THIRD TERM E-LEARNING NOTE SS 1

WEEKS TOPICS

1. Revision of work done in second term SS 1

2. Introduction to graphic (a) Block lettering and calligraphy lettering (b) elements of design (c) principles of
design.

3. Introduction to graphic (a) features of graphic or qualities or principles of good letters. (suitable design,
legibility of lettering, communication, colour distribution and harmony etc.

4. Introduction to graphic. Forms of advertisement (Newspaper, poster, handbill etc.

5. Textile designs: (a) textile on paper (i) Motif (ii) repeat pattern

6. Textile designs: (b) printed textile design (c) printing techniques

THEME: 2-DIMENSIONAL ARTS

7. Still life painting: (a) Characteristics of still life drawing – proportion, composition light and shade,
perspective etc. (b) objectives should be arranged reflecting cones, rectangles, squares, cubes and other
shapes.

8. Nature painting: (identification of natural objects – tree trunk, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, shell, bones
(b) characteristics proportion. Colour distribution, good use of space.

9. Life drawing and painting: (a) anatomical studies of the model with emphasis on muscles (b) sketches of
various body parts like limbs, head, torso, foot, fingers

10. (c) facts to note – proportion, space, anatomical rule, distribution of colours

11. Revisions

12. Examination

WEEK 1:

Revision of work done in Second Term

WEEK 2

TOPIC: - INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC

CONTENT:

SUB-TOPIC: Meaning of Graphic design

Graphic design is the art of communicating with visual pictures or illustrations. It is an aspect of applied art
that deals with advertisement, publicity etc.

LETTERING

Lettering is the art of writing, constructing and the arrangement of the alphabets and numerals in their
right proportion.

ORIGIN OF LETTERING

Lettering could be traced back to the early man who wrote at the walls of his caves. The Egyptians
originated more meaningful letters called the Hieroglyphics.

The Phoenicians further developed their letterings to an extent. The Greeks developed the vowel sound/
letters, that is, A, E, I, O, U. it is the Romans who developed the conventional letters from A-Z which we use
today. This is why the alphabets are simply referred to as the Roman Letters.

LETTERING

Pen or Calligraphy
letters Block Lettering

Roman Gothic Italic Text

CALLIGRAPHY LETTERING

Pen or calligraphic letters are letters freely hand written. It is the art of beautiful handwriting either in small
or capital letters. It is used in wedding cards, certificates and greeting cards.

THE PROCESS OF WRITING CALLIGRAPHY LETTERS

(i) Think and conclude on the text you are to write

(ii) With your pencil, rule across your paper faint lines to guide the movement and placement of letters.

(iii) Hold your pen lightly between your thumb and forefinger.

(iv) With a relaxed hand, deep the pen into the ink bottle to load ink.

(v) First check the quantity of loaded ink by trying it on test paper before writing on the actual surface.
(vi) Allow the nib of the pen to have a direct and complete contact with the paper surface at a reasonable angle
because the more you narrow or bend the pen nib, the bolder the impression becomes

BLOCK LETTERING

Block letters are drawn or constructed letters. It has four types namely;

Roman lettering

Gothic lettering

Italic lettering

Text lettering

(i) Roman letters: these are letters that are characterized by thick and thin strokes with serifs in form of
decoration or support. Serifs are the additional projections at the top and base of Roman letters. In roman
letters formation, vertical strokes are usually thick while horizontal strokes are thin.

(ii) Gothic or san serif letters: the Gothic letters have no serif, all strokes are of uniform thickness and it is the
simplest form of lettering. It stands erect, solid and without any tilting or bending.

(iii) Italic or cursive letters: - these are letters that slope to the right, although they are less formal and the
most popular form of handwriting.

(iv) Text or black letters: Before the advent of printing, books and scripts were written by hand. But today,
machines are invented for printing. The various styles of printed letters are known today as text lettering.
EVALUATION

1. Define graphic design.

2. What is lettering?
3. Name two types of lettering

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ___ is a kind of graphic design meant to create awareness to the public (a) design (b) public advertising design
(d) greeting cards.

