Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Bureau of Secondary Education
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

Supplementary Learning Module

for Junior High School Learners

GRADE 7
SCIENCE
FOURTH QUARTER

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

The learners shall be able to:

1. explain how solar and lunar eclipses occur; and

2. collect, record, and report data on the beliefs and practices of the community in
relation to eclipses.

Prepared by:

IRENE C. PISALBO
Teacher II/Mabilbila Integrated School

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ECLIPSES

The solar system is full of unending wonders. We are always amazed not only on
the planets but also on the surprising things about the sun and the moon. Without these
two, life on Earth will not be as they are today.
When the Earth aligns with these two celestial bodies, a very wonderful
phenomenon occurs. This is an eclipse.
This module focuses on developing the understanding of learners about the
occurrences of eclipse. It provides varied and localized activities that enhance the
acquisition of knowledge of the learners on the important concepts about eclipses. The
lessons included in this module focuses also on the difference between the two types of
eclipse and some beliefs of community people in relation to this phenomenon.

FOR THE FACILITATOR

This module aims to enhance the understanding of learners on the concepts of

eclipse. As facilitator you must supervise and evaluate the development of the learner in
accomplishing the tasks in this module. Instruct the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, activity enhancements, assessment tests and post-test.

FOR THE LEARNER

One way of developing your understanding on the occurrences of eclipse is

through accomplishing this module. You must first answer the Pre-Test before going
through all the lessons and activities. Use this properly and follow the instructions
carefully. In every enhancement activities, you must be able to achieve all the objectives
by following the procedures and answering the guide questions.

If you encounter difficulties in accomplishing some task and understanding the

lesson, you can ask help from your teacher, parents or you can ask a friend.

The answers for the Pre-test, guide questions, assessment tests, and Post-test
are located at the end of the last lesson. Do not try to take a glimpse of the answers if you
are not sure what to write. Be honest and learn independently from this module.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. explain how solar and lunar eclipses occur; and
2. collect, record, and report data on the beliefs and practices of the community in
relation to eclipses.

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WHAT I KNOW

PRE-ASSESSMENT:
Direction: Read and understand the questions. Write the letter of your answer on your
answer sheet.

1. What natural phenomenon is observed when there is a natural shading or

darkening of one celestial body by another?
a. Eclipse
b. El Niño
c. Thunder
d. Volcanic eruption

2. When does a solar eclipse occur?

a. When the moon passes between Earth and the sun
b. When the moon passes behind the Earth and the sun
c. When the sun, Earth and the moon are aligned exactly or very closely with
Earth in the middle
d. When the sun, Earth and the moon are aligned exactly or very closely with sun
in the middle

3. What kind of solar eclipse occurs when the sun and the moon are not exactly in
line and the moon only partially covers the sun?
a. Annular solar eclipse
b. Hybrid eclipse
c. Partial eclipse
d. Total solar eclipse

4. The shadow of an eclipse has three distinct regions. What region is a dark,
slender cone part where all sunlight is completely blocked out?
a. Antumbra
b. Penumbra
c. Umbra

5. When the Earth, the sun and the moon aligns, an eclipse occurs. Which of the
following is the correct order of alignment during a lunar eclipse?
a. Moon, Sun, Earth
b. Moon, Earth, Sun
c. Sun, Earth, Moon
d. Sun, Moon, Earth

6. Solar eclipse happens during the day, lunar eclipse happens at ___________.
a. Afternoon
b. Morning
c. Night
d. Noon

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7. If you are inside the moon’s penumbra, what kind of eclipse do you see?
a. Total lunar eclipse
b. Total solar eclipse
c. Partial lunar eclipse
d. Partial solar eclipse

8. An observer on earth during a total lunar eclipse usually see ____________.

a. Shadows
b. Total darkness
c. Photosphere of the sun
d. Brightly illuminated ring of the Earth’s atmosphere

9. Based on the illustration below, what kind of solar eclipse occurs?

a. Annular
b. Partial
c. Total

10. Which of the following describes proper way of viewing an eclipse?

a. Wearing solar filters
b. Look at it directly
c. Stay indoors
d. Use telescopes

