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AWS BRAZING HANDBOOK 313

CHAPTER 15

DIP BRAZING

Prepared by:
D. Kane
ADB Industries
J. Schuster
Omni Technologies

Contents
Introduction 314
Molten-Metal
Dip Brazing 314
Chemical-Bath
Dip Brazing 314
Safety Precautions 323
Bibliography 325
Suggested
Reading List 325

Photograph courtesy of ADB Industries


314 CHAPTER 15—DIP BRAZING AWS BRAZING HANDBOOK

CHAPTER 15

DIP BRAZING
INTRODUCTION

Dip brazing (DP) is one of the oldest brazing compares to the minute amounts of flux applied per
processes. The process is comprised of two basic joint in other brazing processes. When the assembly
variations: (1) dipping or immersing the assemblies is dipped into the bath, the molten flux, usually a salt
to be brazed in a molten brazing filler metal, termed mixture, not only heats the components and brazing
molten-metal dip brazing, and (2) dipping the assem- filler metal to brazing temperature but also fluxes the
bly to be brazed into a molten salt, termed chemical- surfaces of the base metals and brazing filler metal
bath dip brazing. In both cases, the temperature of the for wetting and flow. Complex assemblies can be
bath is below the solidus of the base metal but above brazed; however, all surfaces are coated with flux,
the liquidus of the brazing filler metal. Whereas dip which must be removed before finishing and service.
brazing in molten metal is limited in application, The predominant dip brazing process is aluminum
chemical-bath dip brazing in molten salt is widely dip brazing in which molten salt serves as the flux. In
used for the brazing of aluminum, copper, and ferrous ferrous and copper-alloy dip brazing, the molten salt
alloys. generally does not have fluxing properties.

MOLTEN-METAL DIP BRAZING ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS


The advantages of chemical-bath dip brazing
Molten-metal dip brazing is used primarily in the include the following:
electronics industry to braze wire and small compo-
nents. One way to apply molten brazing filler metal 1. Strong, smooth, continuous joints are formed
from a molten bath is to coat the assembly with flux quickly;
by either dipping or spraying and then thoroughly 2. Selective brazing is practical;
drying prior to placing the assembly into the molten
3. A large number of joints in a unit may be
brazing filler metal.
brazed simultaneously;
A second method of molten-metal dip brazing
involves first immersing the assembly into a molten 4. Extremely thin gauge aluminum can be
flux bath and then into the molten brazing filler brazed;
metal. Molten flux may also be used to cover the 5. Section sizes from less than 0.002 inches (in.)
molten metal. In both of these techniques, the molten to over 2.5 in. (0.05 millimeters [mm] to
brazing filler metal flows into the assembled joints 63.5 mm) thick can be brazed;
by capillary action to produce the brazed joint, 6. Rapid and uniform heating rates are possible;
simultaneously coating all surfaces of the assembly 7. Metal surfaces are protected from oxidation
that are submerged in the molten metal. during the brazing operation by a film of salt;
8. The rate of heating in a salt bath furnace is
four to five times faster than that in an atmo-
sphere furnace. Shorter time cycles and faster
CHEMICAL-BATH DIP BRAZING heating reduce the risk of degradation; and
9. The buoyancy provided by the molten flux
A large bath or tank of molten flux is constantly minimizes the distortion or collapse of fragile
kept at brazing temperature for dip brazing. This assemblies.

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