.46 102.94 107.34 8.29 8.96 8.64 7.25 9.22 9.27 75.53 99.39 87.77 118.10 92.09 122.59
City of Iloilo 1/ 4.32 8.47 6.87 13.13 14.08 13.50 0.57 1.19 0.93 3.39 5.26 6.50 10.43 5.34 8.39
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 138.89 165.99 211.85 9.87 8.97 9.96 13.70 14.90 21.10 116.35 161.43 141.49 190.50 177.13 246.56
City of Bacolod 2/ 6.53 8.16 15.60 13.70 13.15 11.38 0.90 1.07 1.78 5.06 8.01 6.40 9.93 12.68 18.52
Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 353.54 526.99 490.95 4.51 5.05 18.04 15.94 26.63 88.55 327.33 379.76 483.19 570.80 345.28 636.61
Bohol 70.54 85.52 76.85 8.29 8.30 10.75 5.84 7.10 8.26 60.93 80.16 73.84 97.19 63.26 90.43
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/, c/ 147.66 276.94 285.37 8.13 8.63 30.71 12.00 23.91 87.65 127.92 167.41 237.60 316.27 141.20 429.55
1/, 2/
City of Cebu 23.61 38.39 24.61 12.42 10.61 11.06 2.93 4.07 2.72 18.79 28.43 31.69 45.09 20.13 29.09
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/ 8.61 15.74 13.92 13.02 10.92 11.76 1.12 1.72 1.64 6.77 10.46 12.92 18.57 11.23 16.61
City of Mandaue 1/ 10.06 14.34 11.98 12.55 10.12 14.17 1.26 1.45 1.70 7.98 12.13 11.95 16.73 9.19 14.77
Negros Oriental 90.47 95.00 77.05 8.85 8.50 11.48 8.00 8.07 8.85 77.30 103.64 81.72 108.29 62.50 91.61
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 2.58 1.06 1.16 16.32 25.65 22.24 0.42 0.27 0.26 1.89 3.28 0.61 1.51 0.73 1.58

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 333.08 328.09 308.82 4.02 3.83 4.81 13.39 12.58 14.86 311.06 355.10 307.40 348.79 284.37 333.27
Biliran 2/ 8.26 9.76 5.97 8.21 8.28 10.16 0.68 0.81 0.61 7.15 9.38 8.43 11.09 4.97 6.97
Eastern Samar 52.12 46.03 48.41 6.67 7.28 8.04 3.48 3.35 3.89 46.40 57.84 40.52 51.54 42.00 54.82
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 138.43 150.24 120.49 8.33 7.25 8.88 11.53 10.89 10.70 119.47 157.39 132.33 168.15 102.88 138.09
City of Tacloban 7.05 8.24 7.68 10.04 10.40 13.56 0.71 0.86 1.04 5.89 8.21 6.83 9.65 5.96 9.39
Northern Samar 1/ 43.36 32.52 39.80 7.55 7.32 13.34 3.28 2.38 5.31 37.97 48.74 28.61 36.44 31.07 48.53
2/
Southern Leyte 22.96 24.70 16.35 7.67 6.78 12.98 1.76 1.68 2.12 20.06 25.86 21.95 27.46 12.86 19.84
Samar 60.90 56.60 70.12 7.24 7.64 10.77 4.41 4.32 7.55 53.65 68.16 49.49 63.70 57.70 82.55

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 289.98 270.18 266.43 3.87 3.81 4.31 11.23 10.29 11.49 271.50 308.46 253.24 287.11 247.54 285.33
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 104.32 131.15 97.48 6.31 5.47 8.99 6.58 7.17 8.77 93.50 115.15 119.36 142.94 83.06 111.90
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 1/, 2/ 89.82 67.47 92.86 8.12 8.69 6.01 7.30 5.86 5.58 77.81 101.82 57.83 77.12 83.68 102.03
1/
City of Zamboanga 25.45 16.69 24.94 11.64 14.72 13.86 2.96 2.46 3.46 20.58 30.32 12.65 20.74 19.25 30.63
Zamboanga Sibugay 58.00 48.66 46.14 7.53 7.51 7.29 4.37 3.65 3.37 50.81 65.18 42.65 54.67 40.60 51.67
1/
Isabela City 12.40 6.20 5.02 10.88 14.28 16.33 1.35 0.88 0.82 10.18 14.62 4.74 7.65 3.67 6.37
Region X (Northern Mindanao) 288.28 311.48 306.19 3.42 4.46 3.70 9.86 13.89 11.33 272.05 304.50 288.63 334.33 287.55 324.84
Bukidnon 106.09 115.03 101.52 6.97 9.57 7.93 7.40 11.01 8.05 93.92 118.26 96.92 133.14 88.28 114.76
Camiguin 1/, 2/ 5.38 3.95 2.43 8.58 9.04 12.27 0.46 0.36 0.30 4.62 6.14 3.36 4.53 1.94 2.93
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 39.37 62.93 63.36 7.58 8.80 7.59 2.98 5.54 4.81 34.46 44.28 53.82 72.04 55.45 71.26
City of Iligan 16.46 14.79 15.14 10.25 9.55 9.74 1.69 1.41 1.47 13.69 19.24 12.47 17.12 12.71 17.56
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 47.94 33.79 43.08 7.07 8.82 7.66 3.39 2.98 3.30 42.36 53.51 28.88 38.69 37.64 48.51
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 52.95 58.37 55.42 7.17 8.50 7.97 3.80 4.96 4.42 46.70 59.20 50.20 66.53 48.16 62.69
City of Cagayan De Oro 20.08 22.62 25.25 10.72 10.25 11.16 2.15 2.32 2.82 16.54 23.62 18.81 26.44 20.61 29.88

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 39

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Table 5a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Families

Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
p
2018 2021 2023
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 233.20 195.49 298.96 4.43 5.30 23.75 10.34 10.36 71.02 216.20 250.21 178.44 212.53 182.14 415.78
Davao del Norte 37.40 34.51 37.63 11.56 12.51 14.04 4.32 4.32 5.28 30.29 44.51 27.41 41.61 28.94 46.32
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 32.39 25.70 30.30 8.14 11.79 10.24 2.64 3.03 3.10 28.06 36.73 20.72 30.68 25.20 35.41
City of Davao a/, c/ 35.85 31.19 122.26 20.12 14.45 57.69 7.21 4.51 70.53 23.99 47.72 23.77 38.60 6.25 238.28
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 46.79 36.27 59.98 7.03 9.44 6.72 3.29 3.43 4.03 41.38 52.20 30.64 41.91 53.35 66.61
Davao de Oro 49.36 41.16 27.83 7.44 15.81 11.01 3.67 6.51 3.06 43.32 55.39 30.46 51.87 22.79 32.87
Davao Occidental 31.42 26.65 20.96 7.02 8.56 11.77 2.20 2.28 2.47 27.79 35.04 22.90 30.40 16.90 25.02

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 313.74 326.70 260.84 4.02 3.95 5.34 12.60 12.91 13.92 293.00 334.47 305.47 347.94 237.94 283.73
Cotabato 89.49 106.50 87.40 8.66 8.48 10.71 7.75 9.03 9.36 76.74 102.24 91.65 121.35 72.00 102.81
2/
Sarangani 56.55 59.80 44.74 8.30 6.93 10.73 4.70 4.15 4.80 48.83 64.28 52.98 66.62 36.84 52.64
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 51.39 57.94 46.65 11.73 10.01 11.33 6.03 5.80 5.29 41.47 61.31 48.39 67.48 37.95 55.34
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/ 23.88 25.78 15.13 9.97 8.54 12.61 2.38 2.20 1.91 19.96 27.79 22.16 29.40 11.99 18.27
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 65.85 50.99 66.91 8.29 9.83 10.71 5.46 5.01 7.17 56.86 74.83 42.74 59.23 55.12 78.70

Region XIII (Caraga) 2/ 188.05 205.88 144.60 3.57 3.45 5.69 6.71 7.10 8.23 177.01 199.09 194.21 217.56 131.06 158.15
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 24.70 26.30 23.44 8.39 6.67 8.24 2.07 1.75 1.93 21.29 28.11 23.41 29.19 20.26 26.61
1/, 2/
City of Butuan 16.19 23.73 15.79 12.25 8.07 11.22 1.98 1.92 1.77 12.93 19.46 20.58 26.88 12.87 18.70
Agusan del Sur 2/ 59.99 70.07 47.81 7.43 6.51 7.31 4.46 4.56 3.49 52.66 67.33 62.57 77.58 42.07 53.56
Surigao del Norte 2/ 38.75 35.26 17.09 6.85 8.68 11.09 2.65 3.06 1.90 34.39 43.12 30.22 40.29 13.97 20.20
Surigao del Sur c/ 35.74 41.19 30.80 8.24 8.64 21.56 2.95 3.56 6.64 30.89 40.59 35.33 47.04 19.88 41.72
Dinagat Islands 1/ 12.67 9.34 9.68 8.80 9.45 10.63 1.11 0.88 1.03 10.83 14.50 7.88 10.79 7.99 11.37

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 365.93 274.05 291.60 3.65 4.89 3.55 13.34 13.41 10.35 343.99 387.87 251.99 296.11 274.58 308.62
1/
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
Basilan 1/ 41.01 31.31 32.72 7.53 7.46 7.27 3.09 2.34 2.38 35.93 46.09 27.47 35.16 28.80 36.63
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 121.24 20.36 40.13 6.19 12.35 8.43 7.51 2.51 3.38 108.88 133.59 16.22 24.49 34.56 45.70
Maguindanao 92.49 82.83 96.15 7.43 9.55 6.38 6.87 7.91 6.13 81.18 103.79 69.81 95.85 86.07 106.24
Sulu 2/ 97.54 111.21 36.23 8.13 8.66 10.15 7.93 9.63 3.68 84.50 110.57 95.36 127.06 30.19 42.28
1/
Tawi-tawi 13.66 28.34 36.73 10.11 12.53 9.89 1.38 3.55 3.63 11.38 15.93 22.50 34.18 30.75 42.70
Cotabato City 26.58 25.70 26.70 8.32 8.04 8.94 2.21 2.07 2.39 22.94 30.22 22.30 29.10 22.77 30.62
Notes:
* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of poor families is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of poor families is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of poor families is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 40

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Table 6. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/ 22,262.43 26,136.84 25,241.58 1.19 1.28 2.52 265.19 335.83 635.08 21,826.20 22,698.66 25,584.41 26,689.27 24,196.88 26,286.27

1/, 2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 885.60 1,091.37 721.45 6.04 4.99 6.49 53.53 54.42 46.84 797.54 973.66 1,001.86 1,180.89 644.40 798.49
1st District 1/, a/, b/, c/ 138.66 66.36 104.05 22.31 22.63 20.60 30.93 15.02 21.44 87.78 189.54 41.66 91.06 68.78 139.31
2nd District 2/ 241.20 311.81 198.04 13.85 10.47 14.83 33.41 32.65 29.38 186.25 296.16 258.10 365.51 149.71 246.36
3rd District 2/ 293.62 333.18 215.13 7.92 8.25 10.63 23.26 27.48 22.88 255.35 331.89 287.98 378.38 177.49 252.76
4th District 1/, 2/ 212.12 380.03 204.24 7.48 7.96 9.13 15.86 30.25 18.65 186.03 238.22 330.27 429.78 173.56 234.91

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 317.52 295.45 256.85 4.34 4.28 6.16 13.77 12.64 15.81 294.86 340.18 274.66 316.25 230.84 282.86
Abra 84.46 69.81 67.33 7.51 7.95 12.15 6.34 5.55 8.18 74.03 94.89 60.67 78.94 53.87 80.78
Apayao 1/, 2/, c/ 33.04 20.35 9.76 14.58 19.54 22.87 4.82 3.98 2.23 25.11 40.96 13.81 26.90 6.09 13.43
Benguet 70.43 86.94 84.56 10.97 8.37 11.97 7.73 7.27 10.12 57.72 83.14 74.98 98.91 67.92 101.21
Ifugao 44.64 35.75 33.24 11.84 13.27 10.27 5.28 4.74 3.41 35.94 53.33 27.94 43.55 27.63 38.85
Kalinga 2/ 34.23 34.96 22.32 11.04 12.16 16.35 3.78 4.25 3.65 28.02 40.45 27.97 41.96 16.32 28.32
Mt. Province 50.73 47.64 39.64 9.73 9.32 17.96 4.94 4.44 7.12 42.61 58.85 40.34 54.94 27.93 51.35

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 607.55 1,073.75 1,006.48 8.31 5.90 9.51 50.50 63.37 95.69 524.47 690.62 969.51 1,177.99 849.08 1,163.89
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 46.33 55.23 5.89 15.00 17.30 39.38 6.95 9.55 2.32 34.90 57.75 39.51 70.94 2.07 9.70
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 79.50 161.94 92.85 11.34 8.94 11.53 9.02 14.48 10.70 64.66 94.33 138.12 185.76 75.24 110.45
La Union 1/, a/ 42.39 116.00 138.82 20.03 10.59 11.61 8.49 12.28 16.11 28.42 56.36 95.80 136.21 112.32 165.33
Pangasinan 1/ 439.33 740.58 768.93 11.03 8.06 12.18 48.46 59.70 93.69 359.61 519.05 642.38 838.79 614.82 923.04

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 690.98 771.85 607.06 5.90 6.72 9.85 40.80 51.88 59.80 623.87 758.09 686.50 857.19 508.69 705.44
Batanes b/ 2.89 1.74 2.28 18.76 21.97 18.86 0.54 0.38 0.43 2.00 3.78 1.11 2.37 1.57 2.99
Cagayan c/ 221.10 212.48 150.31 9.55 11.30 32.04 21.11 24.02 48.16 186.38 255.83 172.97 251.99 71.09 229.53
Isabela 1/ 334.05 443.48 337.72 9.97 10.02 9.97 33.30 44.42 33.66 279.27 388.84 370.40 516.55 282.35 393.09
Nueva Vizcaya 105.72 83.94 83.03 9.43 13.53 11.56 9.97 11.35 9.60 89.32 122.12 65.26 102.61 67.24 98.81
Quirino 27.22 30.21 33.73 11.69 11.63 16.79 3.18 3.51 5.66 21.98 32.45 24.43 35.99 24.41 43.04

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/ 1,234.32 2,275.56 2,022.70 5.54 5.76 6.17 68.43 131.09 124.77 1,121.75 1,346.88 2,059.92 2,491.20 1,817.46 2,227.94
Aurora 1/ 47.67 69.42 60.63 10.01 9.62 12.10 4.77 6.68 7.34 39.82 55.53 58.44 80.41 48.56 72.70
Bataan 114.88 135.81 119.70 10.49 9.97 14.57 12.05 13.54 17.44 95.05 134.70 113.54 158.08 91.01 148.38
Bulacan 1/ 248.20 734.83 805.79 17.48 14.74 12.93 43.39 108.28 104.21 176.83 319.58 556.71 912.95 634.35 977.22
Nueva Ecija 1/ 305.80 522.23 436.14 10.72 10.47 12.55 32.78 54.68 54.73 251.87 359.73 432.28 612.19 346.11 526.17
Pampanga 1/, 2/, a/ 142.64 287.44 163.45 21.46 12.77 13.35 30.61 36.71 21.82 92.30 192.99 227.05 347.83 127.56 199.34
Tarlac 1/ 187.54 262.14 202.39 10.24 9.22 11.73 19.21 24.18 23.74 155.94 219.14 222.37 301.92 163.33 241.45
Zambales 1/ 187.57 263.68 234.61 8.45 6.67 7.54 15.84 17.59 17.69 161.51 213.63 234.75 292.62 205.50 263.71

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 41

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Table 6. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 1,615.09 2,416.73 2,282.66 6.19 5.98 5.32 100.00 144.49 121.46 1,450.60 1,779.59 2,179.04 2,654.41 2,082.86 2,482.46
Batangas 1/ 480.12 302.09 380.49 11.05 16.95 11.67 53.06 51.21 44.41 392.84 567.40 217.86 386.33 307.44 453.54
1/
Cavite 324.06 663.66 576.23 14.58 13.42 10.35 47.24 89.06 59.64 246.36 401.77 517.16 810.16 478.13 674.33
Laguna 1/ 231.63 478.20 462.98 17.64 13.64 12.23 40.86 65.21 56.61 164.42 298.85 370.93 585.47 369.87 556.10
Quezon 1/, 2/ 374.00 651.52 424.66 12.48 8.67 13.80 46.68 56.46 58.61 297.21 450.80 558.65 744.39 328.24 521.08
Rizal 205.27 321.25 438.30 16.19 16.72 11.60 33.23 53.70 50.83 150.60 259.94 232.91 409.59 354.68 521.92

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 635.11 826.17 880.95 5.03 4.54 6.76 31.96 37.53 59.57 582.54 687.68 764.43 887.91 782.96 978.94
Marinduque 47.55 61.48 51.56 9.91 9.59 10.01 4.71 5.90 5.16 39.80 55.30 51.78 71.18 43.07 60.05
Occidental Mindoro 146.76 166.27 144.49 10.61 9.12 15.20 15.57 15.16 21.96 121.14 172.38 141.32 191.21 108.37 180.61
Oriental Mindoro 1/ 153.36 210.12 248.87 11.21 11.05 10.11 17.20 23.21 25.17 125.07 181.65 171.94 248.31 207.47 290.27
Palawan 1/ 189.89 264.37 321.31 10.44 8.72 15.08 19.83 23.06 48.44 157.27 222.51 226.44 302.30 241.62 401.00
1/
Romblon 97.54 123.93 114.73 8.43 6.91 6.73 8.22 8.56 7.72 84.02 111.07 109.84 138.01 102.04 127.42

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 1,685.18 2,077.03 2,071.63 3.83 3.92 4.67 64.58 81.39 96.80 1,578.95 1,791.41 1,943.13 2,210.92 1,912.40 2,230.86
2/
Albay 299.31 353.89 468.23 8.59 9.53 6.87 25.71 33.72 32.15 257.02 341.60 298.41 409.37 415.35 521.11
Camarines Norte 197.83 171.84 178.21 8.07 7.44 7.44 15.96 12.79 13.25 171.59 224.08 150.80 192.88 156.41 200.01
Camarines Sur 1/ 523.58 876.24 750.43 8.90 7.48 10.95 46.59 65.53 82.16 446.95 600.22 768.44 984.04 615.28 885.57
Catanduanes 2/ 66.26 65.36 92.84 8.71 8.69 7.50 5.77 5.68 6.97 56.77 75.75 56.02 74.70 81.38 104.30
Masbate 339.04 308.83 246.03 7.76 7.25 10.84 26.30 22.38 26.68 295.77 382.31 272.01 345.65 202.14 289.91
Sorsogon 259.15 300.86 335.89 7.31 7.41 7.60 18.95 22.29 25.51 227.98 290.32 264.20 337.52 293.92 377.86

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 1,624.41 2,015.75 2,102.24 5.21 4.94 5.73 84.63 99.53 120.44 1,485.19 1,763.63 1,852.02 2,179.47 1,904.12 2,300.36
Aklan 2/ 117.70 152.29 53.18 10.25 9.29 13.32 12.06 14.14 7.08 97.86 137.54 129.02 175.55 41.53 64.82
Antique 148.92 165.73 142.73 9.94 8.95 16.47 14.80 14.83 23.50 124.58 173.26 141.33 190.13 104.07 181.39
Capiz 1/, 2/ 62.63 114.83 164.26 12.62 12.98 9.85 7.91 14.90 16.18 49.63 75.64 90.32 139.34 137.64 190.88
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 29.46 48.05 25.01 13.29 12.15 18.01 3.92 5.84 4.50 23.02 35.90 38.45 57.66 17.60 32.42
Iloilo 519.23 620.45 592.62 8.16 8.86 8.57 42.37 54.95 50.80 449.53 588.93 530.05 710.84 509.05 676.19
Negros Occidental 746.46 914.40 1,124.45 9.40 8.62 9.34 70.18 78.80 105.07 631.02 861.90 784.77 1,044.04 951.61 1,297.29

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 1,880.74 2,661.35 2,556.14 4.62 4.75 16.92 86.98 126.43 432.42 1,737.65 2,023.82 2,453.38 2,869.32 1,844.82 3,267.47
Bohol 1/ 350.54 454.84 414.67 8.44 8.34 10.73 29.58 37.92 44.49 301.89 399.20 392.46 517.22 341.48 487.86
Cebu 1/, c/ 1,063.24 1,729.30 1,725.31 6.60 6.55 24.78 70.16 113.30 427.57 947.83 1,178.65 1,542.93 1,915.67 1,021.96 2,428.67
Negros Oriental 453.72 471.29 409.72 9.26 8.77 11.41 42.01 41.32 46.77 384.62 522.82 403.32 539.26 332.79 486.65
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 13.23 5.92 6.43 16.09 26.30 22.59 2.13 1.56 1.45 9.73 16.74 3.36 8.48 4.04 8.83

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 42

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Table 6. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 1,722.76 1,728.28 1,660.92 3.94 3.86 4.62 67.94 66.65 76.69 1,610.99 1,834.52 1,618.63 1,837.92 1,534.77 1,787.07
Biliran 1/, 2/ 43.89 55.42 36.00 8.22 8.28 9.93 3.61 4.59 3.58 37.95 49.83 47.87 62.97 30.12 41.88
Eastern Samar 254.15 220.50 236.61 6.91 7.30 8.08 17.57 16.09 19.11 225.25 283.04 194.03 246.98 205.18 268.04
Leyte 735.29 794.14 663.38 7.74 7.18 8.11 56.93 56.98 53.79 641.64 828.94 700.41 887.87 574.90 751.87
Northern Samar 239.82 209.09 248.88 7.44 7.74 13.11 17.85 16.19 32.62 210.45 269.19 182.46 235.72 195.21 302.54
Southern Leyte 2/ 127.95 142.46 109.03 8.15 7.09 11.95 10.43 10.11 13.03 110.80 145.11 125.84 159.09 87.59 130.47
Samar 321.65 306.66 367.03 7.78 7.66 10.10 25.01 23.48 37.09 280.51 362.80 268.04 345.29 306.02 428.04

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 1,486.30 1,425.48 1,472.21 3.90 3.89 4.34 58.01 55.48 63.93 1,390.88 1,581.72 1,334.21 1,516.75 1,367.05 1,577.38
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 511.62 653.97 523.58 6.16 5.59 9.14 31.51 36.56 47.83 459.78 563.45 593.83 714.11 444.89 602.26
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 605.66 478.75 667.04 6.82 7.42 5.69 41.28 35.50 37.96 537.75 673.56 420.35 537.15 604.59 729.48
Zamboanga Sibugay 292.84 255.63 244.80 8.25 8.33 7.35 24.15 21.29 18.00 253.11 332.56 220.60 290.65 215.18 274.42
1/
Isabela City 76.19 37.13 36.80 12.08 14.25 15.78 9.20 5.29 5.81 61.06 91.33 28.43 45.83 27.25 46.35

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1,564.15 1,715.58 1,697.45 3.49 4.33 3.83 54.64 74.28 65.01 1,474.26 1,654.03 1,593.40 1,837.77 1,590.51 1,804.39
Bukidnon 562.20 605.51 553.96 7.08 9.32 8.48 39.79 56.41 46.97 496.75 627.65 512.72 698.31 476.69 631.23
Camiguin 2/ 27.38 22.78 14.78 8.11 8.98 12.14 2.22 2.04 1.79 23.72 31.03 19.42 26.14 11.83 17.73
Lanao del Norte 1/ 319.19 446.83 447.53 6.38 7.55 6.51 20.37 33.75 29.16 285.68 352.69 391.31 502.35 399.57 495.49
Misamis Occidental 1/ 257.71 194.61 240.98 7.46 9.01 7.68 19.23 17.54 18.50 226.07 289.34 165.76 223.47 210.56 271.41
Misamis Oriental 397.68 445.84 440.20 6.23 6.67 6.52 24.76 29.74 28.71 356.96 438.41 396.93 494.76 392.97 487.43

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 1,220.14 1,039.62 1,502.20 4.62 5.24 22.65 56.36 54.43 340.22 1,127.43 1,312.85 950.08 1,129.16 942.55 2,061.85
Davao del Norte 196.47 190.50 214.54 12.26 12.55 14.84 24.09 23.91 31.83 156.85 236.10 151.16 229.84 162.18 266.90
Davao del Sur c/ 361.13 294.66 716.80 11.50 9.60 47.07 41.55 28.29 337.40 292.78 429.48 248.13 341.20 161.78 1,271.82
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 138.79 199.02 301.96 7.46 9.60 6.64 10.35 19.11 20.06 121.77 155.82 167.59 230.45 268.97 334.96
Davao de Oro 247.01 218.07 154.19 7.80 15.12 11.10 19.27 32.97 17.11 215.31 278.72 163.83 272.31 126.05 182.34
Davao Occidental 1/ 276.73 137.37 114.70 7.15 8.56 12.29 19.78 11.76 14.09 244.18 309.27 118.03 156.72 91.52 137.88

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 1,606.27 1,702.56 1,369.71 4.07 4.10 5.42 65.41 69.84 74.30 1,498.66 1,713.88 1,587.68 1,817.44 1,247.50 1,491.93
Cotabato 469.82 564.28 447.54 8.70 8.96 11.33 40.88 50.58 50.69 402.57 537.08 481.08 647.49 364.16 530.93
Sarangani 2/ 268.51 292.80 227.41 8.19 7.23 11.08 21.99 21.16 25.19 232.35 304.68 257.99 327.61 185.98 268.84
South Cotabato 2/ 391.84 415.91 324.73 8.69 7.73 8.63 34.05 32.13 28.01 335.82 447.86 363.06 468.77 278.65 370.81
Sultan Kudarat 2/ 328.02 274.11 370.03 8.65 9.56 10.58 28.39 26.20 39.14 281.32 374.71 231.01 317.20 305.65 434.41

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 43

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Table 6. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 948.91 1,065.92 797.18 3.55 3.46 5.67 33.65 36.88 45.23 893.55 1,004.27 1,005.24 1,126.59 722.78 871.59
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 209.59 260.77 206.21 6.94 5.06 6.51 14.55 13.20 13.42 185.65 233.53 239.06 282.48 184.15 228.28
1/, 2/
Agusan del Sur 293.92 358.03 264.94 7.47 6.58 7.02 21.95 23.54 18.60 257.82 330.03 319.31 396.76 234.34 295.54
Surigao del Norte 2/ 201.53 180.16 98.20 6.90 8.66 11.65 13.91 15.60 11.44 178.65 224.42 154.51 205.82 79.37 117.02
Surigao del Sur c/ 188.13 218.24 177.83 7.82 8.75 20.73 14.71 19.10 36.86 163.94 212.32 186.82 249.65 117.19 238.47
Dinagat Islands 55.73 48.71 50.00 9.70 10.03 10.94 5.41 4.88 5.47 46.84 64.63 40.67 56.74 41.01 59.00

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 2,537.41 1,954.40 2,233.72 3.72 4.78 3.44 94.33 93.41 76.86 2,382.25 2,692.58 1,800.73 2,108.06 2,107.29 2,360.16
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 267.37 227.94 245.43 7.42 7.76 7.68 19.84 17.70 18.85 234.74 300.00 198.83 257.05 214.41 276.45
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 814.67 178.08 359.13 6.82 11.44 8.45 55.58 20.38 30.33 723.24 906.11 144.56 211.59 309.24 409.02
Maguindanao 2/ 702.76 600.32 755.32 6.86 9.62 6.28 48.20 57.74 47.42 623.47 782.06 505.34 695.29 677.32 833.32
Sulu 2/ 655.54 750.02 325.68 8.36 8.47 9.90 54.78 63.56 32.23 565.43 745.65 645.46 854.58 272.66 378.71
1/
Tawi-tawi 97.07 198.04 256.09 9.78 12.61 10.19 9.50 24.97 26.08 81.45 112.69 156.96 239.13 213.18 299.00
Cotabato City 148.07 155.45 170.37 8.51 7.94 9.02 12.60 12.34 15.36 127.35 168.80 135.15 175.75 145.10 195.64
Notes:
* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of poor population is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of poor population is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of poor population is greater than 20%.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 44

p
Table 6a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error p
2018 2021 2023
p p p Upper Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Lower Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
Limit Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/ 22,262.43 26,136.84 25,241.58 1.19 1.28 2.52 265.19 335.83 635.08 21,826.20 22,698.66 25,584.41 26,689.27 24,196.88 26,286.27

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 885.60 1,091.37 721.45 6.04 4.99 6.49 53.53 54.42 46.84 797.54 973.66 1,001.86 1,180.89 644.40 798.49
1st District
City of Manila 1/, a/, b/, c/ 138.66 66.36 104.05 22.31 22.63 20.60 30.93 15.02 21.44 87.78 189.54 41.66 91.06 68.78 139.31
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong a/, b/, c/ 9.24 9.23 4.80 33.60 25.37 40.93 3.10 2.34 1.97 4.13 14.34 5.38 13.07 1.57 8.04
City of Marikina 22.49 22.69 15.99 14.86 17.15 19.09 3.34 3.89 3.05 16.99 27.98 16.29 29.09 10.97 21.01
1/
City of Pasig 41.13 68.62 57.49 18.31 14.84 18.38 7.53 10.18 10.57 28.74 53.51 51.87 85.36 40.12 74.87
Quezon City 2/, c/ 164.83 210.29 119.75 19.53 14.58 22.69 32.20 30.67 27.17 111.87 217.79 159.84 260.74 75.05 164.44
City of San Juan a/, b/, d/ 3.52 0.99 0.00 40.63 100.00 0.00 1.43 0.99 0.00 1.17 5.87 0.00 2.61 0.00 0.00
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/ 161.30 218.62 124.42 13.25 11.92 17.44 21.37 26.06 21.70 126.15 196.45 175.75 261.50 88.73 160.11
City of Malabon 40.89 33.69 26.99 10.10 13.00 13.65 4.13 4.38 3.68 34.09 47.68 26.49 40.89 20.93 33.05
City of Navotas 2/ 34.26 35.37 25.10 12.74 10.83 11.34 4.37 3.83 2.85 27.08 41.45 29.07 41.68 20.42 29.79
City of Valenzuela 57.17 45.50 38.61 12.19 14.23 14.40 6.97 6.48 5.56 45.70 68.63 34.84 56.15 29.46 47.76
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/, c/ 37.27 52.44 17.55 16.36 15.37 27.42 6.10 8.06 4.81 27.24 47.29 39.18 65.70 9.63 25.46
City of Makati 1/, a/, c/ 9.45 24.61 31.93 31.82 19.48 26.75 3.01 4.79 8.54 4.50 14.39 16.72 32.50 17.88 45.98
City of Muntinlupa 2/, c/ 43.46 57.27 6.90 16.98 19.39 32.87 7.38 11.11 2.27 31.32 55.60 39.00 75.54 3.17 10.63
City of Parañaque 2/, c/ 46.21 57.45 30.99 17.54 15.41 25.31 8.10 8.85 7.84 32.87 59.54 42.89 72.01 18.09 43.89
Pasay City 2/, c/ 34.39 44.68 12.12 12.63 15.27 29.61 4.34 6.82 3.59 27.25 41.53 33.46 55.91 6.21 18.02
Pateros a/, b/, c/ 3.79 6.80 3.84 30.89 29.21 25.75 1.17 1.98 0.99 1.87 5.72 3.53 10.06 2.21 5.46
City of Taguig 1/, a/ 37.56 136.78 100.91 21.46 17.53 12.96 8.06 23.97 13.08 24.30 50.82 97.35 176.21 79.40 122.43

