Sentence Structure PAC

Chapter 8: Sentence Structure

WORKSHEET 1 Sentences and Fragments

A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete
thought. A sentence always begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, a question
mark, or an exclamation point. If a group of words does not express a complete thought, it
is a fragment, or a piece of a sentence.
FRAGMENT: the Isthmus of Panama
SENTENCE: The Isthmus of Panama connects North and South America.
Exercise A On the line provided, identify each of the following word groups as a
sentence (S) or a fragment (F).
EXAMPLE: 1. ---
F Books by my favorite author, Willa Cather.
L Willa Cather was born ip Back Creek Valley in northern Virginia.
2. In 1883, when she was nine years old.
___ 3. Her family moved to the treeless prairie of Nebraska.
4. Fascinated by the wild and rolling plains.
5. She tracked buffalo and collected prairie flowers.
6. Listening to the stories of neighboring settlers.
7. They told memora_ble tales about the harsh struggles of the homesteaders.
8. After she graduated from high school in the village of Red Cloud, Nebraska.
9. Red Cloud still has buildings that would have been familiar to Willa Cather.
___ 10. The Opera House at the end of the street where Cather and her class
graduated in 1890.
Exercise B On the lines provided, identify each of the numbered word groups in the
following paragraph as either a sentence (S) or a fragment (F).
EXAMPLE: [1] Red Cloud is near the Kansas-Nebraska state line. S
[1] In college� Willa Cather discovered her talent for writing. ___ [2] Contributing ..

stories and reviews to local newspapers in Lincoln, Nebraska. [3] At first, her writing
failed to reach a wider audience outside her region. ___ [4] After some years as a
schoolteacher and a magazine editor in New York City. ___ [5] She succeeded in
establishing herself as a writer. ___ [6] Although Cather enjoyed living in New
1.:'......
York. ___ [7] She never lost touch with the sights and sounds of her childhood. ___
[8] In her first novel, 0 Pioneers! ___ [9] She describes how farmers turned the unruly
plains into orderly fields of wheat and corn. ___ [10] In a later novel, My Antonia, the
immigrant neighbors of her childhood play prominent roles. ___
WORKSHEET 2 Subject and Predicate

A sentence consists of two parts: the subject and the predicate. The subject is the part that
names the person or thing spoken about in the rest of the sentence. The subject may come
at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the sentence. The predicate is the part that
says something about the subject. A subject and a predicate may be one word each or more
than one.
SUBJECT: The police on the island of Tobago once rode bicycles.
PREDICATE: The police now drive air-conditioned sedans.
Exercise A Underline the subject once and the predicate twice in each of the following
sentences.
EXAMPLE: 1. The silver-white metallic element, platinum, occurs
worldw:ide.
1. The discovery of platinum has been credited to people from a variety of countries.
2. Spanish explorers in search of gold supposedly discovered this precious metal in
the rivers of South America.
3. However, they considered it a worthless, inferior form of silver.
4. Their name for platinum was platina, meaning "little silver."
5. Back into the river went the little balls of platinum!
6. The platinum might then become gold, according to one theory.
7. Europeans later mixed platinum with gold.
8. This mixture encouraged the production of counterfeit gold bars and coins.
9. Platinum commands a high price today because of ifs resistance to corrosion.
10. Such diverse products as jet planes and jewelry require platinum in some form.
Exercise B Complete each of the following sentences by adding a predicate to the

subject or a subject to the predicate. Then, underline the subject once and the predicate
twice. · ·
EXAMPLE: 1. One of the horses has escaped from the corral.
1. The last Tuesday of each month ________________-,.-_____

