WEB-APPLICATION FOR DENTAL CLINIC MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM (Admin, Doctor, Patient, Receptionist)

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

T. ASVINTHRAJ

(Reg. No.: 21PMC013)

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

of the Pondicherry University

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

MADAGADIPET, PUDUCHERRY - 605 107.

JULY- 2023
SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project work entitled “WEB-APPLICATION FOR

DENTAL CLINIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (Admin, Doctor, Patient & Receptionist)”
is a bonafide record of work done by T.ASVINTHRAJ, Reg. No.: 21PMC013, of II Year / IV Semester
during the academic year 2022-2023 in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Master of Computer
Applications of the Pondicherry University.

This work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree to the
best of our knowledge.

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Dr. A. RAMALINGAM, Dr. A. RAMALINGAM,
Professor & Head, Department of Professor & Head, Department of
Computer Applications (MCA), Computer Applications (MCA),
Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engg. College, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engg. College,
Madagadipet, Puducherry - 605 107 Madagadipet, Puducherry - 605 107.

Submitted for the End Semester Viva-Voice Examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my internal guide Dr. A.

RAMALINGAM, Professor and Head of Department of Computer Applications
(MCA Programme), for his guidance and help rendered for the successful completion of
the project.

I would also like to express my deepest appreciation to my External guide, Mr.

AJITHKUMAR, for his unwavering support and assistance that greatly contributed to the
progress of my project work.

I wish to thank all the faculty members of the Department of Computer

Applications (MCA Programme), Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College for the
valuable information provided by them in their respective fields.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my respected Director Cum Principal,

Dr.V.S.K. VENKATACHALAPATHY, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College,
for having given me the opportunity to provide an infrastructure facilities project.

I also take this opportunity to thank The Management, Staffs and Nonteaching
staffs, for their contribution toward this project.

I also express my gratitude towards My Parents for their support, Motivation and
Encouragement in effectively throughout my course.

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to The Almighty from the depth of
my heart

ASVINTHRAJ.T
ABSTRACT
The Web Application for Dental Clinic Management System is a complete software
program created to automate and streamline the many activities and procedures that take place
within a dental clinic. By centralizing and digitizing important processes including patient
management, appointment scheduling, treatment planning, billing, and inventory management, it
seeks to increase the clinic's overall efficiency, accuracy, and production. Dental clinics have
historically used manual record-keeping systems and paper-based paperwork, which frequently
resulted in mistakes, inefficiencies, and delays. The Web Application for Dental Clinic
Management System addresses these issues by offering a user-friendly and intuitive interface that
enables dental staff members and professionals to efficiently manage their everyday tasks. The
system streamlines the management of patient data, including personal information, medical
history, and treatment records. This information is readily available and updated by authorized
personnel, ensuring accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, the system enables
efficient appointment scheduling, enabling staff to manage and optimize the clinic's schedule,
reducing wait times and improving patient satisfaction.

The system includes billing and invoicing functions that enable accurate and automated
invoice production based on the care given. This aids in streamlining the clinic's financial
procedures, cutting down on errors, and enhancing revenue management. Dental supplies and
equipment can be tracked and controlled using inventory management tools, assuring their
availability when needed and cutting down on waste. The management system for dental clinics
also enables the creation of numerous reports and analytics, which offer information about the
efficiency of the clinic, trends in the patient population, and financial analysis. These reports aid
in making decisions, allocating resources, and locating potential improvement areas. The dental
clinic management system, taken as a whole, provides a complete answer for the successful and
efficient management of dental clinics. It increases productivity overall by automating
administrative chores, boosting data accuracy, and it allows dental professionals to focus more on
patient care, ultimately leading to better clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
1.2 ABOUT THE PROJECT
2. PROBLEM DEFINITION AND FEASIBILITY 3
ANALYSIS
2.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
2.1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
2.1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
2.1.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM
2.2 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
2.2.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
2.2.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
2.2.3 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 12
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
3.2.1 PURPOSE
3.2.2 SCOPE
3.2.3 OVERVIEW
3.2.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS
3.2.4.1 PRODUCT FUNCTION
3.2.4.2 USER CHARACTERISTICS
3.2.4.3 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS
3.2.5 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.2.5.1 TECHNICAL ISSUES
3.2.5.2 RISK ANALYSIS
3.2.6 INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS
3.2.6.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.2.6.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.2.7 OTHER FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES

3.2.7.1 SECURITY
3.2.7.2 RELIABILITY
3.2.7.3 MAINTAINABILITY
3.2.7.4 USABILITY
4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 30
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 USE CASES AND USE CASE DIAGRAM
4.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
4.4 ACITIVITY DIAGRAM
4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM
5. SYSTEM DESIGN 36

5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
5.3 DATA DESIGN
5.3.1 E-R DIAGRAM
5.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN
6. IMPLEMENTATION 42
7. TESTING 46

7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 TEST PLAN
7.3 UNIT TESTING
7.4 INTEGRATION TESTING
7.5 SYSTEM TESTING
7.6 VALIDATION TESTING
8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 52

BIBLIOGRAPHY 54
APPENDIX A – SCREEN SHOTS 55
APPENDIX B – SAMPLE CODING 61
APPENDIX C – TECHNOLOGY/ SOFTWARE 67
APPENDIX D – LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 70
LIST OF TABLES

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 PROJECT SCHEDULING 11

2 UNIT TEST TABLE 48

3 TEST CASE FOR LOGIN 49

4 VALIDATION TEST CASE 50

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO FIGURES PAGE NO

4.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM 30

4.2 OVERALL USE CASE DIAGRAM 31

4.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 32

4.4 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 32

4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM 33

5.2 ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM 35

5.3 DATA DESIGN DIAGRAM 36

5.3.1 ER-DIAGRAM 37

5.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN 39

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

UI- User Interface

WADCMS-Web Application for Dental Clinic Management System

SDK- Software Development Kit

AOT- Ahead-Of-Time

ERP- Enterprise Resource Plan

API- Application Programming Interface

CSV- Comma Separated Value

OTP- One Time Password

UML- Unified Model Language

FCM- Firebase Cloud Messaging

DFD- Data Flow Diagram

ER- Entity Relationship Diagram

IDE- Integrated Development Environment

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

Sky Dental Clinic & Implant Center started at the year 2019, it is an initiative of
Pondicherry’s top dentistry products manufacturer. In super specialty center provide the most
up to date general, orthodontic and family dentistry”. Our hospital has grown to provide a world
class facility for the treatment of tooth loss, dental cosmetics and advanced restorative dentistry.

Sky Dental Centre was founded with the goal of integrating the best dental services
with knowledgeable, experienced experts and a focus on customer experience and life cycle.
Along with providing rapid medical attention, the objective is to raise awareness of
preventative and corrective measures. With the best infrastructure and industry-leading dental
professionals, Sky Dental Centre has now developed a strong brand experience. Diagnostics,
treatment planning for all dental issues, and preventative care are all included in the range of
services

1.2 ABOUT THE PROJECT

The main objective is to develop a web-based application named “Web-Application for

Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System (DCMS)” that covers all the aspects
of making appointment of is to provide a system which will records all the patient dental
information that will be kept in a secure database and can be easily keep track by the dentist
and dental staff.

This method enables patients to bypass lengthy lines and helps to reduce issues that can
arise when utilising a manual approach. The crucial thing is that data recording and retrieval
will be made simpler. Additionally, the patient information, patient profiles, dental operations,
etc. are all stored in this software. Dental professionals can handle patient records and
appointments using this system. Patients can choose a dentist to schedule appointments with,
submit their personal information, and update their profile. The technology is user-friendly and
can assist the clinic in managing appointments aside from that. The system aids in avoiding
scheduling overlaps. Patients can view the dentists who are available as well as their
availability and schedule appointments accordingly. Additionally, patients have the choice of a
dental operation and cancel their appointments. The system also allows dentists to log in.

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Dentists can edit their profile and view their upcoming appointments, patients etc. They can
even input the fee for a certain dental procedure.

The system also features a segment for employees. The entire system can be operated
by dental staff. The information of patients and dentists can be added or removed by dental
personnel. The log session is also seen by dental personnel. The information in the patient
records will be useful to the patient in the future and when applying for the next procedure.

Half of this project's goal is to prevent patients from feeling uncomfortable in the clinic
environment and reduce waiting times for patients. Doctor can verify pre-history of the patient
and ongoing procedure, such as the patient's health record, and can provide medication to the
patient according to the schedule of the day's programme.

In addition, nurse administration is available to keep the patient's medications in

accordance with the doctor's recommended schedule. If the patient's name is not on the
reception list, nurse administration can act as receptionist, providing appointments and
organization.

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CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

2.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Services for comprehensive dental care that provide timely, appropriate, high-quality
interventions to people who require them, while minimising resource waste and maintaining
continuity of care across sites, levels of care, and providers. Our programme has the ability to
automatically record each patient's and the doctor's information while also providing a unique
ID for each patient.

The problem in a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System refers to the
challenges and issues faced in efficiently managing various aspects of a dental clinic's
operations and patient management.

