City of Malabon

CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY

Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education

LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL

Program Bachelor IN Elementary Education

Level/Placement Level 2, 2nd Semester
Course Title Life and Works of Jose Rizal
Course Code GE MS 01
No. of Units 3 Units
Pre-requisite None
Rationale A study of the life works and writings of Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the national hero
and martyr, as they relate to the socio-political situation of the
Philippines during his time and its implication to our present time. It
traces the hero’s life, ideals, concept of education, good government,
and nationalism as embodied in his writings, particularly the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
Focus A course on the life, works, ideas, and ideals of Jose Rizal which aims to
provide students an in-depth appreciation of Rizal’s contributions to the
building of Filipino nationhood. The course involves the critical and
analytical discussion of Rizal in the context of Philippine history.
Outcome The three-unit course is designed to give students background
information on concepts and theories concerning of Rizal’s nationalism,
his thoughts and messages in his political and nationalistic writings and
the relevance and validity of his ideas to present times in the light of
truth. At the end of this course, the students should be able to identify
critical events in Rizal’s life from childhood through his early schooling
including travel abroad his arrest and deportation to Dapitan, his trial
and execution. Determine the implications of Rizal’s imprisonment in
Dapitan and the significance of his services as a Physician. Evaluate the
importance and effects of Rizal’s immortal novels Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo and immortal poem Mi Ultimo Adios. Evaluate Rizal’s
ideals on nationalism, moral values, cooperation, nation building,
democracy, education, family, livelihood and justice.
Module Title Life and Works of Rizal
Module No. Module 1
Total Study Hours 3 Hours/Online Synchronous Session
Module Writer Julius Ortega Espiritu, L.P.T., M.A.Ed.
Module/Learning Julius Ortega Espiritu, L.P.T., M.A.Ed.
Facilitator No. 09307577650/09569781114
Contacts [email protected]
Module The course means a study of the life works and writings of Dr. Jose P.
Introduction. Rizal, the national hero and martyr, as they relate to the socio-political
situation of the Philippines during his time and its implication to our
present time. It traces the hero’s life, ideals, concept of education,
good government, and nationalism as embodied in his writings,
particularly the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
Module Learning ❖ To be able to explain Rizal’s life, works, ideas, and ideals and discuss

GE MS 02 – Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal 1 of 79

City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
Outcomes how these have influenced the formation of Philippine nationhood.
❖ To be able to point out important and pivotal events and factors
that helped shape and develop Rizal’s nationalism.
❖ To appreciate the relevance of Rizal’s teachings and those of other
heroes.
❖ To discuss, compare, evaluate, and analyze the achievements of
Rizal and other heroes in relation to their importance to the life of
the Filipino nation.
❖ To manifest respect and reverence for their achievements, ideas,
and ideals.
Rubrics for The following will be the rubrics that will be used for assessing
Grading your weekly task and final output for this module: Point
Criteria
Creativity – the work is done creatively. It employs many 5 points
ideas that add color to the totality of the work. The concepts
and ideas are presented in a creative way.
Completeness – the elements that are being asked in the 5 points
activity are complete and well presented. There are no
lacking elements.
Originality – the concept of the work is original and not a 5 points
mere reproduction or duplication of any work of anyone.
Ideas and thoughts are conceived by creative imagination
only.
Organization – the concepts of the work are presented 5 points
logically. Concepts and ideas are cohesive and do not
possess ambiguous thoughts and impressions.
Neatness – the work is neat and clean. The format of the 5 points
work also possesses the same quality as it is with its
substance.
Punctuality – the submitted work is on time or before the due 5 points
date that was set for the submission.
TOTAL 30 points
Writing Take note of the guidelines to follow as you complete all your written
Mechanics outputs.
1. Written output should be a minimum of 300 and maximum of 500
words. Total number of words should be indicated on the last page
of your output.
2. For computer-generated output, use the format.
a. short bond paper
b. font style is Century Gothic.
c. font size is 12.
d. double spacing
e. Justified.
3. Hand-written output should be readable and in print.
4. Electronic outputs may be sent to the official email address of the
instructor listed above.
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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
5. Written output may be scan/photograph and sent to the Moodle
account or Messenger account of the instructor.
Reading Material No. 1

RIZAL LAW

RIZAL LAW; R.A. 1425

• 1956 Claro M. Recto filed a Bill called the Rizal Bill recognizing the need to instill
heroism to the Filipino youth.
• It shall be obligatory for college and university to study the Life and Works of Dr. Jose
Rizal.
• June 12, 1956; Republic Act. 1425 known as Rizal Law came into effect through the
initiative of Sen. Jose P. Laurel
• Republic Act No. 1425 known as the Rizal Law; approved on June 12, 1956, provides
for the integration of the study of the life and works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal in the
curriculum of the tertiary level and took effect on August 16, 1956.
• In July 1956, Jose P. Laurel, Claro Mayo Recto, Jose B. Laurel Jr., Jacobo Gonzales,
Lorenzo Tanada and other law makers sponsored the R.A. 1425 that will enforce the
teaching of the life and works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
• As father of the Rizal Law, Claro M. Recto sponsored the Rizal bill together with fellow
law makers.
• The bill would require all high schools, colleges, and universities to include in their
curricula a course in the study of Dr. Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings, mainly the
great novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to provide an in-depth study of
nationalism and the shaping of national character.
• An Act include in the Curriculum that all universities and colleges courses in the Life,
Works, and Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal.
• Executed by the National Commission on Education thirty days after its publication
from the “Official Gazette.”
• To promote nationalism as exemplified through the life of the Filipino hero: our
independence and Filipino values should be included to the minds of the Filipino
youth.
• By integrating Rizal in the curriculum, this would benefit the Filipino youth as well as
the whole nation to acquire the following traits:
➢ Incorruptible
➢ Confidence
➢ Direction
➢ Courage and determination
➢ High sense of relationship
➢ Nationalism and Patriotism
• Aims and Purposes.
➢ The law aims and desires to re-establish that the Filipinos themselves be imbued
with the principles of freedom and a sense of nationalism. The rationale of which is
to perpetuate the memories of our hero's death and sacrifices.
➢ The law aims to honor the heroes particularly Dr. Jose P. Rizal and to remind us of
his sacrifices and his two novels - Noli Me Tangere and El Filibustirismo that paved
the way to the nationalism and patriotism of the entire country.
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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
➢ The law aims to cultivate and inculcate among the students in all schools the
character development, self-discipline, civic consciousness and to teach the
duties of citizenship which became the primary reason for the enactment of the
law for reforms and changes.