2. ------�--------------went to New York City to see a play.
3. The surf ________________--,--______________
4. 0
_______' _·" ----C--------�----- climbed the high ciiffs.
5. The students in our school _________________________
Complete Subjects
and Simple Subjects
WORKSHEET3
The simple subject is the main word or group of words in the complete subject. The
complete subject consists of the simple subject and any words, phrases, or clauses that
modify the simple subject.
SENTENCE: Ceramics classes taught by Mr. Chen are fun but demanding.
COMPLETE SUBJECT: Ceramics classes taught by Mr. Chen
SIMPLE SUBJECT: classes
Exercise Underline the complete subject in each of the following sentences. Then, on
the line provided, write the simple subject.
EXAMPLE: 1. American scientist Benjamin Banneker made important
contributions to scientific knowledge. Benjamin Banneker
1. Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806) was born near Baltimore,
Maryland, of a free mother and an enslaved father.
2. Considered free, Banneker was able to attend an integrated
private school.
3. There, he began his lifelong study of sdence and math.
4. Despite having only an eighth-grade education, this young inan
became a noteworthy American astronomer and mathematician.
5. His astronomical research led to his acclaimed prediction of the
solar eclipse of 1789.
6. A few years later, the first of his almanacs was published.
7. Banneker's almanacs contained tide tables and data on future
eclipses.
8. Some famous sayings and bits of practical advice were also
included.
9. These popular almanacs came out every year for more than
a decade.
10. In addition to his scientific discoveries, Banneker is known for
his work as a surveyor during the planning of Washington, D.C.
WORKSHEETS Objects
Objects complete the meaning oftransitive action verbs, never linking verbs.
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb or shows the results
of the action. It answers the question "Whom?" or "What?" after.a transitive action verb.
Kirk studied Spanish in Barcelona. [The direct object Spanish receives the action
of the verb studied and tells what.]
An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that precedes the direct object and usually tells to
whom or for whom (or to what or for what) the action of the verb is done.
Please send me your address. [The indirect object me tells to whom you should
send your address.]
Both direct and indirect objects may be compound.

DIRECT OBJECTS: Josh plays the guitar and the harmonica.
INDIRECT OBJECTS: He sent Logan and me a tape he made.
Exercise A Circle the direct objects and underline the indirect objects in the sentences
in the following paragraph. Not all sentences contain both kinds of objects.
EXAMPLE: [l] Leroy gave me�dvic�about my swimming strokes.
[1] Last summer, Leroy told us his plans for the future. [2] He wants a place
on the U.S. swim team in the next Olympic Games. [3] Of course, this goal
demands hours of hard practice. [4] Every day, Leroy swims one hundred laps in
the college pool and works �ut with weights for an hour. [5] Such intense training
could have cost him his social life. [6] With his rigorous schedule, Leroy doesn't
have much time to spend with friends. [7] However, we all understand and give
him lots of encouragement and support. [8] But we Cffi}'t teach him the fine
points of competitive swimming. [9] His coach does that. [10] Working together,
Leroy and his coach have already improved Leroy's best time.
Exercise B It's your first day working at a restaurant, and you've just taken a family's
order. Write five sentences that will help you remember who should get what. In your
sentences, use five direct objects and at least two indirect objects. Circle the direct objects
and underline the indirect objects. For indirect objects, use pronouns orgeneral terms such
as man or child, or use imaginary names.
EXAMPLE: Give Margot the spinach{kppetizer).
Chapter 8: Sentence Structure ·
Classifying Sentences
by Purpose·
WORKSHEET9
Sentences may be classified as declarative, imperative; interrogative, or exclamatory.

(1) A declarative sentence makes a statement. It is followed by a period.
Today is a beautiful day for a hike.
(2) An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It is usually followed by
a period. A strong command may be followed by an exclamation point.
Leave the books where they are.
Take that dog out of here!
(3) An interrogative sentence asks a question. It is followed by a question mark.
Is your new job interesting?
(4) An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling. It is followed by an exclamation point.
I have ne;ver been so surprised!
Exercise On the line provided, identify each of the following sentences as declarative
(DEC), imperative (IMP), interrogative (INT), or exclamatory (EXC). Then add the correct
end punctuation.
EXAMPLE: INT 1. How could the CD have fallen into the soup?
1. The loudspeakers in our living room are smaUyet powerful
2. Turn down the volume
3. Is that music or noise, Ramona
4. Listening to very loud music every day_fan damage a person's hearing
5. How many watts does your amplifier produce
6. Sound levels are measured in units called decibels
7. Do you know that each increase of ten decibels represents a doubling in the
sound level
8. Try not to blast your sound system
___ 9. Instead, keep it at a reasonable volume
___ 10. How relaxing music played softly can be

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Chapter 8: Sentence Structure

WORKSHEET 1 Sentences and Fragments

WORKSHEET 2 Subject and Predicate

Exercise B Complete each of the following sentences by adding a predicate to the

1. The last Tuesday of each month ____________-,.-_

Both direct and indirect objects may be compound.

Sentences may be classified as declarative, imperative; interrogative, or exclamatory.

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