These problems can include:

• Appointment Scheduling: Difficulty organising and arranging appointments

for several patients and dentists, resulting in scheduling conflicts, protracted
wait times, and unsatisfied patients.
• Patient Records Management: Inefficient handling of patient records, which
may include medical histories, treatment plans, X-rays, and other pertinent
information, can lead to data that is disorganised, files that are lost, and patient
information that is challenging to find when needed..
• Communication and Follow-up: Inadequate channels of communication
between the dental clinic and the patients make it difficult to offer reminders,
check in on treatment plans, and give instructions for post-treatment care.
• Reporting and Analysis: Lack of reporting and analytics capabilities makes it
difficult to monitor key performance metrics, gauge clinic productivity, spot
bottlenecks, and make data-driven decisions for process improvement.

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2.1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

The method at Sky Dental Clinic & Implant Centre is entirely manual or
paper-based. In this clinic, there are numerous tasks such as patient registration, dentist-
patient consultations, and many others.

Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. Presently
all the clinics functionalities are done manually. That is if a patient wants to consult a
doctor, he can visit they’re till his chance called. This is making the person very
difficult. An Appointment are distributed directly. The main disadvantage is time
consuming. Limitation of existing system is if sum one patient loses his receipt,
difficulties to find out patient has assigned tickets. To defect this limitation, we do
computer system.

The current system works as the following:

• Patients are registered:
To register a patient, the patient must visit the dental clinic. Patient should have
related complaint about oral health
• Schedule appointment for the registered patients:
After patient is registered nurse/staff should set and tell the patient, date and time that
the patient can meet with the dentist for diagnosis and treatment.
• Complaints:
After nurse set the appointment date, patient meets with the dentist and tells complaint
that he/she have.
• Old System:
In the old system the user was maintaining the records like number of books, CD’s,
DVD’s and subscribers., Fees Detail and bill (Receipt) in the paper sheets. Hence it was
very difficult for him to keep track which Customer has been taken which cd or DVD,
what is the Bill no, etc.
• Manual entry:
The manpower required for this kind of transaction and maintenance of data is higher
than the actual requirement.

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DRAWBACK OF EXITING SYSTEM

Limited functionality: Some current systems can be missing the comprehensive

functions needed to administer a dental clinic effectively. Inadequate patient record
administration, insufficient billing and payment processing, and limited appointment
scheduling are a few examples.

User interface and usability issues: Some systems may have complicated or
confusing user interfaces that make it difficult for dental professionals to utilize and carry out
activities effectively. Ineffective usability might result in longer training sessions, mistakes,
and worker unhappiness.

Lack of integration and interoperability: In some circumstances, Web-Application

for Dental Clinic Management System s may not interoperate properly with other crucial
systems, such as electronic health records (EHRs) or dental imaging software. Due to the
absence of compatibility, human data entry, data duplication, and potential errors may occur.

Inadequate customer assistance: Dental clinics may have trouble resolving technical
problems or taking care of system-related difficulties if the system vendor does not provide
prompt and efficient customer service. This may affect patient treatment and cause operational
problems at the clinic.

Limitations on scalability: Some systems could be difficult to expand in order to meet

a dental clinic's expanding needs. The current system can have trouble managing the increased
data volume or patient load if the clinic grows or adds new services.

Security flaws: Dental clinics must prioritize data security in all healthcare facilities.
Sensitive patient data may be exposed to potential breaches or unauthorized access if the
current system is not equipped with strong security measures, such as encryption, access
controls, or regular data backups.

Cost considerations: The price of purchasing, implementing, and maintaining dental

clinic management software might vary depending on the vendor and system. For smaller
clinics with tighter finances, the price of licensing, updates, and continuous maintenance might
become a serious disadvantage.

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2.1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The issue at Sky Dental Clinic and Implant Centre that I personally identified was
inefficient patient processing and bad time management. Lack of unskilled hands handling the
drugs and other issues I identified by myself are listed below.

• Inefficient Appointment Scheduling: It's possible that the Web-Application for

Dental Clinic Management System doesn’t have an effective appointment scheduling
option. Due to disputes, long patient waits times, or double bookings, this may result in
patient discontent and lower productivity.
• Limited Patient Information Management: The system may only be able to manage
and save a limited amount of detailed patient information. It might not accurately record
medical information, treatment plans, allergies, or other crucial information, making it
difficult for dentists to deliver individualized care.
• Incomplete Billing and Payment Processing: The current system might not have
sufficient billing and payment processing capabilities. This can result in billing
mistakes, payment delays, or trouble keeping track of unpaid amounts, resulting in
financial inefficiencies and possible income loss.
• Ineffective Inventory Management: It's possible that the Web-Application for Dental
Clinic Management System 's module for inventory management isn't optimized. This
may lead to low stock levels, wasted or expired supplies, or trouble tracking and
reordering dental supplies and machinery.
• Insufficient Reporting and Analytics: The system could not have sufficient reporting
and analytics capabilities. Making educated business decisions becomes difficult in the
absence of reliable and timely reporting on key performance indicators (KPIs) including
patient volume, revenue, treatment success rates, or resource use.
• Inadequate Communication and Patient Engagement: The Web-Application for
Dental Clinic Management System might not provide effective patient communication
channels, such as appointment reminders, follow-up messages, or access to their own
information. This may prevent patients from participating in their care, resulting in
missed appointments and worse patient satisfaction.

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2.1.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The software for the WEB-APPLICATION FOR DENTAL CLINIC

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is user-friendly. The system's primary goals are to display and
assist you in gathering the majority of data regarding hospitality and services. The system is
relatively easy to implement and design. The system works in practically all settings and calls
for very little system resources.

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

• Advanced Appointment Scheduling: Introduce a user-friendly and effective module
for arranging appointments that enables patients to do so online or through mobile apps.
To limit no-shows, the system should manage conflicts, avoid double bookings, and
issue automatic reminders.
• Comprehensive Patient Information Management: Development of a solid patient
information management system that enables dentists to keep and access complete
patient data is essential for comprehensive patient information management. Include
tools for keeping track of allergies, treatment schedules, medical histories, and other
pertinent information to provide individualized care and precise treatment choices.
• Email reminder and notification message: A reminder email for the patient's
upcoming appointment as well as other types of e-mail notifications may be sent at any
time by the clinic management.
• Schedule Management for Doctors: Install a central appointment scheduler that
enables clinic staff to control and distribute appointments for each doctor. The
scheduler should make it simple to book new appointments and get a visual summary
of the available time slots and include a feature that lets clinicians specify the amount
of time between sessions in order to account for unforeseen delays, emergencies, or the
extra time required for challenging treatments. This helps avoid packed scheduling and
guarantees excellent patient care.
• User-Friendly Interface and Usability: Create a user-friendly and intuitive interface
for smooth workflow management and simple navigation. To improve the system's
usability and boost productivity, do user testing and collect clinic staff input.
The suggested Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System seeks to boost overall
efficiency, enhance patient care, and optimize clinic operations. While guaranteeing data
security and privacy, it should offer a smooth experience for both employees and patients.

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2.2 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

Feasibility analysis is an essential step in determining the viability of a project. Here

are some key factors to consider when conducting a feasibility analysis for a Web-Application
for Dental Clinic Management System.

Evaluate the technical requirements for the project such as the software and hardware
needs, the development costs, and the technical expertise required to build and maintain the
Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System. Analyse the market demand for a
Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System, the target audience, and the
competition. Determine if the product is unique and if there is a need for it in the market. Assess
the financial viability of the project, including the expected revenue, the costs associated with
building and maintaining the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System, and the
potential return on investment. Ensure that the online test tool complies with all relevant laws,
regulations, and ethical standards. This includes data privacy and security regulations,
copyright laws, and other intellectual property rights. Examine the operational feasibility of the
project by assessing how the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System will fit
into the current operations of the organization, the potential impact on other systems, and the
availability of resources such as staff and equipment. Consider the social impact of the Web-
Application for Dental Clinic Management System, including its potential effects on the user
experience, accessibility, and inclusivity.

2.2.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

An important consideration in the feasibility study for the Web-Application for Dental
Clinic Management System project is operational feasibility. It entails determining whether the
app can be created and run within the organization's current infrastructure and resources.

It is extremely challenging to manage and update a vast amount of information in the

current manual system. The system's development got underway as a result of a request made
by the management of the relevant business. It is certain that the system built is operationally
practical because it will manage requests better and make the process simpler. Potential
customers of our system receive dependable services, but they must be comfortable utilizing
the program. This will promote cost savings and benefit growth for the students.

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• Infrastructure: To support its development and operation, the web application needs
the proper infrastructure. Servers, storage, network connection, and other IT hardware
are included in this. The firm must assess whether it already has the required
infrastructure or whether it needs to buy or improve that infrastructure.
• Resources: A lot of time, money, and staff are needed for the web application's creation
and maintenance. Analysing if the organization has the required resources or whether
it needs to devote more funds to the project is crucial.
• Scalability: In order to support potential expansion and shifting business requirements,
the web application should be scalable. It is vital to assess whether the web application
can handle greater data volumes and scale to support additional usage.
In general, the operational feasibility analysis for a Web-Application for Dental Clinic
Management System project includes assessing the technical know-how, infrastructure, and
resources of the business, as well as its interaction with current systems and scalability. The
business may make sure it has the infrastructure and resources required to create and run the
web application by completing a complete operational feasibility analysis.