RIZAL BECOMING OUR NATIONAL HERO

• What is a Hero??
➢ He was chosen as the greatest Philippine National Hero
➢ Hero is a person admired for achievements and noble qualities and a prominent
or central personage taking an admirable action.
➢ Also, a person of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger and an individual
honored after death by public worship because of laudable and exceptional
service to mankind
• Criteria in choosing the Philippine national hero:
➢ The person must be a Filipino
➢ Must be peace-loving and pacifist.
➢ Must have great sense of patriotism.
➢ Must have die for the country as a martyr/has already been dead.
• Personalities nominated to be our national hero:
➢ Jose Rizal
➢ Marcelo H. del Pilar
➢ Emilio Jacinto
➢ Graciano Lopez-Jaena
➢ Antonio Luna
• Reasons why Rizal was chosen as the National Hero.
➢ He was the first Filipino to unite and awaken the Filipino people to peacefully rise
for independence.
➢ He is a model for being a peacemaker by his complete self-denial, his complete
abandonment of his personal interest and to think only of his country and people.
➢ He was a towering figure in the propaganda campaign from 1882-1896
➢ He was a martyr at Bagumbayan where he willingly died for our country.
• Proclamation of Dr. Jose Rizal as our national hero paved the way to some issues
such as:
➢ Adolf Hitler was his illegitimate son.
➢ He should not be proclaimed as the national hero because of his cowardice to
fight the colonizers through revolution.
➢ He was regarded as an “American-made hero”.
• The First Philippine Commission was formed by the United States President headed by
the American Governor-General William Howard C. Taft.
• Declaration of Dr. Jose Rizal as our national hero was only their strategy to hinder our
nationalistic feelings.
• Honors Accorded to Rizal as the Philippine National Hero
➢ The day of his birth and day of his execution are fittingly commemorated by all
classes of people throughout the country and other Filipinos abroad.
➢ No other Filipino hero can surpass Rizal in the number of monuments erected in his
honor, in towns, barrios and schools.
➢ His name is by-word in every home and his picture is printed and used in postage
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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
stamps.
➢ The paper money/coins with his image have the widest circulation that the
poorest of the poor can take hold
➢ Streets, boulevards, educational institutions, and persons were named after “Rizal.”
➢ His noble thoughts and teachings had been frequently invoked and quoted by
speakers.
➢ The union of Manila and Morong to be a province was named after the illustrious
Filipino hero thus the Rizal province was established
Assessment Task Sheet # 1
Checkpoint Above are reading materials about Rizal law and how Rizal became our
National hero. Read them and answer the following questions.

1. Do you think there is still a need for the study of Rizal?

2. In your opinion, does the study of Rizal will greatly affect the religious
views of students? Why and why not?
3. If you will be given a chance to choose who will be our National
Hero, who would that be and why?
4. Rizal was always regarded as an American made National hero. Do
you have the same opinion that Rizal was made hero by the
Americans and not by Filipinos? Why or why not?
Reading Material No. 2

RIZAL AND HIS TIME

THE WORLD IN RIZAL’S TIME

• April 12, 1861, Issue on slavery was raised in American public arena; “Emancipation
Proclamation” (Abraham Lincoln)
• Benito Juarez was elected as the Mexican Prand how esident.
• Emperor or Napoleon III decided to invade the state of Juarez failed to get military
support from the United States.
• Juarez still defended his state by organizing Indian and Mexican f fighters.
• Emergences of Western imperialism (England)
• Commodore Matthew C. Perry had forcibly re-opened Japan to the International
community.
• Holy father issued his decision regarding the issue of sovereignty in Carolines and
Palau (Spain vs. Germany)
• Italy and Germany had successfully united against France.
• Spain concentrated her despotic rule in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

THE PHILIPPINES IN RIZAL’S TIME

• The evils of the deteriorating colonial power of Spain.
➢ Instability of colonial administration
✓ The political instability in Spain adversely affects Philippine affairs because it
brought about frequent periodic shifts in colonial policies and a periodic
rigodon of colonial officials.
✓ The frequent change of colonial officials hampered the political and
economic development of the Philippines.

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
✓ Hardly had one gov-gen begun his administration when he was soon replaced
by his successor.
✓ This led to instability and inconsistencies in the administration.
✓ Emergence of political unrest in Spanish Politics.
✓ It started during the reign of King Ferdinand VII
✓ Spanish political instability resulted to frequent shifts of colonial policies and
unfixed terms of government officials in the Philippines.
➢ Corrupt officialdom
✓ Spain’s government officials were classified into two groups:
❖ Incompetent
❖ corrupt official
✓ General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873) was a boastful and ruthless gov-gen,
aroused the anger of the Filipino by executing the GOMBURZA - martyrs of 1872
(Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora).
✓ Admiral Jose Malcampo (1844-77) was a good moro fighter yet inept and
weak administrator.
✓ General Fernando Primo de Rivera [(1880-83) (1897-98)] was a gov-gen for two
terms; enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casino in Manila
which he scandalously permitted to operate.
✓ General Valeriano Weyler (1888-91) was a cruel and corrupt gov-gen, arrived
in manila as poor and return to Spain as a millionaire. He receive huge bribes
and gifts of diamonds from wealthy Chinese who evaded the anti-Chinese
law. The Filipinos called him “tyrant” because of his brutal persecution of the
Calamba tenants particularly the family of Dr. Jose Rizal. The Cubans cursed
him as “the butcher” because of his ruthless reconcentration policy causing
death of thousands of Cubans (1896).
✓ General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-97), an able militarist bur heartless gov-gen;
was detested by Filipinos for executing Dr. Rizal.
➢ No Philippine representation in Spanish Cortes
✓ Spanish Cortez- refers to the Spanish parliament.
✓ The` Philippines was given the opportunity to have a representation in the
Spanish government/parliament (threatened by Napoleonic invasion).
✓ Ventura delos Reyes – first Filipino representative, in the Spanish Cortes (1810-
1813) was fruitful with the beneficent results to the welfare of the colony.
✓ The 2nd (1820-23) and 3rd (1834-37) were less fruitful to the parliamentary work.
✓ Unfortunately, the representation was abolished in 1837 and this worsened the
Philippine condition for they cannot exposed the anomalies of colonial
officials.
✓ Many Filipino valiantly pleaded but the fervent plea of Graciano Lopez Jaena
and his compatriots was ignored.
✓ Cuba and Puerto Rico plea were granted representation in the Spanish Cortes
by the Spanish Constitution of 1876 but the Philippine representation in the
Cortes was never restored until the end of Spanish rule in 1898.
➢ Human rights denied to Filipinos.
✓ Along with their adoption of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, the colonial Spain
deprived the rights of Filipino natives.

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
✓ Since the adoption of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and other constitutions,
the people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, press, association, and other
human rights.
✓ But they denied it to the Filipinos in Asia.
➢ No equality before the law
✓ Inequality Can be reflected through their colonial laws, codes, and religion.
✓ In the practice, the Spanish colonial authorities, who were Christians, did not
implement Christ's precepts of the brotherhood of all men especially during
the last decades of Hispanic rule.
✓ They arrogantly regarded the brown-skinned Filipinos as inferior beings, not
their Christian brothers to be protected but rather as their subjects to be
exploited.
✓ The Filipino were abused, brutalized, persecuted, and slandered by their
Spanish masters.
✓ They cannot appeal to the law for justice because the law being dispensed
was only for the white Spaniards.
➢ Maladministration of justice
✓ During Rizal's time, the courts of justice in the Philippines were notoriously
corrupt.
✓ The Spanish judges, fiscals (prosecuting atty.) and other court officials were
inept, venial, and often ignorant of the law.
✓ Justice was costly, partial, and slow that's why poor Filipinos do not have
access to the courts.
✓ To the Filipino masses, litigation in court was a calamity; the expense incurred
even in a simple lawsuit often exceeded the value of the property at issue,
litigants found themselves impoverished at the end of the long tussle.
✓ Criminal cases dragged on for many years; either the deliquents took to flight
or the document were lost.
➢ Racial discrimination
✓ Because of the “inferior” physical features of the Filipinos, racial prejudice was
widespread in:
❖ Military
❖ Universities
❖ Social circles
✓ Socio-cultural Condition During the 19th Century: The Social Strata/Structure
❖ Peninsulares - highest class, they are Spanish born in Spain an dive in the
Philippines. Intramuros became the site of power, center of education, and
spirituality.
❖ Insulares - they are Spanish born and live in the Philippines. The two highest
class established their community in Intramuros and enclosed it in a wall to
segregate their populations from the other class.
❖ Creoles - mixblood or the combination of Spanish and Filipino
❖ Illustrado - or the well-educated Filipino
❖ Principalia/Encomienderos - or the landowners. They are the first one who
thought of fighting the Spaniards however they only seek for reform and not
for independence.