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 317.52 295.45 256.85 4.34 4.28 6.16 13.77 12.64 15.81 294.86 340.18 274.66 316.25 230.84 282.86
Abra 84.46 69.81 67.33 7.51 7.95 12.15 6.34 5.55 8.18 74.03 94.89 60.67 78.94 53.87 80.78
Apayao 1/, 2/, c/ 33.04 20.35 9.76 14.58 19.54 22.87 4.82 3.98 2.23 25.11 40.96 13.81 26.90 6.09 13.43
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 56.66 69.47 71.00 12.82 9.65 13.66 7.26 6.71 9.70 44.72 68.61 58.43 80.50 55.04 86.95
City of Baguio c/ 13.77 17.48 13.57 19.22 16.12 21.31 2.65 2.82 2.89 9.41 18.12 12.84 22.11 8.81 18.32
Ifugao 44.64 35.75 33.24 11.84 13.27 10.27 5.28 4.74 3.41 35.94 53.33 27.94 43.55 27.63 38.85
Kalinga 2/ 34.23 34.96 22.32 11.04 12.16 16.35 3.78 4.25 3.65 28.02 40.45 27.97 41.96 16.32 28.32
Mt. Province 50.73 47.64 39.64 9.73 9.32 17.96 4.94 4.44 7.12 42.61 58.85 40.34 54.94 27.93 51.35

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 607.55 1,073.75 1,006.48 8.31 5.90 9.51 50.50 63.37 95.69 524.47 690.62 969.51 1,177.99 849.08 1,163.89
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 46.33 55.23 5.89 15.00 17.30 39.38 6.95 9.55 2.32 34.90 57.75 39.51 70.94 2.07 9.70
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 79.50 161.94 92.85 11.34 8.94 11.53 9.02 14.48 10.70 64.66 94.33 138.12 185.76 75.24 110.45
La Union 1/, a/ 42.39 116.00 138.82 20.03 10.59 11.61 8.49 12.28 16.11 28.42 56.36 95.80 136.21 112.32 165.33
Pangasinan 1/ 439.33 740.58 768.93 11.03 8.06 12.18 48.46 59.70 93.69 359.61 519.05 642.38 838.79 614.82 923.04

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 45

p
Table 6a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error p
2018 2021 2023
p p p Upper Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Lower Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
Limit Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 690.98 771.85 607.06 5.90 6.72 9.85 40.80 51.88 59.80 623.87 758.09 686.50 857.19 508.69 705.44
Batanes b/ 2.89 1.74 2.28 18.76 21.97 18.86 0.54 0.38 0.43 2.00 3.78 1.11 2.37 1.57 2.99
Cagayan c/ 221.10 212.48 150.31 9.55 11.30 32.04 21.11 24.02 48.16 186.38 255.83 172.97 251.99 71.09 229.53
Isabela 1/ 334.05 443.48 337.72 9.97 10.02 9.97 33.30 44.42 33.66 279.27 388.84 370.40 516.55 282.35 393.09
Nueva Vizcaya 105.72 83.94 83.03 9.43 13.53 11.56 9.97 11.35 9.60 89.32 122.12 65.26 102.61 67.24 98.81
Quirino 27.22 30.21 33.73 11.69 11.63 16.79 3.18 3.51 5.66 21.98 32.45 24.43 35.99 24.41 43.04

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/ 1,234.32 2,275.56 2,022.70 5.54 5.76 6.17 68.43 131.09 124.77 1,121.75 1,346.88 2,059.92 2,491.20 1,817.46 2,227.94
Aurora 1/ 47.67 69.42 60.63 10.01 9.62 12.10 4.77 6.68 7.34 39.82 55.53 58.44 80.41 48.56 72.70
Bataan 114.88 135.81 119.70 10.49 9.97 14.57 12.05 13.54 17.44 95.05 134.70 113.54 158.08 91.01 148.38
1/
Bulacan 248.20 734.83 805.79 17.48 14.74 12.93 43.39 108.28 104.21 176.83 319.58 556.71 912.95 634.35 977.22
Nueva Ecija 1/ 305.80 522.23 436.14 10.72 10.47 12.55 32.78 54.68 54.73 251.87 359.73 432.28 612.19 346.11 526.17
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) 1/, 2/, a/ 127.84 243.53 142.98 23.78 14.85 14.86 30.40 36.17 21.25 77.84 177.85 184.03 303.02 108.02 177.93
City of Angeles 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 14.80 43.91 20.47 23.99 14.34 24.17 3.55 6.30 4.95 8.96 20.64 33.56 54.27 12.33 28.61
Tarlac 1/ 187.54 262.14 202.39 10.24 9.22 11.73 19.21 24.18 23.74 155.94 219.14 222.37 301.92 163.33 241.45
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 1/ 158.06 216.84 193.66 9.78 7.79 8.79 15.47 16.90 17.03 132.62 183.50 189.05 244.63 165.65 221.67
City of Olongapo 1/ 29.51 46.84 40.95 11.68 10.46 11.74 3.45 4.90 4.81 23.84 35.18 38.78 54.90 33.04 48.85

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 1,615.09 2,416.73 2,282.66 6.19 5.98 5.32 100.00 144.49 121.46 1,450.60 1,779.59 2,179.04 2,654.41 2,082.86 2,482.46
Batangas 1/ 480.12 302.09 380.49 11.05 16.95 11.67 53.06 51.21 44.41 392.84 567.40 217.86 386.33 307.44 453.54
Cavite 1/ 324.06 663.66 576.23 14.58 13.42 10.35 47.24 89.06 59.64 246.36 401.77 517.16 810.16 478.13 674.33
1/
Laguna 231.63 478.20 462.98 17.64 13.64 12.23 40.86 65.21 56.61 164.42 298.85 370.93 585.47 369.87 556.10
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/ 351.64 614.32 395.21 13.24 9.14 14.78 46.54 56.15 58.42 275.08 428.20 521.96 706.68 299.11 491.30
City of Lucena 1/ 22.37 37.20 29.45 16.17 15.95 16.33 3.62 5.93 4.81 16.42 28.31 27.44 46.96 21.54 37.36
Rizal 205.27 321.25 438.30 16.19 16.72 11.60 33.23 53.70 50.83 150.60 259.94 232.91 409.59 354.68 521.92

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 635.11 826.17 880.95 5.03 4.54 6.76 31.96 37.53 59.57 582.54 687.68 764.43 887.91 782.96 978.94
Marinduque 47.55 61.48 51.56 9.91 9.59 10.01 4.71 5.90 5.16 39.80 55.30 51.78 71.18 43.07 60.05
Occidental Mindoro 146.76 166.27 144.49 10.61 9.12 15.20 15.57 15.16 21.96 121.14 172.38 141.32 191.21 108.37 180.61
Oriental Mindoro 1/ 153.36 210.12 248.87 11.21 11.05 10.11 17.20 23.21 25.17 125.07 181.65 171.94 248.31 207.47 290.27
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 174.41 232.55 291.11 11.26 9.68 16.57 19.64 22.51 48.24 142.11 206.71 195.53 269.57 211.76 370.46
City of Puerto Princesa 1/ 15.48 31.82 30.19 17.84 15.76 14.78 2.76 5.01 4.46 10.94 20.02 23.57 40.07 22.85 37.53
Romblon 1/ 97.54 123.93 114.73 8.43 6.91 6.73 8.22 8.56 7.72 84.02 111.07 109.84 138.01 102.04 127.42

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 1,685.18 2,077.03 2,071.63 3.83 3.92 4.67 64.58 81.39 96.80 1,578.95 1,791.41 1,943.13 2,210.92 1,912.40 2,230.86
Albay 2/ 299.31 353.89 468.23 8.59 9.53 6.87 25.71 33.72 32.15 257.02 341.60 298.41 409.37 415.35 521.11
Camarines Norte 197.83 171.84 178.21 8.07 7.44 7.44 15.96 12.79 13.25 171.59 224.08 150.80 192.88 156.41 200.01
Camarines Sur 1/ 523.58 876.24 750.43 8.90 7.48 10.95 46.59 65.53 82.16 446.95 600.22 768.44 984.04 615.28 885.57
Catanduanes 2/ 66.26 65.36 92.84 8.71 8.69 7.50 5.77 5.68 6.97 56.77 75.75 56.02 74.70 81.38 104.30
Masbate 339.04 308.83 246.03 7.76 7.25 10.84 26.30 22.38 26.68 295.77 382.31 272.01 345.65 202.14 289.91
Sorsogon 259.15 300.86 335.89 7.31 7.41 7.60 18.95 22.29 25.51 227.98 290.32 264.20 337.52 293.92 377.86

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 46

p
Table 6a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error p
2018 2021 2023
p p p Upper Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Lower Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
Limit Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 1,624.41 2,015.75 2,102.24 5.21 4.94 5.73 84.63 99.53 120.44 1,485.19 1,763.63 1,852.02 2,179.47 1,904.12 2,300.36
Aklan 2/ 117.70 152.29 53.18 10.25 9.29 13.32 12.06 14.14 7.08 97.86 137.54 129.02 175.55 41.53 64.82
Antique 148.92 165.73 142.73 9.94 8.95 16.47 14.80 14.83 23.50 124.58 173.26 141.33 190.13 104.07 181.39
Capiz 1/, 2/ 62.63 114.83 164.26 12.62 12.98 9.85 7.91 14.90 16.18 49.63 75.64 90.32 139.34 137.64 190.88
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 29.46 48.05 25.01 13.29 12.15 18.01 3.92 5.84 4.50 23.02 35.90 38.45 57.66 17.60 32.42
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 490.95 566.70 549.67 8.60 9.61 9.18 42.20 54.46 50.45 421.53 560.36 477.11 656.29 466.69 632.66
1/
City of Iloilo 28.28 53.75 42.95 13.55 13.63 14.03 3.83 7.33 6.02 21.98 34.59 41.69 65.80 33.04 52.86
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 706.71 863.38 1,032.63 9.90 9.09 10.12 69.95 78.48 104.48 591.64 821.77 734.28 992.47 860.76 1,204.50
City of Bacolod 2/ 39.76 51.02 91.82 14.29 14.02 12.10 5.68 7.15 11.11 30.41 49.10 39.26 62.79 73.55 110.09

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 1,880.74 2,661.35 2,556.14 4.62 4.75 16.92 86.98 126.43 432.42 1,737.65 2,023.82 2,453.38 2,869.32 1,844.82 3,267.47
Bohol 1/ 350.54 454.84 414.67 8.44 8.34 10.73 29.58 37.92 44.49 301.89 399.20 392.46 517.22 341.48 487.86
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/, c/ 831.45 1,357.97 1,451.23 8.10 8.12 29.43 67.34 110.24 427.09 720.67 942.23 1,176.63 1,539.31 748.67 2,153.80
City of Cebu 1/, 2/ 132.86 219.39 143.56 12.89 10.68 11.26 17.12 23.44 16.16 104.70 161.02 180.83 257.95 116.97 170.14
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/ 49.12 82.52 72.45 13.90 10.52 11.33 6.83 8.68 8.21 37.88 60.35 68.24 96.81 58.94 85.96
City of Mandaue 49.82 69.42 58.07 13.77 11.04 15.57 6.86 7.66 9.04 38.53 61.10 56.81 82.02 43.20 72.94
Negros Oriental 453.72 471.29 409.72 9.26 8.77 11.41 42.01 41.32 46.77 384.62 522.82 403.32 539.26 332.79 486.65
1/, b/, c/
Siquijor 13.23 5.92 6.43 16.09 26.30 22.59 2.13 1.56 1.45 9.73 16.74 3.36 8.48 4.04 8.83

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 1,722.76 1,728.28 1,660.92 3.94 3.86 4.62 67.94 66.65 76.69 1,610.99 1,834.52 1,618.63 1,837.92 1,534.77 1,787.07
Biliran 1/, 2/ 43.89 55.42 36.00 8.22 8.28 9.93 3.61 4.59 3.58 37.95 49.83 47.87 62.97 30.12 41.88
Eastern Samar 254.15 220.50 236.61 6.91 7.30 8.08 17.57 16.09 19.11 225.25 283.04 194.03 246.98 205.18 268.04
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 690.26 741.00 611.12 8.22 7.65 8.72 56.73 56.67 53.32 596.93 783.58 647.78 834.22 523.41 698.83
City of Tacloban 45.03 53.14 52.27 10.62 11.18 13.59 4.78 5.94 7.10 37.17 52.90 43.37 62.92 40.58 63.95
Northern Samar 239.82 209.09 248.88 7.44 7.74 13.11 17.85 16.19 32.62 210.45 269.19 182.46 235.72 195.21 302.54
Southern Leyte 2/ 127.95 142.46 109.03 8.15 7.09 11.95 10.43 10.11 13.03 110.80 145.11 125.84 159.09 87.59 130.47
Samar 321.65 306.66 367.03 7.78 7.66 10.10 25.01 23.48 37.09 280.51 362.80 268.04 345.29 306.02 428.04
Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 1,486.30 1,425.48 1,472.21 3.90 3.89 4.34 58.01 55.48 63.93 1,390.88 1,581.72 1,334.21 1,516.75 1,367.05 1,577.38
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 511.62 653.97 523.58 6.16 5.59 9.14 31.51 36.56 47.83 459.78 563.45 593.83 714.11 444.89 602.26
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 2/ 446.34 368.11 508.20 8.25 8.60 6.13 36.82 31.64 31.14 385.77 506.91 316.06 420.16 456.98 559.42
City of Zamboanga 1/ 159.32 110.64 158.84 11.72 14.56 13.67 18.67 16.11 21.71 128.61 190.02 84.15 137.13 123.12 194.55
Zamboanga Sibugay 292.84 255.63 244.80 8.25 8.33 7.35 24.15 21.29 18.00 253.11 332.56 220.60 290.65 215.18 274.42
Isabela City 1/ 76.19 37.13 36.80 12.08 14.25 15.78 9.20 5.29 5.81 61.06 91.33 28.43 45.83 27.25 46.35

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1,564.15 1,715.58 1,697.45 3.49 4.33 3.83 54.64 74.28 65.01 1,474.26 1,654.03 1,593.40 1,837.77 1,590.51 1,804.39
Bukidnon 562.20 605.51 553.96 7.08 9.32 8.48 39.79 56.41 46.97 496.75 627.65 512.72 698.31 476.69 631.23
Camiguin 2/ 27.38 22.78 14.78 8.11 8.98 12.14 2.22 2.04 1.79 23.72 31.03 19.42 26.14 11.83 17.73
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 232.48 365.11 367.70 7.83 9.01 7.67 18.21 32.89 28.21 202.52 262.43 311.01 419.22 321.30 414.10
City of Iligan 86.71 81.72 79.83 10.52 9.25 9.24 9.12 7.56 7.38 71.70 101.72 69.28 94.15 67.70 91.96
Misamis Occidental 1/ 257.71 194.61 240.98 7.46 9.01 7.68 19.23 17.54 18.50 226.07 289.34 165.76 223.47 210.56 271.41
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 289.11 315.47 306.75 7.42 8.39 7.99 21.45 26.46 24.51 253.83 324.39 271.94 358.99 266.44 347.07
City of Cagayan De Oro 108.57 130.38 133.45 11.39 10.41 11.21 12.37 13.57 14.96 88.23 128.91 108.05 152.71 108.85 158.05

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 47

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Table 6a. First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error p
2018 2021 2023
p p p Upper Upper
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Lower Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
Limit Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 1,220.14 1,039.62 1,502.20 4.62 5.24 22.65 56.36 54.43 340.22 1,127.43 1,312.85 950.08 1,129.16 942.55 2,061.85
Davao del Norte 196.47 190.50 214.54 12.26 12.55 14.84 24.09 23.91 31.83 156.85 236.10 151.16 229.84 162.18 266.90
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 164.45 127.98 142.73 8.46 10.90 10.86 13.92 13.95 15.49 141.56 187.35 105.03 150.93 117.24 168.22
City of Davao c/ 196.68 166.68 574.07 19.90 14.76 58.71 39.15 24.61 337.05 132.28 261.07 126.20 207.16 19.63 1,128.51
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 138.79 199.02 301.96 7.46 9.60 6.64 10.35 19.11 20.06 121.77 155.82 167.59 230.45 268.97 334.96
Davao de Oro 247.01 218.07 154.19 7.80 15.12 11.10 19.27 32.97 17.11 215.31 278.72 163.83 272.31 126.05 182.34
1/
Davao Occidental 276.73 137.37 114.70 7.15 8.56 12.29 19.78 11.76 14.09 244.18 309.27 118.03 156.72 91.52 137.88

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 1,606.27 1,702.56 1,369.71 4.07 4.10 5.42 65.41 69.84 74.30 1,498.66 1,713.88 1,587.68 1,817.44 1,247.50 1,491.93
Cotabato 469.82 564.28 447.54 8.70 8.96 11.33 40.88 50.58 50.69 402.57 537.08 481.08 647.49 364.16 530.93
2/
Sarangani 268.51 292.80 227.41 8.19 7.23 11.08 21.99 21.16 25.19 232.35 304.68 257.99 327.61 185.98 268.84
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 262.18 279.38 240.87 11.68 10.45 10.93 30.61 29.21 26.33 211.82 312.54 231.33 327.43 197.56 284.18
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/ 129.66 136.54 83.86 11.50 9.81 11.41 14.92 13.39 9.57 105.13 154.20 114.50 158.57 68.11 99.60
Sultan Kudarat 2/ 328.02 274.11 370.03 8.65 9.56 10.58 28.39 26.20 39.14 281.32 374.71 231.01 317.20 305.65 434.41

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 948.91 1,065.92 797.18 3.55 3.46 5.67 33.65 36.88 45.23 893.55 1,004.27 1,005.24 1,126.59 722.78 871.59
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 120.65 140.23 121.36 8.29 6.43 8.16 10.01 9.02 9.90 104.19 137.11 125.39 155.08 105.08 137.64
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 88.94 120.54 84.85 11.88 7.99 10.67 10.57 9.63 9.06 71.55 106.32 104.70 136.39 69.96 99.75
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 293.92 358.03 264.94 7.47 6.58 7.02 21.95 23.54 18.60 257.82 330.03 319.31 396.76 234.34 295.54
Surigao del Norte 2/ 201.53 180.16 98.20 6.90 8.66 11.65 13.91 15.60 11.44 178.65 224.42 154.51 205.82 79.37 117.02
Surigao del Sur c/ 188.13 218.24 177.83 7.82 8.75 20.73 14.71 19.10 36.86 163.94 212.32 186.82 249.65 117.19 238.47
Dinagat Islands 55.73 48.71 50.00 9.70 10.03 10.94 5.41 4.88 5.47 46.84 64.63 40.67 56.74 41.01 59.00

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 2,537.41 1,954.40 2,233.72 3.72 4.78 3.44 94.33 93.41 76.86 2,382.25 2,692.58 1,800.73 2,108.06 2,107.29 2,360.16
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 267.37 227.94 245.43 7.42 7.76 7.68 19.84 17.70 18.85 234.74 300.00 198.83 257.05 214.41 276.45
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 814.67 178.08 359.13 6.82 11.44 8.45 55.58 20.38 30.33 723.24 906.11 144.56 211.59 309.24 409.02
Maguindanao 2/ 702.76 600.32 755.32 6.86 9.62 6.28 48.20 57.74 47.42 623.47 782.06 505.34 695.29 677.32 833.32
Sulu 2/ 655.54 750.02 325.68 8.36 8.47 9.90 54.78 63.56 32.23 565.43 745.65 645.46 854.58 272.66 378.71
Tawi-tawi 1/ 97.07 198.04 256.09 9.78 12.61 10.19 9.50 24.97 26.08 81.45 112.69 156.96 239.13 213.18 299.00
Cotabato City 148.07 155.45 170.37 8.51 7.94 9.02 12.60 12.34 15.36 127.35 168.80 135.15 175.75 145.10 195.64
Notes:
* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of poor population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of poor population is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of poor population is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of poor population is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 48

Table 7. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 1,549.09 1,868.74 1,616.52 1.78 1.91 5.27 27.64 35.73 85.15 1,503.62 1,594.56 1,809.96 1,927.52 1,476.45 1,756.59
2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 52.90 42.44 21.44 7.75 8.44 14.30 4.10 3.58 3.07 46.16 59.65 36.55 48.33 16.40 26.49
1st District 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9.45 0.62 5.00 21.97 70.43 39.08 2.08 0.43 1.96 6.04 12.87 0.0 1.33 1.79 8.22
2nd District 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9.96 9.84 4.35 20.46 20.33 32.00 2.04 2.00 1.39 6.61 13.32 6.55 13.13 2.06 6.63
3rd District 1/, 2/, c/ 19.97 12.71 4.30 12.52 14.46 34.35 2.50 1.84 1.48 15.86 24.08 9.68 15.73 1.87 6.73
4th District 1/, 2/ 13.52 19.28 7.79 10.73 11.91 15.49 1.45 2.30 1.21 11.13 15.90 15.50 23.06 5.81 9.78
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 26.86 21.44 14.42 5.93 6.28 10.58 1.59 1.35 1.53 24.24 29.48 19.22 23.65 11.91 16.93
Abra 1/, c/ 9.05 4.83 4.91 8.96 10.94 22.01 0.81 0.53 1.08 7.72 10.38 3.96 5.70 3.13 6.68
Apayao 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 3.28 1.17 0.33 23.80 30.45 53.69 0.78 0.36 0.18 2.00 4.57 0.59 1.76 0.04 0.63
Benguet 5.49 7.78 5.23 15.49 11.61 18.18 0.85 0.90 0.95 4.09 6.89 6.29 9.26 3.66 6.79
Ifugao 2/, c/ 2.46 2.54 0.94 17.03 18.27 22.12 0.42 0.46 0.21 1.77 3.14 1.77 3.30 0.60 1.28
Kalinga 2/, c/ 2.21 1.63 0.82 15.62 18.82 22.56 0.35 0.31 0.18 1.64 2.78 1.13 2.14 0.51 1.12
Mt. Province 4.37 3.49 2.20 11.43 15.25 17.58 0.50 0.53 0.39 3.55 5.19 2.61 4.36 1.56 2.84

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 22.92 67.04 67.34 17.52 10.87 14.76 4.02 7.29 9.94 16.31 29.52 55.06 79.03 51.00 83.69
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/ 1.29 1.33 0.0 45.95 31.97 0.0 0.59 0.42 0.00 0.32 2.27 0.63 2.03 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 2.42 9.84 3.66 29.25 14.28 21.55 0.71 1.40 0.79 1.25 3.58 7.53 12.15 2.36 4.96
La Union 1/, a/ 1.15 5.59 7.99 36.84 16.10 18.62 0.42 0.90 1.49 0.45 1.84 4.11 7.08 5.55 10.44
Pangasinan 1/, a/ 18.06 50.28 55.69 21.51 14.08 17.59 3.89 7.08 9.79 11.67 24.45 38.64 61.93 39.58 71.80

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 43.80 54.29 27.55 8.80 10.50 16.95 3.85 5.70 4.67 37.46 50.14 44.92 63.66 19.87 35.23
Batanes 2/, a/, b/, c/ 0.36 0.15 0.36 26.60 35.67 24.51 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.20 0.51 0.06 0.25 0.22 0.51
Cagayan c/ 15.40 11.63 6.86 14.06 15.90 52.10 2.16 1.85 3.57 11.84 18.96 8.59 14.67 0.98 12.74
Isabela 1/, 2/ 18.87 34.19 15.99 15.82 15.18 18.13 2.98 5.19 2.90 13.96 23.78 25.65 42.73 11.22 20.75
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 8.14 6.86 2.94 13.33 20.77 24.61 1.08 1.43 0.72 6.35 9.92 4.52 9.21 1.75 4.13
Quirino a/, c/ 1.04 1.45 1.40 24.28 17.53 23.98 0.25 0.25 0.34 0.63 1.46 1.03 1.86 0.85 1.96

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 66.02 125.81 92.16 7.86 8.68 10.95 5.19 10.92 10.09 57.49 74.55 107.86 143.77 75.56 108.76
Aurora 1/ 3.28 5.03 3.80 15.04 12.96 16.31 0.49 0.65 0.62 2.47 4.09 3.95 6.10 2.78 4.83
Bataan 7.68 7.95 5.14 14.45 15.31 19.64 1.11 1.22 1.01 5.85 9.50 5.95 9.96 3.48 6.80
Bulacan 1/, a/, b/, c/ 10.93 42.95 40.02 24.54 20.21 21.81 2.68 8.68 8.73 6.52 15.34 28.67 57.23 25.66 54.37
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/, c/ 16.40 30.80 14.22 19.11 18.18 25.58 3.13 5.60 3.64 11.24 21.55 21.59 40.02 8.24 20.20
Pampanga 2/, a/, b/, c/ 5.01 8.42 3.49 34.04 21.53 30.43 1.70 1.81 1.06 2.20 7.81 5.44 11.40 1.74 5.23
Tarlac c/ 9.03 12.61 10.40 17.76 14.98 24.53 1.60 1.89 2.55 6.39 11.67 9.50 15.72 6.20 14.59
Zambales 13.70 18.06 15.10 12.53 10.62 12.27 1.72 1.92 1.85 10.88 16.52 14.90 21.21 12.05 18.15

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 49

Table 7. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 84.29 130.97 112.54 10.16 9.20 8.76 8.57 12.05 9.86 70.20 98.38 111.14 150.79 96.32 128.75
Batangas 1/, b/ 27.55 12.85 17.70 17.73 26.28 19.19 4.88 3.38 3.40 19.52 35.58 7.29 18.40 12.11 23.29
Cavite a/, b/ 17.80 30.00 30.79 23.57 20.63 16.79 4.20 6.19 5.17 10.90 24.70 19.81 40.18 22.28 39.29
Laguna 1/, a/, b/, c/ 12.79 27.63 27.37 29.29 23.33 20.60 3.75 6.45 5.64 6.63 18.96 17.03 38.24 18.10 36.65
Quezon 1/, 2/, c/ 15.07 45.24 12.81 19.66 14.50 22.33 2.96 6.56 2.86 10.20 19.94 34.45 56.03 8.11 17.52
Rizal a/, b/ 11.08 15.25 23.86 27.22 21.71 18.25 3.02 3.31 4.36 6.12 16.04 9.80 20.70 16.70 31.03

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 39.66 58.89 52.66 8.61 7.21 12.34 3.41 4.24 6.50 34.04 45.28 51.91 65.87 41.97 63.35
Marinduque 2/ 2.64 3.61 1.78 16.47 14.13 19.21 0.44 0.51 0.34 1.93 3.36 2.77 4.44 1.22 2.34
Occidental Mindoro c/ 10.84 13.97 11.52 17.22 13.27 25.00 1.87 1.85 2.88 7.77 13.91 10.92 17.02 6.78 16.26
Oriental Mindoro 10.00 13.56 14.24 17.58 18.41 19.87 1.76 2.50 2.83 7.11 12.89 9.45 17.66 9.58 18.89
Palawan 1/, a/, c/ 9.78 19.18 19.50 20.87 13.88 25.74 2.04 2.66 5.02 6.42 13.14 14.80 23.56 11.24 27.75
Romblon 2/ 6.39 8.58 5.62 13.35 11.62 14.21 0.85 1.00 0.80 4.99 7.80 6.94 10.22 4.31 6.94

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 99.20 140.08 119.56 6.19 6.49 6.27 6.14 9.09 7.50 89.10 109.29 125.13 155.04 107.23 131.89
Albay 2/ 13.36 19.00 27.79 14.38 16.15 10.01 1.92 3.07 2.78 10.20 16.53 13.95 24.05 23.21 32.36
Camarines Norte 13.31 10.43 9.25 12.08 12.20 13.50 1.61 1.27 1.25 10.67 15.96 8.34 12.53 7.20 11.30
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 33.36 75.03 49.62 13.74 10.66 12.54 4.58 8.00 6.22 25.82 40.90 61.88 88.19 39.38 59.85
Catanduanes 2/ 4.43 3.10 5.61 13.54 13.63 10.95 0.60 0.42 0.61 3.44 5.41 2.41 3.80 4.60 6.62
Masbate 2/ 20.54 16.21 10.46 13.21 12.81 16.71 2.71 2.08 1.75 16.08 25.00 12.80 19.63 7.58 13.33
Sorsogon 14.20 16.30 16.84 11.47 11.00 12.94 1.63 1.79 2.18 11.52 16.88 13.35 19.25 13.25 20.42

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 91.17 133.32 150.59 10.17 7.90 10.66 9.28 10.53 16.05 75.91 106.43 115.99 150.64 124.18 176.99
Aklan 2/, c/ 6.12 9.47 1.51 18.83 13.63 28.61 1.15 1.29 0.43 4.22 8.01 7.35 11.60 0.80 2.23
Antique 1/, c/ 9.61 14.71 9.96 12.60 12.74 36.27 1.21 1.87 3.61 7.62 11.60 11.63 17.80 4.02 15.90
Capiz 2/, a/, b/ 1.80 2.96 7.11 29.39 31.77 19.84 0.53 0.94 1.41 0.93 2.67 1.41 4.51 4.79 9.44
Guimaras 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 1.44 2.97 0.63 20.50 23.57 27.77 0.30 0.70 0.17 0.95 1.93 1.82 4.12 0.34 0.92
Iloilo 1/ 22.48 44.42 35.63 15.76 14.35 11.72 3.54 6.38 4.18 16.65 28.30 33.93 54.91 28.76 42.50
Negros Occidental 2/ 49.73 58.78 95.74 16.87 13.58 15.67 8.39 7.98 15.00 35.93 63.52 45.65 71.91 71.07 120.42

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/, c/ 133.44 251.63 198.20 7.13 6.83 24.90 9.51 17.19 49.35 117.80 149.08 223.35 279.90 117.03 279.37
Bohol 1/, 2/ 27.94 39.00 25.09 12.91 11.00 15.02 3.61 4.29 3.77 22.01 33.87 31.95 46.06 18.89 31.29
Cebu 1/, c/ 59.97 167.87 144.48 11.34 9.38 33.93 6.80 15.74 49.02 48.78 71.15 141.98 193.77 63.84 225.12
Negros Oriental 2/ 44.73 44.57 28.53 12.47 12.13 14.62 5.58 5.41 4.17 35.55 53.91 35.68 53.46 21.67 35.39
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 0.81 0.18 0.09 25.09 49.16 58.34 0.20 0.09 0.05 0.47 1.14 0.03 0.32 0.0 0.18

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 50

Table 7. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 143.73 149.82 128.68 5.85 6.13 7.24 8.41 9.18 9.32 129.89 157.58 134.72 164.93 113.36 144.01
Biliran 1/, 2/ 2.61 3.80 1.58 12.32 11.83 16.82 0.32 0.45 0.27 2.08 3.14 3.06 4.54 1.14 2.02
Eastern Samar 24.88 23.95 26.17 9.09 10.25 12.55 2.26 2.46 3.28 21.16 28.60 19.91 27.99 20.77 31.57
Leyte 2/ 65.06 79.87 44.12 11.13 10.35 12.81 7.24 8.27 5.65 53.14 76.97 66.27 93.47 34.82 53.41
Northern Samar 1/, c/ 17.59 10.01 17.28 11.34 11.45 22.67 2.00 1.15 3.92 14.31 20.87 8.13 11.90 10.84 23.73
Southern Leyte 2/, c/ 7.93 10.05 4.79 11.87 11.25 20.35 0.94 1.13 0.97 6.38 9.48 8.19 11.91 3.19 6.39
Samar 2/ 25.67 22.14 34.75 11.20 12.08 15.14 2.87 2.67 5.26 20.94 30.39 17.74 26.54 26.09 43.41

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 132.31 131.96 106.54 5.72 5.38 6.78 7.57 7.10 7.22 119.86 144.77 120.28 143.64 94.66 118.42
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 53.30 78.64 41.72 9.44 7.22 12.85 5.03 5.68 5.36 45.02 61.57 69.30 87.98 32.90 50.54
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 45.12 32.09 49.91 10.58 11.39 9.10 4.77 3.65 4.54 37.27 52.97 26.08 38.10 42.44 57.38
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 27.07 19.39 13.77 10.62 11.10 11.68 2.88 2.15 1.61 22.34 31.80 15.85 22.93 11.12 16.42
Isabela City 1/, b/, c/ 6.83 1.84 1.14 14.47 22.98 36.34 0.99 0.42 0.42 5.20 8.45 1.15 2.54 0.46 1.83