2.2.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This assessment focuses on the technical resources available. It helps to determine

whether the technical team is capable of converting the ideas into working systems. It also
involves evaluation of the hardware, software and other technology requirements of the
proposed system.

Hardware Specification:

• Processor: i3 2nd gen (3M cache memory, 3.30GHz)

• Ram: 4GB(SRAM)
• Storage: 512GB (HDD (hard Disk drive)
Software Specification

• Operation System: Window 7, Window 10, Window 11

• Language: PHP version 8.2, HTML, CSS, WORDPRESS
• Database: MySQL Server version 5.6
• Web server: Apache version 2.4.57
• Scripting Language Enable: JavaScript

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2.2.3 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

A Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System 's financial viability is

evaluated using the economic viability study. It entails weighing the potential benefits and
financial returns that the system can produce against the expenses related to its development,
deployment, and maintenance. Key factors for the economic feasibility investigation include
the following:

• Cost Analysis: Development Costs: Calculate the expenses related to creating the
Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System, including those for software
creation, customisation, and system integration.
• Costs of Hardware and Infrastructure: Consider the costs of purchasing new
hardware, servers, networking tools, and other infrastructure required for system
deployment. Calculate the expenditures of initial training sessions, as well as ongoing
assistance and education, for teaching clinic employees to use the new system. Costs
associated with system maintenance, bug patches, upgrades, and continuous technical
support, including any license or subscription fees, should be taken into account.
• Risk Evaluation: Determine any potential dangers and ambiguities that might affect
the project's ability to make money, such as alterations to the law or the state of the
economy. Analyse risk reduction techniques and take into account any potential effects
on project costs and gains.
Decision-makers can determine the financial sustainability and possible return on investment
of establishing a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System with the aid of a
thorough economic feasibility analysis. It makes it possible to allocate resources and make
well-informed decisions to guarantee the project's financial success.

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PROJECT SCHEDULING

Project scheduling is a crucial aspect of project management that involves creating a

timeline and allocating resources to complete project tasks within a specific timeframe.
Effective project scheduling helps ensure that all project activities are well-coordinated,
dependencies are managed, and deadlines are met.

DATA TABLE 2.2.3: PROJECT SCHEDULING

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CHAPTER 3

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for the Web-Application for Dental
Clinic Management System provides a detailed description of the system's functionality,
features, and constraints. This document serves as a foundation for the development and
implementation of the system, ensuring a clear understanding of the project's objectives and
scope. The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System aims to streamline clinic
operations, enhance patient care, and improve overall efficiency. This section provides an
overview of the document and outlines its purpose.

The SRS document would typically include an introduction section, which provides an
overview of the project, its purpose, and the intended audience. For the Financial management
project, the introduction would provide a brief description of the tool, its goals, and the target
audience. It would also provide a summary of the requirements and outline the scope of the
project.

Overall, the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project’s software
requirements specification document would be a crucial tool for the development team. In order
to ensure that the project is built to satisfy the needs and expectations of the satisfaction users,
it would present a clear and precise list of requirements.

3.2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Requirement analysis is an important part of the software requirements specification
(SRS) process, as it involves identifying, analysing, and documenting the specific needs and
expectations of the project stakeholders. The entire list of functional and nonfunctional criteria
is presented in this section. As they relate to the entire system, functional needs are given first.
After the functional requirements, the non-functional needs are listed.

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Functional Requirements:

Functional Requirements defines what the system must do. It defines the
behaviors or functions of a system, flows, business rules and other requirements of a
system along with its output. The functional requirements are discussed below:
• The users must login/register into the system.

• A user shall be able to search the appointments lists for all clinics.

• The system shall generate each day, for each clinic, a list of patients who are
expected to attend appointments that day.

Non-functional Requirements:
Non-functional requirements specify the characteristics of the system. It includes all of
the criteria that are still unmet and are not addressed by functional requirements. The dental
website is simple to use and operates without sacrificing performance. Some of its
characteristics include scalability, dependability, user-friendliness, maintainability, and
usefulness.

• Usability: There is a consistency in all the modules and webpages. To ease the
navigation there is a back tab to provide access to previous page. There is proper
instruction on each page.
• Reliability: Each data record is stored on a well-built efficient database schema. There
is no risk of data loss. The internal evaluation of data is well coded.
• Supportability: The system is well built to support any machine. Maintainability of
the system is easy.
• Performance: In order to ease the accessibility, the types of expenses are categorized
along with an option to name on the own. Throughput of the system is increased due to
light weight database support.
• Availability: The system is available all the time, no time constraint

3.2.1 PURPOSE
The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project’s goal is to create
and put into use a comprehensive software solution that simplifies and enhances dental clinic
management and operations. The initiative intends to improve overall clinic performance and

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patient care by addressing the difficulties and inefficiencies brought on by manual and paper-
based operations. The project to develop a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management
System has the following main goals:

• Efficiency and Productivity: The system attempts to automate a number of

administrative operations and duties, including appointment scheduling, patient
record administration, billing and invoicing, inventory management, and
reporting. The solution increases operational effectiveness, decreases human
errors, and frees up time for clinic staff by digitizing and streamlining key
operations. This improves overall productivity and frees up clinic employees to
devote more time to patient care.
• Patient Management and Care: The initiative aims to raise the standard of
patient care by better managing patient information. The system makes accurate
and current information readily available by centralizing and digitizing patient
records, including medical histories, treatment plans, and appointment
information. This makes treatment planning easier, lowers the chance of
mistakes, improves communication among dental experts, and guarantees a
smooth patient experience.
• Appointment Scheduling and Resource Optimization: The system intends
to provide effective appointment scheduling capabilities, making the best
possible use of clinic resources and averting scheduling disputes. It makes it
convenient for patients to schedule appointments and makes it easier for clinic
personnel to schedule, manage, and assign appointments. The strategy increases
the use of the time and knowledge of dental professionals while minimizing
waiting periods and ensuring prompt access to care.
• Reporting and Analytics: The system has strong reporting and analytics
features that provide insightful data on clinic performance, patient trends,
resource usage, and financial indicators. Dental practitioners and clinic
management can make data-driven choices, pinpoint areas for improvement,
and keep track of the clinic's overall performance by creating reports and
displaying data.
• Billing and Financial Management: The project intends to improve the
efficiency of the dental clinic's billing and financial management procedures.
The system streamlines the processing of insurance claims by automating

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invoice generation, keeping track of patient payments and unpaid balances, and
integrating with insurance systems. The solution contributes to the optimization
of revenue production and financial operations by increasing billing accuracy,
decreasing administrative workload, and simplifying streamlined financial
management.
The Dental Clinic Administration System project's overall goals are to increase operational
effectiveness, enhance patient care and happiness, maximize resource usage, simplify financial
administration, and offer insightful data for wise decision-making. In order to benefit both the
dental clinic and its clients, the project intends to convert manual and paper-based operations
into a digital and integrated solution.

3.2.2 SCOPE

The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project scope covers the
parameters and goals of the project and specifies which features and capabilities will be present
in the system. The system's ability to support and automate different clinic operations and
patient management tasks is described. The scope clarifies expectations for all parties involved
and aids in efficiently managing project requirements. The following are the main elements
that fall under the purview of the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System
project:

1.Appointment Scheduling:
• The technology will offer a convenient online platform for patients to
make appointments.
• The scheduling, rescheduling, and cancellation of appointments may all
be viewed and managed by clinic employees.
• Double bookings and schedule problems will be prevented by the
system.

2. Patient Information Management:

• For the storage and management of patient records, the system will
provide a centralized, secure database.
• Patient demographics, medical history, treatment plans, allergies, and
other pertinent data will be recorded.

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• Based on a variety of criteria, clinic staff can easily search and retrieve
patient records.

3. Reporting and Analysis:

• The program will create and handle invoices for rendered dental
services.
• It will compute and keep tabs on patients' unpaid balances.
• Options for handling online payments will be provided by the system.
• There will be integration with insurance systems for filing and paying
claims.

4. Access control and user roles:

• Different user positions, including dentists, receptionists, administrators,
etc., will be available in the system.
• Users will only be able to access information that is pertinent to their
responsibilities thanks to access control methods

The project's scope for the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System
includes the aforementioned functionalities, and it may also contain more features depending
on the demands of various stakeholders and unique requirements. To ensure project success,
manage expectations, and deliver a system that effectively satisfies the clinic's objectives, it is
crucial to establish the scope explicitly.

3.2.3 OVERVIEW
The goal of the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project is to
create and put into use a comprehensive software system to simplify and enhance dental clinic
management and operations. The project's main goals are to improve patient care, automate
numerous administrative duties, and maximize clinic efficiency. For appointment scheduling,
patient information administration, billing and payment processing, inventory management,
reporting, and analytics, the system will offer a centralized platform.