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
❖ Indios - the lower class, the native Filipinos. They are unfortunate and
discriminated class in the society and subject to numerous taxations.
✓ Racial prejudice was prevalent everywhere - in govt offices, in the court of
justices, in the armed forces, in the social circles, and even in the educational
institutions and in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
✓ Father Jose Burgos (1837-1872) - one of the shining stars of Filipino clergy
complained of the lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in
the service of God and country.
✓ He lamented “shall a young man strive to rise in the profession of law or of
theology, when he can vision no future to himself.”
➢ Frailocracy
✓ Frailocracy (frailocracia) - Spanish political philosophy of union of Church and
State arose a unique form of government in Hispanic Philippines which was
governed by Friars.
✓ The friars (Augustinian, Dominicans, & Franciscans) controlled the religious and
educational life of the Philippines and later in the 19th century came to
acquire tremendous political power, influences and riches.
✓ Ruled the Philippines through a facade of civil government; they control the
colonial authorities from the gov-gen to alcalde mayores.
✓ They became supervisor of local elections, inspector of schools and taxes,
arbiter of morals and censor of books, superintendent of public works and
guardian of peace and order.
✓ They can send patriotic Filipino to jail or denounces him as Filibustero (traitor) to
be exiled to distant place or executed as an enemy of God.
✓ Jose P. Rizal, MH Del Pila, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and other Filipino reformist
denounced friars as the enemies of liberal reforms and modern progress in the
Philippines.
➢ Forced labor.
✓ Polo is a corruption of the Tagalog “pulong” meaning “meeting of persons and
things” or “community labor”.
✓ Drafted laborers were either Filipino or Chinese male meztizos who were
obligated to give personal service to community projects, like construction
and repair of infrastructure, church construction, or cutting logs in the forests,
for 40 days.
✓ All able-body males, from 16-60 years old, except chieftains and their sons.
✓ This was instituted in 1580 and reduced to 15 days per year in 1884.
✓ The polista (the person who renders the forced labor) will be paid a daily wage
of 1/4 real plus rice.
✓ Polista must not be brought from a distant place nor required to work during
planting and harvesting seasons.
✓ The effects of Polo
❖ The decrease in the production in agriculture because the time for Polo y
servicios coincide with the planting and harvesting period.
❖ The decrease in population because there were a lot of polistas who died
because of manual work in Polo.
❖ The rebellion of the natives

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
➢ Haciendas owned by the friars.
✓ During Rizal's time, the friars were the richest landlords for they owned the best
hacienda (agricultural lands) in the Philippines.
✓ Rural folks became tenants of the hacienda, they were the one who tend and
cultivate it for many generations.
✓ Friars were recognized as legal owners because they obtained royal titles of
ownership from the Spanish crown - later, the friars' haciendas became the
hotbed of agrarian revolts; agrarian upheaval in 1745-1746
➢ The Guardia Civil
✓ Guardia Civil (Constabulary) was the last hated symbol of Spanish tyranny
created by the Royal Decree of 1852 (Feb. 12) amended by another Royal
Decree of 1888 (March 24) for the purpose of maintaining peace and order in
the Philippines.
✓ Later this decree became infamous for their rampant abuses such as
maltreating innocent people, looting their carabaos, chickens and valuable
belongings and raping helpless women.
✓ The officers (Spaniards) and men (natives) were ill trained and undisciplined
unlike the same decree in Spain.
✓ The Abuses of Guardia Civil, Church Officials, and Political Leaders
✓ Jose Rizal witnessed the atrocities committed by the Guardia Civil on the
Calamba folks for he and his mother had been victims of the brutalities of a
lieutenant of it.
✓ It was natural that Rizal directed his stinging satire against the hated Guardia
Civil. Through Elias in Noli Me Tangere, he exposed it as a bunch of ruthless
ruffians’ goon only “for disturbing peace and persecuting honest men.”
➢ Educational System
✓ Religion is still the center of educational system imposed by the Spaniards
✓ Primary education - catered by friars, by teaching them Christian doctrine,
alphabet, language, customs, and policies.
✓ Boys and girls have separate schools and have different curriculums.
✓ To pacify Filipino is to prohibit them not to speak their own dialect in school,
school buildings and other facilities - but some of the friars believed that
learning Spanish would make Filipino people oppose to Spanish rule
✓ The Department of Education could not also provide enough books and other
instructional materials needed for the quality education.
✓ For males in secondary education schools:
❖ 1. Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio (1589)
❖ 2. Colegio of San Ildefonso (1599)
❖ 3. Ateneo de Municipal (1817)
❖ 4. San Juan de Letran College
❖ 5. (3 Later on became) Ateneo de Manila
✓ For male’s curriculum includes Spanish history, Latin, Philosophy, Canon, Civil
law, and Rhetoric
✓ For females in secondary education schools:
❖ 1. Colegios of Santa Potenciana (1591)
❖ 2. Sta Isabel (1632)

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
❖ 3. Sta Catalina de Sena (1696)
❖ 4. Sta Rita College (1719)
❖ 5. Colegio de la Immaculada Concepcion Concordia (1868)
❖ 6. Sta Rosa
❖ 7. Asilo de Lookan
✓ For female’s curriculum: Rules of courtesy, vocal music, language and sewing
✓ The educational system is also used to pacify the Filipinos and train them in
Catholicism and to follow laws imposed by the Spaniards.
✓ Educational System During the Spanish Regime
✓ The natives were constantly reminded that they had inferior intelligence and
they were fit only for manual labors thus children attended classes on the
ground floor of the convent, in a stable in the “casa real” or in the darkest
corner in the pueblo's town hall - firars maintained this to repress Filipino
intellect rather than cultivating and developing them.
✓ UST (1611) was the only institution of university level in Manila at the end of
Spanish period.
✓ Although the Colonial Administration issued the Educational Decree of 1863
(20 December) stating that “that each major town in the Philippines should
establish at least one primary schools for boys and another for girls, that the
medium of instruction is Spanish.”
✓ The friars did not implement the decree; because they say that if the Filipino
will be educated, it might be inspired by new ideas of freedom and
independence as well as justice thus keeping them in the dark.
✓ This explained the rigid censorship of book by church authorities as well as the
government
✓ Another noble intention of Spain to improve the Educational System in the
Philippines was the Moret Decree of 1870 - to secularize higher education in
the colony but was opposed by friars.
➢ Different Economic Institution
✓ Reduccion - natives are forced to live in the palce near the center and they
could hear the bell. his policy was implemented so that govt and parish priest
could easily monitor them and for the easy conversion to Catholicism the
program of Father Juan de Placencia led to the creation of the center which is
composed of the church, the municipal hall, plaza, market and school of
each town.
✓ Bandala - natives are obliged to sell their products to the Spaniards even in the
lowest price, and sometimes Spaniards will just issue promissory note.
✓ Taxation - different types of taxes:
❖ Cedulla - male and female 18 years old and above will pay 8 reales every
year for the cedula
❖ Sanctorum - tax for the church amounting to 3 reales
❖ Donativo de Zamboanga - one half real to finance the war in Mindanao
against the Muslims
❖ Tribute - paid in cash or in kind
✓ Tributo (Tribute) or Buwis
❖ Filipino paid tribute to the government as a sign of vassalage to Spain