2. ___ is the art of writing, constructing and arrangement of the alphabets and numerals in their right
proportion (a) lettering (b) chiaroscuro (c) sfumato (d) paper folding

3. Which of these lettering is not part of the block lettering? (a) gothic (b) roman (c) italic (d) calligraphy

4. The letter that is known for uniform body thickness is ___ (a) gothic (b) text (c) roman (d) italic

5. Another name for pen lettering is (a) hieroglyphic (b) impasto (c) serif (d) calligraphy

WEEK 3 CONSTRUCTION OF LETTERING

LETTER FORMATION

In Visual Arts, small letters are referred to as lower case letters while capital letters are referred as to upper
case letters.

(i) The complete arrangement of lower case letters within the specified lines is known as letter band.

(ii) There are four different types of lines that constitutes the letter band. They are Apex line, waist line, base
line and drop line.

(iii) All lower case letters takes their source or rests on the base line

(iv) Lower case letters that moves upwards from the base line terminates at the Apex line and and they are
called ascending letters or Ascenders (i.e.) d,f,k.

(v) Lower case letters that moves downwards from the base line stops at the drop line and they are called
Descending letters or Descenders (i.e.) y,j,p.
(vi) Some lower case letters neither move upward or downwards. They occupied the space within the waist line
and base line. They are called base letters e.g. r.a.e.o

CONSTRUCTION OF LETTERING (Practical)

1. Construct letters A-Z

2. Construct the following statements in block lettering
(a) KEEP DLHS CLEAN
(b) LEADERSHIP WITH DISTINCTION
(c) HOME OF QUALITY EDUCATION

EVALUATION

1. Construct letters A-E

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Construct letters A-Z correctly

2. Write the vision statement of Deeper High School in calligraphic letters

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVE TEST

WEEKEND ACTIVITY

(1) Produce one poster

(2) Produce two greeting cards or any card the season

PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT

Read forms of graphic advertisement (Newspaper, posters, handbills etc).

REFERENCE TEXT

New Trends and Technique of Arts for see schools book 3 by Oyedun Y.F.

WEEK 4

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

Element of design are basic ingredient and features which an artist combines to produce a pleasant and
successful work. They are line, colour, value, texture, shape and space.

(1) Line: - this is a symbol used to express or show and idea. It is an element of art which describes the distance
or gap between two points.
(2) Colour is the pigment substance used for creative art works. It is also known as Hue and it comes in
different groups. Primary, secondary tertiary, intermediate etc.

(3) Value/Tone: - this refers to the quality of brightness or darkness of colours. (i.e.) tints and shades of a
colour.

(4) Texture: - this is the surface quality of any material, it can be smooth or rough, natural or artificial.

(5) Shape/ form: - shape is the physical appearance of an object or the representation of a flat object in two
dimension bounded by a given space.

(6) Space: - this refers to the working area of an artist to place his design or objects in relation to emphasis and
proportion or it refers to the measurable distance between two objects, points or forms.

PRINCIPLES OF ART

Definition: - these are the basic guides or rules which helps an artist to use art elements to achieve
successful art work. They are proportion, rhythm, balance, dominance variety.

(1) Variety: - this principle means changing or using different motifs to make a work of art.

(2) Balance: - this refers to the even distribution of elements in a design.

(3) Proportion: - this describes the relationship and equal distribution of elements in relation to itself and
others.

(4) Dominance: - it is the scene which carries the major point of the message in the art work. This is
highlighting one part of your design to catch attention.

(5) Rhythm: - this means a flow in repetition of motif and other design elements to achieve a harmonious work
of art.

(6) Gradation: -it is the art of producing tonal value in a design.