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1/ 105.92 129.51 109.78 5.05 7.22 5.77 5.35 9.35 6.33 97.13 114.72 114.12 144.89 99.36 120.19
Bukidnon 2/ 39.31 54.27 35.53 10.03 14.08 12.28 3.94 7.64 4.36 32.82 45.80 41.70 66.85 28.35 42.71
Camiguin 2/, c/ 1.96 1.55 0.49 14.99 15.21 25.25 0.29 0.24 0.12 1.47 2.44 1.16 1.94 0.29 0.70
Lanao del Norte 1/ 19.11 35.19 33.67 9.97 12.10 10.42 1.90 4.26 3.51 15.97 22.24 28.18 42.19 27.90 39.44
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 18.97 9.39 15.14 10.88 15.66 10.73 2.06 1.47 1.62 15.57 22.36 6.97 11.81 12.47 17.82
Misamis Oriental 26.58 29.10 24.95 8.47 10.13 9.89 2.25 2.95 2.47 22.88 30.29 24.25 33.95 20.89 29.00

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 84.24 65.00 142.97 8.01 7.33 43.15 6.74 4.76 61.69 73.15 95.34 57.16 72.83 41.49 244.45
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 11.10 10.59 13.47 19.02 22.81 31.68 2.11 2.42 4.27 7.62 14.57 6.62 14.57 6.45 20.49
Davao del Sur a/, c/ 24.10 16.22 90.99 22.80 15.33 67.55 5.49 2.49 61.46 15.06 33.14 12.13 20.31 0.0 192.10
Davao Oriental 2/ 16.53 12.86 26.26 11.06 14.61 9.79 1.83 1.88 2.57 13.52 19.53 9.77 15.95 22.03 30.48
Davao de Oro 2/ 19.07 13.58 5.03 11.82 15.29 19.90 2.25 2.08 1.00 15.36 22.78 10.16 16.99 3.38 6.68
Davao Occidental 2/, c/ 13.45 11.75 7.22 11.58 14.35 21.05 1.56 1.69 1.52 10.89 16.01 8.97 14.52 4.72 9.73

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 157.23 151.04 113.23 6.07 5.78 7.90 9.54 8.72 8.94 141.53 172.93 136.69 165.40 98.52 127.93
Cotabato 47.82 40.94 40.06 12.36 13.53 14.13 5.91 5.54 5.66 38.10 57.54 31.83 50.06 30.75 49.37
Sarangani 2/ 31.06 34.00 21.75 12.77 9.98 16.83 3.97 3.39 3.66 24.54 37.58 28.42 39.58 15.73 27.77
South Cotabato 2/ 29.79 41.33 22.08 16.17 11.69 14.47 4.82 4.83 3.19 21.86 37.71 33.39 49.28 16.82 27.33
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 35.94 22.63 29.33 10.69 12.88 16.80 3.84 2.92 4.93 29.62 42.25 17.84 27.43 21.23 37.44

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 51

Table 7. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 73.02 97.33 51.90 5.51 5.15 9.49 4.03 5.01 4.93 66.40 79.64 89.09 105.57 43.80 60.01
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 14.27 22.64 16.18 10.21 8.15 10.04 1.46 1.84 1.62 11.87 16.66 19.60 25.67 13.51 18.85
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 24.57 37.05 16.63 11.43 9.23 11.89 2.81 3.42 1.98 19.95 29.19 31.43 42.68 13.38 19.88
Surigao del Norte 2/ 16.18 16.64 4.12 10.95 13.02 19.82 1.77 2.17 0.82 13.26 19.10 13.08 20.21 2.78 5.46
Surigao del Sur c/ 12.42 17.02 11.34 12.77 13.00 36.12 1.59 2.21 4.09 9.81 15.03 13.38 20.65 4.60 18.07
Dinagat Islands 5.58 3.98 3.64 13.19 15.98 14.74 0.74 0.64 0.54 4.37 6.79 2.93 5.03 2.75 4.52

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 192.36 118.17 106.96 4.60 6.51 5.84 8.84 7.69 6.25 177.82 206.91 105.52 130.82 96.68 117.24
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 24.42 14.43 15.06 8.77 10.16 10.18 2.14 1.47 1.53 20.90 27.94 12.02 16.84 12.54 17.59
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 74.24 1.69 4.79 7.94 30.99 20.83 5.89 0.52 1.00 64.55 83.94 0.83 2.55 3.15 6.43
Maguindanao 1/ 45.51 30.66 37.56 10.38 12.46 10.37 4.73 3.82 3.90 37.74 53.29 24.38 36.95 31.15 43.97
Sulu 1/, 2/ 43.68 60.00 8.58 9.16 10.45 18.48 4.00 6.27 1.59 37.09 50.26 49.69 70.31 5.97 11.19
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 4.51 11.39 18.30 16.20 14.77 13.12 0.73 1.68 2.40 3.31 5.71 8.62 14.16 14.35 22.25
Cotabato City 12.63 12.14 11.54 12.45 11.83 12.78 1.57 1.44 1.47 10.04 15.21 9.77 14.50 9.12 13.97
Notes:

* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off

1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of subsistence poor families is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of subsistence poor families is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of subsistence poor families is greater than 20%.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 52

Table 7a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Region/Province 90% Confidence Interval
Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 1,549.09 1,868.74 1,616.52 1.78 1.91 5.27 27.64 35.73 85.15 1,503.62 1,594.56 1,809.96 1,927.52 1,476.45 1,756.59

2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 52.90 42.40 21.44 7.80 8.40 14.30 4.10 3.60 3.07 46.20 59.70 36.50 48.30 16.40 26.49
1st District
City of Manila 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 9.50 0.60 5.00 22.00 70.40 39.08 2.10 0.40 1.96 6.00 12.90 0.00 1.30 1.79 8.22
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong a/, b/, c/ 0.30 0.10 0.28 49.70 100.00 58.26 0.20 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.60 0.00 0.20 0.01 0.54
City of Marikina a/, b/, c/ 0.80 0.40 0.13 31.10 45.40 70.58 0.20 0.20 0.09 0.40 1.10 0.10 0.60 0.00 0.29
City of Pasig 1/, a/, b/, c/ 1.60 3.90 2.25 36.10 24.00 30.27 0.60 0.90 0.68 0.60 2.50 2.40 5.40 1.13 3.37
Quezon City a/, b/, c/ 7.20 5.50 1.69 26.80 31.80 71.03 1.90 1.80 1.20 4.00 10.40 2.60 8.40 0.00 3.66
City of San Juan a/, b/, c/, d/ 0.10 0.00 0.00 70.60 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/, c/ 12.00 8.80 3.53 19.60 19.90 41.21 2.40 1.70 1.45 8.10 15.90 5.90 11.60 1.14 5.92
City of Malabon 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 2.60 1.30 0.19 17.30 23.10 61.86 0.50 0.30 0.12 1.90 3.40 0.80 1.80 0.00 0.38
City of Navotas 2/, b/, c/ 1.90 1.20 0.21 15.10 22.80 40.13 0.30 0.30 0.08 1.40 2.30 0.70 1.60 0.07 0.35
City of Valenzuela 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 3.50 1.40 0.37 18.70 27.90 57.87 0.70 0.40 0.21 2.40 4.60 0.80 2.10 0.02 0.72
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/, a/, b/, c/ 1.50 2.04 0.51 25.69 27.95 44.66 0.38 0.57 0.23 0.86 2.13 1.10 2.98 0.13 0.88
City of Makati a/, b/, c/ 0.59 1.09 0.95 52.47 39.95 51.86 0.31 0.43 0.49 0.08 1.11 0.37 1.80 0.14 1.76
City of Muntinlupa 2/, b/, c/ 2.85 2.63 0.00 19.60 29.35 0.00 0.56 0.77 0.00 1.93 3.77 1.36 3.90 0.00 0.00
City of Parañaque 2/, a/, b/, c/ 2.92 2.87 0.74 27.05 27.33 46.26 0.79 0.78 0.34 1.62 4.22 1.58 4.16 0.18 1.30
Pasay City 2/, b/, c/ 3.02 2.88 0.15 17.82 24.72 70.99 0.54 0.71 0.11 2.14 3.91 1.71 4.05 0.00 0.32
Pateros a/, b/, c/ 0.24 0.30 0.17 38.08 37.41 35.91 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.09 0.38 0.11 0.48 0.07 0.26
City of Taguig 1/, a/, b/ 2.40 7.48 5.29 32.95 23.27 19.23 0.79 1.74 1.02 1.10 3.70 4.62 10.34 3.61 6.96

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 26.86 21.44 14.42 5.93 6.28 10.58 1.59 1.35 1.53 24.24 29.48 19.22 23.65 11.91 16.93
Abra 1/, c/ 9.05 4.83 4.91 8.96 10.94 22.01 0.81 0.53 1.08 7.72 10.38 3.96 5.70 3.13 6.68
Apayao 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 3.28 1.17 0.33 23.80 30.45 53.69 0.78 0.36 0.18 2.00 4.57 0.59 1.76 0.04 0.63
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 4.65 6.36 4.86 17.31 13.16 19.22 0.80 0.84 0.93 3.32 5.97 4.99 7.74 3.32 6.40
City of Baguio 2/, a/, b/, c/ 0.84 1.41 0.37 32.64 23.79 47.49 0.28 0.34 0.17 0.39 1.30 0.86 1.97 0.08 0.65
Ifugao 2/, c/ 2.46 2.54 0.94 17.03 18.27 22.12 0.42 0.46 0.21 1.77 3.14 1.77 3.30 0.60 1.28
Kalinga 2/, c/ 2.21 1.63 0.82 15.62 18.82 22.56 0.35 0.31 0.18 1.64 2.78 1.13 2.14 0.51 1.12
Mt. Province 4.37 3.49 2.20 11.43 15.25 17.58 0.50 0.53 0.39 3.55 5.19 2.61 4.36 1.56 2.84
1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 22.92 67.04 67.34 17.52 10.87 14.76 4.02 7.29 9.94 16.31 29.52 55.06 79.03 51.00 83.69
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/, c/ 1.29 1.33 0.00 45.95 31.97 0.00 0.59 0.42 0.00 0.32 2.27 0.63 2.03 0.00 0.00
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 2.42 9.84 3.66 29.25 14.28 21.55 0.71 1.40 0.79 1.25 3.58 7.53 12.15 2.36 4.96
La Union 1/, a/ 1.15 5.59 7.99 36.84 16.10 18.62 0.42 0.90 1.49 0.45 1.84 4.11 7.08 5.55 10.44
Pangasinan 1/, a/ 18.06 50.28 55.69 21.51 14.08 17.59 3.89 7.08 9.79 11.67 24.45 38.64 61.93 39.58 71.80

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 53

Table 7a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Region/Province 90% Confidence Interval
Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 43.80 54.29 27.55 8.80 10.50 16.95 3.85 5.70 4.67 37.46 50.14 44.92 63.66 19.87 35.23
Batanes 2/, a/, b/, c/ 0.36 0.15 0.36 26.60 35.67 24.51 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.20 0.51 0.06 0.25 0.22 0.51
Cagayan c/ 15.40 11.63 6.86 14.06 15.90 52.10 2.16 1.85 3.57 11.84 18.96 8.59 14.67 0.98 12.74
Isabela 1/, 2/ 18.87 34.19 15.99 15.82 15.18 18.13 2.98 5.19 2.90 13.96 23.78 25.65 42.73 11.22 20.75
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 8.14 6.86 2.94 13.33 20.77 24.61 1.08 1.43 0.72 6.35 9.92 4.52 9.21 1.75 4.13
Quirino a/, c/ 1.04 1.45 1.40 24.28 17.53 23.98 0.25 0.25 0.34 0.63 1.46 1.03 1.86 0.85 1.96
Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 66.02 125.81 92.16 7.86 8.68 10.95 5.19 10.92 10.09 57.49 74.55 107.86 143.77 75.56 108.76
Aurora 1/ 3.28 5.03 3.80 15.04 12.96 16.31 0.49 0.65 0.62 2.47 4.09 3.95 6.10 2.78 4.83
Bataan 7.68 7.95 5.14 14.45 15.31 19.64 1.11 1.22 1.01 5.85 9.50 5.95 9.96 3.48 6.80
Bulacan 1/, a/, b/, c/ 10.93 42.95 40.02 24.54 20.21 21.81 2.68 8.68 8.73 6.52 15.34 28.67 57.23 25.66 54.37
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/, c/ 16.40 30.80 14.22 19.11 18.18 25.58 3.13 5.60 3.64 11.24 21.55 21.59 40.02 8.24 20.20
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) a/, b/, c/ 4.58 6.74 3.01 36.97 26.20 34.21 1.70 1.76 1.03 1.80 7.37 3.83 9.64 1.32 4.70
City of Angeles 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 0.42 1.68 0.48 40.60 24.59 53.95 0.17 0.41 0.26 0.14 0.70 1.00 2.37 0.05 0.90
Tarlac c/ 9.03 12.61 10.40 17.76 14.98 24.53 1.60 1.89 2.55 6.39 11.67 9.50 15.72 6.20 14.59
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 11.95 15.68 13.11 14.02 11.99 13.81 1.68 1.88 1.81 9.19 14.71 12.59 18.77 10.13 16.08
City of Olongapo a/, c/ 1.75 2.38 2.00 21.31 16.07 20.05 0.37 0.38 0.40 1.14 2.36 1.75 3.00 1.34 2.65

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 84.29 130.97 112.54 10.16 9.20 8.76 8.57 12.05 9.86 70.20 98.38 111.14 150.79 96.32 128.75
Batangas 1/, b/ 27.55 12.85 17.70 17.73 26.28 19.19 4.88 3.38 3.40 19.52 35.58 7.29 18.40 12.11 23.29
Cavite a/, b/ 17.80 30.00 30.79 23.57 20.63 16.79 4.20 6.19 5.17 10.90 24.70 19.81 40.18 22.28 39.29
Laguna 1/, a/, b/, c/ 12.79 27.63 27.37 29.29 23.33 20.60 3.75 6.45 5.64 6.63 18.96 17.03 38.24 18.10 36.65
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 13.55 43.87 11.63 21.64 14.93 24.42 2.93 6.55 2.84 8.73 18.38 33.10 54.65 6.96 16.30
City of Lucena a/, b/, c/ 1.52 1.37 1.18 27.39 25.44 29.11 0.42 0.35 0.34 0.83 2.20 0.80 1.94 0.62 1.75
Rizal a/, b/ 11.08 15.25 23.86 27.22 21.71 18.25 3.02 3.31 4.36 6.12 16.04 9.80 20.70 16.70 31.03
MIMAROPA Region 1/ 39.66 58.89 52.66 8.61 7.21 12.34 3.41 4.24 6.50 34.04 45.28 51.91 65.87 41.97 63.35
Marinduque 2/ 2.64 3.61 1.78 16.47 14.13 19.21 0.44 0.51 0.34 1.93 3.36 2.77 4.44 1.22 2.34
Occidental Mindoro c/ 10.84 13.97 11.52 17.22 13.27 25.00 1.87 1.85 2.88 7.77 13.91 10.92 17.02 6.78 16.26
Oriental Mindoro 10.00 13.56 14.24 17.58 18.41 19.87 1.76 2.50 2.83 7.11 12.89 9.45 17.66 9.58 18.89
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1/, a/, c/ 9.22 18.11 18.95 21.98 14.62 26.47 2.03 2.65 5.01 5.89 12.56 13.75 22.46 10.70 27.20
City of Puerto Princesa a/, b/, c/ 0.56 1.07 0.55 43.51 26.67 34.34 0.24 0.29 0.19 0.16 0.96 0.60 1.54 0.24 0.86
Romblon 2/ 6.39 8.58 5.62 13.35 11.62 14.21 0.85 1.00 0.80 4.99 7.80 6.94 10.22 4.31 6.94

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 99.20 140.08 119.56 6.19 6.49 6.27 6.14 9.09 7.50 89.10 109.29 125.13 155.04 107.23 131.89
Albay 2/ 13.36 19.00 27.79 14.38 16.15 10.01 1.92 3.07 2.78 10.20 16.53 13.95 24.05 23.21 32.36
Camarines Norte 13.31 10.43 9.25 12.08 12.20 13.50 1.61 1.27 1.25 10.67 15.96 8.34 12.53 7.20 11.30
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 33.36 75.03 49.62 13.74 10.66 12.54 4.58 8.00 6.22 25.82 40.90 61.88 88.19 39.38 59.85
Catanduanes 2/ 4.43 3.10 5.61 13.54 13.63 10.95 0.60 0.42 0.61 3.44 5.41 2.41 3.80 4.60 6.62
Masbate 2/ 20.54 16.21 10.46 13.21 12.81 16.71 2.71 2.08 1.75 16.08 25.00 12.80 19.63 7.58 13.33
Sorsogon 14.20 16.30 16.84 11.47 11.00 12.94 1.63 1.79 2.18 11.52 16.88 13.35 19.25 13.25 20.42

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 54

Table 7a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Region/Province 90% Confidence Interval
Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 91.17 133.32 150.59 10.17 7.90 10.66 9.28 10.53 16.05 75.91 106.43 115.99 150.64 124.18 176.99
Aklan 2/, c/ 6.12 9.47 1.51 18.83 13.63 28.61 1.15 1.29 0.43 4.22 8.01 7.35 11.60 0.80 2.23
Antique 1/, c/ 9.61 14.71 9.96 12.60 12.74 36.27 1.21 1.87 3.61 7.62 11.60 11.63 17.80 4.02 15.90
Capiz 2/, a/, b/ 1.80 2.96 7.11 29.39 31.77 19.84 0.53 0.94 1.41 0.93 2.67 1.41 4.51 4.79 9.44
Guimaras 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 1.44 2.97 0.63 20.50 23.57 27.77 0.30 0.70 0.17 0.95 1.93 1.82 4.12 0.34 0.92
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 1/ 21.67 42.10 33.93 16.30 15.11 12.23 3.53 6.36 4.15 15.85 27.48 31.63 52.56 27.10 40.76
City of Iloilo 1/, a/, c/ 0.81 2.32 1.70 32.79 18.80 27.34 0.27 0.44 0.47 0.37 1.25 1.60 3.04 0.94 2.47
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 2/ 48.68 57.36 90.88 17.21 13.90 16.47 8.38 7.97 14.97 34.90 62.46 44.24 70.47 66.25 115.51
City of Bacolod 2/, a/, b/ 1.05 1.42 4.86 34.19 26.20 19.05 0.36 0.37 0.93 0.46 1.63 0.81 2.04 3.34 6.38
Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/, c/ 133.44 251.63 198.20 7.13 6.83 24.90 9.51 17.19 49.35 117.80 149.08 223.35 279.90 117.03 279.37
Bohol 1/, 2/ 27.94 39.00 25.09 12.91 11.00 15.02 3.61 4.29 3.77 22.01 33.87 31.95 46.06 18.89 31.29
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/, c/ 45.61 143.93 131.57 14.29 10.79 37.24 6.52 15.53 49.00 34.89 56.34 118.38 169.48 50.97 212.17
City of Cebu 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 8.09 14.29 5.41 21.02 16.33 23.01 1.70 2.33 1.24 5.30 10.89 10.45 18.12 3.36 7.45
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/, a/ 2.82 5.19 4.24 20.94 16.21 17.40 0.59 0.84 0.74 1.85 3.79 3.81 6.57 3.03 5.45
City of Mandaue a/, c/ 3.44 4.47 3.26 20.13 15.00 22.30 0.69 0.67 0.73 2.30 4.58 3.36 5.57 2.07 4.46
Negros Oriental 2/ 44.73 44.57 28.53 12.47 12.13 14.62 5.58 5.41 4.17 35.55 53.91 35.68 53.46 21.67 35.39
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 0.81 0.18 0.09 25.09 49.16 58.34 0.20 0.09 0.05 0.47 1.14 0.03 0.32 0.00 0.18
Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 143.73 149.82 128.68 5.85 6.13 7.24 8.41 9.18 9.32 129.89 157.58 134.72 164.93 113.36 144.01
Biliran 1/, 2/ 2.61 3.80 1.58 12.32 11.83 16.82 0.32 0.45 0.27 2.08 3.14 3.06 4.54 1.14 2.02
Eastern Samar 24.88 23.95 26.17 9.09 10.25 12.55 2.26 2.46 3.28 21.16 28.60 19.91 27.99 20.77 31.57
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 62.38 76.91 42.09 11.60 10.74 13.41 7.23 8.26 5.64 50.48 74.28 63.33 90.49 32.81 51.37
City of Tacloban 2.68 2.96 2.02 14.18 14.93 16.30 0.38 0.44 0.33 2.06 3.31 2.23 3.68 1.48 2.57
Northern Samar 1/, c/ 17.59 10.01 17.28 11.34 11.45 22.67 2.00 1.15 3.92 14.31 20.87 8.13 11.90 10.84 23.73
Southern Leyte 2/, c/ 7.93 10.05 4.79 11.87 11.25 20.35 0.94 1.13 0.97 6.38 9.48 8.19 11.91 3.19 6.39
Samar 2/ 25.67 22.14 34.75 11.20 12.08 15.14 2.87 2.67 5.26 20.94 30.39 17.74 26.54 26.09 43.41
Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 132.31 131.96 106.54 5.72 5.38 6.78 7.57 7.10 7.22 119.86 144.77 120.28 143.64 94.66 118.42
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 53.30 78.64 41.72 9.44 7.22 12.85 5.03 5.68 5.36 45.02 61.57 69.30 87.98 32.90 50.54
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 2/ 37.93 29.72 44.74 12.12 12.08 9.56 4.60 3.59 4.28 30.37 45.49 23.81 35.63 37.71 51.77
City of Zamboanga 1/, b/, c/ 7.19 2.36 5.17 17.76 28.41 29.60 1.28 0.67 1.53 5.09 9.29 1.26 3.47 2.65 7.69
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 27.07 19.39 13.77 10.62 11.10 11.68 2.88 2.15 1.61 22.34 31.80 15.85 22.93 11.12 16.42
Isabela City 1/, b/, c/ 6.83 1.84 1.14 14.47 22.98 36.34 0.99 0.42 0.42 5.20 8.45 1.15 2.54 0.46 1.83
Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1/ 105.92 129.51 109.78 5.05 7.22 5.77 5.35 9.35 6.33 97.13 114.72 114.12 144.89 99.36 120.19
Bukidnon 2/ 39.31 54.27 35.53 10.03 14.08 12.28 3.94 7.64 4.36 32.82 45.80 41.70 66.85 28.35 42.71
Camiguin 2/, c/ 1.96 1.55 0.49 14.99 15.21 25.25 0.29 0.24 0.12 1.47 2.44 1.16 1.94 0.29 0.70
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 12.69 30.34 28.09 11.33 13.82 11.98 1.44 4.19 3.37 10.33 15.06 23.44 37.24 22.56 33.63
City of Iligan 6.42 4.85 5.57 19.46 15.27 17.77 1.25 0.74 0.99 4.36 8.47 3.63 6.06 3.94 7.20
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 18.97 9.39 15.14 10.88 15.66 10.73 2.06 1.47 1.62 15.57 22.36 6.97 11.81 12.47 17.82
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 19.92 22.68 18.42 10.05 12.12 12.05 2.00 2.75 2.22 16.62 23.21 18.15 27.20 14.77 22.08
City of Cagayan De Oro 6.67 6.42 6.52 15.48 16.54 16.46 1.03 1.06 1.07 4.97 8.37 4.68 8.17 4.76 8.29

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 55

Table 7a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families

Region/Province 90% Confidence Interval
Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 84.24 65.00 142.97 8.01 7.33 43.15 6.74 4.76 61.69 73.15 95.34 57.16 72.83 41.49 244.45
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 11.10 10.59 13.47 19.02 22.81 31.68 2.11 2.42 4.27 7.62 14.57 6.62 14.57 6.45 20.49
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 10.04 7.53 9.26 13.22 17.95 15.23 1.33 1.35 1.41 7.85 12.22 5.31 9.75 6.94 11.58
City of Davao a/, b/, c/ 14.06 8.69 81.73 37.91 24.02 75.18 5.33 2.09 61.45 5.29 22.83 5.25 12.12 0.00 182.81
Davao Oriental 2/ 16.53 12.86 26.26 11.06 14.61 9.79 1.83 1.88 2.57 13.52 19.53 9.77 15.95 22.03 30.48
Davao de Oro 2/ 19.07 13.58 5.03 11.82 15.29 19.90 2.25 2.08 1.00 15.36 22.78 10.16 16.99 3.38 6.68
Davao Occidental 2/, c/ 13.45 11.75 7.22 11.58 14.35 21.05 1.56 1.69 1.52 10.89 16.01 8.97 14.52 4.72 9.73

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 157.23 151.04 113.23 6.07 5.78 7.90 9.54 8.72 8.94 141.53 172.93 136.69 165.40 98.52 127.93
Cotabato 47.82 40.94 40.06 12.36 13.53 14.13 5.91 5.54 5.66 38.10 57.54 31.83 50.06 30.75 49.37
Sarangani 2/ 31.06 34.00 21.75 12.77 9.98 16.83 3.97 3.39 3.66 24.54 37.58 28.42 39.58 15.73 27.77
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 2/, a/ 22.16 29.09 16.64 21.00 15.73 17.64 4.65 4.57 2.93 14.51 29.81 21.57 36.62 11.81 21.46
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 1/, 2/, c/ 7.63 12.24 5.44 16.35 12.65 23.19 1.25 1.55 1.26 5.58 9.68 9.69 14.79 3.36 7.52
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 35.94 22.63 29.33 10.69 12.88 16.80 3.84 2.92 4.93 29.62 42.25 17.84 27.43 21.23 37.44

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 73.02 97.33 51.90 5.51 5.15 9.49 4.03 5.01 4.93 66.40 79.64 89.09 105.57 43.80 60.01
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 8.85 11.66 10.04 13.35 10.42 12.96 1.18 1.21 1.30 6.91 10.79 9.66 13.66 7.90 12.18
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 5.42 10.98 6.14 15.74 12.64 15.83 0.85 1.39 0.97 4.01 6.82 8.70 13.26 4.54 7.74
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 24.57 37.05 16.63 11.43 9.23 11.89 2.81 3.42 1.98 19.95 29.19 31.43 42.68 13.38 19.88
Surigao del Norte 2/ 16.18 16.64 4.12 10.95 13.02 19.82 1.77 2.17 0.82 13.26 19.10 13.08 20.21 2.78 5.46
Surigao del Sur c/ 12.42 17.02 11.34 12.77 13.00 36.12 1.59 2.21 4.09 9.81 15.03 13.38 20.65 4.60 18.07
Dinagat Islands 5.58 3.98 3.64 13.19 15.98 14.74 0.74 0.64 0.54 4.37 6.79 2.93 5.03 2.75 4.52

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 192.36 118.17 106.96 4.60 6.51 5.84 8.84 7.69 6.25 177.82 206.91 105.52 130.82 96.68 117.24
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 24.42 14.43 15.06 8.77 10.16 10.18 2.14 1.47 1.53 20.90 27.94 12.02 16.84 12.54 17.59
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 74.24 1.69 4.79 7.94 30.99 20.83 5.89 0.52 1.00 64.55 83.94 0.83 2.55 3.15 6.43
Maguindanao 1/ 45.51 30.66 37.56 10.38 12.46 10.37 4.73 3.82 3.90 37.74 53.29 24.38 36.95 31.15 43.97
Sulu 1/, 2/ 43.68 60.00 8.58 9.16 10.45 18.48 4.00 6.27 1.59 37.09 50.26 49.69 70.31 5.97 11.19
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 4.51 11.39 18.30 16.20 14.77 13.12 0.73 1.68 2.40 3.31 5.71 8.62 14.16 14.35 22.25
Cotabato City 12.63 12.14 11.54 12.45 11.83 12.78 1.57 1.44 1.47 10.04 15.21 9.77 14.50 9.12 13.97
Notes:
* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of subsistence poor families is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of subsistence poor families is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of subsistence poor families is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 56

p
Table 8. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023
p

2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/, 2/
PHILIPPINES 9,030.72 10,944.94 9,794.55 1.82 1.89 4.61 164.00 206.92 451.85 8,760.94 9,300.50 10,604.55 11,285.33 9,051.27 10,537.83

2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 271.41 262.57 125.32 8.38 8.88 14.35 22.74 23.31 17.98 234.00 308.82 224.23 300.91 95.75 154.89
1/, a/, b/, c/
1st District 43.21 4.48 22.93 22.90 78.01 39.29 9.89 3.49 9.01 26.93 59.48 0.0 10.22 8.11 37.75
2/, a/, b/, c/
2nd District 52.04 66.22 30.77 24.79 22.01 34.44 12.90 14.57 10.60 30.81 73.26 42.24 90.19 13.33 48.20
2/, c/
3rd District 103.37 77.15 24.67 13.16 14.35 32.15 13.61 11.07 7.93 80.98 125.75 58.93 95.36 11.62 37.73
4th District 1/, 2/ 72.80 114.73 46.94 11.31 12.21 17.41 8.23 14.00 8.17 59.25 86.34 91.69 137.77 33.50 60.38

2/
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 140.36 122.42 91.21 6.12 6.30 10.63 8.59 7.71 9.69 126.23 154.49 109.74 135.10 75.27 107.15
Abra 1/, c/ 45.33 29.19 31.89 9.51 11.10 22.26 4.31 3.24 7.10 38.24 52.43 23.86 34.53 20.21 43.57
1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/
Apayao 15.99 7.70 1.97 22.02 30.21 55.65 3.52 2.33 1.10 10.20 21.78 3.87 11.53 0.17 3.78
Benguet 28.88 39.87 30.33 16.47 11.99 18.49 4.76 4.78 5.61 21.06 36.71 32.01 47.73 21.11 39.56
2/, c/
Ifugao 14.99 14.72 6.95 18.99 17.51 22.26 2.85 2.58 1.55 10.31 19.67 10.48 18.96 4.41 9.50
b/, c/
Kalinga 13.17 10.93 6.46 16.10 20.19 24.44 2.12 2.21 1.58 9.68 16.66 7.30 14.55 3.86 9.06
Mt. Province 22.00 20.01 13.60 12.50 15.11 17.96 2.75 3.02 2.44 17.47 26.52 15.04 24.98 9.58 17.62

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 144.17 375.89 394.05 17.33 10.98 14.87 24.98 41.27 58.60 103.07 185.26 308.00 443.78 297.65 490.45
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/ 7.09 7.50 0.0 39.41 33.23 0.00 2.80 2.49 0.00 2.50 11.69 3.40 11.61 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 13.84 53.43 22.34 27.11 14.56 22.72 3.75 7.78 5.08 7.67 20.01 40.63 66.22 13.99 30.69
La Union 1/, a/ 8.41 32.31 43.97 38.00 16.45 18.98 3.20 5.31 8.34 3.15 13.67 23.57 41.05 30.24 57.69
1/, a/
Pangasinan 114.82 282.65 327.74 21.19 14.19 17.63 24.33 40.10 57.78 74.80 154.85 216.69 348.62 232.69 422.79