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
❖ On July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed the Indians who had been
pacified should contribute a “moderate amount” in recognition of their
vassalage (Cusher, 1979)
❖ Miguel Lopez de Legazpi first order the payment of tribute both in Visayas
and Luzon. His successor followed the practice.
❖ Buwis consist of two types (Agoncillo, 1990):
▪ A. Direct tax - came from customs duties and bandala taxes
▪ B. Monopolies (Rentas Escantadas) - of special crops and items
❖ buwis is collected either by specie (gold or money) and kind (like rice,
chicken, clothe, abaca, etc.)
❖ In 1570s, tribute was fixed at eight reales (1 real = 121/2 centavos) or in kind
like gold, blankets, cotton, rice, beans and raised to 15 reales till the end of
Spanish period.
✓ Galleon Trade
❖ it is a trading system that existed in 1565 until 1815, and trading routed from
Canton in China, Acapulco in Mexico, and Manila.
❖ his policy changes the system of free trading in the Philippines where other
nationalities are free to exchange their goods.
❖ A policy that a merchant could only participate in the trading if he can
afford to pay for the “boletas” or the ticket for the Galleon trade.
❖ Effects of Galleon Trade:
▪ The decrease in the production of the native industry because the
Alcalde Mayors who were part of the trading imposed the planting of
coconut and abaca fibers.
▪ If the farmers do not meet the imposed quota, they will pay a heavy
fine.
▪ The loss of profit of the local industry
▪ The intercultural exchange between Philippines and Mexico. The
product of Mexico like cocoa, sayote, tames, etc. entered the country
while the mango of the Philippines, rice, and textiles were able to reach
Mexico
Assessment Task Sheet # 2
Checkpoint Write an essay in which you will argue that if Rizal was not born in this
time in which the Philippines experience colonization from the
Spaniards, do you believe that the Philippines will become independent
from Spanish Colonization, or the Philippine Nationalism will not happen
without Rizal becoming part of it?

Follow the writing conditions that was stated above. Word requirement
is essential in your grades.
Reading Material No. 3

THE ADVENT OF A HERO

THE BIOLOGICAL SKETCH

• The life of DR. JOSE RIZAL had served as an inspiration not only to Filipinos, but to all
Freedom-loving peoples throughout the world.
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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
• The pride of the Malay race, a renaissance man and the greatest hero of our nation.
• Born on June 19, 1861 between eleven and twelve o'clock at Calamba, Laguna, his
mother almost died during his birth because of the difficulty in labor due to Rizal’s
large head.
• In his Memoirs, Rizal recollected the following: I was born in Calamba on 19 June
1861, between eleven and midnight, a few days before full moon.
• It was a Wednesday and my coming out in this vale of tears would have cost my
mother her life had she not vowed to the virgin of Antipolo to take me to her
sanctuary by way of pilgrimage.
• Baptized at a Catholic Church of Calamba, on June 22, 1861, by Rev. Rufino
Collantes, a close friend of his family and Fr. Pedro Casanas as his Godfather.
• The boy was named Jose in honor of St. Joseph a patron saint of workers who was
born on March 19.
• As a catholic tradition of giving a name of a saint to a child, He was given the
second name Protacio, a saint & bishop in Milan, whose feast day fall on June 19
• Francisco Mercado Rizal born in Biňan, Laguna. His paternal great-grandfather was a
Chinese named Domingo Lam-co, an immigrant from Fujian China arrived in the late
18th century. He went to Dominican Hacienda in Biñan, Laguna.
• The original surname of the Rizal family was "Mercado". Surname was adopted by
Domingo Lam-co, the paternal Chinese ancestor. In Spanish, Mercado means
“market “. He chose this name because Domingo Lam-co was a merchant.
• 1849, Governor Claveria issued a decree that all Filipino families to choose and
adopt new surnames from a list of Spanish family names taxation purposes.
• Term "Rizal" originated from the word “Ricial” which signifies "green field.” A surname
suited for the family because Don Francisco was a farmer.
• Rizal family belongs to the “Principalia” an aristocratic town of distinguished families.
• They rented from the Dominican Order, they harvested rice, corn, and sugarcane.
Also they raise pigs, chickens and turkeys.
• Teodora managed a grocery store and operated a small flour mill.
• Rizal's parents were able to build a large stone house which was situated near the
town church; own a carriage as a status symbol of “ilustrados” and a private library
consisting of 1000 volumes.
• Their children were studying in colleges in Manila. They participated in all social and
religious affairs in the community. They were gracious and hospitable to all visitors
and guest during town fiestas and other holidays.
• The Rizal family had simple and happy life; they were intimately close
• The parents never spoiled them; they were strict and trained their children to love
God, to behave well, to be obedient and to respect people.
• When got into mischief, they were given good spanking because they believed that
“spare the rod and spoil the child”.

CALAMBA AND RIZAL’S FAMILY

• The “Cradle of a Genius.” Calamba is named after a big native jar surrounded by a
big hacienda belongs to the Dominican friars.
• Jose was the 7th child and the second son in a family of eleven children.
• The Philippines during Rizal’s birth was governed by Jose Lemery in which the town in
Batangas was named after him.
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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
• Rafael Palma said Rizal inherited from his father a sense of dignity and respect.
• The Rizal family was considered one of the riches families in Calamba.
• He described his mother, Dona Teodora as a woman of more than ordinary culture.
➢ was born in Meisik, Sta. Cruz Manila.
➢ She studied at Colegio de Sta. Rosa in Manila
➢ A woman of refined culture and character, with exemplary literary talents, the
fortitude of a spartan woman and with business ability, she managed their store.
➢ Jose Rizal described his mother in his diary; “My mother is a woman of more than
ordinary culture; she knows literature and speaks Spanish better than I. She even
corrected my poems and gave me wise advises when I was studying rhetoric. She
is a mathematician and has read many books”
➢ Rizal character was influenced by his parents. “From his father he inherited a
profound sense of dignity, self respect and seriousness, and from his mother the
dreamer and bravery for sacrifices and her literary prowess.”
➢ She was born in Manila on November 8, 1826, a woman of remarkable talent in
mathematics, business and literature.
➢ She died at the age of eighty-five and refuses a life pension offered by the
Philippine Government.
• He described his father in his memoirs and affectionally called him as a model of
Fathers.
➢ He studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
➢ Moved to Calamba after his parent's death.
➢ Became a tenant farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda.
➢ He was hardworking, and independent-minded who talked less but worked more
and valiant in spirit.
➢ Jose Rizal described his father in his diary; “My father was a model of fathers had
given us an education commensurate with our small fortune; and through thrift he
was able to build a stone house; erect a little nipa house in the middle of our
orchard the shade of some trees and others.”
➢ Francisco Mercado studied Latin and Philosophy at College of San Jose Manila.
➢ Francisco was married to Teodora Alonzo y Quintos Realonda on June 28, 1848, a
woman of fortitude.
• One of the few families to own a horse-drawn carriage, the first to have a home
library almost 1,000 volumes of books and the first to send their children to Manila for
studies.
➢ Saturnina (1850-1913)
✓ She was married to Mauel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan Batangas. (Rizal sent frequent
correspondence while the latter was in Europe)
✓ Children: Alfredo married to Aurora Tiaoqui
❖ Adela married to Jose Ver
❖ Abelardo
❖ Amelia and Augusto who both died young
✓ In 1909, Saturnina published Pascuals Poblete's Taga;\log translation of Noli Me
Tangere
➢ Paciano (1851-1930)
✓ The hero's only brother became an agriculturist and had a college education