The project to develop a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System seeks
to increase operational effectiveness, enhance patient care and happiness, maximize resource

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usage, simplify financial management, and offer insightful data for strategic planning. The
project aims to convert manual and paper-based processes into an integrated, user-friendly, and
secure software solution by digitizing and automating clinic operations.

3.2.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS

The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project is a software
system created to simplify and enhance a dental clinic's management and operations. With
different functions to improve clinic efficiency, patient care, and administrative activities, it
attempts to replace manual and paper-based operations with automated and integrated ones.

The system includes a number of modules that deal with various facets of clinic
management. It has functions including scheduling appointments, managing patient
information, processing bills and payments, managing inventories, reporting, and analytics.
Together, these modules offer a complete response to the clinic's operational requirements.

Patients may easily make appointments online or using mobile applications thanks to
the appointment scheduling feature. The ability for clinic employees to view and manage
appointments promotes effective scheduling and prevents conflicts. To reduce no-shows,
patients can receive automated reminders. A centralized database for securely storing and
managing patient records is provided by the patient information management module.
Important patient information is recorded, including demographics, medical history, treatment
goals, and allergies. Quick access to patient data, enhanced treatment planning, and improved
interprofessional communication are all made possible by this module. The development and
maintenance of dental service bills are automated by the billing and payment processing
module. It keeps tabs on unpaid amounts and gives patients access to online payment choices.
The submission and reimbursement of claims are streamlined through integration with
insurance systems, which lightens the administrative burden.

The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project also places a
strong emphasis on data security and adherence to pertinent laws like HIPAA. To protect
patient information, the system includes secure user authentication, data encryption, and access
controls.

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The overall goals of the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System
project are to improve administrative effectiveness, optimize clinic operations, and improve
patient care. The solution enables better resource management, faster workflows, and increased
patient satisfaction by automating tasks, centralizing information, and offering analytical
insights.

3.2.4.1 PRODUCT FUNCTION

The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System 's objective is to automate
the existing manual system with the help of sophisticated computer software and computerized
tools, addressing their needs, in order to store their crucial data and information for a longer
period of time with easy access. The following are the main features that Web-Application for
Dental Clinic Management System Application normally provides:

• Appointment Scheduling:
➢ Allow patients to conveniently book appointments using an online platform.
➢ Give clinic workers a calendar view so they can organize and distribute
appointments effectively.
➢ Avoid schedule problems and multiple bookings.
➢ Patients should receive automatic email or SMS appointment reminders.
• Patient Registration and Information Management:
➢ the gathering and archiving of patient data on demographics, contacts, and
medical history.
➢ Permit the personnel of the clinic to build and modify patient profiles.
➢ To facilitate access and retrieval, keep all patient records in one single database.
➢ Make it possible to quickly search and filter patient records based on several
factors.
• Treatment Planning and Documentation:
➢ Give dentists the tools they need to design treatment programs and record the
actions taken for each patient.
➢ Organize treatment records, medical diagnosis, and prescription drugs.
➢ By making patient treatment information accessible, you may encourage dentist
teamwork.

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• Reporting and Analysis:
➢ Create reports on the operation of the clinic, patient data, financial status, and
resource use.
➢ Provide data visualizations using dashboards, graphs, and charts.
➢ Provide user-definable reports that can be customized.
➢ Make data-driven judgments by analysing patterns, locating potential
improvement areas, and so on.

3.2.4.2 USER CHARACTERISTCS

For many dentists who desire to operate their clinic more efficiently, Web-Application
for Dental Clinic Management System s are helpful. Here are a few user traits that are
frequently linked to the use of

1. Dentists and dental professionals:

• The system's main users are dental professionals and dentists.
• They need access to patient records, treatment records, and modules for
treatment planning.
• They must be able to update patient data, record procedures, and monitor the
course of treatment.
• Dentists could also need reporting and analytics tools to examine patient data
and keep an eye on clinic efficiency.

2.Front desk personnel and receptionists:

• The management of appointments and patient interactions is mostly dependent
on receptionists and front desk personnel.
• To successfully manage and distribute appointments, they need access to the
appointment scheduling module.
• They must organize follow-up appointments, view and update patient
information, and issue appointment reminders.
• Additionally, billing and invoicing responsibilities, such as handling insurance
claims, may fall under the purview of receptionists.

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3. Clinic Administrators and Managers:
• Dental clinic managers and administrators are in charge of the facility's overall
success.
• To track key performance indicators (KPIs), they need access to robust reporting
and analytics functionalities.
• They must produce financial reports, monitor revenue, and evaluate resource
usage.
• The configuration of the system, as well as the setting of user roles and access
restrictions, may involve administrators and managers.

3.2.4.3 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS

Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System application design and
development may be impacted by a number of general restrictions. These restrictions include,
among others:
• Time Constraints: The system's development and implementation could be
subject to time restrictions. To guarantee that the project moves forward in a
timely manner, deadlines and milestones must be established.
• Budgetary Restrictions: During the planning and execution phases of the
project, it may be necessary to take into consideration budgetary restrictions. It
is important to take into account the costs of software development, hardware
infrastructure, training, and continuous maintenance.
• Regulatory Compliance: The Web-Application for Dental Clinic
Management System must comply with all applicable laws, rules, and
guidelines, including security standards, medical record keeping requirements,
and data protection legislation (such as GDPR and HIPAA). Data storage,
access restrictions, and system security may be subject to extra restrictions as
a result of compliance with these requirements.
• Compatibility: The system must be able to work with the dental clinic's current
hardware and software. Compatibility difficulties should be resolved as
integration with other systems, such as electronic health records (EHRs) or
billing systems, may be required.

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• Scalability: The system ought to be built to grow with the dental clinic. It
should be capable of managing rising patient numbers, more employees, and
growing services without noticeably degrading or disrupting performance.
• Usability: Both employees and patients should have no trouble using and
understanding the system. Users should be able to navigate and do activities
effectively with little training thanks to a well-designed interface.
• Reliability and Performance: System performance and dependability are
crucial if you want to reduce downtime and give users a seamless experience. It
should be able to manage multiple users at once, handle appointments, and
provide reports without experiencing any major delays or technical difficulties.
• Technical Constraints: During the development and implementation of the
system, technical issues such as hardware and software requirements, network
infrastructure, and compatibility with operating systems and web browsers must
be taken into account.
To ensure the successful design, implementation, and operation of the Web-Application
for Dental Clinic Management System, these restrictions should be carefully evaluated and
addressed throughout the project lifecycle.

3.2.5 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Functional Requirements defines what the system must do. It defines the
behaviors or functions of a system, flows, business rules and other requirements of a
system along with its output. The functional requirements are discussed below:
• The users must login/register into the system.

• A user shall be able to search the appointments lists for all clinics.

• The system shall generate each day, for each clinic, a list of patients who are
expected to attend appointments that day.

3.2.5.1 TECHNICAL ISSUES

Management system for a dental clinic Numerous technological problem that an
application may have can have an impact on how well it functions and performs. The following
are some typical technical problems:

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• System Integration Challenges: It can be difficult to integrate the Web-
Application for Dental Clinic Management System with current systems like
electronic health records (EHRs) or billing systems. Data synchronization,
mapping, and compatibility problems may occur, necessitating careful planning
and cooperation.

• Data Migration: It can be difficult technically to move patient data from

outdated systems to the new management system. It can be difficult to ensure
data accuracy, maintain data integrity during the transfer process, and
appropriately map data fields.

• Performance and Scalability: The Web-Application for Dental Clinic

Management System must be able to handle the anticipated demand without
degrading performance because it is utilized by several users at once. To provide
a stable system performance, scalability factors including database
optimization, effective query execution, and load balancing are crucial.
• Security Vulnerabilities: The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management
System needs to have strong security measures in place because protecting
patient data is so important. Security flaws, such as illegal access, data breaches,
or flaws in the infrastructure or software, might, nonetheless, provide serious
concerns. To mitigate such risks, thorough security testing and adherence to
recommended standards are required.
• User Interface and Experience: The success of the system depends on the
design of an intuitive and user-friendly interface. Inconsistent user interfaces,
sluggish reaction times, or challenges navigating and carrying out activities are
a few examples of technical concerns that may affect the user interface and user
experience. To solve these problems, usability testing and iterative design
improvements are required.
• System Reliability and Availability: To reduce downtime, the Web-
Application for Dental Clinic Management System needs to be very dependable
and available. Hardware breakdowns, network outages, and system crashes are
examples of potential technological problems. To ensure system dependability,
it's crucial to implement redundancy measures, carry out routine system
maintenance, and have backup and recovery procedures in place.