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 240.67 297.81 174.84 8.56 10.58 16.71 20.61 31.52 29.22 206.76 274.58 245.96 349.66 126.78 222.90
Batanes a/, b/, c/ 1.29 0.69 1.45 24.32 40.53 24.17 0.31 0.28 0.35 0.78 1.81 0.23 1.15 0.88 2.03
Cagayan c/ 81.97 71.59 41.89 13.82 16.15 52.20 11.33 11.56 21.86 63.33 100.61 52.57 90.61 5.92 77.85
Isabela 1/, 2/ 106.98 181.18 104.44 15.01 15.61 17.87 16.06 28.28 18.67 80.57 133.39 134.66 227.70 73.73 135.15
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 44.09 35.76 17.58 13.66 21.22 26.41 6.02 7.59 4.64 34.18 54.00 23.28 48.24 9.94 25.22
Quirino a/, c/ 6.33 8.58 9.48 24.25 18.14 24.48 1.54 1.56 2.32 3.81 8.86 6.02 11.14 5.66 13.30

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 386.93 745.29 562.88 8.61 8.62 10.55 33.31 64.24 59.41 332.14 441.72 639.61 850.97 465.15 660.60
Aurora 1/ 17.60 28.45 21.08 15.46 13.40 16.51 2.72 3.81 3.48 13.13 22.08 22.18 34.73 15.36 26.80
Bataan c/ 40.52 44.67 27.03 15.46 16.13 20.59 6.27 7.20 5.56 30.22 50.83 32.82 56.52 17.88 36.18
Bulacan 1/, a/, b/, c/ 81.26 249.68 238.45 26.63 20.49 20.67 21.64 51.16 49.29 45.66 116.87 165.53 333.84 157.37 319.53
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/, c/ 92.66 174.34 95.99 18.13 17.53 25.58 16.80 30.56 24.55 65.03 120.29 124.07 224.61 55.60 136.38
Pampanga 2/, a/, b/, c/ 29.56 62.37 27.48 37.24 22.55 30.65 11.01 14.06 8.42 11.45 47.66 39.24 85.50 13.63 41.33
Tarlac c/ 50.81 80.69 66.58 18.60 16.57 24.81 9.45 13.37 16.52 35.26 66.35 58.69 102.69 39.41 93.76
Zambales 1/ 74.52 105.09 86.27 13.53 10.97 12.14 10.08 11.53 10.47 57.94 91.10 86.12 124.06 69.04 103.50

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 57

p
Table 8. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023
p

2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 472.07 795.79 665.74 10.10 9.48 9.17 47.66 75.45 61.04 393.68 550.47 671.67 919.91 565.34 766.15
1/, b/, c/
Batangas 156.03 74.59 98.57 17.26 27.70 21.60 26.94 20.66 21.29 111.72 200.34 40.60 108.58 63.55 133.59
Cavite a/, b/ 102.79 195.10 183.91 24.31 22.75 18.17 24.99 44.39 33.41 61.68 143.90 122.08 268.13 128.94 238.88
1/, a/, b/
Laguna 63.10 150.61 136.12 28.00 23.45 19.92 17.67 35.32 27.12 34.03 92.16 92.52 208.71 91.51 180.73
1/, 2/, c/
Quezon 91.63 258.92 82.37 19.83 14.27 22.54 18.17 36.94 18.57 61.75 121.52 198.15 319.68 51.82 112.91
Rizal a/, b/ 58.52 116.57 164.77 28.53 22.44 19.90 16.69 26.15 32.80 31.06 85.97 73.54 159.59 110.82 218.72

1/
MIMAROPA REGION 220.26 341.00 327.69 8.89 7.07 12.25 19.57 24.12 40.13 188.06 252.45 301.32 380.68 261.67 393.70
Marinduque 2/, c/ 15.36 22.37 12.10 17.00 13.60 20.25 2.61 3.04 2.45 11.06 19.65 17.36 27.37 8.07 16.13
c/
Occidental Mindoro 57.76 77.61 71.60 17.32 12.88 25.44 10.00 10.00 18.22 41.30 74.21 61.16 94.06 41.63 101.57
Oriental Mindoro 54.98 83.13 90.25 18.31 16.87 19.99 10.07 14.02 18.04 38.42 71.55 60.06 106.20 60.57 119.92
1/, a/, c/
Palawan 57.00 109.21 119.08 21.73 14.31 25.50 12.38 15.62 30.37 36.63 77.37 83.51 134.91 69.13 169.03
Romblon 35.17 48.69 34.66 13.18 11.59 14.43 4.63 5.64 5.00 27.54 42.79 39.40 57.97 26.43 42.89

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 600.03 892.73 805.07 6.31 6.50 6.61 37.84 58.02 53.18 537.78 662.28 797.28 988.17 717.59 892.56
Albay 85.32 130.58 183.98 15.13 17.49 10.54 12.91 22.84 19.39 64.08 106.56 93.00 168.15 152.08 215.88
Camarines Norte 77.38 63.39 58.08 12.26 11.41 13.54 9.49 7.23 7.87 61.77 92.99 51.49 75.29 45.14 71.01
Camarines Sur 1/ 204.29 458.78 331.88 13.80 10.75 13.45 28.19 49.31 44.63 157.92 250.65 377.66 539.90 258.46 405.30
Catanduanes 2/ 25.50 20.58 37.34 13.25 14.26 11.83 3.38 2.93 4.42 19.94 31.06 15.75 25.40 30.07 44.60
Masbate 119.43 110.65 77.36 13.89 13.00 16.11 16.59 14.39 12.46 92.15 146.72 86.98 134.32 56.86 97.86
Sorsogon 88.11 108.76 116.44 11.03 11.07 12.85 9.72 12.03 14.96 72.13 104.09 88.96 128.55 91.84 141.05

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 534.27 780.12 815.78 10.18 8.07 10.32 54.41 62.95 84.17 444.77 623.78 676.58 883.67 677.32 954.23
Aklan 2/, c/ 35.69 56.35 6.89 19.04 14.68 29.36 6.80 8.27 2.02 24.51 46.87 42.74 69.96 3.56 10.22
Antique c/ 57.22 81.56 53.26 13.49 12.75 30.51 7.72 10.40 16.25 44.53 69.92 64.46 98.66 26.53 79.99
Capiz a/, b/ 11.62 20.03 39.43 28.92 31.93 19.56 3.36 6.40 7.71 6.09 17.15 9.51 30.56 26.74 52.12
Guimaras 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 7.59 16.43 4.11 24.20 23.12 28.77 1.84 3.80 1.18 4.57 10.61 10.19 22.68 2.16 6.05
Iloilo 1/ 139.17 269.43 204.82 16.76 15.17 12.30 23.33 40.87 25.20 100.79 177.55 202.19 336.67 163.36 246.28
Negros Occidental 282.98 336.32 507.27 16.93 13.49 15.42 47.91 45.39 78.23 204.16 361.79 261.66 410.97 378.58 635.96

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/, c/ 715.07 1,319.31 1,128.95 7.74 6.61 23.90 55.35 87.21 269.86 624.01 806.13 1,175.86 1,462.77 685.03 1,572.86
Bohol 1/, 2/ 137.63 217.70 147.90 13.63 10.62 15.05 18.76 23.12 22.25 106.77 168.49 179.67 255.74 111.29 184.50
Cebu 1/, c/ 341.28 869.88 812.61 11.89 9.12 32.97 40.58 79.32 267.92 274.53 408.03 739.40 1,000.36 371.89 1,253.34
Negros Oriental 231.58 230.73 167.91 14.08 12.09 13.94 32.62 27.90 23.41 177.93 285.24 184.83 276.62 129.40 206.43
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 4.58 1.00 0.52 30.27 50.20 58.73 1.38 0.50 0.31 2.30 6.85 0.17 1.83 0.02 1.03

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 58

p
Table 8. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023
p

2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 781.90 830.84 733.61 5.67 6.26 6.90 44.35 52.04 50.61 708.95 854.84 745.24 916.45 650.36 816.87
1/, 2/
Biliran 13.74 23.69 10.68 12.56 11.97 17.17 1.73 2.83 1.83 10.90 16.58 19.03 28.35 7.66 13.70
Eastern Samar 129.26 125.59 131.72 9.39 10.32 12.33 12.14 12.96 16.24 109.29 149.24 104.27 146.90 105.00 158.43
2/
Leyte 343.93 419.77 243.63 10.63 11.04 12.23 36.56 46.33 29.80 283.79 404.06 343.56 495.99 194.60 292.65
1/, c/
Northern Samar 105.75 71.28 117.56 11.60 12.75 21.52 12.26 9.09 25.29 85.57 125.92 56.33 86.23 75.95 159.16
Southern Leyte 2/ 44.88 62.43 34.95 12.41 11.81 19.94 5.57 7.37 6.97 35.71 54.04 50.30 74.56 23.49 46.42
2/
Samar 144.35 128.08 195.08 11.97 12.31 13.74 17.28 15.77 26.79 115.93 172.77 102.15 154.01 151.00 239.15

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 728.28 740.97 656.05 5.71 5.29 6.84 41.58 39.20 44.89 659.88 796.67 676.49 805.46 582.21 729.89
1/, 2/
Zamboanga del Norte 286.81 422.63 252.94 9.10 6.94 13.01 26.10 29.34 32.92 243.87 329.74 374.36 470.90 198.79 307.10
Zamboanga del Sur 2/ 246.79 193.23 309.04 10.69 11.38 9.27 26.39 21.99 28.65 203.39 290.20 157.05 229.40 261.91 356.18
Zamboanga Sibugay 149.43 114.24 85.38 11.53 11.94 11.75 17.23 13.64 10.03 121.08 177.78 91.80 136.67 68.88 101.87
1/, b/, c/
Isabela City 45.25 10.88 8.68 16.27 22.32 35.61 7.36 2.43 3.09 33.13 57.36 6.88 14.87 3.60 13.77

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1/ 620.65 762.06 692.15 5.22 6.86 6.21 32.40 52.28 43.00 567.35 673.95 676.05 848.06 621.42 762.89
Bukidnon 226.18 303.66 233.01 10.35 13.18 13.37 23.42 40.03 31.15 187.65 264.70 237.81 369.51 181.78 284.24
Camiguin 2/, c/ 10.34 9.44 3.52 15.15 14.86 25.89 1.57 1.40 0.91 7.76 12.92 7.13 11.75 2.02 5.02
Lanao del Norte 1/ 118.77 216.30 208.94 10.21 12.52 10.96 12.12 27.09 22.89 98.83 138.72 171.74 260.86 171.28 246.59
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 111.67 59.87 96.85 11.40 16.49 11.13 12.73 9.87 10.78 90.73 132.60 43.63 76.11 79.12 114.59
Misamis Oriental 153.70 172.79 149.84 8.97 9.99 10.30 13.79 17.26 15.43 131.02 176.37 144.40 201.17 124.46 175.21

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/, c/ 489.62 379.21 768.21 8.24 7.57 40.22 40.32 28.70 308.98 423.29 555.96 332.00 426.41 259.93 1,276.48
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 60.73 65.51 84.75 19.04 22.17 32.91 11.56 14.53 27.89 41.71 79.75 41.61 89.40 38.88 130.63
Davao del Sur a/, c/ 137.41 91.88 457.85 23.56 15.94 67.09 32.38 14.64 307.18 84.15 190.67 67.80 115.97 0.0 963.15
Davao Oriental 2/ 54.75 76.41 147.71 11.57 15.83 9.45 6.34 12.09 13.95 44.33 65.18 56.52 96.30 124.75 170.66
Davao de Oro 2/, c/ 103.47 78.80 31.63 12.10 16.13 20.98 12.52 12.71 6.64 82.88 124.06 57.89 99.72 20.72 42.55
Davao Occidental 1/, c/ 133.26 66.60 46.27 11.80 14.26 21.30 15.73 9.50 9.85 107.39 159.13 50.97 82.23 30.06 62.47

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 840.22 850.19 638.75 6.13 5.95 8.01 51.46 50.59 51.19 755.57 924.88 766.97 933.41 554.55 722.96
Cotabato 257.63 249.21 220.20 12.47 13.97 14.29 32.13 34.81 31.46 204.78 310.48 191.94 306.48 168.45 271.95
Sarangani 2/ 155.17 176.18 119.25 12.91 10.31 17.43 20.04 18.17 20.78 122.21 188.13 146.29 206.06 85.06 153.44
South Cotabato 2/ 160.14 212.70 116.46 15.79 11.82 13.70 25.29 25.14 15.95 118.54 201.74 171.36 254.05 90.22 142.69
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 192.34 131.00 182.85 11.39 13.26 16.81 21.91 17.38 30.73 156.30 228.38 102.41 159.58 132.29 233.40

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 59

p
Table 8. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023
p

2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 396.66 532.41 313.05 5.51 5.04 9.55 21.86 26.84 29.88 360.70 432.61 488.25 576.57 263.89 362.20
1/, 2/
Agusan del Norte 81.23 125.69 92.26 10.28 8.05 9.65 8.35 10.11 8.91 67.49 94.96 109.05 142.32 77.61 106.91
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 130.29 202.73 101.87 11.50 9.05 11.66 14.98 18.34 11.88 105.64 154.93 172.56 232.90 82.32 121.41
2/, c/
Surigao del Norte 90.23 85.55 25.72 10.48 13.03 20.82 9.46 11.15 5.36 74.67 105.79 67.21 103.89 16.91 34.54
c/
Surigao del Sur 69.47 95.72 73.55 12.88 12.48 34.24 8.95 11.95 25.18 54.75 84.20 76.07 115.38 32.12 114.97
Dinagat Islands 25.44 22.71 19.65 14.70 17.07 15.85 3.74 3.88 3.12 19.29 31.59 16.34 29.09 14.53 24.78

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 1,448.15 916.34 901.21 4.65 6.08 5.49 67.37 55.68 49.49 1,337.33 1,558.97 824.75 1,007.94 819.80 982.62
1/, 4/
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
1/
Basilan 171.78 117.82 130.13 9.03 10.53 10.32 15.51 12.41 13.42 146.26 197.29 97.41 138.23 108.05 152.21
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 536.64 16.50 48.39 8.30 33.90 20.65 44.54 5.59 9.99 463.37 609.91 7.30 25.70 31.96 64.83
1/, 2/
Maguindanao 373.54 248.15 345.13 9.77 12.09 10.05 36.48 30.01 34.70 313.53 433.54 198.78 297.52 288.04 402.21
1/, 2/
Sulu 333.63 444.84 83.83 9.28 9.65 18.28 30.96 42.94 15.32 282.71 384.55 374.19 515.48 58.63 109.03
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 32.57 89.04 142.85 15.46 14.64 12.92 5.03 13.04 18.46 24.29 40.85 67.59 110.48 112.49 173.21
Cotabato City 74.94 81.10 84.71 13.04 11.27 12.04 9.77 9.14 10.20 58.87 91.01 66.07 96.13 67.93 101.49
Notes:
* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of subsistence poor population is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of subsistence poor population is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of subsistence poor population is greater than 20%.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 60

Table 8a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/, 2/
PHILIPPINES 9,030.72 10,944.94 9,794.55 1.82 1.89 4.61 164.00 206.92 451.85 8,760.94 9,300.50 10,604.55 11,285.33 9,051.27 10,537.83

2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 271.41 262.57 125.32 8.38 8.88 14.35 22.74 23.31 17.98 234.00 308.82 224.23 300.91 95.75 154.89
1st District
City of Manila 1/, a/, b/, c/ 43.21 4.48 22.93 22.90 78.01 39.29 9.89 3.49 9.01 26.93 59.48 0.00 10.22 8.11 37.75
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong a/, b/, c/ 1.55 0.30 2.14 55.37 100.00 57.41 0.86 0.30 1.23 0.14 2.96 0.00 0.79 0.12 4.15
a/, b/, c/
City of Marikina 4.06 2.44 0.61 32.36 48.10 88.32 1.31 1.17 0.54 1.90 6.22 0.51 4.37 0.00 1.51
City of Pasig 1/, a/, b/, c 7.84 21.15 14.32 37.29 23.44 29.18 2.92 4.96 4.18 3.03 12.65 12.99 29.30 7.45 21.20
Quezon City a/, b/, c 37.79 42.33 13.70 32.95 32.25 70.43 12.45 13.65 9.65 17.31 58.28 19.88 64.79 0.00 29.56
City of San Juan a/, b/, c/ , d/ 0.79 0.00 0.00 74.38 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3rd District
2/, a/, c
City of Caloocan 64.36 54.15 20.44 20.02 19.45 38.17 12.89 10.53 7.80 43.16 85.55 36.82 71.48 7.61 33.27
2/, b/, c
City of Malabon 13.56 8.37 1.01 18.43 24.15 60.14 2.50 2.02 0.61 9.45 17.67 5.05 11.69 0.01 2.01
2/, b/, c
City of Navotas 9.23 7.88 1.26 15.61 24.15 43.95 1.44 1.90 0.56 6.86 11.60 4.75 11.01 0.35 2.18
City of Valenzuela 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c 16.22 6.75 1.96 20.24 29.42 60.31 3.28 1.99 1.18 10.82 21.62 3.48 10.01 0.02 3.90
4th District
2/, a/, b/, c
City of Las Piñas 7.72 12.04 2.96 27.10 29.00 48.45 2.09 3.49 1.43 4.28 11.16 6.30 17.78 0.60 5.32
a/, b/, c
City of Makati 3.88 7.16 6.30 53.07 44.07 55.21 2.06 3.16 3.48 0.49 7.26 1.97 12.36 0.58 12.02
City of Muntinlupa 2/, a/, b/, c 17.02 15.77 0.00 23.86 33.88 0.00 4.06 5.34 0.00 10.34 23.70 6.98 24.56 0.00 0.00
City of Parañaque a/, b/, c 15.09 19.02 6.71 28.51 27.11 63.56 4.30 5.16 4.27 8.02 22.17 10.54 27.50 0.00 13.73
Pasay City 2/, b/, c 15.77 17.80 1.21 18.29 24.27 94.86 2.88 4.32 1.15 11.02 20.51 10.70 24.91 0.00 3.10
a/, b/, c/
Pateros 1.51 1.77 0.97 40.09 40.14 39.14 0.60 0.71 0.38 0.51 2.50 0.60 2.94 0.35 1.60
1/, a/, b/
City of Taguig 11.82 41.16 28.79 33.32 24.25 19.94 3.94 9.98 5.74 5.34 18.29 24.74 57.58 19.34 38.23

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 2/ 140.36 122.42 91.21 6.12 6.30 10.63 8.59 7.71 9.69 126.23 154.49 109.74 135.10 75.27 107.15
Abra 1/, c 45.33 29.19 31.89 9.51 11.10 22.26 4.31 3.24 7.10 38.24 52.43 23.86 34.53 20.21 43.57
1/, 2/, a/, b/, c
Apayao 15.99 7.70 1.97 22.02 30.21 55.65 3.52 2.33 1.10 10.20 21.78 3.87 11.53 0.17 3.78
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 24.11 33.22 28.30 18.57 13.58 19.52 4.48 4.51 5.52 16.74 31.47 25.80 40.65 19.21 37.38
City of Baguio 2/, a/, b/, c/ 4.78 6.65 2.03 33.71 23.63 47.68 1.61 1.57 0.97 2.13 7.42 4.06 9.23 0.44 3.63
2/, c/
Ifugao 14.99 14.72 6.95 18.99 17.51 22.26 2.85 2.58 1.55 10.31 19.67 10.48 18.96 4.41 9.50
b/, c/
Kalinga 13.17 10.93 6.46 16.10 20.19 24.44 2.12 2.21 1.58 9.68 16.66 7.30 14.55 3.86 9.06
Mt. Province 22.00 20.01 13.60 12.50 15.11 17.96 2.75 3.02 2.44 17.47 26.52 15.04 24.98 9.58 17.62

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 144.17 375.89 394.05 17.33 10.98 14.87 24.98 41.27 58.60 103.07 185.26 308.00 443.78 297.65 490.45
Ilocos Norte 2/, a/, b/, c/ 7.09 7.50 0.00 39.41 33.23 0.00 2.80 2.49 0.00 2.50 11.69 3.40 11.61 0.00 0.00
1/, 2/, a/, c/
Ilocos Sur 13.84 53.43 22.34 27.11 14.56 22.72 3.75 7.78 5.08 7.67 20.01 40.63 66.22 13.99 30.69
1/, a/
La Union 8.41 32.31 43.97 38.00 16.45 18.98 3.20 5.31 8.34 3.15 13.67 23.57 41.05 30.24 57.69
Pangasinan 1/, a/ 114.82 282.65 327.74 21.19 14.19 17.63 24.33 40.10 57.78 74.80 154.85 216.69 348.62 232.69 422.79

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 61

Table 8a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

2/
Region II (Cagayan Valley) 240.67 297.81 174.84 8.56 10.58 16.71 20.61 31.52 29.22 206.76 274.58 245.96 349.66 126.78 222.90
Batanes a/, b/, c/ 1.29 0.69 1.45 24.32 40.53 24.17 0.31 0.28 0.35 0.78 1.81 0.23 1.15 0.88 2.03
c/
Cagayan 81.97 71.59 41.89 13.82 16.15 52.20 11.33 11.56 21.86 63.33 100.61 52.57 90.61 5.92 77.85
1/, 2/
Isabela 106.98 181.18 104.44 15.01 15.61 17.87 16.06 28.28 18.67 80.57 133.39 134.66 227.70 73.73 135.15
Nueva Vizcaya 2/, b/, c/ 44.09 35.76 17.58 13.66 21.22 26.41 6.02 7.59 4.64 34.18 54.00 23.28 48.24 9.94 25.22
Quirino a/, c/ 6.33 8.58 9.48 24.25 18.14 24.48 1.54 1.56 2.32 3.81 8.86 6.02 11.14 5.66 13.30

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 386.93 745.29 562.88 8.61 8.62 10.55 33.31 64.24 59.41 332.14 441.72 639.61 850.97 465.15 660.60
1/
Aurora 17.60 28.45 21.08 15.46 13.40 16.51 2.72 3.81 3.48 13.13 22.08 22.18 34.73 15.36 26.80
c/
Bataan 40.52 44.67 27.03 15.46 16.13 20.59 6.27 7.20 5.56 30.22 50.83 32.82 56.52 17.88 36.18
Bulacan 1/, a/, b/, c/ 81.26 249.68 238.45 26.63 20.49 20.67 21.64 51.16 49.29 45.66 116.87 165.53 333.84 157.37 319.53
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/, c/ 92.66 174.34 95.99 18.13 17.53 25.58 16.80 30.56 24.55 65.03 120.29 124.07 224.61 55.60 136.38
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) a/, b/, c/ 27.42 49.85 23.04 39.99 27.46 34.80 10.97 13.69 8.02 9.38 45.47 27.33 72.36 9.85 36.23
City of Angeles 1/, a/, b/, c/ 2.13 12.52 4.44 43.67 25.74 58.08 0.93 3.22 2.58 0.60 3.66 7.22 17.82 0.20 8.68
c/
Tarlac 50.81 80.69 66.58 18.60 16.57 24.81 9.45 13.37 16.52 35.26 66.35 58.69 102.69 39.41 93.76
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 65.04 89.32 73.81 15.20 12.57 13.70 9.89 11.23 10.11 48.78 81.31 70.84 107.79 57.18 90.44
City of Olongapo a/, c/ 9.48 15.77 12.45 20.67 16.62 22.05 1.96 2.62 2.75 6.25 12.70 11.46 20.08 7.94 16.97

1/
Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 472.07 795.79 665.74 10.10 9.48 9.17 47.66 75.45 61.04 393.68 550.47 671.67 919.91 565.34 766.15
1/, b/, c/
Batangas 156.03 74.59 98.57 17.26 27.70 21.60 26.94 20.66 21.29 111.72 200.34 40.60 108.58 63.55 133.59
Cavite a/, b/ 102.79 195.10 183.91 24.31 22.75 18.17 24.99 44.39 33.41 61.68 143.90 122.08 268.13 128.94 238.88
Laguna 1/, a/, b/ 63.10 150.61 136.12 28.00 23.45 19.92 17.67 35.32 27.12 34.03 92.16 92.52 208.71 91.51 180.73
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 82.42 249.89 73.34 21.80 14.75 25.01 17.96 36.86 18.34 52.87 111.98 189.25 310.53 43.17 103.51
a/, b/, c/
City of Lucena 9.21 9.03 9.03 29.51 25.77 32.01 2.72 2.33 2.89 4.74 13.68 5.20 12.86 4.27 13.78
a/, b/
Rizal 58.52 116.57 164.77 28.53 22.44 19.90 16.69 26.15 32.80 31.06 85.97 73.54 159.59 110.82 218.72

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 220.26 341.00 327.69 8.89 7.07 12.25 19.57 24.12 40.13 188.06 252.45 301.32 380.68 261.67 393.70
Marinduque 2/, c/ 15.36 22.37 12.10 17.00 13.60 20.25 2.61 3.04 2.45 11.06 19.65 17.36 27.37 8.07 16.13
Occidental Mindoro c/ 57.76 77.61 71.60 17.32 12.88 25.44 10.00 10.00 18.22 41.30 74.21 61.16 94.06 41.63 101.57
Oriental Mindoro 54.98 83.13 90.25 18.31 16.87 19.99 10.07 14.02 18.04 38.42 71.55 60.06 106.20 60.57 119.92
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1/, a/, c/ 53.85 102.47 115.80 22.88 15.13 26.20 12.32 15.50 30.34 33.58 74.11 76.97 127.97 65.88 165.71
a/, b/, c/
City of Puerto Princesa 3.15 6.74 3.28 39.31 28.72 35.78 1.24 1.93 1.18 1.11 5.19 3.55 9.92 1.35 5.22
Romblon 35.17 48.69 34.66 13.18 11.59 14.43 4.63 5.64 5.00 27.54 42.79 39.40 57.97 26.43 42.89

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/ 600.03 892.73 805.07 6.31 6.50 6.61 37.84 58.02 53.18 537.78 662.28 797.28 988.17 717.59 892.56
Albay 85.32 130.58 183.98 15.13 17.49 10.54 12.91 22.84 19.39 64.08 106.56 93.00 168.15 152.08 215.88
Camarines Norte 77.38 63.39 58.08 12.26 11.41 13.54 9.49 7.23 7.87 61.77 92.99 51.49 75.29 45.14 71.01
1/
Camarines Sur 204.29 458.78 331.88 13.80 10.75 13.45 28.19 49.31 44.63 157.92 250.65 377.66 539.90 258.46 405.30
Catanduanes 2/ 25.50 20.58 37.34 13.25 14.26 11.83 3.38 2.93 4.42 19.94 31.06 15.75 25.40 30.07 44.60
Masbate 119.43 110.65 77.36 13.89 13.00 16.11 16.59 14.39 12.46 92.15 146.72 86.98 134.32 56.86 97.86
Sorsogon 88.11 108.76 116.44 11.03 11.07 12.85 9.72 12.03 14.96 72.13 104.09 88.96 128.55 91.84 141.05

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 62

Table 8a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 534.27 780.12 815.78 10.18 8.07 10.32 54.41 62.95 84.17 444.77 623.78 676.58 883.67 677.32 954.23
2/, c/
Aklan 35.69 56.35 6.89 19.04 14.68 29.36 6.80 8.27 2.02 24.51 46.87 42.74 69.96 3.56 10.22
Antique 57.22 81.56 53.26 13.49 12.75 30.51 7.72 10.40 16.25 44.53 69.92 64.46 98.66 26.53 79.99
Capiz a/, b/ 11.62 20.03 39.43 28.92 31.93 19.56 3.36 6.40 7.71 6.09 17.15 9.51 30.56 26.74 52.12
Guimaras 1/, 2/, a/, b/, c/ 7.59 16.43 4.11 24.20 23.12 28.77 1.84 3.80 1.18 4.57 10.61 10.19 22.68 2.16 6.05
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 1/ 134.40 254.26 193.64 17.30 16.03 12.92 23.25 40.76 25.02 96.15 172.65 187.21 321.31 152.48 234.79
1/, a/, b/, c/
City of Iloilo 4.77 15.17 11.18 40.27 20.11 27.18 1.92 3.05 3.04 1.61 7.92 10.16 20.19 6.18 16.19
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 275.17 327.83 476.98 17.38 13.82 16.35 47.84 45.32 77.99 196.48 353.86 253.27 402.38 348.68 605.28
2/, a/, b/, c/
City of Bacolod 7.81 8.49 30.29 34.27 28.35 20.08 2.68 2.41 6.08 3.41 12.21 4.53 12.45 20.28 40.29
1/, c/
Region VII (Central Visayas) 715.07 1,319.31 1,128.95 7.74 6.61 23.90 55.35 87.21 269.86 624.01 806.13 1,175.86 1,462.77 685.03 1,572.86
Bohol 1/, 2/ 137.63 217.70 147.90 13.63 10.62 15.05 18.76 23.12 22.25 106.77 168.49 179.67 255.74 111.29 184.50
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/, c/ 259.96 731.94 732.32 14.94 10.64 36.56 38.84 77.85 267.70 196.08 323.84 603.88 860.00 291.95 1,172.69
City of Cebu 1/, 2/, a/, c/ 47.54 84.76 38.32 22.00 16.32 23.73 10.46 13.83 9.09 30.33 64.75 62.01 107.51 23.36 53.28
1/, a/
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 15.68 28.83 23.82 21.66 16.48 16.67 3.40 4.75 3.97 10.09 21.26 21.01 36.64 17.28 30.35
a/, c/
City of Mandaue 18.11 24.35 18.16 22.98 16.96 23.37 4.16 4.13 4.24 11.26 24.95 17.56 31.15 11.18 25.14
Negros Oriental 231.58 230.73 167.91 14.08 12.09 13.94 32.62 27.90 23.41 177.93 285.24 184.83 276.62 129.40 206.43
Siquijor 1/, a/, b/, c/ 4.58 1.00 0.52 30.27 50.20 58.73 1.38 0.50 0.31 2.30 6.85 0.17 1.83 0.02 1.03

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 781.90 830.84 733.61 5.67 6.26 6.90 44.35 52.04 50.61 708.95 854.84 745.24 916.45 650.36 816.87
1/, 2/
Biliran 13.74 23.69 10.68 12.56 11.97 17.17 1.73 2.83 1.83 10.90 16.58 19.03 28.35 7.66 13.70
Eastern Samar 129.26 125.59 131.72 9.39 10.32 12.33 12.14 12.96 16.24 109.29 149.24 104.27 146.90 105.00 158.43
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 326.83 399.79 228.01 11.16 11.56 13.02 36.46 46.23 29.70 266.85 386.80 323.74 475.83 179.16 276.86
City of Tacloban 17.10 19.99 15.62 15.44 15.60 16.00 2.64 3.12 2.50 12.76 21.44 14.86 25.12 11.51 19.73
Northern Samar 1/, c/ 105.75 71.28 117.56 11.60 12.75 21.52 12.26 9.09 25.29 85.57 125.92 56.33 86.23 75.95 159.16
2/
Southern Leyte 44.88 62.43 34.95 12.41 11.81 19.94 5.57 7.37 6.97 35.71 54.04 50.30 74.56 23.49 46.42
Samar 2/ 144.35 128.08 195.08 11.97 12.31 13.74 17.28 15.77 26.79 115.93 172.77 102.15 154.01 151.00 239.15
Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 728.28 740.97 656.05 5.71 5.29 6.84 41.58 39.20 44.89 659.88 796.67 676.49 805.46 582.21 729.89
1/, 2/
Zamboanga del Norte 286.81 422.63 252.94 9.10 6.94 13.01 26.10 29.34 32.92 243.87 329.74 374.36 470.90 198.79 307.10
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 2/ 199.93 176.13 271.92 12.51 12.19 9.80 25.02 21.47 26.66 158.78 241.08 140.81 211.46 228.06 315.77
City of Zamboanga 1/, b/, c/ 46.86 17.09 37.13 17.90 27.77 28.29 8.39 4.75 10.50 33.06 60.66 9.28 24.90 19.85 54.40
Zamboanga Sibugay 149.43 114.24 85.38 11.53 11.94 11.75 17.23 13.64 10.03 121.08 177.78 91.80 136.67 68.88 101.87
1/, b/, c/
Isabela City 45.25 10.88 8.68 16.27 22.32 35.61 7.36 2.43 3.09 33.13 57.36 6.88 14.87 3.60 13.77