(7) Repetition: -it is the art of repeating a particular element in a design

FORMS OF GRAPHIC ADVERTISEMENT

1. News paper advert: Newspapers as a means of advertisement is primarily meant for communication
to get information it is also called print media.
2. Posters: A poster design is a piece of bill for display in public place. The main purpose of a poster is
to communicate idea and give information to the public.
3. Hand bills: Handbills are small pamphlets used to pass information to the audience about an event.
4. Invitation cards: It is the card given to an individual to invite him/her to attend an occasion.
5. Book cover: Book cover and Jacket design serves the visual means of simple introduction to the
content of a text book, magazine or any other write up.
6. C D jackets: It is a design used to pass information to the public about the content of the Compact
Disc.
7. Banners: it is a relatively big design in flex, fabric or paper put in strategic places in the society to
inform the public about events.

FEATURES GRAPHIC DESIGN

1. Suitability
2. Legibility of lettering
3. Communication
4. Technical proficiency
5. Colour distribution and harmony
6. Colour symbolism

(i) Legibility: - this is the principle of lettering that helps the artist to make his work simple, bold and readable.
The lettering of a good poster should not be over designed.

(ii) Simplicity: - for any lettering to accomplish its purpose, it should be simple enough to be read and easily
interpreted regardless of any type of letter. Presentation should be simple enough for easy understanding
and identification

(iii) Spacing: - letters should be well spaced either spacing between letters or spacing between words.

(iv) Colour distribution: - colours used in lettering should not be more than three to avoid colour riot and
should be harmonious colours (i.e.) contrasting colours.

(v) Colour symbolism: - it is the symbolic interpretation of colour used in a design e.g blue means love etc

(vi) Technical proficiency: it is the artistic skill put in place to achieve a given design.

EVALUATION

(1) Define graphic design.

(2) What is lettering?

(3) List 5 element of art.

(4) List 5 principles of arts.

(5) List 3 principles of good lettering

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The main purpose of a poster design is ____ communicate ideas and give ____ to the public (a)
information (b) distraction (c) display (d) slogan

2. _____ is one of the qualities of a good poster (a) good illustration (b) advertising design (c) public (d)
none of the above
3. ____ is the written word in a poster design (a) picture (b) poster design (c) text (d) all of the above

4. Design in a book cover should be on the ____ hand side of a book (a) left (b) front (c) right (d) middle

5. Colour distribution in lettering should not be more than 3 to avoid ____ (a) dancing (b) colour riot (c)
legibility (d) simplicity

REFERENCE

1. Understanding Art in General Education by I.N. Uzoagba

2. New Trends and Techniques of Arts for secondary Schools book 3. By Oyedun Y.F.

WEEK 5

SUBJECT: VISUAL ART

CLASS: SSI

TOPIC: TEXTILE DESIGN ON PAPER

CONTENT:

1. Textile design on paper

2. A motif

3. Repeat pattern

Textile Design is the art of producing and decorating fabric materials through weaving, dyeing, printing and
sewing. Fabric is derived from the word fibre. Fibres are converted into yarns for weaving of cloth
materials.

It is also an aspect of craft because it is handwork which deals with co-ordination and manipulation of both
hands.

TEXTILE DESIGN ON PAPER

it involves paper works, Batik, tie and dye, Block or screen-printing. They are achieved through the use of
various elements of design like motif and colour.

To achieved the desired pattern on the material, designs are made first on paper in repeat patterns and
then transferred onto fabric planned by printing on machines, screen printing, stamping or stenciling.

Sub-Topic 2:

A motif: - Motif is a single unit of an overall pattern in textile designs. Major theme in a design or in an art
work.
Source of motif: - motif can be formed from regular and irregular shapes, abstract, artificial objects, insects,
animals, and bird.

REPEAT PATTERN

This is a design for decorating a surface by arranging elements (motifs) in a regular or formal manner.