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• Software Compatibility: The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management
System may need to function with a range of operating systems, web browsers,
and hardware setups. It might be difficult to ensure compatibility across many
platforms and versions since some features might operate differently or run into
compatibility problems. To solve these problems, extensive testing and
adherence to compatibility guidelines are required.
• System Updates and Maintenance: It's critical to keep the Web-Application
for Dental Clinic Management System updated with the most recent security
patches, bug fixes, and software versions. However, system changes could
break existing functionality or cause compatibility problems. To reduce
disruptions, upgrades must be carefully planned and tested, and change
management procedures must be strong.
• Data Backup and Recovery: Technical problems with data backup and
recovery, such as incomplete backups, corrupted data, or challenges restoring
data, can occur. To reduce the risks of data loss, regular, secure backup
mechanisms must be implemented, and data recovery procedures must be
tested.
• Technical assistance and Training: It's crucial to provide users with adequate
technical assistance and training. Users should immediately report any technical
concerns, including hardware malfunctions, software bugs, and system faults.
Additionally, offering thorough user manuals, training materials, and support
channels can aid users in successfully navigating technical obstacles.
To ensure the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System runs smoothly
and performs at its best, these technological concerns should be anticipated and handled
during the system's development, implementation, and continuing maintenance.

3.2.5.2 RISK ANALYSIS

Identifying potential risks and vulnerabilities that could have an impact on the
functionality and security of the application is a crucial step in the development of a Web-
Application for Dental Clinic Management System. Here are a few concerns to think about
throughout the risk analysis process:
• Breach of Data Security: The possibility of unauthorized access, data loss, or
breaches of data might jeopardize patient confidentiality and go against legal

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standards. This risk may result in financial losses, legal repercussions, and
reputational harm.
• System downtime: unexpected system failures, network problems, or hardware
problems can cause protracted downtime, which can affect patient care and
interfere with clinic operations. Patient unhappiness, lost revenue, and potential
legal liability are all outcomes of this risk.
• Lack of User Adoption: There is a danger of low user adoption if the Web-
Application for Dental Clinic Management System is not user-friendly or does
not match users' needs. As a result, there may be reluctance to change, decreased
productivity, and even project failure.
• Challenges with integration: There is a chance of compatibility problems, data
discrepancies, and data flow interruptions when integrating the Web-
Application for Dental Clinic Management System with current systems, such
as EHRs or billing systems. This may have an effect on patient care
coordination, operational effectiveness, and data accuracy.
• Scope Creep: The progressive development of project needs beyond the
original scope is a danger associated with scope creep. Delays, higher expenses,
and perhaps compromised system performance and quality are all possible
outcomes of this.
• Regulatory Compliance: Violations of regulations, such as those governing
data protection or medical record-keeping standards, may result in fines, legal
repercussions, and reputational harm. This risk underlines the importance of
constant compliance monitoring and adherence to relevant laws.
• Project Management Issues: Issues with project management can cause
project delays, budget overruns, and subpar quality because of inadequate
project planning, poor communication, or resource limitations. This risk has the
potential to affect the project's overall success and its capacity to live up to
stakeholder expectations.
• Changes in Technology: Rapid technological improvements can create hazards
linked to obsolescence, compatibility problems, and the requirement for
ongoing system upgrades. A system that is out of date and less competitive can
be the results of failing to adapt to evolving technological developments.

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It's critical to have a thorough risk management plan that covers risk avoidance,
mitigation, and contingency planning in order to reduce these risks. Throughout the course of
a project, regular risk assessments can aid in identifying developing hazards and enable prompt
risk response and mitigation measures.

3.2.6 INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS

To provide a convenient and effective user experience, interface requirements are

crucial for a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project. To consider are
the following important interface requirements:
• User Interface That Makes Sense: The system should have a user interface
(UI) that makes sense and is simple to use. Users should be led rationally
through the layout's many features by clear labelling, visual cues, and an
orderly layout.
• Design for Responsiveness: The user interface should be flexible and
responsive to many screen sizes and platforms, such as desktop computers,
tablets, and mobile phones. Users may now smoothly access the system from
many platforms and engage with it thanks to this.
• Role-Based Access: Depending on user roles and permissions, the interface
should offer various levels of access and capability. Access requirements and
roles inside the system may differ for dentists, hygienists, receptionists, and
administrators.
• Communication Tools: To promote communication between staff members
and with patients, the interface should contain communication features like
messaging or alerting systems. This can be done through secure messaging for
questions or instructions, appointment reminders, and follow-up notifications.
• Help and Support: The interface ought to offer easily available help and
support materials, such as tooltips, user manuals, or contextual assistance. A
support person or ticketing system should also be accessible to quickly respond
to user questions or technical problems.
• Options for customization: The interface should be adaptable to the particular
requirements and preferences of the dental clinic. This can involve modifying
settings, creating custom dashboards, or customizing templates for reports or
treatment plans.

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The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System may provide a user-
friendly and effective experience for staff members and patients by incorporating these
interface criteria, boosting productivity and satisfaction.

3.2.6.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

The standard input devices like keyboard and mouse are to get input. The outputs
are generated and displayed on the screen.
• Processor: i3 2nd gen (3M cache memory, 3.30GHz)
• Ram: 4GB(SRAM)
• Storage: 512GB (HDD (hard Disk drive)

3.2.6.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The Software May wants Some Requirements for Execution of The Project. The
Software Requirements are,
• Operation System: Window 7, Window 10, Window 11
• Language: PHP version 8.2, HTML, CSS, WORDPRESS
• Database: MySQL Server version 5.6
• Web server: Apache version 2.4.57
• Scripting Language Enable: JavaScript
3.2.7 OTHER FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES

Other Functional Requirements define system properties and constraints it arises

through user needs, because of budget constraints or organizational policies, or due to the
external factors such as safety regulations, privacy registration and so on.

Some of the Other Functional Requirements are:

• Security
• Reliability
• Maintainability
• Portability
• Extensibility
• Extensibility
• Re-usability

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• Application Affinity/Compatibility
• Resource Utilize

3.2.7.1 SECURITY
A popular cloud-based security and performance service called Cloudflare provides a
number of capabilities to improve website security. Here are a few security advantages that
Cloudflare offers:
• DDoS Protection: Cloudflare offers robust protection against Distributed
Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. It leverages its vast network infrastructure to
absorb and mitigate volumetric attacks, preventing them from reaching your
website.
• Web Application Firewall (WAF): Cloudflare's WAF provides protection
against common web application vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, cross-
site scripting (XSS), and malicious file uploads. It helps block malicious traffic
and ensures the security of your website.
• SSL/TLS Encryption: Cloudflare offers SSL/TLS encryption for websites,
ensuring secure communication between the website visitor and the server. It
encrypts data transmission and helps protect sensitive information, such as login
credentials or personal data, from unauthorized access.

Although Cloudflare offers strong security protections, it's vital to remember that these
features must be configured and implemented correctly in addition to any other security
precautions you may have in place. Working closely with your web development and security
teams is advised to ensure that your website has a thorough and customized security approach.

3.2.7.2 RELIABILITY
Reliability is a critical aspect of Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management
System , as it ensures that the application performs consistently and accurately, without crashes
or data loss. Here are some of the factors that contribute to the reliability of Web-Application
for Dental Clinic Management System:
• Data Integrity: The application must ensure the integrity of the financial data
entered by users, preventing data loss or corruption. This can be achieved
through data validation and error checking, ensuring that data entered by users
is accurate and consistent.

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• Backup and Recovery: The application must have a robust backup and
recovery system to ensure that users' financial data is not lost due to device
failures or other technical issues. This can be achieved through regular backups
and cloud storage, ensuring that users can recover their data even if their device
is lost or damaged.
• Performance: The application must perform consistently and quickly, without
delays or crashes. This can be achieved through careful optimization of the
application's code and server infrastructure, ensuring that the application can
handle high traffic volumes and user requests.
• Security: The application must be secure, protecting users' financial data from
unauthorized access or breaches. This can be achieved through the use of
encryption, two-factor authentication, and other security measures, ensuring
that users' data is protected from potential threats.
• Testing: The application must be rigorously tested to ensure that it performs
reliably across different devices and platforms. This can be achieved through
the use of automated testing tools and manual testing by a team of quality
assurance professionals.

Overall, these elements support the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management
System dependability, guaranteeing that users can rely on it to maintain their patient data
accurately and consistently.

3.2.7.3 MAINTAINABILITY
The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System Project’s maintainability
is a crucial component. It relates to how easily the system can be updated, maintained, and
improved over time. The following are some crucial factors to ensure maintainability:

• Modular and Modularized Design: The system should be created utilizing a

modular and modularized architecture, in which the roles and boundaries of
the various parts or modules are clearly defined. Individual modules can now
be updated and maintained more easily without affecting the system as a
whole.