11. There are many superstitious beliefs about the occurrence of eclipse. Which of the
following is an ancient belief in the Philippines?
a. The mighty Sun and the brilliant Moon fight during an eclipse
b. A bakunawa causes eclipse, would rise from deep ocean and would swallow
the moons whole
c. Eclipses especially lunar are sign of a change and transformation that will come
d. Your good or bad actions you do during lunar eclipse will be multiplied tenfold

12. From the statements below, which of them states correct idea?
a. During eclipses, poison drops from the sky
b. The eclipse is a sign that the world is coming to an end
c. The lunar eclipse is more powerful than the solar eclipse
d. The eclipse of the sun occurs when an invisible dragon eats the sun

13. We see total lunar eclipse more than total solar eclipse. What is the reason for
this?
A. The moon’s umbra only covers a small area on Earth’s surface
B. The moon's shadow covers all of Earth during a solar eclipse
C. Only people on the daytime side of Earth can see a solar eclipse
D. New moon phases occur less often than full moon phase

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14. The figure shows the different shadows formed during an eclipse. What is labeled
as letter “C”? B
a. Antumbra A
b. Penumbra
c. Umbra

15. Which of the following beliefs about eclipse has scientific bases?
a. It is bad to look directly at the sun during a solar eclipse.
b. There is an increase in the number of harmful microorganisms.
c. When the moon turns dark during a full moon, it brings bad luck.
d. Solar eclipses can be a danger to pregnant women and their unborn children.

Hello! How was it? Do you

think you answered well all
the given questions?
Compare your answers with
those in the Answer Key on
page 19 to find out then
evaluate your score based on
the given scale below.

13-15 Excellent! You did well. But you may still study the module to master well the
lesson.

10-12 Very Good! It will be easier for you to understand the module. I hope you will
get a perfect score in the end.

7-9 Good! You did not do well but you can study more with the items that you did not
get.

4-6 Fair! You really need to study well the module. Please consider all the items
you did not get and concentrate well in studying the module.

0-3 Needs Improvement. Please study well the module in order to increase your
level of understanding about the lesson.

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LESSON PROPER

REVIEW

The sun is the major source of light on Earth. Any object that blocks its light will
shed a shadow behind it. Think of your shadow when you are outside on a sunny day.
Recall that the sun shines on you and casts your own shadow opposite the sun. When
the shade of one thing cascades on another, an eclipse takes place. Have you observed
and eclipse? An eclipse is a natural shading or darkening of one celestial body by
another. Those who have observed one will never forget the experience.

WHAT’S NEW?

ACTIVITY 1
Try this! Draw the positions of the sun, earth, and moon during a solar eclipse.

How does an eclipse occur?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Lesson 1 THE SOLAR ECLIPSE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain how a solar eclipse occurs
2. Determine the types of a solar eclipse
3. Identify the distinct regions of shadows of an eclipse

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WHAT TO KNOW

An eclipse is a natural phenomenon. A solar eclipse of the sun

occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, and the
moon cast a shadow over the Earth. It takes place only at the phase of a
new moon, when the sun and the moon are in alignment as seen from the
Earth.

x+y=

Figure 1 A Solar Eclipse

The following are the types of solar eclipse:

1. TOTAL ECLIPSE. A total eclipse occurs when total

darkness is experienced. It happens when a dark shadow of
the moon completely covers the intensely bright light of the
sun. It is a very rare scenario.

2. ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE. When the moon appears

to pass across the middle of the sun but is too small to cover
the disk of the sun completely, an annular solar eclipse
occurs. This can be observed only during the new moon,
when the sun is close to one of the nodes of the lunar orbit,
so Earth, sun, and the moon form a straight formation.

3. HYBRID ECLIPSE. This is comparatively rare. In some

areas on the surface of the Earth it appears as a total
eclipse, whereas at other points it appears as an annular
eclipse.