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City of Malabon
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Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
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in Manila. A second father to his younger brother Jose and gave him wise
counsel.
✓ He joined General Aguinaldo’s revolutionary army, where he rose to the rank
of
✓ Major General. Returned to Los Banos and order and led the life of a simple
farmer & died in 1930 and was buried in Manila.
✓ He studied Latin under maestro Justiniano Cruz attending the Colegio de San
Jose in Manila.
✓ He lived and worked with Fr. Jose A. Burgos
✓ He oversaw sending money and budget, and constantly advised his brother
Jose Rizal through letters while in Europe.
✓ He became an ally of the Katipunan
✓ He became a general in the revolutionary army during the 1900's
✓ After Rizal's execution in December 1896 in Bagumbayan, he joined the
Philippine Revolution and became a combat general
✓ He returned to his farm in Los Baños, where he lived as a gentleman, a farmer
and died at the age of 79
➢ Narcisa (1852-1939)
✓ She was married to Antonio Lopez a teacher Morong (Nephew of Father
Leoncio Lopez)
✓ She was a musician and an educator from Pueblo de Morong (former name of
Rizal Province)
✓ Children: Emilio
❖ Angelica married to Benito Abreu
❖ Antonio married to Natividad Arguelles
❖ Isabel, Francisco, Arsenio, and Fidela all whom died young
✓ She could recite from memory almost all poems of Jose Rizal
➢ Olympia (1855-1887)
✓ she was married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator of Manila
✓ Children: Aristeo married to Leonarda Limja
✓ Cesario and another boy; both died young
✓ She died while giving birth in 1887
➢ Lucia (1857-1919)
✓ She was married to Mariano Herbosa (nephew of Father Casañas) of Calamba
Laguna.
✓ Children: Delfina married to General Salvador Natividad (Delfina helped
Marcella Agoncillo in making the first Philippine Flag in Hongkong)
❖ Concepcion
❖ Patrocinia married to Jose Battalone
❖ Teodosio married to Lucina Vitingco
❖ Estanislao, Paz, Victoria and Jose.
✓ Her husband, Herbosa died of Cholera and was denied of Christian burial
being the brother-in-law of Rizal
➢ Maria (1859-1945)
✓ She was married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna
✓ Children: Encarnacion married to Rosendo Banaad

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
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❖ Mauricio married to Concepcion Arguelles
❖ Petrona, Paz, Prudencio, who all died young.
➢ Jose (1861-1896)
✓ Married to Josephine Bracken of Hong Kong.
✓ The greatest Filipino hero, and peerless genius
✓ He was a Filipino nationalist and polymath
✓ Opthalmologist, a writer, and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda
Movement which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain
✓ 1872-1877 - studied highschool at Ateneo Municipal de Manila and graduated
with honors
✓ 1878 - took up Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas while
studying surveying at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila.
✓ 1879 - enrolled in College of Medicine at UST
✓ 1884 - he started to write his first novel entitled “Noli Me Tangere”
✓ June 21, 1884 - received the degree in Licentiate in Medicine from the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
✓ June 19, 1885 - received the degree in Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters and
completed studies, Doctor of Medicine.
✓ 1886 - he studied Opthalmology at the University of Leipzig.
✓ February 21, 1887 - completed the novel Noli Me Tangere
✓ March 1887 - published the Noli Me Tangere in Berlin, Germany with the
financial support of Dr. Maximo Viola.
✓ 1890, published his edition of Morga's Sucesos in Paris, France and published
“The Indolence of the Filipinos”
✓ September 18, 1891 - moved to Brussels, Belgium to published his 2nd novel, El
Filibusterismo with assistance of Valentin Ventura and Jose Ma. Basa.
✓ 1892 - founded La Liga Filipina in Tondo, Manila
✓ July 7, 1892 - Andres Bonifacio founded KKK to secure independence from
Spanish rule.
✓ In 1892-1896 - Rizal lived in Dapitan to serve in various capacity
✓ December 30, 1896 - Had a common law relationship with Josephine Bracken,
an Irish girl from Hong Kong. He had a son and died a few hours after death
and named him Francisco after his father.
✓ Rizal was executed for the crime of rebellion after the Philippine Revolution
against the Spanish rule, inspired in part by his writings, broke out.
✓ Though he is not actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately
approved of its goals which eventually led to the Philippine Independence.
✓ Executed by a Firing squad at 7:30 in the morning at the Bagumbayan Field.
He was buried at the Paco Cemetery after execution - widely considered as
one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines
➢ Concepcion (1862-1865)
✓ Died at age of 3.
✓ Her death is regarded as Rizal’s first sorrow that was scribbled in his memoirs.
➢ Josefa (1865-1945)
✓ Head of the woman's chapter of the Katipunan died an old maid.
✓ She was epileptic and died spinster at the age of 80

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
✓ She became a member/president of Katipunan
➢ Trinidad (1868-1951)
✓ Member of the Katipunan, also an old maid
✓ Last of the siblings to survive and died as spinster too; died at the age of 83.
✓ She became a member of the Katipunan
✓ Caretaker of “Mi Ultimo Adios”
➢ Soledad (1870-1929)
✓ She was married to Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
✓ Children: Trinitario married to Maria San Mateo then married Bernabe Malva
(Son of General Miguel Malvar)
❖ Luisa married to Jose Arguelles
❖ Serafin and Felix who died young
✓ She became a teacher, said to have been “the best educated” among Rizal's
sisters.
✓ 1929 - passed away at the age of 59
• All of them got married except Josefa and Trinidad who were spinsters, and
Concepcion who died at age of three.

RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
• In his veins flowed the blood of East and West-Chinese, Japanese, Malay and
Spanish.
• Rizal's father was a great-grandson of Lam-co, a Chinese immigrant from Fujian,
China.
• Rizal’s maternal ancestor was Lakandula, the last king of Tondo.
• Maternal great-great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua, with a Japanese blood and
ancestry.
• Greatest Malayan who ever lived - the title he earned for the wisdom and sacrifices
for the country; up to this day, no Asian has surpassed Rizal's ingenuity and extreme
intelligence.
• Dr. Austin Craig was the first to trace Rizal's family roots and discover his Chinese
ancestry.
• Dr. Jose P. Rizal was a 9th generation patrilineal descendant of a Chinese immigrant
and business tycoon Don Domingo Lamco (Chinese name: Pinyin Ke Yinan) of
Laguna was his great-great grandfather.
• Don Domingo Lamco - is originally from Amoy, China who came to the Philippines in
the mid-17th century. This is where he met his wife, Inez de la Rosa daughter of
Agustin Chinco an immigrant of trader from Chuanchow.
• To avoid the conflict and hostility of the Spanish authorities; Lamco dropped his
surname and adopted that of the Spanish which is “Mercado” which means market
and started businesses of the clan and became a successful entrepreneur.
• June 1697, Mercado was baptized in the Catholic church of Manila's Parian Chinese
ghetto and moved to Biñan Laguna.
• He was 35 years old that time and he became a Chinese community leader; his son
named Francisco Mercado and grandson named Juan Mercado married Chinese
Mestizas and served as distinguished mayor of Biñan Laguna.
• Juan's wife, Cirila Alejandra was the daughter of an immigrant trader and Mercado's
baptismal godson Siong-co. They are the parents of Rizal's father.
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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
• Rizal's father was born, they trasferred to Calamba and have a house built with
stones - a first stone house in the whole town.
• Dr. Jose P. Rizal, Paciano was identified with one of the martyred priest, Jose Burgos
so the family changed their surname from Mercado to Rizal.
• Recent genealogical findings revealed that Rizal also had Spanish, Japanese, and
Negrito ancestry.
• Teodora (Rizal's mother) great grandfather, Eugenio Ursua was a descendant of
Japanese settlers.
• Eugenio Ursua married a Filipino named Benigna and their union produced Regina
Ursua.
• Atty. Manuel de Quintos, a Sangley mestizo from Pangasinan married Regina and
their daughter is named Brigida. Brigida married a half-caste Spaniard named
Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo. They are the parents of Teodora and Rizal's grandparents.

THE RIZAL’S FAMILY HOME

• House which Rizal was born was made of solid and massive earthquake proof
structure with sliding wide window shutters with capiz shells.
• Walls of lime and store bounded the first floor.
• Second floor was entirely of hard wood except for the roof which was of red tile in of
the imposing buildings in Manila.
• Dona Teodora used to tell stories to her children before going to bed.
• She narrated the story of the young moth. Which foresee that Dr. Rizal was destined
to die as a martyr for lofty ideal
• He was amazed by the “Story of the Moth”, written in the book “El Amigos de los
Niños” which depicted the death of the young moth due to his curiosity in flying near
to a fire despite of the stern warning from the mother moth.
• Once upon a time, an old moth had warned her daughter against the flame, so
beautiful, so inviting, yet fatal and deceitful for it destroyed whoever came too close.
She herself said, she was once tempted by it; she had barely escaped with half-burnt
wings. The frightened young moth promised to obey, but was soon asking herself:
“now why should my mother try to give me such a scare? Why should I close my eyes
to such a pretty sight? These old people are such a coward! They think every fly is an
elephant, any old dwarf a giant. What harm can it to me, whatever she says, if I
come near the flame, as long as I am careful? What I am, a little silly? What a story I
shall have for other girls if I, being very careful of course, take a closer look.”
• No sooner said that done, and the silly little moth went fluttering around the flame. At
first, she only felt pleasantly warm; this encouraged her, and she flew closer and
closer until at last, dazzled by flame, fell and perished in it.
• As she put me to bed, my mother said: “See to it that you do not behave like the
young moth. Don't be disobedient, or you may get burned as it did. “I do not know
whether I answered or not.”
• Of all the stories Rizal's mother had told, this is the most memorable that made the
profoundest imprint on him.
• It revealed to Rizal that the things until then are unknown. That moth were not longer
for him, insignificant insect.
That moth communicates and warn just like his mother.
• Moth grown dazzling and more attractive and circled the flames then later on, burnt
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City of Malabon
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Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
itself.
• The tragic fate of the moth left a deep impact on Rizal's mind, and just like it, he was
fated to die as a martyr for a noble ideal.

MEMORIES OF CALAMBA
• He could remember the tenderest care of his mother because he was frail, sickly and
undersized boy.
• At the age of 3, he enjoyed watching in the garden; like watching the insects, maya,
culiawan, maria capra, pipit, marting and other birds.
• He listened “with excitement and wonder” to their twilight songs and sound.
• Another childhood memory was the daily praying of Angelus of 6:00 pm in their altar.
• At the “azotea” on a moonlight night, the “aya” (nursemaid) would tell stories about
fairies, legends, tales of buried treasures and other fabulous stories.
• The aya would threaten him if he would not eat his supper, about aswang, tikbalang,
nuno or the turbaned Bombay will come to take him away
✓ At the age of 3 - join religious processions, and novena in the church
✓ At the age of 5 - he was able to read the Spanish Bible with help of his mother.
✓ Nearly 7 - his father took him for a pilgrimage to Antipolo in order to fulfull his
mother's vows which was made when he was born.
• Calamba a perfect place to nurture a growing child that became the "cradle of a
genius".
• The death of his younger sister Concepcion, Concha as what they called him, was
considered by Rizal as his first sorrow.
• When he was 15 years old and a student at Ateneo de Manila, he wrote a poem “Un
Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo” (In Memory of My Town).

IN MEMORY OF MY TOWN
When I recall the days
That saw my childhood of yore
Beside the verdant shore
Of a murmuring lagoon;
When I remember the sighs
Of the breeze that on my brow
Sweet and caressing did blow
With coolness full of delight;

When I look at the lily white

Fills up with air violent
And the stormy element
On the sand doth meekly sleep;
When sweet 'toxicating scent
From the flowers I inhale
Which at the dawn they exhale
When at us it begins to peep;

I sadly recall your face,

Oh precious infancy,
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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
That a mother lovingly
Did succeed to embellish.
I remember a simple town;
My cradle, joy and boon,
Beside the cool lagoon
The seat of my entire wish.

Oh, yes! With uncertain pace

I trod your forest lands,
And on your river banks
A pleasant fun I found;
At your rustic temple I prayed
With a little boy's simple faith
And your aura's flawless breath
Filled my heart with joy profound.

Saw I God in the grandeur

Of your woods which for centuries stand;
Never did I understand
In your bosom what sorrows were;
While I gazed on your azure sky
Neither love nor tenderness
Failed me, 'cause my happiness
In the heart of nature rests there.

Tender childhood, beautiful town,

Rich fountain of happiness,
Of harmonious melodies,
That drive away my sorrow!
Return thee to my heart,
Bring back my gentle hours
As do the birds when the flow'rs

Would again begin to blow!

But, alas, adieu! E'er watch
For your peace, joy and repose,
Genius of good who kindly dispose
Of his blessings with amour;
It's for thee my fervent pray'rs,
It's for thee my constant desire
Knowledge ever to acquire
And may God keep your candour!