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 1/ 620.65 762.06 692.15 5.22 6.86 6.21 32.40 52.28 43.00 567.35 673.95 676.05 848.06 621.42 762.89
Bukidnon 226.18 303.66 233.01 10.35 13.18 13.37 23.42 40.03 31.15 187.65 264.70 237.81 369.51 181.78 284.24
Camiguin 2/, c/ 10.34 9.44 3.52 15.15 14.86 25.89 1.57 1.40 0.91 7.76 12.92 7.13 11.75 2.02 5.02
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 84.21 187.73 177.45 11.77 14.23 12.51 9.91 26.71 22.21 67.90 100.51 143.79 231.68 140.92 213.98
City of Iligan a/ 34.57 28.57 31.49 20.18 15.70 17.64 6.98 4.49 5.56 23.09 46.04 21.19 35.95 22.35 40.63
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 111.67 59.87 96.85 11.40 16.49 11.13 12.73 9.87 10.78 90.73 132.60 43.63 76.11 79.12 114.59
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 112.64 131.83 109.94 10.64 12.00 12.33 11.99 15.82 13.55 92.92 132.37 105.81 157.84 87.65 132.24
City of Cagayan De Oro 41.05 40.96 39.89 16.57 16.84 18.48 6.80 6.90 7.37 29.86 52.25 29.61 52.30 27.77 52.02

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 63

Table 8a. First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Population

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate ('000)* Coefficient of Variation Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/, c/
Region XI (Davao Region) 489.62 379.21 768.21 8.24 7.57 40.22 40.32 28.70 308.98 423.29 555.96 332.00 426.41 259.93 1,276.48
Davao del Norte b/, c/ 60.73 65.51 84.75 19.04 22.17 32.91 11.56 14.53 27.89 41.71 79.75 41.61 89.40 38.88 130.63
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 54.90 40.30 47.45 14.10 17.86 15.69 7.74 7.20 7.45 42.16 67.63 28.46 52.14 35.20 59.69
a/, b/, c/
City of Davao 82.52 51.58 410.40 38.10 24.72 74.83 31.44 12.75 307.09 30.80 134.23 30.61 72.56 0.00 915.55
Davao Oriental 2/ 54.75 76.41 147.71 11.57 15.83 9.45 6.34 12.09 13.95 44.33 65.18 56.52 96.30 124.75 170.66
2/, c/
Davao de Oro 103.47 78.80 31.63 12.10 16.13 20.98 12.52 12.71 6.64 82.88 124.06 57.89 99.72 20.72 42.55
Davao Occidental 1/, c/ 133.26 66.60 46.27 11.80 14.26 21.30 15.73 9.50 9.85 107.39 159.13 50.97 82.23 30.06 62.47

3/
Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 840.22 850.19 638.75 6.13 5.95 8.01 51.46 50.59 51.19 755.57 924.88 766.97 933.41 554.55 722.96
Cotabato 257.63 249.21 220.20 12.47 13.97 14.29 32.13 34.81 31.46 204.78 310.48 191.94 306.48 168.45 271.95
2/
Sarangani 155.17 176.18 119.25 12.91 10.31 17.43 20.04 18.17 20.78 122.21 188.13 146.29 206.06 85.06 153.44
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 2/, a/ 117.49 146.62 85.66 20.45 15.78 16.93 24.03 23.14 14.50 77.97 157.02 108.57 184.68 61.80 109.51
2/, c/
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 42.65 66.08 30.80 18.50 14.87 21.56 7.89 9.82 6.64 29.67 55.63 49.92 82.24 19.88 41.72
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 192.34 131.00 182.85 11.39 13.26 16.81 21.91 17.38 30.73 156.30 228.38 102.41 159.58 132.29 233.40

1/, 2/
Region XIII (Caraga) 396.66 532.41 313.05 5.51 5.04 9.55 21.86 26.84 29.88 360.70 432.61 488.25 576.57 263.89 362.20
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 1/ 47.46 66.59 55.56 13.69 10.35 12.20 6.50 6.89 6.78 36.77 58.16 55.25 77.93 44.41 66.72
1/, 2/
City of Butuan 33.76 59.10 36.69 15.52 12.52 15.73 5.24 7.40 5.77 25.14 42.38 46.93 71.27 27.20 46.19
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 130.29 202.73 101.87 11.50 9.05 11.66 14.98 18.34 11.88 105.64 154.93 172.56 232.90 82.32 121.41
Surigao del Norte 2/, c/ 90.23 85.55 25.72 10.48 13.03 20.82 9.46 11.15 5.36 74.67 105.79 67.21 103.89 16.91 34.54
Surigao del Sur c/ 69.47 95.72 73.55 12.88 12.48 34.24 8.95 11.95 25.18 54.75 84.20 76.07 115.38 32.12 114.97
Dinagat Islands 25.44 22.71 19.65 14.70 17.07 15.85 3.74 3.88 3.12 19.29 31.59 16.34 29.09 14.53 24.78

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 1,448.15 916.34 901.21 4.65 6.08 5.49 67.37 55.68 49.49 1,337.33 1,558.97 824.75 1,007.94 819.80 982.62
1/, 4/
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
Basilan 1/ 171.78 117.82 130.13 9.03 10.53 10.32 15.51 12.41 13.42 146.26 197.29 97.41 138.23 108.05 152.21
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/, b/, c/ 536.64 16.50 48.39 8.30 33.90 20.65 44.54 5.59 9.99 463.37 609.91 7.30 25.70 31.96 64.83
1/, 2/
Maguindanao 373.54 248.15 345.13 9.77 12.09 10.05 36.48 30.01 34.70 313.53 433.54 198.78 297.52 288.04 402.21
Sulu 1/, 2/ 333.63 444.84 83.83 9.28 9.65 18.28 30.96 42.94 15.32 282.71 384.55 374.19 515.48 58.63 109.03
1/, 2/
Tawi-tawi 32.57 89.04 142.85 15.46 14.64 12.92 5.03 13.04 18.46 24.29 40.85 67.59 110.48 112.49 173.21
Cotabato City 74.94 81.10 84.71 13.04 11.27 12.04 9.77 9.14 10.20 58.87 91.01 66.07 96.13 67.93 101.49
Notes:
* Details may not add up to total due to rounding off
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the magnitude of subsistence poor population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 magnitude of subsistence poor population is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 magnitude of subsistence poor population is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 magnitude of subsistence poor population is greater than 20%.
d/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 64

Table 9. Distribution of the Coefficients of Variation (CVs) of the First Semester Poverty Incidence Among Families: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

Range of CV Coefficient of Variation

(based on the computed CV for the Province
2023 Full Year Poverty Incidence Among Families)
2018 2021 2023p

PHILIPPINES 1.1 1.2 2.2

> 0 but <=10 1 Maguindanao 6.6 7.8 4.7
2 Basilan 3.4 5.8 5.2
3 Zamboanga del Sur 5.8 7.2 5.4
4 Davao Oriental 6.6 8.8 5.9
5 Lanao del Norte 6.0 6.4 6.0
6 Misamis Oriental 5.1 6.1 6.2
7 Albay 8.0 9.0 6.2
8 Romblon 7.4 5.6 6.3
9 Agusan del Norte 5.7 4.7 6.3
10 Misamis Occidental 6.3 8.2 6.5
11 Eastern Samar 5.0 6.5 6.6
12 Tawi-tawi 8.9 8.5 6.6
13 Camarines Norte 6.9 8.0 6.7
14 Zambales 7.7 5.9 6.8
15 Zamboanga Sibugay 7.1 6.4 6.9
16 Cotabato City 5.8 5.5 7.0
17 Catanduanes 8.2 8.2 7.1
18 Sorsogon 6.7 7.1 7.2
19 Bukidnon 6.2 7.7 7.2
20 Zamboanga del Norte 5.9 4.7 7.2
21 Agusan del Sur 6.7 5.6 7.3
22 Dinagat Islands 6.8 7.6 7.4
23 Negros Occidental 8.5 7.7 7.5
24 Bohol 8.3 7.2 7.5
25 Samar 6.6 6.6 7.7
26 Leyte 6.6 7.0 7.7
27 Camarines Sur 8.8 7.3 8.2
28 Iloilo 7.4 7.9 8.2
29 Lanao del Sur 3.2 12.0 8.3
30 Sultan Kudarat 7.1 9.3 8.3
31 4th District of NCR 6.5 6.8 8.6
32 Biliran 7.9 7.8 8.6
33 Sarangani 7.4 5.9 9.1
34 South Cotabato 8.1 7.2 9.1
35 Davao de Oro 6.7 8.2 9.2
36 Northern Samar 6.6 6.9 9.2
37 Marinduque 9.2 8.4 9.2
38 Sulu 3.3 4.2 9.4
39 Cotabato 8.3 8.4 9.6
40 Oriental Mindoro 10.6 10.8 9.6
41 Aurora 9.9 8.5 9.7
42 Negros Oriental 8.3 7.8 9.8
43 Davao Occidental 6.5 8.4 9.8
44 Southern Leyte 7.2 6.3 9.9
45 3rd District of NCR 6.5 7.1 9.9

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 65

Table 9. Distribution of the Coefficients of Variation (CVs) of the First Semester Poverty Incidence Among Families: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

Range of CV Coefficient of Variation

(based on the computed CV for the Province
2023 Full Year Poverty Incidence Among Families)
2018 2021 2023p
> 10 but <=20 1 Palawan 10.0 8.7 10.0
2 Quezon 12.8 8.6 10.0
3 Masbate 7.0 7.0 10.1
4 Cavite 12.8 10.7 10.1
5 Abra 6.2 8.8 10.1
6 Isabela 9.2 8.8 10.2
7 Capiz 13.3 12.4 10.4
8 Surigao del Norte 6.7 7.8 10.4
9 Ifugao 11.4 13.6 10.5
10 Rizal 15.4 14.4 10.6
11 Pangasinan 10.5 7.7 10.7
12 Nueva Vizcaya 9.9 12.6 10.8
13 Ilocos Sur 11.1 8.2 11.0
14 Bataan 9.8 8.4 11.1
15 La Union 18.7 10.9 11.3
16 Benguet 10.5 8.1 11.5
17 Nueva Ecija 10.1 10.7 11.6
18 Batangas 9.6 14.1 11.8
19 Camiguin 8.6 7.6 11.8
20 Mt. Province 8.1 9.6 12.0
21 Laguna 16.8 13.4 12.1
22 Bulacan 14.9 8.9 12.4
23 Aklan 10.2 8.5 12.7
24 Quirino 11.2 10.4 12.8
25 Occidental Mindoro 9.7 8.6 12.9
26 Tarlac 9.1 8.7 12.9
27 2nd District of NCR 12.6 10.1 13.5
28 Pampanga 20.4 11.2 13.7
29 Davao del Norte 10.3 10.4 13.8
30 Surigao del Sur 7.4 7.4 15.1
31 Cebu 5.9 5.9 15.2
32 Isabela City 6.1 10.8 15.3
33 Guimaras 11.5 10.6 15.4
34 Kalinga 10.2 12.1 16.0
35 Antique 9.6 9.0 18.0
> 20 1 Batanes 11.6 20.9 20.5
2 1st District of NCR 19.0 20.9 21.9
3 Siquijor 15.8 24.8 22.0
4 Apayao 12.6 18.4 25.2
5 Cagayan 8.9 11.6 29.5
6 Davao del Sur 10.2 9.6 33.1
7 Ilocos Norte 16.5 17.7 37.8
Notes:
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 66

Table 10. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Income Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

2/
PHILIPPINES 27.0 27.0 25.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 26.7 27.3 26.7 27.3 24.7 26.5

1/, 2/
National Capital Region (NCR) 27.0 20.0 17.4 0.9 0.6 1.0 25.5 28.5 19.0 21.1 15.9 19.0
1st District 1/, 2/ 30.3 11.5 22.0 2.3 2.0 4.5 26.6 34.0 8.2 14.8 14.5 29.4
2nd District 1/ 24.7 18.2 15.8 2.3 1.4 1.3 20.9 28.4 15.9 20.6 13.6 18.0
3rd District 1/, 2/ 27.6 19.7 14.9 1.3 1.0 1.4 25.4 29.7 18.0 21.3 12.6 17.2
4th District 1/, 2/ 26.3 22.8 19.0 1.5 0.9 1.2 23.8 28.8 21.3 24.3 17.1 20.9

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 29.3 26.8 23.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 28.3 30.4 25.7 27.9 21.6 24.9
Abra 1/ 33.8 26.3 27.9 1.2 1.3 2.6 31.9 35.8 24.2 28.5 23.6 32.2
Apayao 1/ 33.0 24.5 18.4 2.2 2.1 3.0 29.3 36.7 21.1 27.9 13.5 23.4
Benguet 2/ 27.8 28.7 22.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 25.1 30.6 26.1 31.3 20.2 25.0
Ifugao 2/ 23.8 26.6 17.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 21.6 26.0 24.0 29.1 15.3 19.6
Kalinga 23.9 22.3 20.0 1.5 1.3 1.5 21.4 26.4 20.2 24.5 17.5 22.5
Mt. Province 2/ 28.3 27.6 23.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 26.5 30.2 25.3 29.9 21.3 25.7

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 19.5 23.4 26.4 0.9 0.9 1.3 18.0 21.0 21.9 24.9 24.3 28.5
Ilocos Norte 17.4 17.3 12.0 2.9 1.1 3.3 12.6 22.2 15.5 19.0 6.5 17.5
Ilocos Sur 1/ 17.8 24.1 21.1 1.4 1.0 1.6 15.6 20.0 22.5 25.8 18.5 23.7
La Union 2/ 18.3 20.0 23.4 1.8 1.0 1.4 15.3 21.3 18.3 21.7 21.1 25.7
Pangasinan 1/ 20.1 24.2 27.6 1.2 1.3 1.6 18.1 22.1 22.1 26.3 25.0 30.2

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 24.4 26.0 21.0 0.8 0.9 1.1 23.2 25.6 24.6 27.4 19.2 22.7
Batanes 2/ 29.1 26.4 42.4 3.8 3.1 4.3 22.9 35.4 21.3 31.5 35.3 49.5
Cagayan 25.6 22.8 21.2 1.3 1.1 3.0 23.5 27.7 21.1 24.5 16.4 26.1
Isabela 1/, 2/ 23.3 27.2 21.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 21.3 25.3 25.1 29.2 19.0 23.4
Nueva Vizcaya 2/ 26.4 28.4 18.9 1.3 2.1 1.3 24.3 28.5 24.9 31.9 16.8 21.0
Quirino 18.8 22.0 21.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 16.4 21.3 19.8 24.3 18.6 23.6

Region III (Central Luzon) 23.8 23.4 21.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 22.6 25.0 22.4 24.3 20.2 23.4
Aurora 25.1 25.9 25.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 23.1 27.1 24.1 27.7 22.9 27.6
Bataan 26.9 23.5 20.0 1.8 1.3 1.4 24.0 29.8 21.3 25.7 17.6 22.3
Bulacan 23.2 24.6 22.9 2.6 1.2 2.1 18.9 27.4 22.7 26.6 19.5 26.3
Nueva Ecija 2/ 22.7 23.2 18.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 20.4 25.1 20.7 25.8 16.7 20.9
Pampanga 20.3 17.2 14.4 1.9 1.3 1.3 17.2 23.4 15.2 19.3 12.3 16.5
Tarlac 22.8 23.0 25.7 1.7 1.2 2.8 19.9 25.6 21.1 25.0 21.0 30.3
Zambales 27.2 25.0 24.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 25.2 29.2 23.2 26.8 23.1 26.6

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 67

Table 10. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Income Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 23.6 22.6 21.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 22.0 25.2 21.4 23.8 19.9 22.1
Batangas 22.9 19.2 20.9 1.3 1.6 1.5 20.7 25.0 16.6 21.8 18.4 23.4
Cavite 24.4 20.7 19.4 2.2 1.4 1.2 20.8 28.0 18.4 23.0 17.5 21.3
Laguna 25.0 23.1 23.2 4.1 1.9 1.4 18.3 31.7 20.0 26.2 21.0 25.4
Quezon 2/ 22.2 25.5 18.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 20.0 24.4 23.5 27.4 15.6 20.5
Rizal 25.1 23.3 23.4 2.9 1.7 1.7 20.4 29.9 20.4 26.1 20.6 26.3

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 24.3 26.4 25.3 0.8 0.7 1.1 23.0 25.6 25.3 27.5 23.5 27.2
Marinduque 2/ 23.2 23.7 18.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 21.1 25.2 21.9 25.5 17.0 20.7
Occidental Mindoro 25.7 28.8 28.6 1.7 1.1 2.7 23.0 28.4 27.1 30.6 24.2 33.1
Oriental Mindoro 25.5 26.7 26.3 1.7 1.8 2.3 22.7 28.4 23.7 29.7 22.5 30.0
Palawan 22.6 26.0 25.6 1.8 1.3 2.1 19.7 25.6 23.9 28.1 22.2 29.0
Romblon 2/ 24.0 24.6 21.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 22.3 25.8 23.0 26.2 20.1 23.1

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 24.2 27.7 24.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 23.3 25.0 26.5 28.8 23.9 25.5
Albay 1/ 21.7 25.2 25.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 20.0 23.5 23.2 27.2 23.5 26.5
Camarines Norte 25.6 24.2 22.5 1.2 1.0 1.3 23.6 27.6 22.5 25.8 20.4 24.6
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 25.4 32.3 27.0 1.2 1.3 0.9 23.5 27.4 30.2 34.5 25.5 28.6
Catanduanes 26.7 23.6 25.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 24.5 28.9 21.6 25.5 24.1 27.3
Masbate 23.9 23.3 20.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 22.3 25.5 21.6 25.1 18.9 22.8
Sorsogon 22.9 23.6 22.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 21.3 24.6 22.0 25.1 21.5 24.3

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 23.0 25.3 25.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 21.7 24.3 24.2 26.4 23.9 26.7
Aklan 2/ 21.1 24.8 15.1 1.6 1.0 1.8 18.5 23.8 23.0 26.5 12.2 18.1
Antique 25.7 29.1 26.1 1.2 1.3 3.2 23.6 27.7 27.0 31.1 20.9 31.3
Capiz 18.0 16.4 19.6 1.8 1.7 1.2 15.1 20.9 13.7 19.2 17.6 21.5
Guimaras 2/ 19.7 22.7 16.4 1.6 1.8 1.4 17.2 22.3 19.6 25.7 14.1 18.8
Iloilo 1/ 20.7 26.5 23.6 1.1 1.5 0.9 18.9 22.6 24.1 29.0 22.1 25.1
Negros Occidental 24.8 25.1 27.5 1.4 0.9 1.3 22.4 27.1 23.5 26.6 25.4 29.6

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 26.6 30.9 28.4 0.8 0.6 1.7 25.4 27.8 29.9 32.0 25.6 31.2
Bohol 2/ 27.4 29.9 25.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 25.5 29.4 27.8 32.0 23.2 27.6
Cebu 1/ 24.2 31.1 29.6 1.1 0.8 2.1 22.4 26.0 29.7 32.5 26.1 33.1
Negros Oriental 2/ 31.1 31.3 26.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 28.8 33.4 29.1 33.6 24.5 28.0
Siquijor 21.2 17.0 11.1 1.8 3.0 1.8 18.3 24.1 12.1 22.0 8.1 14.0

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 68

Table 10. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Income Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 29.7 29.7 28.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 28.6 30.8 28.6 30.8 27.1 29.4
Biliran 1/, 2/ 22.8 26.4 21.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 21.0 24.7 24.6 28.2 18.9 23.4
Eastern Samar 31.2 30.2 34.1 1.0 0.9 1.9 29.5 32.8 28.8 31.6 31.1 37.1
Leyte 2/ 30.4 32.4 25.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 28.3 32.4 30.5 34.2 23.9 26.9
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 28.0 23.0 28.3 1.1 1.0 1.9 26.3 29.8 21.4 24.6 25.2 31.4
2/
Southern Leyte 26.0 26.9 22.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 23.8 28.1 25.1 28.8 20.2 24.6
Samar 2/ 30.3 27.2 31.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 27.8 32.8 25.3 29.2 28.7 34.0

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 30.4 32.0 27.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 29.3 31.5 30.7 33.3 25.9 28.2
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 31.5 37.6 27.4 1.2 1.3 1.0 29.5 33.4 35.4 39.8 25.8 29.1
Zamboanga del Sur 28.0 27.0 29.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 26.1 29.8 24.9 29.1 26.9 31.0
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 32.1 26.5 22.0 1.2 0.9 0.8 30.2 34.0 25.1 28.0 20.7 23.2
Isabela City 1/ 34.9 24.4 20.0 1.8 1.6 2.0 31.9 37.9 21.8 27.0 16.8 23.3

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 26.5 27.9 25.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 25.7 27.3 26.7 29.1 24.4 26.1
Bukidnon 1/, 2/ 26.0 31.0 25.5 0.8 1.4 1.0 24.6 27.4 28.7 33.3 23.9 27.1
Camiguin 2/ 25.0 26.1 19.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 22.8 27.2 23.2 29.0 17.1 21.9
Lanao del Norte 1/ 25.0 30.0 28.2 0.9 1.4 1.1 23.5 26.5 27.8 32.3 26.4 30.0
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 28.8 21.3 24.3 1.4 0.9 0.9 26.6 31.0 19.8 22.7 22.8 25.7
Misamis Oriental 1/ 26.9 24.4 22.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 25.4 28.4 23.3 25.6 21.4 23.9

Region XI (Davao Region) 25.1 24.4 32.8 0.7 0.7 5.5 23.9 26.3 23.3 25.4 23.8 41.9
Davao del Norte 22.5 22.5 25.4 1.7 1.9 3.4 19.7 25.2 19.4 25.6 19.8 31.0
Davao del Sur 2/ 24.3 22.6 40.3 2.1 1.2 7.4 20.9 27.7 20.6 24.7 28.1 52.4
Davao Oriental 2/ 25.3 24.6 28.6 0.9 1.3 0.9 23.7 26.8 22.4 26.7 27.1 30.1
Davao de Oro 2/ 26.4 24.6 18.0 0.9 1.4 1.1 24.9 27.8 22.3 26.8 16.2 19.7
Davao Occidental 2/ 27.9 29.9 24.2 1.3 1.8 1.9 25.7 30.1 26.9 32.9 21.2 27.3

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 1/, 3/ 32.2 30.2 29.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 31.0 33.5 29.2 31.2 27.6 30.3
Cotabato 1/ 32.5 27.2 30.6 1.3 1.1 1.5 30.4 34.7 25.3 29.0 28.1 33.1
Sarangani 2/ 35.2 35.8 31.0 1.8 1.3 1.9 32.3 38.1 33.6 37.9 27.8 34.1
South Cotabato 2/ 28.6 32.1 24.7 2.2 1.4 1.1 25.0 32.1 29.8 34.4 22.9 26.6
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 33.9 27.5 29.4 1.3 1.1 1.7 31.8 36.1 25.7 29.2 26.6 32.2

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 69

Table 10. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Income Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 26.8 29.9 25.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 26.0 27.6 29.0 30.8 24.2 26.1
Agusan del Norte 1/ 25.1 28.8 27.3 0.8 0.8 1.0 23.8 26.5 27.5 30.1 25.7 28.8
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 27.4 31.2 25.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 25.8 29.1 29.6 32.8 23.6 26.9
Surigao del Norte 1/, 2/ 28.2 32.2 20.0 1.0 1.7 1.1 26.7 29.8 29.4 35.1 18.2 21.9
Surigao del Sur 25.4 27.3 24.6 1.1 1.2 1.9 23.7 27.2 25.4 29.2 21.5 27.6
Dinagat Islands 28.9 28.1 27.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 26.4 31.4 25.4 30.9 24.5 30.1

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 33.0 28.9 25.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 32.1 33.9 27.6 30.1 24.3 26.1
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 35.3 29.5 28.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 33.8 36.8 27.6 31.5 26.8 30.3
Lanao del Sur 1/ 36.9 14.1 15.2 1.1 1.2 0.8 35.1 38.8 12.2 16.1 13.8 16.5
Maguindanao 1/ 31.3 26.1 25.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 29.4 33.2 24.2 28.0 24.4 27.3
Sulu 1/, 2/ 29.6 33.9 19.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 28.0 31.1 31.4 36.4 17.9 21.0
Tawi-tawi 2/ 27.3 26.6 30.7 2.3 0.9 1.3 23.6 31.0 25.1 28.1 28.5 32.9
Cotabato City 31.2 28.8 28.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 29.0 33.4 26.8 30.8 26.3 30.1
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the income gap between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the income gap between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 70

Table 10a. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p
First Semester Income Gap
90% Confidence Interval
Estimate Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 2/ 27.0 27.0 25.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 26.7 27.3 26.7 27.3 24.7 26.5

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 27.0 20.0 17.4 0.9 0.6 1.0 25.5 28.5 19.0 21.1 15.9 19.0
1st District
City of Manila 1/, 2/ 30.3 11.5 22.0 2.3 2.0 4.5 26.6 34.0 8.2 14.8 14.5 29.4
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong 1/ 20.7 10.6 19.6 2.7 2.4 5.9 16.3 25.1 6.7 14.6 9.9 29.2
City of Marikina 19.9 16.0 14.1 2.6 2.1 2.0 15.6 24.2 12.5 19.5 10.8 17.5
City of Pasig 24.3 24.6 22.2 3.6 2.9 1.8 18.3 30.2 19.8 29.5 19.2 25.3
Quezon City 1/ 25.8 16.5 12.6 3.3 1.8 2.1 20.4 31.2 13.5 19.4 9.2 16.0
City of San Juan a/ 23.5 22.0 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 14.8 32.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3rd District
City of Caloocan 1/ 30.0 20.8 17.8 2.1 1.4 2.3 26.5 33.4 18.4 23.1 13.9 21.6
1/, 2/
City of Malabon 25.3 19.3 10.9 2.3 1.8 1.0 21.5 29.1 16.3 22.3 9.2 12.6
City of Navotas 1/, 2/ 23.4 18.4 12.9 1.8 1.2 1.1 20.4 26.3 16.5 20.4 11.2 14.7
1/, 2/
City of Valenzuela 25.7 16.0 10.8 2.2 1.3 1.1 22.1 29.2 13.8 18.2 9.0 12.7
4th District
City of Las Piñas 22.2 18.9 14.5 2.3 1.8 2.3 18.4 26.1 15.9 21.9 10.7 18.4
City of Makati 25.7 18.1 17.1 8.4 3.7 2.0 11.9 39.4 12.0 24.2 13.7 20.4
City of Muntinlupa 2/ 24.2 22.0 7.3 1.7 2.4 2.1 21.4 27.0 18.1 26.0 3.8 10.7
City of Parañaque 27.8 23.6 17.7 2.8 2.4 3.1 23.2 32.4 19.6 27.6 12.6 22.7
Pasay City 2/ 31.0 26.2 14.0 2.6 2.6 2.9 26.7 35.3 22.0 30.4 9.1 18.8
Pateros 29.8 21.9 19.9 4.7 2.8 3.4 22.2 37.5 17.4 26.5 14.3 25.5
City of Taguig 25.7 24.0 21.8 5.7 1.5 1.8 16.3 35.1 21.5 26.5 18.8 24.8

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 29.3 26.8 23.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 28.3 30.4 25.7 27.9 21.6 24.9
Abra 1/ 33.8 26.3 27.9 1.2 1.3 2.6 31.9 35.8 24.2 28.5 23.6 32.2
Apayao 1/ 33.0 24.5 18.4 2.2 2.1 3.0 29.3 36.7 21.1 27.9 13.5 23.4
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 28.3 29.2 24.5 1.8 1.9 1.6 25.4 31.3 26.1 32.3 21.8 27.2
City of Baguio 2/ 25.7 26.8 13.7 4.5 2.1 1.7 18.4 33.1 23.3 30.3 11.0 16.4
2/
Ifugao 23.8 26.6 17.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 21.6 26.0 24.0 29.1 15.3 19.6
Kalinga 23.9 22.3 20.0 1.5 1.3 1.5 21.4 26.4 20.2 24.5 17.5 22.5
Mt. Province 2/ 28.3 27.6 23.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 26.5 30.2 25.3 29.9 21.3 25.7

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 19.5 23.4 26.4 0.9 0.9 1.3 18.0 21.0 21.9 24.9 24.3 28.5
Ilocos Norte 17.4 17.3 12.0 2.9 1.1 3.3 12.6 22.2 15.5 19.0 6.5 17.5
Ilocos Sur 1/ 17.8 24.1 21.1 1.4 1.0 1.6 15.6 20.0 22.5 25.8 18.5 23.7
La Union 2/ 18.3 20.0 23.4 1.8 1.0 1.4 15.3 21.3 18.3 21.7 21.1 25.7
Pangasinan 1/ 20.1 24.2 27.6 1.2 1.3 1.6 18.1 22.1 22.1 26.3 25.0 30.2

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 71

Table 10a. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p
First Semester Income Gap
90% Confidence Interval
Estimate Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 24.4 26.0 21.0 0.8 0.9 1.1 23.2 25.6 24.6 27.4 19.2 22.7
2/
Batanes 29.1 26.4 42.4 3.8 3.1 4.3 22.9 35.4 21.3 31.5 35.3 49.5
Cagayan 25.6 22.8 21.2 1.3 1.1 3.0 23.5 27.7 21.1 24.5 16.4 26.1
1/, 2/
Isabela 23.3 27.2 21.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 21.3 25.3 25.1 29.2 19.0 23.4
Nueva Vizcaya 2/ 26.4 28.4 18.9 1.3 2.1 1.3 24.3 28.5 24.9 31.9 16.8 21.0
Quirino 18.8 22.0 21.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 16.4 21.3 19.8 24.3 18.6 23.6

Region III (Central Luzon) 23.8 23.4 21.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 22.6 25.0 22.4 24.3 20.2 23.4
Aurora 25.1 25.9 25.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 23.1 27.1 24.1 27.7 22.9 27.6
Bataan 26.9 23.5 20.0 1.8 1.3 1.4 24.0 29.8 21.3 25.7 17.6 22.3
Bulacan 23.2 24.6 22.9 2.6 1.2 2.1 18.9 27.4 22.7 26.6 19.5 26.3
Nueva Ecija 2/ 22.7 23.2 18.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 20.4 25.1 20.7 25.8 16.7 20.9
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) 20.5 16.6 14.1 2.0 1.5 1.3 17.1 23.8 14.2 19.0 11.9 16.3
City of Angeles 18.7 20.8 16.6 2.0 1.5 3.4 15.4 22.0 18.3 23.3 11.0 22.3
Tarlac 22.8 23.0 25.7 1.7 1.2 2.8 19.9 25.6 21.1 25.0 21.0 30.3
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 28.1 25.3 25.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 25.8 30.3 23.2 27.4 23.2 27.2
City of Olongapo 22.3 23.3 22.9 2.0 1.3 1.7 19.0 25.6 21.2 25.4 20.1 25.7

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 23.6 22.6 21.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 22.0 25.2 21.4 23.8 19.9 22.1
Batangas 22.9 19.2 20.9 1.3 1.6 1.5 20.7 25.0 16.6 21.8 18.4 23.4
Cavite 24.4 20.7 19.4 2.2 1.4 1.2 20.8 28.0 18.4 23.0 17.5 21.3
Laguna 25.0 23.1 23.2 4.1 1.9 1.4 18.3 31.7 20.0 26.2 21.0 25.4
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/ 21.6 25.8 17.9 1.4 1.3 1.6 19.3 23.9 23.7 27.9 15.4 20.5
1/
City of Lucena 31.4 19.2 19.8 3.9 1.4 2.8 24.9 37.8 16.9 21.5 15.2 24.3
Rizal 25.1 23.3 23.4 2.9 1.7 1.7 20.4 29.9 20.4 26.1 20.6 26.3