4. PARTIAL ECLIPSE. This occurs when the sun and the

moon are not exactly in line and the moon only partially
covers the sun. This phenomenon can usually be seen from
a large part of Earth outside of the track on an annular or
total eclipse.

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How does a Solar Eclipse Happen?

The sun is farther away than the moon but is much

larger. In a solar eclipse, the moon and the sun appear almost
the same size. A solar eclipse is a spectacular sight because
the moon orbits Earth once a month and eclipses happen only
if it lines up exactly with Earth and the sun.

A solar eclipse rarely happens. It can last

for almost 7 minutes and 31 seconds.
An annular solar eclipse is predicted to
occur in December 26, 2019 but will be
viewed in Manila as a partial solar eclipse.
It will last for 3 hours and 25 minutes.

WHAT’S MORE?

ACTIVITY 1: When the Sun Goes Dark

Objectives:

1. Build a Sun-Earth-Moon systems

2. Demonstrate how a solar eclipse occur
3. State how and why solar eclipses happen

Materials: large styrofoam ball, small styrofoam ball, shower curtain ring, flashlight, and
about 1 ft. of bendable metal wire

Procedure:

1. Place the large Styrofoam ball on the shower curtain ring so it doesn't move.
This ball represents the Earth. The small Styrofoam ball represents the moon.
2. Stick one end of the wire into the top of the Earth, and stick the other end into
the top of the moon.
3. Bend the wire so that the moon seems to be floating around the Earth. You
should be able to move the wire and watch the moon ball revolve around the
Earth ball.
4. Place a flashlight approximately 12-18 inches away from the model you created.
Students should turn on the light and move the moon into the path of the
flashlight's light. This will create an example of what a solar eclipse would look
like on the Earth's surface as the moon moves through the path of the sun's
rays.

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Guide questions:

1. How did the shape of the shadow on the Earth's surface change as the
moon passed through the sun's rays?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. What are the relative positions of the Earth, moon, and sun during a solar
eclipse?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3. What conditions must be present for this to happen?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

ADD
THIS UP! THREE DISTINCT REGIONS
OF THE SHADOWS OF AN ECLIPSE

1. UMBRA – is a dark, slender, cone part of the shadow where all sunlight is
completely blocked out

2. PENUMBRA – is a lighter, funnel-shaped, outer part shadow from which

the sunlight is partially covered

3. ANTUMBRA – is the region from which the blocking body appears

entirely contained within the disc of the light source

Figure 3 Shadows of Eclipses

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s ASSESSMENT 1

DIRECTION: Complete the idea of the sentence by underlining the word in the
parenthesis that is being described.

1. When the moon appears to pass across the middle of the sun but is too small to
cover the disk of the sun completely, a/an (annular, hybrid) solar eclipse occurs.

2. (Total, Partial) solar eclipse happens when the sun and the moon are not exactly
in line and the moon only partially obscures the sun.

3. When the dark shadow of the moon completely obscures the intensely bright light
of the sun and total darkness is experienced, a (total, annular) solar eclipse
happens.

4. A/An (typhoon, eclipse happens when the moon passes between the Earth and
the sun and cast a shadow on Earth.

5. A (partial, hybrid) eclipse appears as a total eclipse on some other surface of the
Earth but in some it appears as an annular eclipse.

Label the regions of eclipses shadow.

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Lesson 2 THE LUNAR ECLIPSE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain how a lunar eclipse occurs
2. Determine the types of a lunar eclipse

What to Know

Planets have natural satellites called moons. Earth has one moon and its
traditional name is Luna.

You’ve learned about solar eclipse in the last lesson. In this lesson, you’ll
discover fascinating things about the Lunar Eclipse.

An eclipse of the moon can only occur at full moon, and only if the moon
passes through some portion of Earth’s shadow. It happens only when the sun,
Earth, and the moon are aligned exactly or very closely with Earth in the middle. x + y =

The path of the moon through Earth’s shadow is the very important
determinant of whether or not a lunar eclipse will occur. There are three different
types of lunar eclipse:

1. TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE. It happens when Earth’s umbra obscures the

moon’s entire visible surface. The total phase may be up to one hour and
40 minutes long and the entire eclipse may last up to three hours.