• Memories are characterized by playing in the garden while he watched and

marveled to birds like the maya, the culiauan, pipit and maria-capra.
• Rizal was often called by his brother or sisters as Ute but was often called Pepe

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
• Food served did not appeal his taste; the maid would threaten him about the
aswang and the tikbalang if he refuses to eat his meal.
• Jose a young boy was very pious and devoted son of the Catholic Church.
• At early age of three, he used to take part in the family prayers.
• Loved to go to church for spiritual nourishment and to join religious activities.
• Rode in a casco (barge) across Laguna de Bay and praying at the shrine of Our
Lady of Peace and Good Voyage of Antipolo.
Assessment Task Sheet # 3
Checkpoint
This task can be done my pair as long as you follow strictly proper health
protocols. Doing it with face-to-face interaction is highly discourage.
Create a flow chart showing the family tree of the Rizal family. You will
start with their parents, and under them were their children and
grandchildren. There is no need to draw an actual tree. It can be done
manually or electronically. Photos of your work should be submitted to
Moodle.
Reading Material No. 4

RIZAL’S EARLY EDUCATION

EARLY SCHOOLING
• Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother and her mother was a strict but a patient
teacher. He was regarded by Rizal as his first teacher.
• The following are considered as Rizal’s early education teachers.
✓ Doña Teodora - his mother is his first teacher; barely 3 years old, Rizal learned the
alphabet from his mother. He was taught how to read and write in Spanish.
✓ Mastro Celestino - 1st private tutor
✓ Maestro Lucas Padua - 2nd private tutor
✓ Leon Monroy - former classmate of Rizal's father, became his tutor; he instructed
Jose in Spanish and Latin - he died five months later.
✓ Uncle Manuel Alberto - seeing Rizal frail body, concerned himself with the physical
development of his young nephew and taught the latter love for the open air
and developed in him a great admiration for the beauty of nature.
✓ Uncle Gregorio - a scholar, instilled into the mind of the boy for education,
advising Rizal “work hard and perform every task very carefully; learn to be swift
as well as thorough; be independent in thinking and make visual pictures of
everything”.
✓ Father Leoncio Lopez - fostered Rizal's love for the scholarship and intellectual
honesty; an old parish priest of Calamba
✓ At an early age, Rizal was already exposed to the injustices and brutalities of
Spanish authority in particular the Guardia Civil who were supposed to protect
the people from harm.
• He wrote and related to it and this awakened to fight tyranny.
• Rizal loved for his sisters that he usually wrote letters for them, emphasize women and
their righteous place in the society
• Rizal possessed a God-given talent for literature which was noticed by his mother;
due to his poetic inclination, she encouraged Rizal to write poetry.
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City of Malabon
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EARLY EDUCATION AT BIŇAN
• Don Francisco sent his son to Binan to continue his studies of Latin under Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
• June 1869, Paciano accompanied Rizal to Biñan to continue his studies.
• The next day, Paciano brought rizal to the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz,
his older brother's former teacher.
• Rizal described his teacher as tall, thin a body, long-necked man, with sharp nose.
He usually wore a sinamay shirt woven by the skillful hands of the Batanguenas.
• Maestro Justiniano was a disciplinarian, a tall man, lean and long necked, with sharp
nose and a body slightly bent forward.
• In the afternoon, Jose met the bully, Pedro. He was angry for making fun of him
during his conversation with the teacher, so he challenged Pedro to a fight; Jose
who learned the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel defeated the bully. Then
he became popular.
• After the class in the afternoon, a classmate named Andres Salandanan challenged
Jose for an arm-wrestling match; Jose who have a weaker arm lost and nearly
cracked his hand on the sidewalk
• He had several fights with the boys of Biñan. He was not quarrelsome, but he never
run away from a fight.
• Jose spent his leisure hours with Maestro Justiniano's father-in-law, a master painter
named Juancho and became an apprentice together with Jose Guevarra -
became class best painter
• Jose led a frugal and methodical life in Biñan; his time was well budgeted, and
studies diligently excelled in classes
• He left Binan on December 7, 1871 after staying for one and half years.
• Because Maestro Aquino Cruz told his parents that Dr. Rizal need to be educated in
Manila and that all he knows were already learned by Pepe.
• He excelled in all subjects especially Latin and Spanish languages.
• His teacher wrote a letter to his parents that it was time to send Rizal to a school in
Manila.

THE VICTIM OF INJUSTICE

• Dona Teodora was arrested on a malicious charge that she allegedly aided her
brother, Jose Alberto in trying to poison Alberto’s wife.
• Jose Alberto was a prominent businessman in Biňan who owned big tract of land,
went to Europe on a business trip.
• His wife abandoned their conjugal home and lived with another man. Don Alberto
returned to Biňan and planned to file an annulment of their marriage.
• The lieutenant who was a bully and overbearing person and who habitually
badgered and intimidated weaker people. Don Francisco refused to give him
fodder a kind of feed for his horse.
• The lieutenant took this opportunity to avenge himself and got even against Don
Francisco and arrested Dona Teodora. The judge who had been a guest of the Rizal
family in various social gatherings was also like the arrogant lieutenant.
• Ordered that Dona Teodora be sent immediately to the provincial jail in Sta. Cruz,
the capital of Laguna, Dona Teodora was forced to walk on foot under the
scorching heat of the sun, from Calamba to Santa Cruz.
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• The unjust execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora, accused of conspiracy
of the Cavite Mutiny garroted on February 17, 1872.
• Paciano a student in the College of San Jose in Manila, boarding with Father Burgos,
his most esteemed professor and friend.
• The age of eight years, Rizal revealed his God given talents in literary by writing
poems. The poem he wrote in Tagalog was entitled “Sa Aking mga Kabata” (To My
Fellow Children).
• Sa Aking Mga Kabata” reveals Rizal's earliest nationalist sentiment. In poetic verses,
he proudly proclaimed that a people who truly love their native language will surely
strive for liberty like “the bird which soars to freer space above” and the Tagalog is
the equal of Latin, English, Spanish and any other language

SA AKING MGA KABATA

Kapagka ang baya'y sadyang umiibig
sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit,
sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapit
katulad ng ibong na sa himpapawid.

Pagka't ang salita'y isang kahatulan

sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian,
at isang tao'y katulad, kabagay
sa alin mang likha noong kalayaan.

Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita

mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda,
kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa
na tulad sa inang tunay nanagpala.

Ang wikang tagalog tulad din sa latin,

sa ingles, kastila at salitang angel,
sa pagka ang Foong maalam tumingin
ang siyang nag-gawad, nagbigay sa atin.

Ang salita nati'y huad sa iba

na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
na kaya nawala'y dinatnan ng sigwa
ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.
Assessment Task Sheet # 4
Checkpoint Above are reading materials about Rizal’s early education. Read them
and answer the following questions.

1. In your opinion, did Rizal’s early education make him ready for
higher level of education? Explain your answer.
2. In your own perception, did Rizal early education highly influenced
his personal life belief and principles that made him our National
Hero? Elucidate your answer.
3. At an early age, Dr. Rizal witness the injustice that was esperienced
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by his mother. Do you think this particular experienced highly
influence his disgust against the Spanish Government and the
Catholic Church? Expound your answer.
4. It is in the belief of others that “Sa Aking mga Kabata” was not
written by Rizal because of some reasons like his age and that the
use of letter K was not widely used during the time that the poem
was written. In your own poit of view, do you believe that this poem
was written by young Rizal? Justify your answer.
Reading Material No. 5