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• Code Quality and Documentation: Writing clear, well-organized, and legible
code is essential for maintainability. So is proper documentation. Coding best
practices, such as appropriate naming conventions, comments, and
documentation, make the software easier for future developers to comprehend
and alter.
• Test Coverage and Automation: A thorough test suite that includes unit tests,
integration tests, and regression tests ensures the system's dependability and
stability. Continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines and
test automation frameworks can speed up testing and identify potential
problems early.
• Scalability and Flexibility: When the system is designed with scalability and
flexibility in mind, it is simpler to react to shifting requirements or rising user
loads. This includes the capability to change or add new features without
suffering a great deal of interruption or rework.
• Monitoring and Feedback Mechanisms: Mechanisms for Monitoring and User
Feedback: Implementing monitoring tools and obtaining user feedback enables
the system to be improved continuously. Monitoring user behaviour,
performance indicators, and user satisfaction enables the identification of areas
that need improvement or maintenance.
You can support easier maintenance, updates, and future enhancements and create a
system that is more dependable and sustainable in the long run by giving maintainability a
high priority throughout the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project.

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CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The creation of a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System depends

heavily on system analysis. In order to streamline clinic operations and enhance patient care, it
entails a detailed analysis of the current procedures, the identification of requirements, and the
design of an effective system. The system analysis procedure for a Web-Application for Dental
Clinic Management System project is described in the following manner:

• Understanding the Current Workflow: The system analysis starts with a

thorough understanding of the procedures and workflow that are currently in
place at the dental office. Interviewing employees, watching them perform their
duties, and documenting the current manual or digital processes are all part of
this approach.
• Finding Challenges and Pain Points: The goal of the analysis is to locate
problems, obstacles, and inefficiencies in the current system. This can involve
problems with scheduling, keeping track of patients' medical histories, billing,
managing inventory, or communicating.
• Gathering Requirements: System analysts talk to important stakeholders, such
as dentists, hygienists, receptionists, and administrators, to obtain requirements
for the new Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System. These
specifications cover everything from functional needs and performance
expectations to security requirements and system integration.
• Use Case Modelling: Use case modelling involves identifying the various
actors (users) interacting with the system and the specific actions they perform.
Use cases capture the functional requirements of the system, such as scheduling
appointments, managing patient records, generating invoices, and generating
reports.
• Documentation: Throughout the system analysis process, documentation is
crucial to capture the findings, requirements, design decisions, and any
assumptions made. Documentation serves as a reference for the development
team, stakeholders, and future maintenance activities.

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4.2 USE CASES AND USE CASE DIAGRAM

Use case diagram is representation of user’s actions or interaction with system which
can perform in collaboration with one or more external users of the system. In this application,
the super admin adds and manages the admins, the added admins will then add manager, course
and packages then access the records and certificates, the manager then manages the learner
and access records and certificates, the learners view course details, purchase the package, take
exams and then access records.

Fig 4.2 USER CASE DIAGRAM

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Fig 4.2 OVERALL USER CASE DIAGRAM

32
4.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

The figure below is the sequence diagram for Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management
System. A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence.

Dental Dental
Patient Staff Dentist Procedure

1. Login()

2. Provides Available Schedule()

3. Takes Appointment()

5.Confirms Appointment() 4. Grant Appointment()

6. Consults Dentist() 7. Operates Dental Procedure()

8. Patient Treated ()

Fig 4.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

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4.4 ACITIVITY DIAGRAM

FIG 4.4 ACITIVITY DIAGRAM

34
4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM
A class diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modelling Language) diagram that illustrates
the structure of a system by modelling the classes, their attributes, methods, relationships, and
dependencies. It provides a static view of the system and helps in visualizing the objects and
their interactions within the system.

FIG 4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM

35
CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Various administrative and operational procedures within a dental clinic can be

streamlined and automated with the use of a software program called the Web-Application for
Dental Clinic Management System. It attempts to improve the administration and coordination
of clinic resources as well as the effectiveness, accuracy, and general quality of services offered
to patients.

Dental clinics encounter many difficulties in properly managing their business

operations in the current fast-paced healthcare sector. Traditional paper-based systems and
manual processes frequently cause mistakes, inefficiencies, and delays in providing medical
care. Therefore, implementing a thorough management system for a dental clinic can
significantly increase the clinic's production and patient happiness.

By providing patients with online scheduling alternatives, decreasing the likelihood of

missed appointments, and maximizing the use of resources, dental clinics can use this system
to streamline their appointment booking process. Additionally, patient records can be
digitalized and safely kept, making it simple to retrieve crucial data including medical histories,
treatment schedules, and diagnostic tests.

The technology also enables smooth communication between dentists, dental

hygienists, and other staff members involved in patient care, as well as treatment planning. It
facilitates effective coordination and guarantees that all required actions and follow-ups are
duly planned and monitored.

Additionally, clinics can track and manage dental supplies thanks to inventory
management features, making sure that all of the necessary supplies and tools are constantly
on hand. By reducing the likelihood of stockouts and optimizing inventory levels, this reduces
costs and improves patient care.

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5.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

The system architectural design is shown below:

FIG 5.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

The architectural design of the system as shown above describes the view,
models, behavior, and structure of the overall system. The system follows a 3-tier
architecture which is composed of presentation tier, logical tier and data tier and for
this, we have used MVC pattern.

37
5.3 DATA DESIGN

5.3 ZERO LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

5.3 FIRST LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

38
5.3 SECOND LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

5.3.1 E-R DIAGRAM

The database's actual design is depicted in an ER-diagram. The E-R diagram

is used to illustrate the connections between several existent entities. To map out the
information flow of the system, ER are also used in conjunction with Data Flow
Diagrams (DFDs).

user_name fname mname

id

pas sword
email lname

user_ty pe
user 1 has dentist address
1

id
phone
user_name is_acti ve
user_name 1

gender speci alist

End_ti me
has
M
id ti metable
user_name Start_ti me

dob
Day
fname
patient user_name
1 has
M
mname
patient_id
M
patient_note
lname
address doctor_note
phone gender Doctor_id
appointment
Day
id

Ti me
finished
ty pe
cancelled

FIG: 5.3.1 E-R DIAGRAM

39
FIG: 5.3.1 E-R DIAGRAM

5.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN

When designing the user interface (UI) for a Web-Application for Dental Clinic
Management System application, it is essential to prioritize simplicity, usability, and an
intuitive user experience. The UI should be specifically tailored for computer devices,
considering the larger screen size. Clear navigation, with a simple menu structure and easily
accessible features, is crucial. Role-based dashboards should be created to provide personalized
information and quick access to relevant features. Consistency in design and branding helps
create a cohesive and recognizable experience. Forms and inputs should be intuitive, with clear
labels and validation to guide users. Utilizing computer interactions enhances usability, while
visual hierarchy and information layout improve readability and comprehension. Responsive
design ensures the application adapts to different devices. Feedback and confirmation messages
provide users with immediate responses to their actions. Usability testing with representative
users should be conducted to identify areas for improvement and enhance the overall user
experience. By considering these factors, the UI design of a school management web
application can be user-friendly, visually appealing, and efficient in supporting users' tasks and
goals.

40
FIG5.4:USER INTERFACE

41
CHAPTER 6
IMPLEMENTATION
A theoretical idea must be implemented in order to become a working system. The most
crucial phase in creating a new successful system and giving users faith in the new system's
ability to operate effectively and efficiently. Only after comprehensive testing and confirmation
that the system performs as planned may it be implemented.

MODULES:

• Admin
➢ Doctors Schedule
➢ Human Resources
➢ User Permission Manage
➢ List of Doctors
➢ Payment gateway
➢ Website Manage
➢ Subscription Manage

• Doctor
➢ Doctors Schedule View
➢ Attendance and leave
➢ Prescription Manage
➢ Lab report create
➢ File manager
➢ Patient Appointment Timeline

• Patient
➢ Appointment Create
➢ Prescription View
➢ Online Payment
➢ Patient Notice Board
➢ Lab report view

42
• Receptionist
➢ List of Patient
➢ Appointment Timeline Chart
➢ Attendance & Leave
➢ Lab Report Manage
➢ File Manager
➢ User activity report
➢ Notice board

1. ADMIN MODULE:

FIG 6.1: ADMIN PANEL

A strong and highly privileged user account with extensive authority and
oversight over the entire system is the admin job in the Web-Application for Dental
Clinic Management System. the supreme administrator as the proper and competent to
perform in the application.

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2. DOCTOR MODULE:

FIG 6.2: DOCTOR PANEL

The doctor module can view a patient’s medical history, current treatments, and
ongoing care. The doctor is also a super admin. He or she has access to tools for
successful provider collaboration, such as appointment scheduling, patient consultation
and treatment planning, medical record management, prescription administration,
referral management, and communication tools.

3. RECEPTIONIST MODULE:

FIG 6.3 RECPETIONIST PANEL

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The front desk operations and administrative chores of a dental clinic are made
easier by the Receptionist module in a management system for dental clinics. It acts as
a focal point for organizing staff meetings, scheduling appointments, responding to
patient questions, and keeping track of patient records.

Appointment scheduling: Depending on the patient's availability and the dentist's

schedule, the receptionist can make, amend, and cancel appointments for them. A
graphic calendar interface is frequently included in the module to manage several
appointments effectively.
Patient registration: By logging personal information, contact information, medical
history, insurance information, and any other pertinent data, the receptionist can
construct and update patient profiles. When required, this information may be quickly
and securely accessed.