Figure 4

2. PARTIAL LUNAR ECLIPSE. It can be observed when the Earth moves

between the sun and the moon but the three celestial bodies do not form a
perfectly straight line.

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3. PENUMBRAL LUNAR ECLIPSE. In this eclipse, none of the moon is
completely shaded by Earth’s umbra. Instead, only the slightest dim near
the lunar limb closest to the umbra can be seen.

WHAT’S MORE?

ACTIVITY 2.1: Where Should the Moon Be During A Lunar Eclipse?

DIRECTION: Illustrate the arrangement of the Earth, sun and moon during a lunar
eclipse.

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ACTIVITY 2.2: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Show the similarities and differences of solar and lunar eclipse through a Venn
diagram.

Solar Lunar

ASSESSMENT 2
DIRECTION:
Identify the terms being described in the sentences.
1. It happens when Earth’s umbra covers the moon’s entire visible surface.
2. In this kind of eclipse, none of the moon is completely shaded by Earth’s
umbra.
3. It can be observed when Earth moves between the sun and the moon but the
three celestial bodies do not form a perfectly straight line.
4. It occurs only at full moon and only if the moon passes through some portion
of the Earth’s shadow.

Determine whether the sentences state correct idea or not. Write True or False.
5. A lunar eclipse is visible anywhere on the night side of Earth.
6. Penumbral lunar eclipse can only be seen when at least half of the moon
enters the penumbra.
7. During lunar eclipse, the moon is always within the umbra.
8. Lunar eclipse can be observed monthly.

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Lesson 3 FACTS, MYTHS, AND SUPERSTITIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify some beliefs and practices of community people
about the occurrence of eclipse

What to Know
Older people have many superstitious beliefs and practices that are passed on to
the next generation. When an eclipse occurs, some people say that an evil spirit or a
dragon is trying to swallow the sun. Those who believed this would make some noise to
cast out the evil spirit.
Beliefs related to eclipses such as the sun being swallowed by a Bakunawa (a
large animal) or the increase of harmful microorganisms is passed on by adults to young
children. These beliefs have no scientific bases and not yet proven to be true.
However, there are beliefs that have scientific bases. Looking directly at the sun
during a solar eclipse is one example. It is bad because it damages the eyes. Even
though the sun’s thin crescent is left uncovered by the moon, it will still be too bright. So if
you want to observe a solar eclipse, use a solar filter to protect your eyes.

Ancient tagalogs call eclipses as “laho”.

Others call it as “eklepse”. Old people
would tell you that during laho or eklepse,
the sun and the moon are eaten by a big
snake called Bakunawa. The only way to
bring them back is to create a very loud
noise. The Bakunawa gets irritated with
the noise and spews out the sun and the
moon back to the people.

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ACTIVITY 3: ECLIPSES AND MY COMMUNITY

Objectives: Discover the different beliefs and practices in your community that explain
the occurrence and effects of eclipses on human life

Procedure:
1. Compose questions related to the problem and interview elders in your
community.
2. You may surf the net for additional information.
3. List and compare the different beliefs of the elders in your community regarding
eclipses

Guide questions:

1. What is the most common belief as the cause and effects of eclipses to the
life of people in your community?

2. Which of the beliefs and practices are acceptable? Why?

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

 Eclipses are natural phenomena that occur when one celestial body covers the other by
forming shadows.
 Solar eclipse and lunar eclipse are the two types of eclipse.
 Solar eclipse happens when the moon aligns directly between the sun and the earth.
 Lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through portions of Earth’s shadow.
 Some people have their beliefs and practices about the occurrence of eclipse.

WHAT I CAN DO

The moon is the brightest object in the night sky but it does not give off its own
light. If you will observe the moon for several nights, you will notice that it seems to
change its shape. But it does not change at all. What makes it look like it is changing? As
the moon travels around the Earth, the moon passes through its phases. It has eight
phases.

Try this: Draw the different phases of the moon.