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 24.3 26.4 25.3 0.8 0.7 1.1 23.0 25.6 25.3 27.5 23.5 27.2
Marinduque 2/ 23.2 23.7 18.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 21.1 25.2 21.9 25.5 17.0 20.7
Occidental Mindoro 25.7 28.8 28.6 1.7 1.1 2.7 23.0 28.4 27.1 30.6 24.2 33.1
Oriental Mindoro 25.5 26.7 26.3 1.7 1.8 2.3 22.7 28.4 23.7 29.7 22.5 30.0
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 23.1 26.9 26.5 1.9 1.4 2.1 20.0 26.3 24.7 29.2 23.0 30.0
City of Puerto Princesa 16.7 19.2 16.3 1.9 1.4 1.3 13.5 19.8 16.9 21.5 14.2 18.4
Romblon 2/ 24.0 24.6 21.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 22.3 25.8 23.0 26.2 20.1 23.1

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 24.2 27.7 24.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 23.3 25.0 26.5 28.8 23.9 25.5
Albay 1/ 21.7 25.2 25.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 20.0 23.5 23.2 27.2 23.5 26.5
Camarines Norte 25.6 24.2 22.5 1.2 1.0 1.3 23.6 27.6 22.5 25.8 20.4 24.6
1/, 2/
Camarines Sur 25.4 32.3 27.0 1.2 1.3 0.9 23.5 27.4 30.2 34.5 25.5 28.6
Catanduanes 26.7 23.6 25.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 24.5 28.9 21.6 25.5 24.1 27.3
Masbate 23.9 23.3 20.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 22.3 25.5 21.6 25.1 18.9 22.8
Sorsogon 22.9 23.6 22.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 21.3 24.6 22.0 25.1 21.5 24.3

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 72

Table 10a. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p
First Semester Income Gap
90% Confidence Interval
Estimate Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 23.0 25.3 25.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 21.7 24.3 24.2 26.4 23.9 26.7
Aklan 2/ 21.1 24.8 15.1 1.6 1.0 1.8 18.5 23.8 23.0 26.5 12.2 18.1
Antique 25.7 29.1 26.1 1.2 1.3 3.2 23.6 27.7 27.0 31.1 20.9 31.3
Capiz 18.0 16.4 19.6 1.8 1.7 1.2 15.1 20.9 13.7 19.2 17.6 21.5
Guimaras 2/ 19.7 22.7 16.4 1.6 1.8 1.4 17.2 22.3 19.6 25.7 14.1 18.8
1/
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 20.8 27.0 23.8 1.2 1.6 1.0 18.9 22.7 24.4 29.6 22.2 25.3
City of Iloilo 19.7 21.4 21.1 2.0 1.3 2.2 16.4 23.1 19.3 23.5 17.4 24.8
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 25.1 25.5 27.8 1.5 1.0 1.3 22.7 27.6 23.9 27.1 25.6 30.0
City of Bacolod 2/ 16.6 17.0 23.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 13.6 19.6 14.7 19.4 21.7 26.2

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 26.6 30.9 28.4 0.8 0.6 1.7 25.4 27.8 29.9 32.0 25.6 31.2
Bohol 2/ 27.4 29.9 25.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 25.5 29.4 27.8 32.0 23.2 27.6
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/ 23.9 32.6 31.1 1.4 1.0 2.1 21.6 26.2 31.0 34.2 27.7 34.5
City of Cebu 2/ 25.2 25.8 19.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 22.4 27.9 23.3 28.3 17.3 22.0
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 25.5 24.9 23.1 2.0 1.3 1.1 22.2 28.8 22.8 27.0 21.4 24.9
City of Mandaue 25.7 23.5 21.9 2.4 1.1 1.5 21.8 29.6 21.6 25.3 19.5 24.3
Negros Oriental 2/ 31.1 31.3 26.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 28.8 33.4 29.1 33.6 24.5 28.0
Siquijor 21.2 17.0 11.1 1.8 3.0 1.8 18.3 24.1 12.1 22.0 8.1 14.0

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 29.7 29.7 28.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 28.6 30.8 28.6 30.8 27.1 29.4
1/, 2/
Biliran 22.8 26.4 21.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 21.0 24.7 24.6 28.2 18.9 23.4
Eastern Samar 31.2 30.2 34.1 1.0 0.9 1.9 29.5 32.8 28.8 31.6 31.1 37.1
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 30.5 32.8 25.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 28.4 32.6 30.9 34.7 24.1 27.2
City of Tacloban 27.1 25.0 21.8 1.6 1.5 1.1 24.4 29.8 22.6 27.4 20.0 23.6
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 28.0 23.0 28.3 1.1 1.0 1.9 26.3 29.8 21.4 24.6 25.2 31.4
2/
Southern Leyte 26.0 26.9 22.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 23.8 28.1 25.1 28.8 20.2 24.6
Samar 2/ 30.3 27.2 31.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 27.8 32.8 25.3 29.2 28.7 34.0

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 30.4 32.0 27.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 29.3 31.5 30.7 33.3 25.9 28.2
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 31.5 37.6 27.4 1.2 1.3 1.0 29.5 33.4 35.4 39.8 25.8 29.1
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 29.4 29.6 31.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 27.2 31.6 27.3 31.9 29.2 33.9
1/
City of Zamboanga 23.0 16.6 19.4 1.4 1.2 1.5 20.7 25.3 14.6 18.7 16.9 21.9
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 32.1 26.5 22.0 1.2 0.9 0.8 30.2 34.0 25.1 28.0 20.7 23.2
1/
Isabela City 34.9 24.4 20.0 1.8 1.6 2.0 31.9 37.9 21.8 27.0 16.8 23.3

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 26.5 27.9 25.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 25.7 27.3 26.7 29.1 24.4 26.1
Bukidnon 1/, 2/ 26.0 31.0 25.5 0.8 1.4 1.0 24.6 27.4 28.7 33.3 23.9 27.1
Camiguin 2/ 25.0 26.1 19.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 22.8 27.2 23.2 29.0 17.1 21.9
1/
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 24.4 31.3 28.9 1.1 1.6 1.3 22.6 26.1 28.7 34.0 26.8 31.0
City of Iligan 26.4 24.5 25.1 1.7 1.3 1.6 23.7 29.2 22.3 26.7 22.5 27.8
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 28.8 21.3 24.3 1.4 0.9 0.9 26.6 31.0 19.8 22.7 22.8 25.7
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 26.9 25.5 23.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 25.2 28.7 24.1 26.8 21.6 24.7
1/
City of Cagayan De Oro 26.9 21.8 21.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 24.1 29.6 19.6 24.0 19.7 23.6

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 73

Table 10a. First Semester Income Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p
First Semester Income Gap
90% Confidence Interval
Estimate Standard Error
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 25.1 24.4 32.8 0.7 0.7 5.5 23.9 26.3 23.3 25.4 23.8 41.9
Davao del Norte 22.5 22.5 25.4 1.7 1.9 3.4 19.7 25.2 19.4 25.6 19.8 31.0
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 22.7 23.1 23.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 20.9 24.6 20.5 25.6 21.2 25.0
2/
City of Davao 25.7 22.3 44.5 3.6 1.9 6.9 19.8 31.6 19.2 25.3 33.2 55.8
Davao Oriental 2/ 25.3 24.6 28.6 0.9 1.3 0.9 23.7 26.8 22.4 26.7 27.1 30.1
2/
Davao de Oro 26.4 24.6 18.0 0.9 1.4 1.1 24.9 27.8 22.3 26.8 16.2 19.7
Davao Occidental 2/ 27.9 29.9 24.2 1.3 1.8 1.9 25.7 30.1 26.9 32.9 21.2 27.3

1/
Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 32.2 30.2 29.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 31.0 33.5 29.2 31.2 27.6 30.3
Cotabato 1/ 32.5 27.2 30.6 1.3 1.1 1.5 30.4 34.7 25.3 29.0 28.1 33.1
Sarangani 2/ 35.2 35.8 31.0 1.8 1.3 1.9 32.3 38.1 33.6 37.9 27.8 34.1
2/
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 29.6 32.2 24.6 3.0 1.9 1.3 24.6 34.5 29.1 35.2 22.5 26.7
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 1/, 2/ 26.4 32.0 25.1 1.7 1.7 2.2 23.7 29.1 29.1 34.8 21.4 28.8
1/
Sultan Kudarat 33.9 27.5 29.4 1.3 1.1 1.7 31.8 36.1 25.7 29.2 26.6 32.2

1/, 2/
Region XIII (Caraga) 26.8 29.9 25.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 26.0 27.6 29.0 30.8 24.2 26.1
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 25.8 27.8 27.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 23.8 27.7 26.1 29.6 25.6 29.8
City of Butuan 1/ 24.1 29.9 26.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 22.4 25.8 27.9 31.8 24.3 28.9
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 27.4 31.2 25.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 25.8 29.1 29.6 32.8 23.6 26.9
Surigao del Norte 1/, 2/ 28.2 32.2 20.0 1.0 1.7 1.1 26.7 29.8 29.4 35.1 18.2 21.9
Surigao del Sur 25.4 27.3 24.6 1.1 1.2 1.9 23.7 27.2 25.4 29.2 21.5 27.6
Dinagat Islands 28.9 28.1 27.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 26.4 31.4 25.4 30.9 24.5 30.1

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 33.0 28.9 25.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 32.1 33.9 27.6 30.1 24.3 26.1
1/
(BARMM)
Basilan 1/ 35.3 29.5 28.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 33.8 36.8 27.6 31.5 26.8 30.3
1/
Lanao del Sur 36.9 14.1 15.2 1.1 1.2 0.8 35.1 38.8 12.2 16.1 13.8 16.5
Maguindanao 1/ 31.3 26.1 25.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 29.4 33.2 24.2 28.0 24.4 27.3
Sulu 1/, 2/ 29.6 33.9 19.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 28.0 31.1 31.4 36.4 17.9 21.0
2/
Tawi-tawi 27.3 26.6 30.7 2.3 0.9 1.3 23.6 31.0 25.1 28.1 28.5 32.9
Cotabato City 31.2 28.8 28.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 29.0 33.4 26.8 30.8 26.3 30.1
Note:
1/ The increase or decrease in the income gap between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ The increase or decrease in the income gap between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
a/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 74

Table 11. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 4.4 4.9 4.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.0 3.9 4.5

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.7
1st District 1/, 2/ 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.2 2.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.2
2nd District 2/ 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.5
3rd District 1/, 2/ 2.2 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.9 2.6 1.4 1.9 0.5 0.9
4th District 1/, 2/ 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.7

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 4.0 3.2 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.7 4.4 2.9 3.5 1.9 2.5
Abra 1/ 10.0 5.7 5.5 0.7 0.6 1.0 8.8 11.2 4.7 6.6 3.9 7.0
Apayao 1/, 2/ 7.7 3.1 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.4 5.5 9.8 1.9 4.2 0.4 1.6
Benguet 2/ 1.7 2.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 2.0 1.8 2.5 1.1 1.8
Ifugao 2/ 3.7 3.7 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 2.8 4.6 2.6 4.7 1.4 2.2
Kalinga 2/ 2.9 2.7 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.3 3.6 2.0 3.4 0.9 1.7
Mt. Province 2/ 6.9 6.3 4.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 5.8 8.0 4.9 7.6 3.1 5.2

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 1.7 3.7 3.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.4 2.0 3.2 4.2 3.1 4.4
Ilocos Norte 2/ 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.0 0.1
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 1.6 4.3 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.2 2.0 3.6 5.0 1.5 2.4
La Union 1/ 0.7 2.1 2.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.7 2.6 2.3 3.6
Pangasinan 1/ 2.1 4.5 5.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.7 2.6 3.7 5.3 4.0 6.2

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 3.8 4.3 2.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 3.3 4.2 3.7 4.9 1.9 3.0
Batanes 1/ 3.9 2.0 4.2 0.6 0.6 1.1 2.9 4.9 1.0 2.9 2.4 6.0
Cagayan 3.9 2.9 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.8 3.2 4.5 2.3 3.6 0.6 3.2
Isabela 1/, 2/ 3.6 5.6 3.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.0 4.3 4.5 6.8 2.3 3.6
Nueva Vizcaya 2/ 4.5 3.6 2.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 3.7 5.4 2.6 4.7 1.6 2.5
Quirino 1.9 2.5 2.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 2.3 2.0 3.0 1.7 3.0

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 1.9 3.2 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.5 2.2 2.9
Aurora 1/ 4.2 6.2 5.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 3.4 5.0 5.1 7.4 4.0 6.1
Bataan 2/ 3.1 3.0 2.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 2.5 3.7 2.5 3.5 1.7 2.6
Bulacan 1/ 1.1 3.7 3.7 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 3.0 4.4 2.5 4.9
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/ 2.4 4.0 2.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.9 3.0 4.9 1.8 3.0
Pampanga 2/ 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.4 0.7
Tarlac 2.4 3.0 2.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.9 2.8 2.5 3.5 1.6 3.2
Zambales 4.5 5.5 4.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 3.8 5.3 4.8 6.2 3.8 5.2

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 75

Table 11. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 1.8 2.4 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.7 1.8 2.2
Batangas 1/ 3.0 1.4 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.4 3.6 1.0 1.7 1.3 2.1
Cavite 1.5 2.3 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.9 1.8 2.7 1.4 2.1
Laguna 1/ 1.3 2.3 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.8 1.6 3.0 1.7 2.8
Quezon 1/, 2/ 2.8 5.6 2.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.1 3.4 4.6 6.6 1.8 2.8
Rizal 1.2 1.4 2.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.6 2.6

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 3.7 5.1 4.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 3.3 4.1 4.6 5.6 4.2 5.4
Marinduque 2/ 3.3 4.4 2.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.7 3.9 3.7 5.2 2.2 3.3
Occidental Mindoro 5.7 7.2 5.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 4.5 6.9 5.9 8.4 3.7 7.8
Oriental Mindoro 3.3 4.4 5.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 2.5 4.1 3.3 5.5 3.7 6.3
Palawan 1/ 2.6 4.2 4.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.9 3.2 3.3 5.0 3.6 5.2
Romblon 1/, 2/ 5.8 7.9 6.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 4.9 6.8 6.9 8.9 5.2 7.0

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 5.2 7.2 6.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 4.8 5.6 6.6 7.9 5.7 6.7
Albay 2/ 3.5 4.7 6.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.9 4.1 3.8 5.6 5.5 7.1
Camarines Norte 6.4 5.1 4.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 5.5 7.3 4.2 5.9 3.9 5.5
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 4.9 11.2 7.4 0.5 1.1 0.7 4.0 5.8 9.4 13.0 6.3 8.5
Catanduanes 2/ 5.2 4.1 6.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 4.3 6.1 3.4 4.8 5.5 7.3
Masbate 2/ 7.0 5.8 3.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 6.0 8.1 4.9 6.7 3.2 4.6
Sorsogon 5.6 6.2 6.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 4.9 6.4 5.3 7.1 5.8 7.7

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 3.7 4.9 5.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.2 4.1 4.4 5.4 4.6 5.8
Aklan 1/, 2/ 3.1 4.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.4 3.8 3.8 5.3 0.7 1.2
Antique 4.7 6.4 4.6 0.5 0.7 1.3 3.9 5.5 5.2 7.5 2.5 6.8
Capiz 2/ 1.1 1.6 2.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.1 2.0 2.2 3.5
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 2.5 4.3 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.9 3.1 3.2 5.4 1.1 1.7
Iloilo 1/ 3.3 4.9 4.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 2.7 3.8 3.9 5.8 3.6 4.9
Negros Occidental 2/ 4.6 5.6 7.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 3.7 5.5 4.7 6.5 6.4 9.1

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 5.1 8.3 6.8 0.3 0.5 1.1 4.6 5.5 7.5 9.0 4.9 8.6
Bohol 1/, 2/ 5.8 7.9 5.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.8 6.8 6.7 9.2 4.9 6.8
Cebu 1/ 4.0 8.4 7.4 0.3 0.6 1.6 3.5 4.5 7.3 9.4 4.7 10.1
Negros Oriental 2/ 8.2 8.8 5.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 6.7 9.7 7.3 10.2 4.7 6.9
Siquijor 1/ 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.5 2.8 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.7

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 76

Table 11. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 2/ 9.0 8.6 7.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 8.3 9.7 7.9 9.3 6.7 8.0
Biliran 1/, 2/ 4.1 5.9 2.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 3.5 4.8 5.0 6.9 2.3 3.3
Eastern Samar 1/ 13.4 10.9 12.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 11.9 14.9 9.4 12.3 10.0 14.3
Leyte 2/ 8.9 9.6 5.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 7.6 10.2 8.1 11.0 4.8 6.7
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 8.4 5.3 7.8 0.7 0.5 1.1 7.3 9.6 4.6 6.1 5.9 9.7
Southern Leyte 2/ 6.0 6.9 3.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 5.0 6.9 5.9 7.8 2.9 4.6
Samar 2/ 9.8 8.2 11.2 0.9 0.8 1.3 8.2 11.3 6.9 9.4 9.1 13.3

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 9.9 9.9 8.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 9.1 10.6 9.1 10.7 7.3 8.7
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 13.1 20.2 10.7 1.1 1.4 1.0 11.3 14.9 17.9 22.5 9.0 12.3
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 7.0 5.2 7.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 6.1 8.0 4.3 6.0 6.6 8.6
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 11.6 7.9 5.9 1.1 0.6 0.5 9.9 13.3 6.8 8.9 5.1 6.7
Isabela City 1/ 18.6 5.8 3.7 1.6 0.8 0.8 15.9 21.2 4.5 7.0 2.4 5.1

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 6.8 7.3 6.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 6.3 7.2 6.6 8.0 5.8 6.7
Bukidnon 2/ 8.4 10.2 7.1 0.7 1.1 0.7 7.3 9.5 8.4 12.0 6.1 8.2
Camiguin 2/ 5.9 4.6 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.3 4.8 7.1 3.8 5.4 1.6 2.6
Lanao del Norte 1/ 5.9 9.4 8.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 6.6 7.9 10.9 7.4 9.9
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 9.4 5.0 7.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 8.1 10.7 4.1 5.8 6.2 8.0
Misamis Oriental 5.0 4.7 4.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 4.5 5.5 4.1 5.2 3.6 4.7

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 4.5 3.4 6.7 0.3 0.2 2.2 4.1 4.9 3.1 3.7 3.0 10.4
Davao del Norte 3.3 3.1 3.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 2.5 4.0 2.2 3.9 2.2 5.2
Davao del Sur 2.6 1.8 7.9 0.4 0.2 4.1 1.9 3.3 1.4 2.2 1.3 14.6
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 8.2 6.0 11.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 7.1 9.3 4.8 7.2 9.7 12.6
Davao de Oro 2/ 6.8 5.3 2.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 5.9 7.8 4.2 6.5 2.1 3.1
Davao Occidental 2/ 10.5 9.5 5.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 8.9 12.2 7.5 11.4 4.4 7.4

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 8.8 8.2 6.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 8.0 9.5 7.5 8.8 5.9 7.3
Cotabato 8.3 7.6 7.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 6.9 9.8 6.3 8.9 6.2 9.2
Sarangani 2/ 14.4 15.1 9.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 11.8 16.9 13.0 17.1 7.2 11.5
South Cotabato 2/ 5.4 6.4 3.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 4.2 6.6 5.3 7.4 2.8 4.1
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 11.1 7.1 9.8 1.0 0.8 1.2 9.4 12.7 5.8 8.4 7.8 11.8

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 77

Table 11. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 7.6 9.3 5.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 7.1 8.1 8.6 9.9 4.7 5.8
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 5.8 8.0 5.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 5.1 6.5 7.2 8.8 4.9 6.4
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 8.9 12.4 6.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 7.6 10.2 10.8 13.9 5.5 7.6
Surigao del Norte 2/ 9.2 8.8 2.5 0.8 1.0 0.3 7.8 10.5 7.2 10.5 1.9 3.1
Surigao del Sur 2/ 6.1 7.6 4.9 0.6 0.8 1.1 5.1 7.1 6.4 8.9 3.2 6.7
Dinagat Islands 10.6 8.5 8.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 8.9 12.3 7.0 10.1 6.8 10.0

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 18.4 11.4 8.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 17.5 19.4 10.5 12.3 8.2 9.4
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 23.1 13.8 13.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 21.2 25.0 11.9 15.7 11.8 15.0
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 25.1 1.6 3.3 1.3 0.2 0.4 23.1 27.2 1.2 2.0 2.7 3.9
Maguindanao 1/ 15.2 9.7 10.6 1.3 1.0 0.8 13.1 17.3 8.1 11.3 9.4 11.9
Sulu 1/, 2/ 19.7 24.4 4.4 0.9 1.7 0.5 18.2 21.2 21.6 27.2 3.5 5.3
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 4.8 10.5 15.5 0.6 1.1 1.5 3.8 5.8 8.8 12.3 13.1 17.9
Cotabato City 13.1 12.1 12.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 11.3 15.0 10.4 13.7 10.3 14.1
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty gap between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty gap between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 78

Table 11a. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1/, 2/
PHILIPPINES 4.4 4.9 4.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.0 3.9 4.5

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.7
1st District
1/, 2/
City of Manila 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.2 2.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.2
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2
City of Marikina 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.5
City of Pasig 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.8 0.7 1.3
Quezon City 2/ 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.5
City of San Juan a/ 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/ 2.4 2.0 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.8 2.9 1.6 2.5 0.5 1.2
1/, 2/
City of Malabon 2.3 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.8 2.8 0.9 1.5 0.4 0.7
1/, 2/
City of Navotas 2.6 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 2.2 3.0 1.4 2.2 0.7 1.1
City of Valenzuela 1/, 2/ 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 1.4 2.3 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.5
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/ 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.4
City of Makati 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.6
City of Muntinlupa 2/ 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 1.0 1.7 1.0 2.1 0.0 0.1
2/
City of Parañaque 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.9 1.8 0.8 1.6 0.2 0.6
2/
Pasay City 1.9 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.4 2.3 1.2 2.4 0.1 0.4
Pateros 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.8 0.9 2.3 0.4 1.3
1/, 2/
City of Taguig 0.8 2.3 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.2 1.7 2.9 1.1 1.7

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 4.0 3.2 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.7 4.4 2.9 3.5 1.9 2.5
Abra 1/ 10.0 5.7 5.5 0.7 0.6 1.0 8.8 11.2 4.7 6.6 3.9 7.0
1/, 2/
Apayao 7.7 3.1 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.4 5.5 9.8 1.9 4.2 0.4 1.6
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 2.5 3.2 2.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.9 3.1 2.5 3.8 1.7 3.0
2/
City of Baguio 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.5
2/
Ifugao 3.7 3.7 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 2.8 4.6 2.6 4.7 1.4 2.2
Kalinga 2/ 2.9 2.7 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.3 3.6 2.0 3.4 0.9 1.7
Mt. Province 2/ 6.9 6.3 4.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 5.8 8.0 4.9 7.6 3.1 5.2
1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 1.7 3.7 3.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.4 2.0 3.2 4.2 3.1 4.4
2/
Ilocos Norte 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.0 0.1
1/, 2/
Ilocos Sur 1.6 4.3 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.2 2.0 3.6 5.0 1.5 2.4
1/
La Union 0.7 2.1 2.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.7 2.6 2.3 3.6
Pangasinan 1/ 2.1 4.5 5.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.7 2.6 3.7 5.3 4.0 6.2

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 79

Table 11a. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 3.8 4.3 2.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 3.3 4.2 3.7 4.9 1.9 3.0
Batanes 1/ 3.9 2.0 4.2 0.6 0.6 1.1 2.9 4.9 1.0 2.9 2.4 6.0
Cagayan 3.9 2.9 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.8 3.2 4.5 2.3 3.6 0.6 3.2
1/, 2/
Isabela 3.6 5.6 3.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.0 4.3 4.5 6.8 2.3 3.6
Nueva Vizcaya 2/ 4.5 3.6 2.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 3.7 5.4 2.6 4.7 1.6 2.5
Quirino 1.9 2.5 2.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 2.3 2.0 3.0 1.7 3.0

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/, 2/ 1.9 3.2 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.5 2.2 2.9
Aurora 1/ 4.2 6.2 5.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 3.4 5.0 5.1 7.4 4.0 6.1
2/
Bataan 3.1 3.0 2.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 2.5 3.7 2.5 3.5 1.7 2.6
Bulacan 1/ 1.1 3.7 3.7 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 3.0 4.4 2.5 4.9
Nueva Ecija 1/, 2/ 2.4 4.0 2.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.9 3.0 4.9 1.8 3.0
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) 2/ 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.7
City of Angeles 1/, 2/ 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.3 0.2 0.5
Tarlac 2.4 3.0 2.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.9 2.8 2.5 3.5 1.6 3.2
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 5.4 6.4 5.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 4.4 6.5 5.5 7.4 4.4 6.1
City of Olongapo 2.1 3.0 2.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.6 2.6 2.4 3.6 1.8 3.1

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 1/ 1.8 2.4 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.7 1.8 2.2
Batangas 1/ 3.0 1.4 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.4 3.6 1.0 1.7 1.3 2.1
Cavite 1.5 2.3 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.9 1.8 2.7 1.4 2.1
1/
Laguna 1.3 2.3 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.8 1.6 3.0 1.7 2.8
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/ 2.9 6.1 2.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.1 3.6 5.0 7.3 1.9 3.1
City of Lucena 2.0 1.9 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.3 2.6 1.4 2.4 0.8 1.7
Rizal 1.2 1.4 2.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.6 2.6

MIMAROPA Region 1/ 3.7 5.1 4.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 3.3 4.1 4.6 5.6 4.2 5.4
Marinduque 2/ 3.3 4.4 2.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.7 3.9 3.7 5.2 2.2 3.3
Occidental Mindoro 5.7 7.2 5.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 4.5 6.9 5.9 8.4 3.7 7.8
Oriental Mindoro 3.3 4.4 5.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 2.5 4.1 3.3 5.5 3.7 6.3
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1/ 3.2 5.0 5.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.4 4.0 3.9 6.1 4.3 6.5
1/
City of Puerto Princesa 0.6 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.0 2.0 0.7 1.3
1/, 2/
Romblon 5.8 7.9 6.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 4.9 6.8 6.9 8.9 5.2 7.0

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 5.2 7.2 6.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 4.8 5.6 6.6 7.9 5.7 6.7
Albay 2/ 3.5 4.7 6.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.9 4.1 3.8 5.6 5.5 7.1
Camarines Norte 6.4 5.1 4.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 5.5 7.3 4.2 5.9 3.9 5.5
1/, 2/
Camarines Sur 4.9 11.2 7.4 0.5 1.1 0.7 4.0 5.8 9.4 13.0 6.3 8.5
Catanduanes 2/ 5.2 4.1 6.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 4.3 6.1 3.4 4.8 5.5 7.3
Masbate 2/ 7.0 5.8 3.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 6.0 8.1 4.9 6.7 3.2 4.6
Sorsogon 5.6 6.2 6.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 4.9 6.4 5.3 7.1 5.8 7.7

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 80

Table 11a. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
1/
Region VI (Western Visayas) 3.7 4.9 5.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.2 4.1 4.4 5.4 4.6 5.8
Aklan 1/, 2/ 3.1 4.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.4 3.8 3.8 5.3 0.7 1.2
Antique 4.7 6.4 4.6 0.5 0.7 1.3 3.9 5.5 5.2 7.5 2.5 6.8
Capiz 2/ 1.1 1.6 2.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.1 2.0 2.2 3.5
1/, 2/
Guimaras 2.5 4.3 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.9 3.1 3.2 5.4 1.1 1.7
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 1/ 3.8 5.5 4.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 3.1 4.5 4.3 6.6 4.0 5.6
City of Iloilo 1/ 0.9 1.8 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.4 2.2 1.0 1.9
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 5.4 6.6 8.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 4.3 6.5 5.5 7.7 7.3 10.5
City of Bacolod 2/ 0.8 1.0 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 2.0 3.1

1/
Region VII (Central Visayas) 5.1 8.3 6.8 0.3 0.5 1.1 4.6 5.5 7.5 9.0 4.9 8.6
Bohol 1/, 2/ 5.8 7.9 5.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.8 6.8 6.7 9.2 4.9 6.8
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/ 5.0 11.2 10.5 0.5 1.0 2.1 4.2 5.9 9.6 12.8 7.1 13.8
City of Cebu 1/, 2/ 2.6 4.2 2.0 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.0 3.2 3.4 5.0 1.5 2.4
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 1/ 2.0 3.2 2.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.5 2.5 2.5 3.8 1.9 2.9
City of Mandaue 2.4 2.9 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.9 3.0 2.4 3.4 1.6 2.7
Negros Oriental 2/ 8.2 8.8 5.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 6.7 9.7 7.3 10.2 4.7 6.9
Siquijor 1/ 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.5 2.8 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.7

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 2/ 9.0 8.6 7.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 8.3 9.7 7.9 9.3 6.7 8.0
1/, 2/
Biliran 4.1 5.9 2.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 3.5 4.8 5.0 6.9 2.3 3.3
1/
Eastern Samar 13.4 10.9 12.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 11.9 14.9 9.4 12.3 10.0 14.3
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 9.6 10.3 6.1 0.9 1.0 0.6 8.1 11.0 8.6 11.9 5.1 7.1
City of Tacloban 3.6 3.7 2.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.9 4.2 3.0 4.3 2.4 3.4
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 8.4 5.3 7.8 0.7 0.5 1.1 7.3 9.6 4.6 6.1 5.9 9.7
Southern Leyte 2/ 6.0 6.9 3.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 5.0 6.9 5.9 7.8 2.9 4.6
Samar 2/ 9.8 8.2 11.2 0.9 0.8 1.3 8.2 11.3 6.9 9.4 9.1 13.3
Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 9.9 9.9 8.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 9.1 10.6 9.1 10.7 7.3 8.7
1/, 2/
Zamboanga del Norte 13.1 20.2 10.7 1.1 1.4 1.0 11.3 14.9 17.9 22.5 9.0 12.3
2/
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 10.5 8.8 12.7 1.0 1.0 1.1 8.9 12.1 7.2 10.3 10.8 14.6
1/, 2/
City of Zamboanga 2.8 1.3 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 2.3 3.4 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.9
1/, 2/
Zamboanga Sibugay 11.6 7.9 5.9 1.1 0.6 0.5 9.9 13.3 6.8 8.9 5.1 6.7
Isabela City 1/ 18.6 5.8 3.7 1.6 0.8 0.8 15.9 21.2 4.5 7.0 2.4 5.1
Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 6.8 7.3 6.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 6.3 7.2 6.6 8.0 5.8 6.7
Bukidnon 2/ 8.4 10.2 7.1 0.7 1.1 0.7 7.3 9.5 8.4 12.0 6.1 8.2
Camiguin 2/ 5.9 4.6 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.3 4.8 7.1 3.8 5.4 1.6 2.6
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 6.2 12.2 10.9 0.6 1.4 1.1 5.3 7.1 10.0 14.5 9.1 12.8
City of Iligan 5.3 4.2 4.2 0.8 0.5 0.6 4.0 6.5 3.4 5.0 3.3 5.2
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 9.4 5.0 7.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 8.1 10.7 4.1 5.8 6.2 8.0
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 6.8 6.5 5.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 6.0 7.6 5.5 7.4 4.5 6.2
City of Cagayan De Oro 3.0 2.5 2.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 2.4 3.5 2.0 3.0 2.1 3.2

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 81

Table 11a. First Semester Poverty Gap with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Poverty Gap