TYPES OF REPEAT PATTERN

1. Half-drop repeat pattern: this is a repeat pattern in which the motif is repeated half way down the
sides in the vertical direction.
2. Simple repeat pattern: this is the pattern where motifs are repeated all over the format on straight
lines.
3. Full drop repeat pattern: this is the pattern in which the design unit is dropped a full imaginary box on
alternate vertical rows
4. Mirror repeat pattern: this is a pattern in which a motif is mirrored in every direction.
5. Brick repeat pattern: this is the art of placing motif in a brick laying pattern.
6. Diamond repeat pattern: this is a pattern in which motifs are arranged on diamond shape format.
7. Checkerboard repeat pattern: The motifs are arranged to follow the pattern of a draught. It has equal
square space having the motifs placed and coloured alternately in contrasted colours.
8. Ogee repeat pattern
9. Block repeat pattern

PRINTING TECHNIQUES

 Block:
 Lino cut
 Wood cut
 Yam cut
 Screen printing
 Stencil printing

EVALUATION

1. What is textile design

2. Define motif.

3. List 5 types of motif

4. What is repeat pattern

5. List 5 repeat pattern you know

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. In textile design, pattern can be made from _____ a motif (a) mosale and collage (b) paper and colour (c)
brush and wax (d) symbols and shapes

2. Textile designers always make use of principle_____ of (a) emphasis (b) proportion (c) repetition (d)
registration

3. Repeat order in pattern making include ___ (a) single repeat, straight repeat, curved repeat (b) diamond
repeat, curved repeat, half drop (c) simple repeat, half drop, mirror repeat (d) checkers board repeat,
mirror, straight repeat

4. What is the advantage of drawing motifs in stylized form by students? (a) it gives room for creative skill (b)
understand use of colours better (c) it makes them see nature the way it is (d) it motivate students

5. The following are the sources of motif except ___ (a) regular and irregular shapes (b) abstract (c) geometric
shapes (d) wall decoration

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT

Make the following repeat pattern design on paper

1. Half drop repeat pattern

2. Mirror repeat pattern

REFERENCE

1. Cultural and creative Art made easy for schools and colleges

WEEK: 6

SUBJECT: VISUAL ART

CLASS: SSI

TOPIC: STILL LIFE PAINTING (Practical)

(a) Characteristics of Still Life Drawing – proportion, composition, Light and Shades, perspective etc.

(b) Object should be arranged reflecting cones, Rectangles, squares, cubes and other shapes.

Still Life Painting:- this includes painting from household utensils (Lantern, stove, pots etc), electrical
appliances, musical instruments, mechanical objects, farming implements, among many others. It is the
drawing of man-made objects.

Characteristics of still life drawing and painting

1. Composition: - It is the basic structure of all pictorial works such as painting, graphic design, textiles etc.

i. Composition in art guides and directs the viewer’s eyes.

ii. Helps to communicate stability, beauty, violence, ugliness or sympathy.

iii. It arouse intensity or calm emotional reactions

2. Proportion: - it is the proper distribution and relationship of various elements in a design. An acceptable
proportion is often sought for sizes, colour distribution etc. In order to achieve some degree of balance and
harmony.

3. Light and shades VALUE: - it is the relative degree of lightness or darkness in a drawing or a picture.

i. Chiaroscuro: an Italian word meaning The interplay of light and shade on objects.

ii. Cast shadow: the dark area on a surface around an object that was positioned so as to prevent light from
failing on such a surface.

iii. Modelling: making a drawing to be solid through the application of light and shade.

iv. Shade: making a colour darker by adding black or a darker tone to neutralise such colour.

v. Tint: addition of white to a colour to make it lighter in value or tone.

4. Perspective is a technique which artists use to depict objects as they appear to the eye of an observer
rather than the way they really are in the physical.