ASSESSMENT 15 | P a g e
POST-ASSESSMENT. Read and analyze the questions then choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What kind of eclipse occurs when the moon moves through Earth’s shadow at full
moon?
A. solar eclipse
B. lunar eclipse
C. partial eclipse
D. total solar eclipse

2. Based on the illustration on the right, how does a solar eclipse happen?
a. When the shadows of the Earth and
Moon are cast in space
b. When the Moon comes directly between
the Sun and the Earth
c. When the shadows of Moon and Earth
is neither too high nor too low
d. When the Sun is on the opposite side of the Earth and the Moon

3. When do we observe a total lunar eclipse?

A. When the moon is within the umbra
B. When the moon is within the antumbra
C. When the earth cast a partial shadow to the moon
D. When the earth covers some part of the moon

4. Why don’t solar eclipse occur every month?

a. It takes the moon two months to orbit the Earth
b. The speed of the moon circling the Earth is very fast
c. The Earth does not align with the moon for two months
d. The moon orbits the Earth at a slight angle, and its shadow usually misses
Earth

5. What kind of lunar eclipse is shown in the illustration?

a. penumbral
b. total
c. partial

6. During a lunar eclipse, the ______________ moves into the shadow of the Earth.
a. Galaxy
b. Moon

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c. Stars
d. Sun

7. Which of the following is true about lunar eclipse?

a. It can only occur at new moon.
b. It happens only when there is a full moon.
c. The moon passes around the sun and Earth.
d. It is visible only in arctic areas of the planet.

8. In the ancient times, which of the following would people do when there is an
eclipse?
a. They will get anything that produces noise to cast out evil.
b. The pregnant women will dance outside for a healthy baby.
c. Some men will gather and make prayers under the eclipse.

9. What do ancient tagalogs call the eclipse?

a. Bakunawa
b. Laho
c. Miho
d. Balon

10. In this eclipse, none of the moon is completely shaded by Earth’s umbra.
a. Partial lunar eclipse
b. Penumbral lunar eclipse
c. Hybrid solar eclipse
d. Total solar eclipse

11. Why do we have to use protection glasses when viewing a solar eclipse?
a. Our eyes get irritated and may become red.
b. Looking at it with our naked eyes can make us blind.
c. We may acquire the harmful microorganisms that are emitted by the sun.

12. The pictures below show solar eclipses. Which of them is an annular solar
eclipse?

13. How long is the period of totality of a solar eclipse?

a. Five hours and 31 minutes
b. One day and 31 minutes

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c. Seven minutes and 31 seconds
d. Sixty minutes and 31 seconds

14. The pictures below show eclipses. Which of them is a total lunar eclipse?

B. C. D.
15. We see total lunar eclipse more than total solar eclipse. What is the reason for
this?
A. New moon phases occur less often than full moon phase
B. Only people on the daytime side of Earth can see a solar eclipse
C. The moon’s umbra only covers a small area on Earth’s surface
D. The moon's shadow covers all of Earth during a solar eclipse

ANSWER KEY
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
ACTIVITY 1
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1. A
2. A How does an eclipse occur?
3. C -It occurs when one celestial body covers the other
4. C by forming shadows.
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. A LESSON 1: ACTIVITY 1
9. B
1. How did the shape of the shadow on the Earth's
10. A
surface change as the moon passed through the
11. B
sun's rays?
12. C
13. A
2. What are the relative positions of the Earth,
14. A
moon, and sun during a solar eclipse?
15. A
-The three bodies are aligned with the moon in
between them.

3. What conditions must be present for this to

happen?
ASSESSMENT 1 -The three bodies are aligned together during new
moon
1. Annular
2. Partial
3. Total
4. Eclipse ACTIVITY 2.1
5. Hybrid

ACTIVITY 2.2

POST ASSESSMENT
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A 19 | P a g e
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. A
REFERENCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Asuncion, Alvie J. Science 7 Learner's Material. Pasig: Department of Education, 2017.

Laurente, Jomar Aries T. Science for the 21st Century Learner. Makati: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS
INC, 2015.

LINKS

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