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 4.5 3.4 6.7 0.3 0.2 2.2 4.1 4.9 3.1 3.7 3.0 10.4
Davao del Norte 3.3 3.1 3.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 2.5 4.0 2.2 3.9 2.2 5.2
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 4.3 3.0 3.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.5 5.0 2.3 3.8 2.7 4.0
City of Davao 2.0 1.3 9.6 0.6 0.3 5.2 1.0 3.0 0.9 1.7 1.0 18.3
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 8.2 6.0 11.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 7.1 9.3 4.8 7.2 9.7 12.6
2/
Davao de Oro 6.8 5.3 2.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 5.9 7.8 4.2 6.5 2.1 3.1
2/
Davao Occidental 10.5 9.5 5.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 8.9 12.2 7.5 11.4 4.4 7.4

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 8.8 8.2 6.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 8.0 9.5 7.5 8.8 5.9 7.3
Cotabato 8.3 7.6 7.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 6.9 9.8 6.3 8.9 6.2 9.2
Sarangani 2/ 14.4 15.1 9.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 11.8 16.9 13.0 17.1 7.2 11.5
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 2/ 6.3 7.3 4.3 1.2 1.0 0.6 4.4 8.2 5.6 8.9 3.3 5.2
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/ 4.0 5.0 2.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 3.2 4.9 4.1 5.8 1.5 2.9
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 11.1 7.1 9.8 1.0 0.8 1.2 9.4 12.7 5.8 8.4 7.8 11.8

1/, 2/
Region XIII (Caraga) 7.6 9.3 5.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 7.1 8.1 8.6 9.9 4.7 5.8
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 6.8 8.1 6.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.7 7.9 7.0 9.2 5.7 8.0
1/, 2/
City of Butuan 4.7 7.9 4.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 3.9 5.5 6.7 9.2 3.5 5.4
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 8.9 12.4 6.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 7.6 10.2 10.8 13.9 5.5 7.6
Surigao del Norte 2/ 9.2 8.8 2.5 0.8 1.0 0.3 7.8 10.5 7.2 10.5 1.9 3.1
Surigao del Sur 2/ 6.1 7.6 4.9 0.6 0.8 1.1 5.1 7.1 6.4 8.9 3.2 6.7
Dinagat Islands 10.6 8.5 8.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 8.9 12.3 7.0 10.1 6.8 10.0

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 18.4 11.4 8.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 17.5 19.4 10.5 12.3 8.2 9.4
1/, 4/
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
1/
Basilan 23.1 13.8 13.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 21.2 25.0 11.9 15.7 11.8 15.0
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 25.1 1.6 3.3 1.3 0.2 0.4 23.1 27.2 1.2 2.0 2.7 3.9
1/
Maguindanao 15.2 9.7 10.6 1.3 1.0 0.8 13.1 17.3 8.1 11.3 9.4 11.9
Sulu 1/, 2/ 19.7 24.4 4.4 0.9 1.7 0.5 18.2 21.2 21.6 27.2 3.5 5.3
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 4.8 10.5 15.5 0.6 1.1 1.5 3.8 5.8 8.8 12.3 13.1 17.9
Cotabato City 13.1 12.1 12.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 11.3 15.0 10.4 13.7 10.3 14.1

Note:
1/ The increase or decrease in the poverty gap between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ The increase or decrease in the poverty gap between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 82

Table 12. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 1.8 2.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.8

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2
1st District 1/ 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7
2nd District 2/ 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1
3rd District 1/, 2/ 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.3
4th District 2/ 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.9 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.0
Abra 1/ 4.8 2.3 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 4.1 5.5 1.8 2.8 1.4 3.2
Apayao 1/, 2/ 3.4 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 2.2 4.5 0.7 1.6 0.1 0.5
Benguet 2/ 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.7
Ifugao 2/ 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.9 0.4 0.7
Kalinga 2/ 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.5
Mt. Province 2/ 2.9 2.5 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.4 3.4 1.8 3.2 1.0 1.9

Region I (Ilocos Region) 1/ 0.5 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.8
Ilocos Norte 2/ 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.8 0.5 0.9
La Union 1/ 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.3
Pangasinan 1/ 0.7 1.8 2.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.4 2.1 1.6 2.7

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 1.4 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.2 1.6 1.3 2.0 0.6 1.0
Batanes 1/, 2/ 1.8 0.7 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.1 2.4 0.3 1.2 1.2 3.8
Cagayan 1/ 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.8 0.7 1.2 0.1 1.2
Isabela 1/, 2/ 1.3 2.3 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.0 1.6 1.7 2.9 0.7 1.2
Nueva Vizcaya 2/ 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.4 2.3 1.0 2.1 0.4 0.8
Quirino 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.0

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/ 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.1
Aurora 1.7 2.3 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.3 2.0 1.8 2.8 1.4 2.4
Bataan 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.0 1.6 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.0
Bulacan 1/ 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.7 0.8 2.0
Nueva Ecija 2/ 0.9 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.8 0.5 0.9
Pampanga 2/ 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2
Tarlac 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.5 1.5
Zambales 2.0 2.1 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.5 2.4 1.8 2.4 1.4 2.1

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 83

Table 12. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 2/ 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7
Batangas 1/ 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7
Cavite 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7
Laguna 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.5 1.0
Quezon 1/, 2/ 1.0 2.1 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.8 1.3 1.6 2.6 0.5 0.9
Rizal 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.0

MIMAROPA REGION 1/ 1.4 2.0 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.5 2.2
Marinduque 2/ 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.9 0.6 1.0
Occidental Mindoro 2.3 2.9 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.7 2.9 2.3 3.5 1.3 3.6
Oriental Mindoro 1.4 1.7 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.8 1.2 2.3 1.2 2.8
Palawan 1/ 1.0 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.2 2.1
Romblon 2/ 2.1 2.7 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.6 2.5 2.3 3.2 1.6 2.4

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 1.9 2.9 2.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.7 2.1 2.6 3.3 2.0 2.4
Albay 1.2 1.7 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.6
Camarines Norte 2.5 1.9 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0 2.9 1.5 2.2 1.3 2.0
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 1.9 5.0 2.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 1.5 2.3 4.0 6.0 2.3 3.3
Catanduanes 2/ 2.0 1.4 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.6 2.5 1.1 1.7 2.0 2.8
Masbate 2/ 2.5 2.0 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0 2.9 1.6 2.4 1.0 1.6
Sorsogon 2.0 2.2 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.7

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 1.3 1.8 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.6 2.2
Aklan 2/ 1.1 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.2 0.4
Antique 1.9 2.6 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 2.3 2.0 3.1 0.7 2.7
Capiz 2/ 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.1
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.2 0.5
Iloilo 1/ 1.1 1.9 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.2 1.8
Negros Occidental 2/ 1.7 2.0 3.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.4 2.4 3.7

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 2.1 3.6 2.7 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.8 2.3 3.3 4.0 1.9 3.6
Bohol 1/, 2/ 2.3 3.4 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.9 2.8 2.8 4.1 1.7 2.7
Cebu 1/ 1.5 3.7 3.0 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.8 3.2 4.2 1.8 4.2
Negros Oriental 2/ 3.8 3.9 2.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 3.0 4.6 3.1 4.7 1.8 2.8
Siquijor 1/ 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 84

Table 12. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 4.0 3.6 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.6 4.4 3.2 4.0 2.7 3.4
Biliran 1/, 2/ 1.5 2.2 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.7 0.7 1.1
Eastern Samar 1/ 6.0 4.2 5.9 0.5 0.4 0.9 5.2 6.8 3.6 4.9 4.5 7.3
Leyte 2/ 4.0 4.3 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 3.2 4.8 3.5 5.1 1.7 2.6
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 3.5 1.8 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 2.9 4.0 1.5 2.1 2.1 4.1
Southern Leyte 2/ 2.6 2.7 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.0 3.1 2.3 3.2 0.9 1.6
Samar 2/ 4.5 3.2 4.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 3.6 5.4 2.6 3.9 3.7 6.0

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 4.4 4.5 3.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.9 4.8 4.1 5.0 2.8 3.5
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 5.8 10.2 4.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 4.8 6.8 8.7 11.8 3.3 4.9
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 3.0 2.1 3.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.5 3.5 1.6 2.5 2.6 3.8
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 5.3 3.0 1.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 4.3 6.2 2.5 3.5 1.5 2.2
Isabela City 1/ 9.1 2.1 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.3 7.4 10.8 1.5 2.8 0.6 1.7

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 2.7 2.9 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.5 2.9 2.6 3.3 2.1 2.5
Bukidnon 2/ 3.2 4.4 2.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.7 3.7 3.4 5.4 2.1 3.0
Camiguin 2/ 2.3 1.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.8 2.8 1.3 2.2 0.4 0.8
Lanao del Norte 1/ 2.2 4.0 3.5 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.9 2.6 3.2 4.8 2.8 4.1
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 4.0 1.6 2.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 3.2 4.8 1.3 1.9 2.1 2.8
Misamis Oriental 2.0 1.6 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.9 1.2 1.6

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 1.7 1.3 3.4 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.4 0.8 5.9
Davao del Norte 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.5 0.7 2.3
Davao del Sur 1.0 0.6 4.6 0.2 0.1 2.8 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.8 0.0 9.2
Davao Oriental 2/ 3.0 2.1 4.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.5 3.4 1.6 2.7 3.6 4.9
Davao de Oro 2/ 2.6 2.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.1 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.5 0.6 1.0
Davao Occidental 2/ 4.2 4.1 2.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 3.3 5.1 3.0 5.2 1.4 2.9

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 4.0 3.5 2.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 3.6 4.5 3.2 3.9 2.4 3.2
Cotabato 3.7 3.0 3.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 3.0 4.5 2.4 3.7 2.7 4.2
Sarangani 2/ 7.0 7.4 4.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 5.4 8.6 6.2 8.6 2.9 5.3
South Cotabato 2/ 2.4 2.9 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.7 3.2 2.3 3.5 1.0 1.6
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 5.2 2.7 4.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 4.2 6.1 2.2 3.3 3.1 5.2

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 85

Table 12. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

Estimate (%) Standard Error 90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province 2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 2.9 3.9 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.2 1.7 2.1
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 2.2 3.2 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.9 2.5 2.8 3.6 1.9 2.6
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 3.5 5.2 2.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.8 4.1 4.5 6.0 1.9 2.8
Surigao del Norte 2/ 3.6 4.2 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.1 3.0 4.2 3.1 5.2 0.6 1.0
Surigao del Sur 2/ 2.2 3.0 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.8 2.7 2.4 3.6 1.0 2.3
Dinagat Islands 4.5 3.4 3.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 3.5 5.4 2.6 4.3 2.5 4.3

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 8.4 4.6 3.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 7.8 9.0 4.2 5.1 3.0 3.6
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 10.7 5.7 5.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 9.5 11.8 4.7 6.6 4.3 6.0
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 12.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.1 10.8 13.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0
Maguindanao 1/ 6.8 3.7 3.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 5.7 8.0 2.9 4.4 3.3 4.5
Sulu 1/, 2/ 8.3 10.9 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.2 7.3 9.3 9.1 12.6 1.0 1.6
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 2.3 3.9 6.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.1 3.1 4.6 5.2 7.8
Cotabato City 5.9 4.7 4.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 4.7 7.0 3.9 5.6 3.8 5.7
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the severity of poverty between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the severity of poverty between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 86

Table 12a. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/ 1.8 2.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.8

National Capital Region (NCR) 1/, 2/ 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2
1st District
City of Manila 1/ 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7
2nd District
City of Mandaluyong 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
City of Marikina 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1
City of Pasig 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.4
Quezon City 2/ 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1
City of San Juan a/ 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
3rd District
City of Caloocan 2/ 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.4
City of Malabon 1/, 2/ 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.7 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1
City of Navotas 1/, 2/ 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.2
City of Valenzuela 1/, 2/ 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1
4th District
City of Las Piñas 2/ 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1
City of Makati 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2
City of Muntinlupa 2/ 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0
City of Parañaque 2/ 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.2
Pasay City 2/ 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.1
Pateros 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.5
City of Taguig 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.7

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 1/, 2/ 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.9 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.0
Abra 1/ 4.8 2.3 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 4.1 5.5 1.8 2.8 1.4 3.2
Apayao 1/, 2/ 3.4 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 2.2 4.5 0.7 1.6 0.1 0.5
Benguet (w/o the City of Baguio) 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.7 0.6 1.1
City of Baguio 2/ 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1
Ifugao 2/ 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.9 0.4 0.7
Kalinga 2/ 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.5
Mt. Province 2/ 2.9 2.5 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.4 3.4 1.8 3.2 1.0 1.9

1/
Region I (Ilocos Region) 0.5 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.8
Ilocos Norte 2/ 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 1/, 2/ 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.8 0.5 0.9
La Union 1/ 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.3
Pangasinan 1/ 0.7 1.8 2.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.4 2.1 1.6 2.7

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 87

Table 12a. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 2/ 1.4 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.2 1.6 1.3 2.0 0.6 1.0
Batanes 1/, 2/ 1.8 0.7 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.1 2.4 0.3 1.2 1.2 3.8
Cagayan 1/ 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.8 0.7 1.2 0.1 1.2
Isabela 1/, 2/ 1.3 2.3 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.0 1.6 1.7 2.9 0.7 1.2
Nueva Vizcaya 2/ 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.4 2.3 1.0 2.1 0.4 0.8
Quirino 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.0

Region III (Central Luzon) 1/ 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.1
Aurora 1.7 2.3 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.3 2.0 1.8 2.8 1.4 2.4
Bataan 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.0 1.6 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.0
Bulacan 1/ 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.7 0.8 2.0
Nueva Ecija 2/ 0.9 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.8 0.5 0.9
Pampanga (w/o the City of Angeles) 2/ 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2
City of Angeles 1/, 2/ 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2
Tarlac 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.5 1.5
Zambales (w/o the City of Olongapo) 2.4 2.4 2.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.8 3.0 2.0 2.9 1.6 2.4
City of Olongapo 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.3

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 2/ 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7
Batangas 1/ 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7
Cavite 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7
Laguna 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.5 1.0
Quezon (w/o the City of Lucena) 1/, 2/ 1.1 2.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.4 1.8 2.8 0.5 0.9
City of Lucena 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.8
Rizal 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.0
MIMAROPA Region 1/ 1.4 2.0 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.5 2.2
Marinduque 2/ 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.9 0.6 1.0
Occidental Mindoro 2.3 2.9 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.7 2.9 2.3 3.5 1.3 3.6
Oriental Mindoro 1.4 1.7 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.8 1.2 2.3 1.2 2.8
Palawan (w/o the City of Puerto Princesa) 1.2 2.0 2.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.6 1.5 2.5 1.6 2.6
City of Puerto Princesa 1/ 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.4
Romblon 2/ 2.1 2.7 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.6 2.5 2.3 3.2 1.6 2.4

Region V (Bicol Region) 1/, 2/ 1.9 2.9 2.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.7 2.1 2.6 3.3 2.0 2.4
Albay 1.2 1.7 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.6
Camarines Norte 2.5 1.9 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0 2.9 1.5 2.2 1.3 2.0
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 1.9 5.0 2.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 1.5 2.3 4.0 6.0 2.3 3.3
Catanduanes 2/ 2.0 1.4 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.6 2.5 1.1 1.7 2.0 2.8
Masbate 2/ 2.5 2.0 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0 2.9 1.6 2.4 1.0 1.6
Sorsogon 2.0 2.2 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.7

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 88

Table 12a. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region VI (Western Visayas) 1/ 1.3 1.8 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.6 2.2
Aklan 2/ 1.1 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.2 0.4
Antique 1.9 2.6 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 2.3 2.0 3.1 0.7 2.7
Capiz 2/ 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.1
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.2 0.5
Iloilo (w/o the City of Iloilo) 1/ 1.2 2.2 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.9 1.5 1.6 2.7 1.4 2.0
City of Iloilo 1/ 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.8
Negros Occidental (w/o the City of Bacolod) 2.0 2.4 3.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.9 2.9 2.7 4.3
City of Bacolod 2/ 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.1

Region VII (Central Visayas) 1/ 2.1 3.6 2.7 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.8 2.3 3.3 4.0 1.9 3.6
Bohol 1/, 2/ 2.3 3.4 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.9 2.8 2.8 4.1 1.7 2.7
Cebu (w/o the Cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) 1/ 1.9 5.0 4.3 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.3 4.2 5.8 2.8 5.9
City of Cebu 1/, 2/ 1.0 1.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.3 1.3 2.1 0.4 0.8
City of Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.5 0.6 1.0
City of Mandaue 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.9
Negros Oriental 2/ 3.8 3.9 2.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 3.0 4.6 3.1 4.7 1.8 2.8
Siquijor 1/ 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 4.0 3.6 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.6 4.4 3.2 4.0 2.7 3.4
Biliran 1/, 2/ 1.5 2.2 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.7 0.7 1.1
Eastern Samar 1/ 6.0 4.2 5.9 0.5 0.4 0.9 5.2 6.8 3.6 4.9 4.5 7.3
Leyte (w/o the City of Tacloban) 2/ 4.3 4.6 2.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 3.4 5.1 3.7 5.5 1.8 2.8
City of Tacloban 2/ 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.2 1.9 1.1 1.7 0.7 1.1
Northern Samar 1/, 2/ 3.5 1.8 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 2.9 4.0 1.5 2.1 2.1 4.1
Southern Leyte 2/ 2.6 2.7 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.0 3.1 2.3 3.2 0.9 1.6
Samar 2/ 4.5 3.2 4.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 3.6 5.4 2.6 3.9 3.7 6.0
Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 2/ 4.4 4.5 3.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.9 4.8 4.1 5.0 2.8 3.5
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 5.8 10.2 4.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 4.8 6.8 8.7 11.8 3.3 4.9
Zamboanga del Sur (w/o the City of Zamboanga) 2/ 4.6 3.7 5.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 3.7 5.4 2.9 4.5 4.5 6.8
City of Zamboanga 1/ 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.9
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/, 2/ 5.3 3.0 1.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 4.3 6.2 2.5 3.5 1.5 2.2
Isabela City 1/ 9.1 2.1 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.3 7.4 10.8 1.5 2.8 0.6 1.7

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 2/ 2.7 2.9 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.5 2.9 2.6 3.3 2.1 2.5
Bukidnon 2/ 3.2 4.4 2.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.7 3.7 3.4 5.4 2.1 3.0
Camiguin 2/ 2.3 1.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.8 2.8 1.3 2.2 0.4 0.8
Lanao del Norte (w/o the City of Iligan) 1/ 2.3 5.3 4.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.9 2.7 4.1 6.6 3.5 5.4
City of Iligan 2.1 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.5 2.7 1.2 2.0 1.1 2.0
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 4.0 1.6 2.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 3.2 4.8 1.3 1.9 2.1 2.8
Misamis Oriental (w/o the City of Cagayan de Oro) 2.7 2.3 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.3 3.1 1.9 2.7 1.5 2.1
City of Cagayan De Oro 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.5 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.1

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 89

Table 12a. First Semester Severity of Poverty with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Severity of Poverty

90% Confidence Interval
Region/Province Estimate Standard Error
2018 2021 2023p
p p
2018 2021 2023 2018 2021 2023 Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Region XI (Davao Region) 1/ 1.7 1.3 3.4 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.4 0.8 5.9
Davao del Norte 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.5 0.7 2.3
Davao del Sur (w/o the City of Davao) 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1 1.7 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.5
City of Davao 0.8 0.5 5.8 0.3 0.1 3.6 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.0 11.7
Davao Oriental 2/ 3.0 2.1 4.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.5 3.4 1.6 2.7 3.6 4.9
Davao de Oro 2/ 2.6 2.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.1 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.5 0.6 1.0
Davao Occidental 2/ 4.2 4.1 2.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 3.3 5.1 3.0 5.2 1.4 2.9

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 3/ 4.0 3.5 2.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 3.6 4.5 3.2 3.9 2.4 3.2
Cotabato 3.7 3.0 3.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 3.0 4.5 2.4 3.7 2.7 4.2
Sarangani 2/ 7.0 7.4 4.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 5.4 8.6 6.2 8.6 2.9 5.3
South Cotabato (w/o the City of Gen. Santos) 2/ 2.9 3.3 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.3 1.6 4.1 2.3 4.2 1.1 1.9
City of General Santos (Dadiangas) 2/ 1.8 2.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.3 2.3 1.9 2.8 0.5 1.2
Sultan Kudarat 1/ 5.2 2.7 4.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 4.2 6.1 2.2 3.3 3.1 5.2

Region XIII (Caraga) 1/, 2/ 2.9 3.9 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.2 1.7 2.1
Agusan del Norte (w/o the City of Butuan) 2.6 3.2 2.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 3.2 2.6 3.7 2.2 3.3
City of Butuan 1/, 2/ 1.7 3.3 1.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.4 2.1 2.7 3.9 1.3 2.3
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 3.5 5.2 2.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.8 4.1 4.5 6.0 1.9 2.8
Surigao del Norte 2/ 3.6 4.2 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.1 3.0 4.2 3.1 5.2 0.6 1.0
Surigao del Sur 2/ 2.2 3.0 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.8 2.7 2.4 3.6 1.0 2.3
Dinagat Islands 4.5 3.4 3.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 3.5 5.4 2.6 4.3 2.5 4.3

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 8.4 4.6 3.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 7.8 9.0 4.2 5.1 3.0 3.6
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 1/, 4/
Basilan 1/ 10.7 5.7 5.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 9.5 11.8 4.7 6.6 4.3 6.0
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 12.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.1 10.8 13.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0
Maguindanao 1/ 6.8 3.7 3.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 5.7 8.0 2.9 4.4 3.3 4.5
Sulu 1/, 2/ 8.3 10.9 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.2 7.3 9.3 9.1 12.6 1.0 1.6
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 2.3 3.9 6.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.1 3.1 4.6 5.2 7.8
Cotabato City 5.9 4.7 4.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 4.7 7.0 3.9 5.6 3.8 5.7
Note:
1/ The increase or decrease in the severity of poverty between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ The increase or decrease in the severity of poverty between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still includes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM.
4/ The 2018 and 2021 estimates still excludes the 63 barangays from North Cotabato and Cotabato City, which are now part of BARMM in 2023.
a/ Caution in utilizing the estimate for the city must be observed due to its very small sample size.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 90

Table 13. First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families and Population in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao: 2018, 2021, and 2023p

First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families (%) First Semester Poverty Incidence among Population (%)
Major Island Group
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/, 3/, 4/ 16.2 18.0 16.4 21.1 23.7 22.4

Luzon 1/, 2/, 3/, 4/ 9.6 12.6 10.8 12.7 17.2 15.2
2/, 3/, 4/
National Capital Region (NCR) 4.9 5.2 3.3 6.6 7.8 5.1
Rest of Luzon 1/,2/, 3/, 4/ 11.0 14.8 13.1 14.5 19.8 18.1
Visayas 1/, 3/ 20.4 24.4 23.1 26.0 30.8 29.7
Mindanao 1/, 3/ 28.9 26.3 25.0 37.1 33.9 33.7

Notes:
1/ The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
4/ The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Page 91

p
Table 14. Subsistence Incidence among Families and Population in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao: 2018, 2021, and 2023

First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Families (%) First Semester Subsistence Incidence among Population (%)
Major Island Group
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

PHILIPPINES 1/, 2/, 3/, 4/ 6.2 7.1 5.9 8.5 9.9 8.7

1/,2, 3/, 4/
Luzon 3.1 4.2 3.2 4.1 6.1 4.9
1/, 2/, 4/
National Capital Region (NCR) 1.6 1.2 0.6 2.0 1.9 0.9
Rest of Luzon 1/, 2/, 3/, 4/ 3.5 5.1 4.0 4.7 7.3 6.0
Visayas 1/, 3/ 7.6 10.6 9.1 10.1 14.1 12.6
Mindanao 1/, 3/ 12.8 11.5 10.1 17.9 15.9 14.7

Notes:

1/ The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
3/ The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among population between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
4/ The increase or decrease in the subsistence incidence among population between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 92

Table 15. Clustering of Provinces based on the 2023 First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families, by Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p
(where Cluster 1 indicates the bottom (poorest) cluster of provinces)

2018 2021 2023p

90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval
Province Poverty Poverty Poverty
Cluster d/ Cluster d/ Cluster d/
Incidence Incidence Incidence
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Basilan 1/ 2/ 1 65.5 61.8 69.1 1 46.7 42.2 51.1 1 46.9 42.9 50.9
Tawi-tawi 1/, 2/ 4 17.7 15.1 20.3 2 39.5 34.0 45.1 1 50.5 45.0 56.0
Maguindanao 1/ 1 48.6 43.4 53.8 2 37.1 32.4 41.9 2 41.2 38.0 44.4
Cotabato City 2 42.0 38.1 46.0 2 42.0 38.2 45.8 2 43.3 38.3 48.2
Zamboanga del Norte 1/, 2/ 2 41.5 37.5 45.5 1 53.6 49.4 57.7 2 38.9 34.2 43.5
Eastern Samar 1/ 2 43.0 39.4 46.5 2 36.0 32.1 39.8 2 35.6 31.8 39.4
Samar 2 32.2 28.8 35.7 3 30.0 26.8 33.3 2 35.8 31.2 40.3
Davao Oriental 1/, 2/ 2 32.6 29.1 36.1 3 24.5 20.9 28.0 2 38.9 35.1 42.6
Sultan Kudarat 1/, 2/ 2 32.6 28.8 36.4 3 25.8 21.9 29.8 2 33.3 28.8 37.9
Sulu 2/ 1 66.7 63.0 70.3 1 71.9 67.0 76.8 3 22.6 19.1 26.1
Lanao del Sur 1/, 2/ 1 68.0 64.5 71.6 4 11.4 9.1 13.6 3 21.6 18.7 24.6
Agusan del Sur 1/, 2/ 2 32.6 29.0 36.2 2 39.6 36.0 43.3 3 25.9 22.8 29.0
Sarangani 2/ 2 40.8 35.9 45.7 2 42.1 38.0 46.1 3 30.3 25.7 34.8
Bukidnon 2 32.3 29.0 35.6 2 32.8 28.6 37.0 3 28.0 24.7 31.3
Davao Occidental 2/ 2 37.7 33.7 41.8 2 31.7 27.3 36.0 3 24.4 20.5 28.3
Dinagat Islands 2 36.7 32.6 40.8 3 30.3 26.6 34.1 3 30.7 27.0 34.5
Zamboanga Sibugay 1/ 2 36.1 31.9 40.2 3 29.7 26.5 32.8 3 26.9 23.8 30.0
Misamis Occidental 1/, 2/ 2 32.7 29.3 36.0 3 23.3 20.2 26.5 3 29.2 26.0 32.3
Agusan del Norte 1/, 2/ 3 23.1 21.0 25.3 3 27.8 25.6 30.0 3 20.8 18.7 23.0
Lanao del Norte 1/ 3 23.6 21.2 25.9 2 31.4 28.1 34.6 3 30.5 27.5 33.5
Leyte 2/ 3 29.3 26.2 32.5 3 29.6 26.2 33.0 3 22.7 19.8 25.6
Negros Oriental 3 26.3 22.7 29.9 3 28.1 24.5 31.6 3 22.2 18.6 25.8
Cotabato 3 25.5 22.0 29.0 3 27.9 24.1 31.8 3 25.2 21.2 29.2
Romblon 1/ 3 24.3 21.4 27.3 2 32.1 29.2 35.1 3 28.3 25.3 31.2
Bohol 1/ 3 21.2 18.3 24.1 3 26.6 23.4 29.7 3 23.1 20.3 26.0
Camarines Norte 3 24.9 22.1 27.7 3 20.9 18.2 23.7 3 20.9 18.6 23.2
Northern Samar 1/ 3 30.0 26.7 33.3 3 23.1 20.5 25.8 3 27.5 23.3 31.7
Sorsogon 3 24.5 21.8 27.2 3 26.2 23.1 29.2 3 29.6 26.1 33.1
Zamboanga del Sur 1/, 2/ 3 25.1 22.7 27.6 4 19.2 16.9 21.4 3 26.3 24.0 28.7
Camarines Sur 1/, 2/ 4 19.3 16.5 22.1 2 34.6 30.4 38.8 3 27.4 23.7 31.0
Cebu 1/ 4 16.5 14.9 18.1 3 26.9 24.3 29.5 3 24.9 18.7 31.1
Negros Occidental 2/ 4 18.5 15.9 21.1 3 22.3 19.5 25.1 3 28.1 24.7 31.6
Albay 2/ 4 16.0 13.9 18.1 4 18.8 16.0 21.6 3 25.3 22.7 27.9
Catanduanes 2/ 4 19.4 16.8 22.1 4 17.4 15.1 19.8 3 24.9 22.0 27.8
Isabela City 1/ 1 53.1 47.9 58.4 3 23.7 19.5 27.9 4 18.6 13.9 23.3
Surigao del Norte 2/ 2 32.4 28.8 36.0 3 27.4 23.8 30.9 4 12.5 10.4 14.7
Surigao del Sur 2/ 3 23.9 21.0 26.8 3 27.9 24.5 31.3 4 20.1 15.1 25.1

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 93

Table 15. Clustering of Provinces based on the 2023 First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families, by Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p
(where Cluster 1 indicates the bottom (poorest) cluster of provinces)

2018 2021 2023p

90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval
Province Poverty Poverty Poverty
Cluster d/ Cluster d/ Cluster d/
Incidence Incidence Incidence
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Abra 1/ 3 29.5 26.5 32.5 3 21.5 18.4 24.6 4 19.6 16.3 22.9
Davao de Oro 2/ 3 26.0 23.1 28.8 3 21.8 18.8 24.7 4 14.3 12.1 16.4
Masbate 2/ 3 29.4 26.1 32.8 3 24.8 21.9 27.6 4 18.7 15.6 21.8
Mt. Province 3 24.5 21.2 27.7 3 22.7 19.1 26.3 4 17.5 14.1 21.0
Occidental Mindoro 3 22.1 18.6 25.6 3 24.9 21.4 28.4 4 20.1 15.8 24.3
Southern Leyte 2/ 3 22.9 20.2 25.6 3 25.5 22.8 28.1 4 16.6 13.9 19.3
Antique 4 18.3 15.4 21.1 3 21.9 18.7 25.1 4 17.8 12.5 23.0
Aurora 1/ 4 16.7 14.0 19.4 3 24.0 20.7 27.4 4 19.9 16.8 23.1
Biliran 2/ 4 18.0 15.7 20.4 3 22.4 19.5 25.3 4 13.2 11.3 15.1
Isabela 1/, 2/ 4 15.6 13.3 18.0 3 20.8 17.8 23.8 4 14.0 11.6 16.3
Quezon 1/, 2/ 4 12.4 9.8 15.0 3 22.1 19.0 25.2 4 12.9 10.8 15.0
South Cotabato 2/ 4 18.9 16.4 21.5 4 19.8 17.4 22.1 4 14.0 11.9 16.1
Zambales 1/, 2/ 4 16.6 14.5 18.7 3 22.0 19.9 24.2 4 18.2 16.1 20.2
Davao del Norte 4 14.5 12.1 17.0 4 13.6 11.3 15.9 4 14.5 11.2 17.7
Iloilo 4 15.9 13.9 17.8 4 18.3 16.0 20.7 4 18.1 15.6 20.5
Marinduque 1/, 2/ 4 14.2 12.1 16.4 4 18.7 16.1 21.3 4 14.6 12.4 16.8
Misamis Oriental 4 18.6 17.0 20.2 4 19.0 17.1 21.0 4 18.1 16.3 20.0
Oriental Mindoro 4 13.0 10.8 15.3 4 16.6 13.6 19.5 4 19.1 16.1 22.2
Palawan 1/ 4 11.3 9.5 13.2 4 16.0 13.7 18.3 4 17.0 14.2 19.8
Bulacan 1/ 5 4.9 3.7 6.1 4 14.9 12.7 17.1 4 16.2 12.9 19.5
Nueva Ecija 1/ 5 10.5 8.8 12.2 4 17.0 14.1 20.0 4 12.5 10.1 14.9
Pangasinan 1/ 5 10.6 8.8 12.4 4 18.6 16.2 20.9 4 18.5 15.2 21.7
Capiz 1/, 2/ 5 5.8 4.6 7.1 5 9.5 7.5 11.4 4 14.4 12.0 16.9
Davao del Sur 1/, c/ 5 10.8 8.9 12.6 5 7.9 6.7 9.2 4 19.7 9.0 30.5
La Union 1/ 5 3.7 2.6 4.8 5 10.7 8.8 12.6 4 12.5 10.2 14.8
Quirino 5 9.9 8.1 11.7 4 11.3 9.4 13.2 4 11.1 8.8 13.5
Apayao 1/, 2/, c/ 3 23.2 18.4 28.0 4 12.6 8.8 16.4 5 5.4 3.2 7.7
Camiguin 1/, 2/ 3 23.8 20.4 27.2 4 17.7 15.5 19.9 5 10.6 8.5 12.7
Aklan 2/ 4 14.7 12.2 17.1 4 18.4 15.8 20.9 5 6.2 4.9 7.5
Bataan 4 11.6 9.7 13.5 4 12.8 11.0 14.5 5 10.8 8.9 12.8
Cagayan c/ 4 15.1 12.9 17.3 4 12.9 10.4 15.4 5 8.8 4.5 13.1
Guimaras 1/, 2/ 4 12.6 10.2 15.0 4 19.0 15.7 22.3 5 8.5 6.3 10.6
Ifugao 4 15.5 12.6 18.5 4 13.7 10.7 16.8 5 10.1 8.4 11.9
Kalinga 2/ 4 12.2 10.2 14.3 4 12.1 9.7 14.5 5 6.3 4.7 8.0
Nueva Vizcaya 4 17.2 14.4 20.0 4 12.8 10.2 15.5 5 10.9 8.9 12.8
Batanes 1/, b/, c/ 4 13.5 10.9 16.0 5 7.5 4.9 10.0 5 10.0 6.6 13.4
Batangas 1/ 4 13.0 11.0 15.1 5 7.0 5.4 8.7 5 8.3 6.7 9.9
Ilocos Sur 1/ 2/ 5 8.9 7.3 10.5 4 18.0 15.5 20.4 5 9.3 7.7 11.0
Tarlac 2/ 5 10.4 8.8 12.0 4 13.2 11.3 15.0 5 9.4 7.4 11.4