4. PATIENT MODULE:

FIG 6.4: PATIENT PANEL

The patient module allows users to schedule appointments and manage tasks
such patient registration, appointment scheduling, medical history capturing, treatment
planning, prescription administration, and billing.

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CHAPTER 7
TESTING

7.1 INTRODUCTION
In order to ensure software quality, testing is essential. Design and requirement flaw
also show up in the code as a result of the constraints of the verification techniques used in
the earlier phase. In addition to the faults introduced during the coding phase, testing is
employed to find these issues.

FIG:7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 TEST PLAN

A test strategy offers a direction for implementing software testing. This section
outlines the general testing approach and the project management concerns necessary to run
tests effectively. The testing plan includes multiple test phases, with start and finish dates listed
for each.

Testing is the process of dissecting a software product to find discrepancies between

current and desired circumstances and to assess the software product's features. The purpose of
a Software Test Plan (STP) is to specify the scope, methodology, resources, and timetable for
all testing operations.

The plan must specify the components and features that will be tested, the testing
methodologies to be used, the persons responsible for conducting the testing, the resources and
timetable needed to complete the testing, and more.

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An essential step in the software development process is the testing phase. The
posterized system will assist in automating the process of identifying faults and missing
operations as well as a thorough verification to ascertain whether the goals are achieved and
the needs of the users are met.

Four steps are involved in software testing listed below:

➢ The first includes unit testing, where in each module is tested to provide its correctness,
validity and also determine any missing operations and to verify whether the objectives
have been met. Errors are noted down and corrected immediately. Unit testing is the
important and major part of the project. So, errors are rectified easily in particular
module and program clarity is increased. In this project entire system is divided into
several modules and is developed individually. So, unit testing is conducted to
individual modules.
➢ Integration testing is done in the second step. It need not be the case; software whose
components perform flawlessly when run separately will also perform flawlessly when
run collectively. Under this large module, the smaller modules are snipped, retested,
and their outcomes validated. This is a result of subpar interface design, which could
lead to data loss throughout an interface. A module could unintentionally have a
negative impact on another module or the global data structures, which would be quite
problematic.

➢ To assure the functionality, performance, and reliability of the Web-Application for

Dental Clinic Management System, stringent verification and validation procedures are
used during system testing. It comprises performance testing, user acceptance testing,
integration testing, and unit testing. A sturdy and error-free system that satisfies the
demands and expectations of the dental clinic is ensured by thorough testing.

➢ Validation testing is a crucial phase in software development where the Web-

Application for Dental Clinic Management System is thoroughly tested to ensure it
meets the specified requirements and functions correctly. This testing verifies the
system's accuracy, reliability, and compliance with standards, ensuring a robust and
error-free solution for effective dental clinic management.

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7.3 UNIT TESTING

Unit testing is an important part of the software development process, and can help to
ensure the quality and reliability of a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System
project. To create effective unit tests for a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management
System project, you may follow these general steps:

➢ Identify the functions and features of the app that need to be tested: This may
include features such as expense tracking, budget management, and reporting.
➢ Write test cases for each function or feature: Test cases should be designed to
cover all possible scenarios and inputs, and should be designed to detect errors
and edge cases.
➢ Create a testing environment: This may involve setting up a separate test
environment that mimics the production environment, or using a testing
framework that allows for automated testing.
➢ Run tests and analyse results: Run the tests and analyse the results to identify
any errors or issues that need to be addressed. Fix any errors and re-run the tests
to ensure that they pass.
➢ Document test results: Document the results of the tests, including any issues
that were identified and how they were resolved.

SN Test Case Test Input test

Expected Actual Remarks
Id description data Result Result
1 TC-01 Install Transfer
Open Application Pass
DCMS DCMS application executed
application application
with its with home
home page page
TABLE7.3: TEST CASE FOR INSTALLATION

SN Test Case Id Test Input test Expected Actual Remarks

description data Result Result
1 TC-01 Enter valid ADMIN Show home Displayed pass
data in LOGIN page for home page
username ********* user for user
and ADMIN ADMIN
password PAGE
field

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TABLE7.3: TEST CASE FOR LOGIN

SN Test Case Test Input test Expected Actual Remarks

Id description data Result Result
1 TC-01 doctor Enter the Appointme Appointme Pass
booking data of nt nt
appointmen users successful successful
t
2 TC-02 Dr siva Enter the Appointme Appointme Pass
appointmen data of nt nt
t booking users successful successful
TABLE7.3: TEST CASE FOR APPOINTMENT BOOKING

7.4 INTEGRATION TESTING

The Integration testing part of a testing methodology is the testing of the different
modules/components that have been successfully unit tested when integrated together to
perform specific tasks and activities. The test is often done on both the interfaces between the
components and the larger structure being constructed, if its quality property cannot be assessed
from its components. After integrating the requirements, we tested it, it was fine and
satisfactory.
S.N Test Test Description Input Test Expected Actual Remarks
Case Data Result Result

1 T-01 Visit View available Display Display Pass

information available available
DCAS site
information information
2 T-02 Login Fill username Redirect to Display the Pass
and password concern user concern
dashboard dashboard
3 T-03 Bill Fill and Click Display bills Get Bill Pass
Print bill
4 T-04 Appointment User fill the Appointment is Appointment Pass
appointment created is Schedule

TABLE 7.4: INTERGRATION TEST CASE

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7.5 SYSTEM TESTING

System testing in a Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System involves

testing the application as a whole to ensure that all the integrated components and modules
work together seamlessly. It focuses on evaluating the application's functionality, performance,
security, and usability in a real-world environment. Assess the performance of the application
by measuring its response time, load handling capacity, and scalability. Test the application
under various load conditions to ensure it performs well and responds quickly, even with
multiple users accessing it simultaneously. Validate the compatibility of the application with
different computer devices, operating systems, and versions. Test the application on popular
web platforms and screen resolutions to ensure it functions properly and maintains a consistent
user experience across different devices.

Test the web application's behaviour under different network conditions, including different
connection speeds (3G, 4G, Wi-Fi) and network interruptions. Validate that the application
gracefully handles network issues and recovers without data loss or disruption. Conduct
security testing to identify and address any vulnerabilities that could compromise the security
of the school management application. Test the authentication and authorization mechanisms,
data encryption, and user access controls to ensure that sensitive data is protected and
unauthorized access is prevented. The purpose is to identify any defects, errors, or
inconsistencies that may arise due to the interaction of different modules or components within
the system.

The end-users, such as administrators, teachers, students, and parents, are involved to conduct
user acceptance testing. Feedback is gathered from the users to assess the application's
usability, functionality, and overall satisfaction. Incorporate user feedback to make necessary
improvements and validate that the application meets their expectations.

7.6 VALIDATION TESTING

Validation testing is a type of testing that verifies that the input provided by the user is
validated and processed correctly. In the context, validation testing can help to ensure that user
input is properly validated before being used by the application.

50
SN Test Case Id Test Input test Expected Actual Remarks
description data Result Result
1 TC-01 Enter valid ADMIN Show home Displayed pass
data in LOGIN page for home page
username ********* user for user
and ADMIN ADMIN
password PAGE
field

TABLE7.6: VALIDATION TESTING

Fig7.6: VALIDATION TESTING

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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
The trend of software development has grown in the contemporary environment thanks
to the development of information technology. In order to keep up with the times, internships
give postgraduate students a gateway into the working world where they can study and gain
experience. Working under pressure has been adapted to successfully through internship.
Meeting deadlines has been made easier by tackling urgent and immediate bugs while working
with many features in a single week-long sprint. The technical duties carried out throughout
the internship have assisted the intern in strengthening their software development and
debugging abilities. The Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System project
provides a thorough and effective response to the difficulties dental clinics experience in
running their businesses. The technology helps clinics deliver top-notch dental care while
maximizing resource use by automating administrative activities, strengthening patient
management, improving treatment planning, and streamlining financial operations. This
system's deployment can greatly increase efficiency, precision, and patient happiness, making
it a priceless resource for contemporary dentistry clinics.

Including for the future treatment, as well as to do research from the data that had
kept in the database system as this system will be used for the dental management, the dental
industry will soon be a high standard industry, which all the process will be done through the
computer and specified system.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Future consideration for the Web-Application for Dental Clinic Management System
project may include the following prospective developments:

• Integration with Electronic Health Records (EHR): By integrating the

system with EHR platforms, patient data may be easily shared between various
healthcare providers, fostering greater collaboration and continuity of care.

• Telemedicine Integration: Integration of telemedicine capabilities enables remote

consultations and follow-ups, enhancing access to care for patients who might find it

challenging to physically attend the clinic.

52
• AI-Assisted Diagnosis: Dental diagnostics and image analysis using artificial
intelligence algorithms can help dentists make precise diagnoses, plan effective
treatments, and make tailored recommendations for patient care.
• Insurance Integration: By automating the insurance claims process and
integrating with insurance systems, billing and reimbursement are made simpler, which
lowers administrative costs and boosts financial efficiency.
• Equipment and Inventory Integration: Integration of Equipment and
Inventory: By automating inventory management, maintenance planning, and dental
supply reordering, the system may be integrated with dental equipment and inventory
management systems to ensure optimal clinic operations.