Sub-Topic 2: PAINTING PRACTICAL

Objects should be arranged for practical painting class.

i. Shading techniques

ii. Proportionality

iii. Originality

iv. Good use of space

EVALUATION

1. List 5 features of still life painting

2. What is chiaroscuro?

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. When light falls directly overhead an object the shadow cast will be (a) to the right (b) in the middle (c)
underneath (d) to the left

2. A technique in art that involves making objects or scene in the distance shorter and closer together through
alteration in forms, shapes and proportion is (a) perspective (b) cartooning (c) reduction (d) foreshortening
3. An art works that can be seen only from the surface is called (a) two-dimensional art (b) three –
dimensional art (c) picture plain (d) design

4. An Italian word meaning the interplay of light and shade on objects is called (a) cast shadow (b) shade (c)
chiaroscuro (d) tint

5. The following explain composition in Art except

(a) Guides and directs the viewer’s eye

(b) Helps to communicate stability

(c) It arouse intensity

(d) A unit of design

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Produce A Still Life Painting of your choice.

REFERENCE

1. Cultural and creative Art made easy text book for schools and colleges by Ibrahim Banjoko.

WEEK 7 MID TERM BREAK

WEEK 8

SUBJECT: VISUAL ART

CLASS: SSI

TOPIC: NATURE PAINTING (PRACTICAL)

CONTENT:

(a) Identification of Natural objects Tree trunk, branches, leaves, flowers, fruit, shell, bones.

(b) Characteristics – proportion, colour – distribution, Good use of space.

Sub-Topic 1:

Nature Painting (Identification of Natural objects, tree trunk, branches, leaves, flowers, fruit shell, bones)

Nature painting: - is the term used to describe the drawing and painting of natural creatures such as plant,
animals, aquatic creatures, rocks, bones, shells etc.

N.B: Teacher should arrange natural and take the students out of the class room or studio for drawing and
painting exercise.

Considering the following during Art Appreciation

1. Proportionality

2. Colour distribution

3. Good use of space

4. Originality

Sub-Topic 2:

CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURE PAINTING

1. Proportion: in a painting exercise, this describes the relationship and equal distribution of art elements
such as space, shape, size and colours etc.

2. Colour distribution: in a painting exercise is the distribution of elements is such that equal weight is given
to all parts as much as visually possible. It brings about unity and harmony in artworks.

3. Good use of space: This can be defined as an open place, or unlimited extension in all direction. It can also
be seen as a measurable distance between two objects, forms or paint.

EVALUATION

1. Define nature Painting.

2. What are the criteria for grading nature painting?

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Which of the following is painting from nature (a) posed model (b) locker and chair (c) diverse fruits (d)
market scene

2. The following are the feature of nature painting except (a) proportion (b) colour distribution (c) good use of
space (d) colour make-up

3. A nature painting is regarded as being proportional when (a) colours are carefully applied (b) all lines neatly
drawn (c) all parts are properly related (d) when dark tones are evenly distributed

4. Light and shade are used in drawing or painting purposeful to show (a) proportion (b) skill (c) solidity (d)
beauty

5. The careful drawing or painting of much details made purposely for use in large composition is called (a)
solid painting (b) wash (c) study (d) sketch

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Draw and paint A Tree with branches.

REFERENCE TEXTS

1. Basic Terms in Visual Art by O.K. Awokoya.

2. Cultural and creative Art made easy for schools and colleges by Ibrahim Banjoko.

WEEK 9

CLASS: SS1

SUBJECT: CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS

TOPIC: LIFE DRAWING AND PAINTING (PRACTICAL)

CONTENTS:

Life drawing or painting refers to anatomical or detailed study of a whole or part of human beings. It is otherwise
known as figure drawing or painting. A person who poses for other students to draw in a practical life drawing class
is called a model.

NB: This section is a practical one. Hence, attention should be given to anatomical studies of parts of posed models
with emphasis on perspective, distribution of colors, foreshortening, light and shade etc

EVALUATION

What is life drawing?

What is the name given to a person who poses for others to draw in a life drawing class?

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT:

Produce a detailed drawing of any human part and bring to the next class.

WEEK 10
CLASS: SS1

SUBJECT: VISUAL ARTS

TOPIC: LIFE DRAWING AND PAINTING PRACTICAL (CONTINUES)

WEEK 11: REVISIONS

WEEK 12: EXAMINATION