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 94

Table 15. Clustering of Provinces based on the 2023 First Semester Poverty Incidence among Families, by Province: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p
(where Cluster 1 indicates the bottom (poorest) cluster of provinces)

2018 2021 2023p

90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval
Province Poverty Poverty Poverty
Cluster d/ Cluster d/ Cluster d/
Incidence Incidence Incidence
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

1st District 1/, b/, c/ 5 5.7 3.9 7.5 5 2.0 1.3 2.7 5 3.7 2.4 5.1
2nd District 2/ 5 3.5 2.7 4.2 5 3.8 3.2 4.5 5 2.6 2.0 3.1
3rd District 2/ 5 8.1 7.3 9.0 5 8.1 7.2 9.1 5 4.8 4.0 5.6
4th District 1/, 2/ 5 3.9 3.5 4.3 5 6.3 5.6 7.0 5 3.0 2.6 3.5
Benguet 5 6.1 5.0 7.1 5 7.5 6.5 8.5 5 6.4 5.2 7.7
Cavite 1/ 5 6.1 4.8 7.4 5 10.8 8.9 12.7 5 9.1 7.6 10.6
Ilocos Norte 2/, c/ 5 5.6 4.0 7.1 5 6.3 4.5 8.2 5 0.5 0.2 0.8
Laguna 1/ 5 5.0 3.7 6.4 5 10.0 7.8 12.3 5 9.5 7.6 11.4
Pampanga 1/, 2/, a/ 5 3.6 2.4 4.8 5 6.2 5.1 7.4 5 3.7 2.8 4.5
Rizal 2/ 5 4.8 3.6 6.1 5 6.1 4.7 7.6 5 8.9 7.4 10.5
Siquijor 1/, b/, c/ 5 10.0 7.4 12.6 5 4.3 2.6 6.1 5 4.6 2.9 6.2
Notes:
1/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2018 and 2021 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
2/ significant change; The increase or decrease in the poverty incidence among families between 2021 and 2023 is significant at 5% level of significance (α = 0.05).
a/ Coefficient of variation of 2018 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.
b/ Coefficient of variation of 2021 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.
c/ Coefficient of variation of 2023 poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.
d/ Variable used in the cluster analysis is the 90% confidence interval of poverty incidence among families.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 95

Table 16. First Semester Per Capita Food and Poverty Threshold, by Province and Urban/Rural Classification: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) (in PhP)
Region/Province
Urban Rural Urban Rural
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

PHILIPPINES 9,138 10,613 12,083 8,723 9,815 11,114 13,109 15,366 17,630 12,406 13,998 15,888

a/
National Capital Region (NCR) 9,848 11,609 13,061 14,102 16,625 18,704
1st District 9,848 11,609 13,061 14,102 16,625 18,704
2nd District 9,848 11,609 13,061 14,102 16,625 18,704
3rd District 9,848 11,609 13,061 14,102 16,625 18,704
4th District 9,848 11,609 13,061 14,102 16,625 18,704

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 8,732 9,897 11,445 8,608 9,771 11,165 12,501 14,074 16,269 12,338 14,008 15,838
Abra 9,093 10,599 12,355 8,648 9,999 11,612 13,021 15,178 17,693 12,384 14,319 16,630
Apayao 8,469 9,469 10,586 8,047 8,936 9,963 12,128 13,560 15,159 11,523 12,797 14,268
Benguet 8,508 9,608 11,191 8,115 9,114 10,625 12,184 13,759 16,026 11,621 13,052 15,216
Ifugao 9,377 10,523 10,934 9,037 10,072 10,444 13,428 15,069 15,658 12,942 14,423 14,956
Kalinga 8,657 9,480 10,649 8,243 8,972 10,085 12,398 13,576 15,249 11,804 12,849 14,442
Mt. Province 9,799 11,480 12,821 9,289 10,794 12,062 14,033 16,440 18,360 13,302 15,457 17,273

Region I (Ilocos Region) 9,470 11,339 12,340 8,958 10,711 11,631 13,567 16,207 17,685 12,739 15,321 16,663
Ilocos Norte 9,315 11,393 12,617 8,875 10,832 11,964 13,339 16,316 18,068 12,709 15,512 17,134
Ilocos Sur 8,725 11,965 12,578 8,306 11,367 11,919 12,494 17,134 18,012 11,894 16,278 17,069
La Union 7,914 10,044 11,962 7,579 9,592 11,381 11,333 14,383 17,131 10,854 13,736 16,298
Pangasinan 9,678 11,386 12,390 9,143 10,707 11,644 13,859 16,305 17,742 13,094 15,333 16,674

Region II (Cagayan Valley) 8,929 10,628 12,256 8,450 9,769 10,820 12,764 15,179 17,084 12,088 13,970 15,449
Batanes 14,241 12,925 13,082 13,400 12,299 12,451 20,394 18,509 18,734 19,190 17,613 17,830
Cagayan 8,890 10,059 10,562 8,475 9,510 10,010 12,731 14,405 15,125 12,136 13,619 14,335
Isabela 8,959 10,808 12,386 8,467 10,133 11,575 12,830 15,478 17,738 12,125 14,511 16,576
Nueva Vizcaya 8,779 9,257 10,195 8,321 8,749 9,655 12,571 13,256 14,600 11,916 12,529 13,827
Quirino 8,237 10,276 11,019 7,810 9,657 10,354 11,796 14,716 15,780 11,185 13,829 14,827

Region III (Central Luzon) 9,505 11,789 13,974 8,768 10,549 12,510 13,448 16,918 19,836 12,509 15,017 17,722
Aurora 8,834 11,068 11,904 8,386 10,427 11,195 12,651 15,849 17,048 12,010 14,932 16,031
Bataan 10,363 10,499 12,262 9,785 9,891 11,510 14,841 15,035 17,560 14,013 14,165 16,483
Bulacan 8,968 12,299 14,520 8,538 11,586 13,645 12,843 17,612 20,793 12,227 16,592 19,541
Nueva Ecija 8,981 10,714 12,611 8,516 10,095 11,848 12,861 15,343 18,059 12,196 14,457 16,967
Pampanga 9,162 11,941 13,525 8,698 11,211 12,694 13,120 17,100 19,368 12,456 16,055 18,179
Tarlac 8,595 10,567 12,828 8,188 9,971 12,033 12,308 15,133 18,370 11,725 14,279 17,232
Zambales 10,529 12,488 14,236 9,939 11,723 13,352 15,079 17,883 20,387 14,232 16,788 19,121

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 96

Table 16. First Semester Per Capita Food and Poverty Threshold, by Province and Urban/Rural Classification: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) (in PhP)
Region/Province
Urban Rural Urban Rural
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

Region IV-A (CALABARZON) 9,766 11,351 13,532 9,598 10,222 12,136 13,953 16,444 19,304 13,357 14,660 16,836
Batangas 11,530 11,082 12,380 10,821 10,414 11,625 16,512 15,869 17,729 15,496 14,913 16,647
Cavite 10,199 12,661 14,593 9,898 12,158 14,060 14,606 18,131 20,898 14,174 17,411 20,134
Laguna 8,180 10,982 13,518 7,760 10,309 12,692 11,715 15,727 19,359 11,112 14,763 18,176
Quezon 8,189 9,889 10,804 7,835 9,385 10,286 11,727 14,161 15,472 11,221 13,440 14,730
Rizal 9,752 10,990 13,414 9,215 10,349 12,619 13,966 15,738 19,210 13,197 14,820 18,071

MIMAROPA Region 8,093 9,346 10,909 7,960 9,018 10,464 11,658 13,262 15,609 11,413 12,979 15,151
Marinduque 8,598 10,135 11,545 8,148 9,525 10,868 12,313 14,514 16,533 11,668 13,641 15,563
Occidental Mindoro 7,636 9,644 10,297 7,244 9,080 9,713 10,935 13,810 14,746 10,374 13,003 13,910
Oriental Mindoro 8,849 9,861 11,415 8,361 9,267 10,731 12,672 14,121 16,347 11,973 13,270 15,367
Palawan 8,214 8,703 10,807 7,817 8,231 10,244 11,763 12,463 15,476 11,195 11,787 14,670
Romblon 8,715 10,221 12,271 8,273 9,654 11,545 12,480 14,637 17,573 11,847 13,825 16,533

Region V (Bicol Region) 8,619 10,284 12,155 8,292 9,607 11,297 12,397 14,697 17,413 11,897 13,689 16,080
Albay 8,922 10,091 12,735 8,440 9,484 11,945 12,776 14,450 18,236 12,086 13,582 17,106
Camarines Norte 8,745 10,210 12,185 8,396 9,691 11,546 12,524 14,621 17,450 12,024 13,878 16,535
Camarines Sur 8,326 10,381 12,140 8,042 9,908 11,517 11,923 14,866 17,386 11,516 14,188 16,493
Catanduanes 8,938 10,321 11,627 8,475 9,710 10,963 12,800 14,780 16,651 12,136 13,905 15,699
Masbate 8,266 9,296 10,317 7,865 8,803 9,760 11,837 13,312 14,774 11,263 12,607 13,977
Sorsogon 9,677 10,151 11,553 9,135 9,550 10,899 13,858 14,537 16,544 13,082 13,677 15,607

Region VI (Western Visayas) 8,316 9,468 12,391 8,326 9,449 11,602 11,947 13,593 17,705 11,972 13,480 16,527
Aklan 8,821 9,995 10,784 8,370 9,383 10,144 12,632 14,313 15,443 11,986 13,437 14,527
Antique 8,546 9,702 11,846 8,153 9,219 11,310 12,238 13,894 16,964 11,676 13,202 16,196
Capiz 7,995 9,705 11,955 7,648 9,197 11,327 11,450 13,898 17,121 10,953 13,171 16,221
Guimaras 9,311 10,260 10,851 8,800 9,669 10,252 13,334 14,692 15,539 12,602 13,846 14,681
Iloilo 9,208 10,367 12,316 8,764 9,795 11,608 13,186 14,846 17,638 12,551 14,026 16,624
Negros Occidental 8,217 9,346 12,416 7,925 8,928 11,883 11,767 13,384 17,781 11,349 12,785 17,017

Region VII (Central Visayas) 9,124 11,318 12,430 8,698 10,322 11,739 13,085 16,295 18,000 12,483 14,664 16,546
Bohol 9,126 9,761 11,017 8,789 9,286 10,535 13,069 13,979 15,777 12,587 13,298 15,086
Cebu 9,178 11,810 12,992 8,775 11,118 12,236 13,143 16,912 18,605 12,566 15,922 17,523
Negros Oriental 8,977 9,309 10,953 8,551 8,813 10,382 12,855 13,330 15,685 12,245 12,620 14,867
Siquijor 9,099 9,029 10,839 8,697 8,587 10,253 13,030 12,930 15,522 12,454 12,297 14,682

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 97

Table 16. First Semester Per Capita Food and Poverty Threshold, by Province and Urban/Rural Classification: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) (in PhP)
Region/Province
Urban Rural Urban Rural
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) 8,552 9,921 11,508 8,525 9,446 10,672 12,219 14,120 16,439 12,193 13,488 15,365
Biliran 8,834 10,603 10,455 8,383 10,013 9,901 12,651 15,185 14,972 12,004 14,340 14,178
Eastern Samar 10,137 10,532 11,532 9,854 10,128 11,099 14,516 15,082 16,514 14,112 14,503 15,894
Leyte 8,483 9,869 11,716 8,151 9,367 11,158 12,149 14,133 16,778 11,673 13,414 15,978
Northern Samar 9,188 9,666 11,001 8,817 9,184 10,456 13,158 13,842 15,754 12,626 13,151 14,973
Southern Leyte 9,285 10,659 11,704 8,834 10,075 11,090 13,297 15,264 16,760 12,651 14,428 15,882
Samar 8,104 9,178 10,472 7,823 8,762 9,969 11,605 13,143 14,997 11,203 12,548 14,277

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) 9,190 10,016 11,829 8,620 10,566 11,420 12,906 13,814 16,836 12,275 14,675 16,162
Zamboanga del Norte 9,919 12,581 13,504 9,426 11,872 12,768 14,205 18,016 19,339 13,498 17,002 18,284
Zamboanga del Sur 8,534 8,746 11,559 8,129 8,308 10,989 12,221 12,525 16,553 11,641 11,897 15,737
Zamboanga Sibugay 8,297 8,954 9,437 7,964 8,539 8,986 11,882 12,822 13,514 11,405 12,228 12,868
Isabela City 9,244 8,643 10,536 8,703 8,172 9,945 13,238 12,377 15,089 12,463 11,703 14,241

Region X (Northern Mindanao) 8,745 10,224 11,870 8,460 9,789 11,317 12,523 14,638 17,060 12,111 14,056 16,246
Bukidnon 9,121 10,275 11,575 8,728 9,752 10,944 13,062 14,714 16,575 12,499 13,965 15,673
Camiguin 9,153 10,214 11,418 8,805 9,760 10,886 13,107 14,627 16,351 12,609 13,977 15,590
Lanao del Norte 8,696 10,241 11,566 8,349 9,759 11,047 12,454 14,666 16,564 11,955 13,976 15,820
Misamis Occidental 8,705 10,871 12,714 8,345 10,323 12,102 12,466 15,568 18,208 11,950 14,784 17,330
Misamis Oriental 8,437 10,034 12,337 8,116 9,614 11,684 12,082 14,369 17,667 11,622 13,768 16,732

Region XI (Davao Region) 9,050 9,485 10,727 8,727 9,133 10,579 12,964 13,619 15,411 12,499 13,056 15,055
Davao del Norte 9,021 9,603 10,829 8,749 9,240 10,400 12,918 13,752 15,508 12,528 13,232 14,894
Davao del Sur 9,185 9,434 10,452 8,735 8,962 9,916 13,154 13,510 14,968 12,510 12,834 14,200
Davao Oriental 8,777 10,016 12,415 8,847 9,470 11,695 12,569 14,344 17,779 12,670 13,562 16,748
Davao de Oro 8,884 9,254 10,522 8,591 8,898 10,124 12,722 13,252 15,068 12,303 12,743 14,498
Davao Occidental 9,185 9,434 10,146 8,735 8,962 9,498 13,154 13,510 14,530 12,510 12,834 13,601

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) 8,775 9,689 10,501 8,123 8,922 10,089 12,664 13,868 14,961 11,640 12,881 14,465
Cotabato 8,500 10,091 11,099 8,156 9,582 10,598 12,172 14,451 15,895 11,680 13,722 15,177
Sarangani 7,927 8,754 9,975 7,610 8,340 9,475 11,352 12,536 14,285 10,898 11,943 13,569
South Cotabato 8,844 8,810 10,160 8,548 8,461 9,756 12,665 12,617 14,550 12,242 12,116 13,971
Sultan Kudarat 8,319 9,138 10,482 8,021 8,732 9,998 11,913 13,086 15,011 11,486 12,505 14,318

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 98

Table 16. First Semester Per Capita Food and Poverty Threshold, by Province and Urban/Rural Classification: 2018, 2021, and 2023 p

First Semester Per Capita Food Threshold First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold
(in PhP) (in PhP)
Region/Province
Urban Rural Urban Rural
2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p 2018 2021 2023p

Region XIII (Caraga) 8,900 9,877 10,578 8,579 9,351 10,037 12,621 14,110 15,173 12,264 13,360 14,385
Agusan del Norte 8,200 9,930 10,502 7,793 9,353 9,928 11,743 14,220 15,039 11,160 13,394 14,217
Agusan del Sur 8,762 10,143 10,447 8,384 9,592 9,907 12,548 14,525 14,960 12,006 13,737 14,187
Surigao del Norte 10,082 9,535 10,737 9,529 9,003 10,168 14,437 13,654 15,375 13,646 12,893 14,561
Surigao del Sur 8,659 9,418 10,394 8,295 8,951 9,881 12,400 13,488 14,885 11,878 12,818 14,150
Dinagat Islands 9,691 10,627 12,253 9,158 10,015 11,560 13,878 15,218 17,546 13,115 14,342 16,555

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in 9,549 10,581 11,442 9,584 9,793 10,122 13,630 14,897 16,235 13,591 13,937 14,771
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
Basilan 9,067 10,115 11,113 8,840 9,513 10,454 12,984 14,486 15,915 12,659 13,623 14,970
Lanao del Sur 10,744 10,664 12,021 10,311 10,177 11,482 15,386 15,272 17,214 14,765 14,574 16,443
Maguindanao 9,215 9,373 10,015 8,776 8,876 9,449 13,196 13,422 14,342 12,567 12,711 13,532
Sulu 10,039 11,136 10,702 9,560 10,584 10,129 14,376 15,948 15,325 13,690 15,157 14,505
Tawi-tawi 7,146 9,766 11,428 6,801 9,210 10,753 10,234 13,986 16,366 9,740 13,189 15,399
Cotabato City 10,338 11,696 13,258 9,822 11,103 12,616 14,804 16,749 18,986 14,065 15,899 18,067
Notes:

a/ NCR is grouped into the four districts: 1st District: City of Manila; 2nd District: City of Mandaluyong, City of Marikina, City of Pasig, Quezon City and City of San Juan; 3rd District: City of Caloocan, City of Malabon, City of Navotas and City of Valenzuela; and 4th District: City of Las Pinas, City of Makati City, City of Muntinlupa, City of
Parañaque City, Pasay City, Pateros and City of Taguig.
p - This is based on the preliminary results of the First Visit of the 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

Source: Philippines Statistics Authority Page 99

Glossary of Terms

Food threshold - the minimum income required for a family/individual to meet the
basic food needs, which satisfies the nutritional requirements for economically
necessary and socially desirable physical activities

Income Gap - the average income shortfall (expressed in proportion to the poverty
threshold) of families/individuals with income below the poverty threshold divided by
the total number of poor families/individuals

Note: The difference between the income gap and the poverty gap is the use of
number of poor families/ individuals as denominator for the income gap. For the
poverty gap, the total number of families/individuals is used.

Poverty gap - the total income shortfall (expressed in proportion to the poverty
threshold) of families/ individuals with income below the poverty threshold divided by
the total number of families/ individuals

Poverty incidence - the proportion of families/individuals with per capita income

less than the per capita poverty threshold to the total number of families/individuals

Poverty threshold - the minimum income required for a family/individual to meet

the basic food and non-food requirements

Note: Basic food requirements are currently based on 100% adequacy for the
Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake (RENI) for protein and energy equivalent
to an average of 2000 kilocalories per capita, and 80% adequacy for other nutrients.
On the other hand, basic non-food requirements, indirectly estimated by obtaining
the ratio of food to total basic expenditures from a reference group of families, cover
expenditures on: 1) clothing and footwear; 2) housing; 3) fuel, light, water; 4)
maintenance and minor repairs; 5) rental of occupied dwelling units; 6) medical care;
7) education; 8) transportation and communication; 9) non-durable furnishings; 10)
household operations; and 11) personal care & effects.

Severity of poverty - the total of the squared income shortfall (expressed in

proportion to the poverty threshold) of families/ individuals with income below the
poverty threshold divided by the total number of families/ individuals

Note: This is equal to the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) family of measures with

alpha = 2. It is a poverty measure, which is sensitive to the income distribution
among the poor – the worse this distribution is, the more severe poverty is.

Subsistence incidence - the proportion of families/individuals with per capita

income less than the per capita food threshold to the total number of families/
individuals

100
TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE 2023 FIRST SEMESTER
OFFICIAL POVERTY ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY

I. INTRODUCTION

The first official methodology for the poverty assessment in the Philippines was adopted
in 1987. Three major refinements in the official methodology for measuring poverty have
been made in 1992, 2003/2005/2006 and 2011.

One major feature of the first refinement in 1992 was the exclusion of alcohol, tobacco,
recreation, durable furniture, and equipment as well as other miscellaneous expenditures
in the list of basic non-food requirements considered in the determination of the poverty
line/threshold. Poverty line/threshold refers to the minimum income/expenditure required
to meet the basic food and non-food requirements.

In 2003, another improvement was introduced in recognition of the need for poverty
estimates with lower levels of disaggregation, specifically at the provincial level. Using the
same regional food bundles in the 1987 and 1992 methodologies developed by the Food
and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI), provincial food thresholds were generated using
actual provincial prices collected by then National Statistics Office, which is now part of
the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

The latest refinements in the official poverty estimation methodology were approved in
2011 through PSA Board Resolution No. 1, Series of 2017-171, Approving the
Refinements in the Official Poverty Estimation Methodology, to address some
issues/concerns raised on the estimation of food and poverty thresholds, incidence and
other measures of poverty, the relevance of official poverty statistics and the comparability
of poverty estimates across space and over time. The refinements were based on the
recommendations of the Technical Committee on Poverty Statistics (TC PovStat), who
are designated to develop/formulate the official poverty estimation methodology. To
address the comparability across space and over time, a national reference food bundle
was developed as basis for provincial food bundles. The provincial food bundles that were
adopted were subjected to the Test of Revealed Preferences, such that the food bundle
of a province will have the cheapest cost in comparison with using the bundles of other
provinces. In addition, a constant food expenditure to total basic expenditure (FE/TBE)
ratio is to be used for ten years. The PSA Board Resolution included a provision that the
methodology shall be reviewed every ten (10) years to ensure relevance and accuracy.
This methodology has been used since its approval in 2011. As of 2023, the methodology
is currently being reviewed by the TC PovStat.

In addition to the generation of full year official poverty statistics, PSA started the release
of first semester official poverty statistics in 2013 based on NSCB Board Resolution No.
8, Series of 2013 Approving the Official Methodology for the Estimation of First Semester
Official Poverty Statistics. The official poverty estimation methodology for full year poverty
statistics was adopted with January to June as the reference period, which is covered by
the first visit of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES).

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II. COMPILATION METHODOLOGY

A. Unit of Measure

1. Food threshold – in current pesos (usually, per capita or per person in the first
semester)
2. Subsistence incidence – in percent for the reference semester
3. Poverty threshold – in current pesos (usually, per capita or per person in the first
semester)
4. Poverty incidence – in percent for the reference semester

B. Coverage

1. Food threshold – national, regional, provincial (with urban-rural areas), and

highly urbanized city (HUC) level
2. Subsistence incidence – national, regional, provincial, HUC
3. Poverty threshold – national, regional, and provincial (with urban-rural areas) and
HUC
4. Poverty incidence - national, regional, provincial, HUC
5. Other measures of poverty (poverty gap, income gap, severity of poverty) -
national, regional, provincial, HUC

C. Estimation and Compilation Methodology

1. Estimation of Food Threshold

a) The use of a national reference food bundle as starting point – to enhance

comparability across space.

b) The national reference food bundle was converted to province-specific food

bundles, which were used to estimate the provincial food thresholds. These
provincial food bundles were formulated by nutritionists from the Food and
Nutrition Research Institute and were subjected to the Test of Revealed
Preferences such that the food bundle of a province will have the cheapest cost
in comparison with the bundles of other provinces. The provincial food bundles
have the following characteristics:

• Nutritionally adequate, i.e., it satisfies the 100% Recommended Energy and

Nutrient Intake (RENI) for energy and protein and 80% RENI for other
vitamins and minerals;
• Food items in the food bundle are locally available and eaten in the area (in
the province);
• Least cost in the province; and
• Visualizable (i.e., can be cooked together and fit for human consumption).

c) Sources of data:

• Provincial food bundles developed by FNRI

• Retail price surveys for the actual prices of agricultural and non-agricultural
commodities, by province from PSA
• Proportion of food bought and own-produced components from the Food
Consumption Survey, FNRI

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d) General Procedures:

• Each of the ingredients in the food bundle is priced using the available price
data (average price for January to June)
• The urban and rural food thresholds for each of the provinces, which have
bought and own-produced components, are computed.
• The provincial urban/rural annual per capita food threshold/line is computed
as:

FT = (cost per capita of the one-day food bundle) x (30.4 days/month)

x 6 months

2. Estimation of Subsistence Incidence

• Given the provincial urban-rural food threshold, the subsistence incidence

is computed as:

𝐹
𝑆 = ( ) ∗ 100
𝑛
where:

F = weighted total number of families (individuals) with semestral per

capita income less than the provincial urban-rural semestral per capita
food threshold/line

n = weighted total number of families (individuals) in the province

3. Estimation of Poverty Thresholds

a) As common practice in most countries, the non-food component is measured

indirectly due to the difficulty of determining the required bundle for the non-
food items.

b) To ensure comparability across space and over time, the ratio of food
expenditures (FE) to total basic expenditures (TBE) of a reference family
(families whose per capita income is around the food threshold) is held
constant for a certain period. The average of the nationally determined
FE/TBE ratio from the FIES in 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009, which is equivalent
to 0.6983, has been used since 2009 and still being used until 2023.

c) Sources of data:

• The 2023 Family Income and Expenditure Survey Visit 1 was conducted
in July 2023 with the reference period of January to June 2023. The total
completed samples was 171,588 families spread across 118 sampling
domains around the country. This large sample size can provide reliable
estimates at the national, regional, provincial and highly urbanized city
levels.

d) General Procedures:

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• The urban/rural provincial poverty threshold is computed by dividing
the food threshold with the FE/TBE ratio.

𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑃𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 =
𝐹𝐸
𝑇𝐵𝐸

where:

𝐹𝐸
= 0.6983
𝑇𝐵𝐸

FE = actual food expenditure of families within the +/- ten percentile band
of the subsistence incidence among families

TBE = total basic expenditure of families within the +/- ten percentile band
of the subsistence incidence among families.

TBE is an aggregate of expenditures on

• food
• clothing and footwear
• fuel; light and water
• housing maintenance and other minor repairs
• rental of occupied dwelling units
• medical care
• education
• transportation and communication
• non-durable furnishing
• household operations; and
• personal care and effects

4. Estimation of Poverty Incidence

• Given the provincial urban-rural poverty threshold, the poverty incidence is

computed as:

𝑄
𝑃= ∗ 100
𝑛

where:

Q = weighted total number of families (individuals) with semestral per

capita income less than the semestral per capita poverty threshold/line

n = weighted total number of families (individuals)

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5. Estimation of other measures of poverty such as Income Gap (I), Poverty
Gap (PG) and Severity of Poverty (SP)

Income Gap

- the weighted average income shortfall (expressed in proportion to the poverty

threshold) of families/individuals with income below the provincial urban-rural
poverty threshold.
𝑞
1 𝑍 − 𝑋𝑖
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑝 = ∑
𝑞 𝑍
𝑖=1

where:
Z = provincial urban-rural per capita poverty threshold/line
𝑋𝑖 = per capita income of the ith family
q = number of families below the poverty threshold

Poverty Gap

- the weighted total income shortfall (expressed in proportion to the poverty

threshold) of families/ individuals with income below the poverty threshold
divided by the weighted total number of families/ individuals

𝑞
1 𝑍 − 𝑋𝑖
𝑃𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑝 = ∑
𝑛 𝑍
𝑖=1

where:
Z = provincial urban-rural per capita poverty threshold/line
𝑋𝑖 = per capita income of the ith family
q = number of families below the poverty threshold
n = total number of families

Note: The difference between the income gap and the poverty gap is on the
denominator. For the income gap, the denominator is the number of poor
families/individuals. For the poverty gap, the total number of families/individuals is
used.

Severity Gap

- the weighted total of the squared income shortfall (expressed in proportion to

the poverty threshold) of families/individuals with income below the poverty
threshold, divided by the weighted total number of families/individuals
𝑞
1 𝑍 − 𝑋𝑖 2
𝑆𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑝 = ∑( )
𝑛 𝑍
𝑖=1

105
where:
Z = per capita poverty threshold/line
𝑋𝑖 = per capita income of the ith family
q = weighted total number of families below the poverty threshold
n = weighted total number of families

Measures of Precision

a. The official poverty statistics shall be released with measures of precision

such as standard errors, confidence intervals and coefficients of variation.

b. Ranking of provinces shall not be released due to overlapping confidence

intervals. Clustering of provinces based on the poverty incidence among
families shall be released instead.

III. CONTACT INFORMATION

Mr. Adrian A. Cerezo

Assistant National Statistician
Social Sector Statistics Service
[email protected]
[email protected]

Ms. Bernadette B. Balamban

Chief Statistical Specialist
Poverty and Human Development Statistics Division
Social Sector Statistics Service
[email protected]
[email protected]

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PRELIMINARY 2023 FIRST SEMESTER
OFFICIAL POVERTY STATISTICS
Philippine Statistics Authority

CLAIRE DENNIS S. MAPA, PhD

Undersecretary
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

DIVINA GRACIA L. DEL PRADO, PhD

Deputy National Statistician
Sectoral Statistics Office

ADRIAN A. CEREZO
Assistant National Statistician
Social Sector Statistics Service

POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT STATISTICS DIVISION

BERNADETTE B. BALAMBAN
Chief Statistical Specialist

TECHNICAL STAFF
Driesch Lucien R. Cortel Jayson Christ M. Conti
Dustin Adriel V. Sulat Angelie S. Camposagrado
Maxine R. Ridulme Nicole Gabrielle H. Robles
Jonathan I. Antipolo Hannah U. Custodio
Alenna Mae S. Lampitoc John Paul C. Delos Santos
Gemma L. Calbang Angelica S. Milan

The Poverty Team would like to extend its gratitude to the officials/staff of the Income and Employment
Statistics Division, Price Statistics Division, Office of the Assistant National Statistician-Social Sector
Statistics Service, Office of the Deputy National Statistician - Sectoral Statistics Office, Office of the
National Statistician, Finance and Administrative Service and Information Technology and
Dissemination Service for their assistance in the completion of this report.

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