53
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PHP , WORDPRESS& SQL BOOK REFERENCE

1. Learning PHP, MySQL & JavaScript Robin Nixon 5th edition O′Reilly
2. The Joy of PHP Alan Forbes 6th edition BeakCheck LLC
3. PHP for the Web Larry Ullman 5th edition Peachpit Press
4. WordPress for Beginners 2020 Dr Andy Williams
5. WordPress complete 2019 karol karl

Websites Referred
1. www.google.com
2. www.ask.com
3. www.codeproject.com

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APPENDIX A – SCREEN SHOTS

A [1] DOCTORS LIST

A [2] PATIENT DOCUMENT LIST

55
A [3] PATIENT PAYMENT

A [4] ALL APPOINTMENT DASHBOARD

56
A [5] DOCTORS DASHBOARD

A [6] ADD NEW PATIENT

57
A [7] PATIENT DATABASE

A [8] PAYROLL

58
A [9] ATTENDANCE

A [10] TIME SCHEDULE

59
A [11] NOTICE BOARD

A [12] CHAT

60
APPENDIX B – SAMPLE CODING

<link href="common/extranal/css/superadmin/superadmin.css" rel="stylesheet">

<section id="main-content">
<section class="wrapper site-min-height">
<!-- page start-->
<section class="panel">
<header class="panel-heading">
<?php echo lang('superadmin'); ?>
<div class="col-md-4 no-print pull-right">
<a data-toggle="modal" href="superadmin/addNewView">
<div class="btn-group pull-right">
<button id="" class="btn green btn-xs">
<i class="fa fa-plus-circle"></i> <?php echo lang('add_superadmin'); ?>
</button>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</header>
<div class="panel-body">
<div class="adv-table editable-table ">
<div class="space15"></div>
<table class="table table-striped table-hover table-bordered" id="editable-
sample">
<thead>
<tr>
<th><?php echo lang('image'); ?></th>
<th><?php echo lang('name'); ?></th>
<th><?php echo lang('email'); ?></th>
<th><?php echo lang('address'); ?></th>
<th><?php echo lang('phone'); ?></th>
<th class="no-print"><?php echo lang('options'); ?></th>
</tr>

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</thead>
<tbody>

<?php foreach ($superadmins as $superadmin) { ?>

<tr class="">
<td class="td_img"><img class="img_src" src="<?php echo
$superadmin->img_url; ?>"></td>
<td> <?php echo $superadmin->name; ?></td>
<td><?php echo $superadmin->email; ?></td>
<td class="center"><?php echo $superadmin->address; ?></td>
<td><?php echo $superadmin->phone; ?></td>
<td class="no-print">
<?php if ($superadmin->id != 12) { ?>
<a type="button" class="btn btn-info btn-xs btn_width" data-
toggle="" href="superadmin/editSuperadmin?id=<?php echo $superadmin->id; ?>" data-
id="<?php echo $superadmin->id; ?>"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i></a>

<a class="btn btn-info btn-xs btn_width delete_button"

title="<?php echo lang('delete'); ?>" href="superadmin/delete?id=<?php echo $superadmin-
>id; ?>" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this item?');"><i class="fa
fa-trash"></i> </a>
<?php } ?>
</td>
</tr>
<?php } ?>

</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- page end-->
</section>

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</section>
<!--main content end-->
<!--footer start-->

<!-- Add Superadmin Modal-->

<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"
aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-
hidden="true">×</button>
<h4 class="modal-title"> <?php echo lang('add_superadmin'); ?> </h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form role="form" action="superadmin/addNew" class="clearfix" method="post"
enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('name'); ?></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" value=''>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('email'); ?></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="email" value=''
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('password'); ?></label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" name="password"
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('address'); ?></label>

63
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="address" value=''
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('phone'); ?></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="phone" value=''
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('image'); ?></label>
<input type="file" name="img_url">
</div>

<div class="form-group col-md-12">

<button type="submit" name="submit" class="btn btn-info pull-right
row"><?php echo lang('submit'); ?></button>
</div>

</form>

</div>
</div><!-- /.modal-content -->
</div><!-- /.modal-dialog -->
</div>
<!-- Add Accountant Modal-->

<!-- Edit Superadmin Modal-->

<div class="modal fade" id="myModal2" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"
aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-
hidden="true">×</button>

64
<h4 class="modal-title"> <?php echo lang('edit_superadmin'); ?> </h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form role="form" id="editSuperadminForm" class="clearfix"
action="superadmin/addNew" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('name'); ?></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" value=''
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('email'); ?></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="email" value=''
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('password'); ?></label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" name="password"
placeholder="********">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('address'); ?></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="address" value=''
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('phone'); ?></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="phone" value=''
placeholder="">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo lang('image'); ?></label>
<input type="file" name="img_url">
</div>

65
<input type="hidden" name="id" value=''>

<div class="form-group col-md-12">

<button type="submit" name="submit" class="btn btn-info pull-right
row"><?php echo lang('submit'); ?></button>
</div>

</form>

</div>
</div><!-- /.modal-content -->
</div><!-- /.modal-dialog -->
</div>
<!-- Edit Event Modal-->

<script src="common/js/codearistos.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">var language = "<?php echo $this->language; ?>";</script>
<script src="common/extranal/js/superadmin.js"></script>

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APPENDIX C – TECHNOLOGY/ SOFTWARE

PHP:

PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more people
found out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in
1994.

PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".PHP is a server side

scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content,
databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites.

It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL,

Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.

PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache

module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very complex
queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.

PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP.
PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA),
making n-tier development a possibility for the first time. PHP is forgiving: PHP language
tries to be as forgiving as possible. PHP Syntax is C-Like.

Common uses of PHP

PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read,
write, and close them.
PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, through email you can
send data, return data to the user. You add, delete, modify elements within your database
through PHP. Access cookies variables and set cookies. Using PHP, you can restrict users to
access some pages of your website. It can encrypt data.

Characteristics of PHP
Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible

• Simplicity
• Efficiency
• Security
• Flexibility
• Familiarity

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WORDPRESS:

WordPress is a popular content management system (CMS) that allows users to create
and manage websites with ease. It was initially developed as a blogging platform but has
evolved into a versatile CMS used by millions of individuals, businesses, and organizations
around the world. Here's an overview of WordPress and its key features:

• User-Friendly Interface: WordPress provides a user-friendly interface that makes

website creation and management accessible to users of all skill levels. Its intuitive
dashboard allows users to easily navigate through different sections and perform tasks
such as adding or editing content, installing themes and plugins, and customizing site
settings.

• Themes and Templates: WordPress offers a wide range of themes and templates that
enable users to customize the design and layout of their websites. Themes control the
visual appearance, including colors, fonts, and page structure, while templates
determine the layout of specific pages. Users can choose from thousands of free and
premium themes, or create their own custom themes.

• Plugins and Extensions: WordPress has a vast ecosystem of plugins and extensions
that extend its functionality and enable users to add specific features to their websites.
These plugins cover various aspects such as SEO optimization, e-commerce
integration, contact forms, security enhancements, social media integration, and much
more. With the right plugins, users can customize their websites to suit their specific
needs.

• Content Creation and Management: WordPress offers a powerful content creation

and management system. Users can create and publish different types of content,
including blog posts, pages, images, videos, and more. The built-in editor provides a
familiar word-processing interface with formatting options, media insertion, and the
ability to schedule posts for future publication.

• SEO-Friendly: WordPress is known for its search engine optimization (SEO)

capabilities. It generates clean and SEO-friendly code, which helps search engines

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crawl and index the website more effectively. Additionally, there are numerous SEO
plugins available that provide additional optimization features, such as XML sitemaps,
meta tags management, and content analysis tools.

SQLDATABSE:

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used for managing and
manipulating relational databases. An SQL database is a software system that uses SQL as its
primary language for managing and interacting with data. It provides a structured and
organized approach to store, retrieve, and manage large amounts of information.
Here are some key points about SQL databases:

• Structure: SQL databases are based on a relational model, where data is organized into
tables consisting of rows and columns. Each table represents an entity or concept, and
the columns define the attributes or properties of that entity.
• Data Manipulation: SQL databases allow you to perform various operations on the
data. The most common operations include inserting new records into tables, updating
existing records, deleting records, and querying data to retrieve specific information.
• Data Integrity: SQL databases enforce data integrity rules to ensure the accuracy and
consistency of data. Constraints such as primary keys, foreign keys, and unique keys
are used to maintain referential integrity and prevent invalid or duplicate data from
being inserted into the database.

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APPENDIX D – LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

UI- User Interface

JIT- Just in Time

SDK- Software Development Kit

AOT- Ahead-Of-Time

ERP- Enterprise Resource Plan

API- Application Programming Interface

CSV- Comma Separated Value

OTP- One Time Password

UML- Unified Model Language

FCM- Firebase Cloud Messaging

DFD- Data Flow Diagram

ER- Entity Relationship Diagram

IDE- Integrated Development Environment

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