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    Organic Chemistry Reactions

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    offerwindumaliyamogam
    This document summarizes organic chemistry reactions involving haloalkanes, haloarenes, alcohols, phenols, and ethers. It outlines methods for preparing haloalkanes from alcohols and hydrocarbons using halogenation and halogen exchange reactions. Haloarenes can be prepared from hydrocarbons using electrophilic substitution or from amines using Sandmeyer's reaction. The document then discusses nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and reactions with metals as common reactions of haloalkanes. Haloarenes are less reactive to nucleophilic substitution, but electrophilic substitution increases with electron-withdrawing groups. Methods for preparing alcohols, phenols, and ethers

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    Organic Chemistry Reactions

    Uploaded by

    offerwindumaliyamogam
    76 views9 pages
    This document summarizes organic chemistry reactions involving haloalkanes, haloarenes, alcohols, phenols, and ethers. It outlines methods for preparing haloalkanes from alcohols and hydrocarbons using halogenation and halogen exchange reactions. Haloarenes can be prepared from hydrocarbons using electrophilic substitution or from amines using Sandmeyer's reaction. The document then discusses nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and reactions with metals as common reactions of haloalkanes. Haloarenes are less reactive to nucleophilic substitution, but electrophilic substitution increases with electron-withdrawing groups. Methods for preparing alcohols, phenols, and ethers

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    ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REACTIONS

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    This document summarizes organic chemistry reactions involving haloalkanes, haloarenes, alcohols, phenols, and ethers. It outlines methods for preparing haloalkanes from alcohols and hydrocarbons using halogenation and halogen exchange reactions. Haloarenes can be prepared from hydrocarbons using electrophilic substitution or from amines using Sandmeyer's reaction. The document then discusses nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and reactions with metals as common reactions of haloalkanes. Haloarenes are less reactive to nucleophilic substitution, but electrophilic substitution increases with electron-withdrawing groups. Methods for preparing alcohols, phenols, and ethers

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views9 pages

    Organic Chemistry Reactions

    Uploaded by

    offerwindumaliyamogam
    This document summarizes organic chemistry reactions involving haloalkanes, haloarenes, alcohols, phenols, and ethers. It outlines methods for preparing haloalkanes from alcohols and hydrocarbons using halogenation and halogen exchange reactions. Haloarenes can be prepared from hydrocarbons using electrophilic substitution or from amines using Sandmeyer's reaction. The document then discusses nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and reactions with metals as common reactions of haloalkanes. Haloarenes are less reactive to nucleophilic substitution, but electrophilic substitution increases with electron-withdrawing groups. Methods for preparing alcohols, phenols, and ethers

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REACTIONS

    HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES

    METHODS OF PREPARATION OF HALOALKANES

    From Alcohols

    From Hydrocarbons

    (I) From alkanes by free radical halogenation

    (II) From alkenes

    (i) Addition of hydrogen halides


    (ii) Addition of halogens

    Halogen Exchange

    Finkelstein reaction

    Swarts reaction

    METHODS OF PREPARATION OF HALOARENES

    (i) From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution

    (ii) From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction


    EXCEPT X = I:

    CHEMICAL REACTIONS

    Reactions of Haloalkanes

    1. Nucleophilic substitution reactions

    (a) Substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2)

    (b) Substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1)

    Steps:
    2. Elimination reactions

    in dehydrohalogenation reactions, the preferred product is that


    alkene which has the greater number of alkyl groups attached to the
    doubly bonded carbon atoms.

    3. Reaction with metals

    convert them to corresponding hydrocarbons.

    Reactions of Haloarenes

    1. Nucleophilic substitution

    extremely less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions due

    Replacement by hydroxyl group


    The presence of an electron withdrawing group (-NO2) at ortho-
    and
    para-positions increase the reactivity of haloarenes.

    MECHANISM:
    2. Electrophilic substitution reactions
    3. Reaction with metals

    Wurtz-Fittig reaction

    Fittig reaction

    EXTRA

    TRICHLOROMETHANE (CHLOROFORM)
    ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

    Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

    - alcohol preparation 329 - 331

    - Phenol preparation 332

    - Chemical Reactions

    Alcohols as nucleophiles 334

    Protonated alcohols as electrophiles 334

    (a) Reactions involving cleavage of O–H bond

    1. Acidity of alcohols and phenols


    (i) Reaction with metals 335
    (ii) Acidity of alcohols 336
    (iii) Acidity of phenols 336

    2. Esterification 338

    (b) Reactions involving cleavage of carbon – oxygen (C–O) bond in alcohols

    1. Reaction with hydrogen halides 338


    2. Reaction with phosphorus trihalides 294 (Refer Unit 10, PX3
    reaction Class XII)
    3. Dehydration and its mechanism 338 - 339
    4. Oxidation 339 - 340

    (c) Reactions of phenols

    1. Electrophilic aromatic substitution


    (i) Nitration 341
    (ii) Halogenation 342

    2. Kolbe’s reaction 342 - 343

    3. Reimer-Tiemann reaction 343

    4. Reaction of phenol with zinc dust 343


    5. Oxidation 343

    - commercially important alcohols. 344

    - Ether preparation

    1. By dehydration of alcohols 345


    2. Williamson synthesis 345 - 346

    - Ether Chemical Properties

    1. Cleavage of C–O bond in ethers 347 - 348

    2. Electrophilic substitution 349

    (i) Halogenation 349


    (ii) Friedel-Crafts reaction 350
    (iii) Nitration 350

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