JOSE RIZAL AS A STUDENT OF MANILA

A STUDENT IN ATENEO
• He went to Manila on June 10, 1872, Jose took the examinations on Christian
doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and
enrolled in Ateneo, a college under the supervision of Spanish Jesuits.
• Don Francisco wished him to study at Letran, later changed his mind and sent him to
Ateneo de Manila. For two reasons.
➢ He was late for registration.
➢ He was sickly and undersized for his age.
• The Jesuits opened the Ateneo to everyone without any racial or financial
discrimination.
• Style of education practice by the Jesuits gave emphasis to rigid discipline and
character building. Classes began and ended with prayers.
• He entered the institution of Ateneo De Manila and used the surname Rizal.
• Fr. Magin Fernando said he was late for registration but w/ the help of Manuel Xeres
Burgos, nephew of Fr. Jose Burgos, he was able to enter.
• The school year 1871-1872, opened in June, Rizal like any other neophytes in a new
school environment was filled of excitement and joy.
• Dressed like the others hemp-fabric trousers and striped cotton coat called
“Rayadillo”, which was later adopted as the uniform of the revolution, went to school
chapel to hear Mass and prayed fervently to God.
• Jesuits' system of education was more advanced which discipline was rigid and the
methods were varied. Thus, as a religious institute, its principal purpose was to mold
the character and the will of the boys, to comply easily with the precepts of the
church.
• Fr. Jose Bech was Rizal first professor in Ateneo. Rizal as a newcomer with little
knowledge in Spanish and an externo (non-boarders) placed in Carthaginian Empire
• In Jesuit colleges, two empires were established to stimulate the students, a Roman
Empire which consist of the “Internos” or those who live inside Intramuros and a
Carthaginian Empire which consist of the “Externos” or those who live outside
Intramuros, for supremacy in the class.
• The two empires have its ranks namely, Emperor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion and
the Standard Bearer.
• Jose Rizal progressed well in his studies that after 1 month he became an “emperor”
and was considered the brightest pupil of the class.
• March 1873, end of school year; he returned to Calamba for summer vacation - did
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not enjoy his vacation for his mother was arrested on a malicious charge that she
and her brother, Jose Alberto tried to poison the latter's wife.
• In his second year (1873-74), he received excellent grades in all subject and a gold
medal as a diligent student and voracious reader.
• Rizal kept reading fiction, non-fiction, and novel like “the Count of Monte Cristo” by
Alexander Dumas and relate himself to the sufferings of Edmond Dantes (the hero).
• He also read “Travels in the Philippines” written by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German
scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860. The book consist of keen
observation and defects of Spanish colonization and a prophecy that they will lose
and be succeeded by America as a colonizer
• He also read the “Universal History” by Cesar Cantus which was a rich source of
historical facts about the world - used to read this while in Ateneo.
• On his 4th Year, he was inspired to study hard and to write poetry by one of his best
professors, Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez, a great educator and scholar.
• Rizal's formal lesson at the Ateneo gradually gained him proficiency both in the art of
rhetoric and in the art of independent thinking.
• He expressed his ideas on the value of education in his poem “Through Education
the Country Receives Light” (April 1, 1876, Por la Education Recibe Lustre la Patria)
• In this poem, he stressed that responsible education instills in the youth, noble ideas
and sublime virtues. Learning infuses truth, and discipline brings peace, glory and
tranquility to the nation.
• In addition, this poem shows Rizal's high regard for education. He strongly believed in
the important role which education plays in the development and progress of a
nation.
• The poem was translated to English by Dr. Frank C. Laucbach
• He was awarded a saint's picture as his prize when he reached the rank of Emperor
for a short span of one month.
• Later in his studies, his mother was released from prison and he was able to focus on
his studies and study harder.
• He spent three pesos for Spanish lessons at Sta. Isabel College to improve his
speaking ability of the Spanish language.
• “My First Inspiration.”; this poem was written by Rizal in Ateneo as an expression of
good wishes on his mother's birthday.

MY FIRST INSPIRATION
Why falls so rich a spray
of fragrance from the bowers
of the balmy flowers
upon this festive day?

Why from woods and vales

do we hear sweet measures ringing
that seem to be the singing
of a choir of nightingales?

Why in the grass below

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do birds start at the wind's noises,
unleashing their honeyed voices
as they hop from bough to bough?

Why should the spring that glows

its crystalline murmur be tuning
to the zephyr's mellow crooning
as among the flowers it flows.

Why seems to me more endearing,

fairer than on other days,
the dawn's enchanting face
among red clouds appearing.

The reason, dear mother, is

they feast your day of bloom:
the rose with its perfume,
the bird with its harmonies.

And the spring that rings with laughter

upon this joyful day
with its murmur seems to say:
"Live happily ever after!"

And from that spring in the grove

now turn to hear the first note
that from my lute I emote
to the impulse of my love.

• Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez which he described as "a great educator and
scholar” was his favorite teacher while he was studying in Ateneo.
• One day he curved the image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of Philippine hardwood
batikuling with a pocket-knife.
• The Jesuit Friars were amazed by his skills. Father Leonard requested Rizal to curve for
him the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
• It was placed on the door of the dormitory of the Ateneo and remained for almost
twenty years, which until now still placed in the present campus of Ateneo.
• He excelled in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the school term; and
offered all his excellent ratings and medals to his parents.
• Considered the most brilliant Atenean of his time - the “Pride of the Jesuits”
• During his stay, his grades were all Sobresaliente (Excellent)
• March 23, 1877; he received his degree of Bachelor of Art with honors.
• The academic excellence of Rizal and his literary skills qualified him for membership in
two exclusive organizations at the Ateneo namely: He became the perfect
candidate for
• The Academy of Spanish Literature and The Academy of Natural Science
• He also joined the Marian Congregations (Sodality of our Lady and Apostleship of
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Prayer) - where he became the secretary
• Rizal's Studies at University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)
• He pursued his studies in UST because the Bachelor of Arts course during Spanish
times was equivalent only to the high school and junior college courses today.
• His mother was opposed to his son's pursuing higher education in Manila because of
the tragic faith of GOMBURZA.
• During his 1st year at UST, he studied simultaneously at Ateneo taking up vocational
course leading to the title of “perito agrimensor” (expert surveyor) with the grades of
“Excellent” but was not given title because he was still 17 years old.
• Finally decided to take medicine with the advice of Fr. Pablo Ramon to cure Doña
Teodora's failing eyesight.
• He first tastes the Spanish brutality when he was in Calamba spending summer
vacation after a long tedious study as medical student of UST.
• One night while he was walking alone a dark street, Rizal failed to recognize the
Spanish civil guard, passing by his side, thus, he did not bow, salute or greet the man.
• At a striking distance, the civil guard (Guardia Civil) whipped Rizal mercilessly at the
back with a stingray tail (buntot ng pagi).
• He suffered from the wounds inflicted on his back that lasted for two weeks before it
was completely healed.
• He could not accept such brutal treatment. When the incident was reported to the
Captain General Primo de Rivera, he was even reprimanded and even told Rizal
that he should be thankful for being still alive and spared by the civil guard.

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ATENEO DE MANILA TAKING UP BATSILYER Y ARTES

First Year in Ateneo 1872-1873

Arithmetic I Sobresaliente
Latin I Sobresaliente
Spanish I Sobresaliente
Greek I Sobresaliente

SecondYear in Ateneo 1873-1874

Latin II Sobresaliente
Spanish II Sobresaliente
Greek II Sobresaliente
Universal Geography Sobresaliente

Third Year in Ateneo 1874-1875

Latin III Sobresaliente
Spanish III Sobresaliente
Greek III Sobresaliente
Universal History Sobresaliente
History of Spain and the Philippines Sobresaliente
Arithmetic and Algebra Sobresaliente

Fourth Year in Ateneo 1875-1876

Rhetoric and Poetry Sobresaliente
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French I Sobresaliente
Geometry and Trigonometry Sobresaliente

Fifth Year in Ateneo 1876-1877

Philosophy I Sobresaliente
Mineralogy and Chemistry Sobresaliente
Philosophy II Sobresaliente
Physics Sobresaliente
Botany & Zoology Sobresaliente

FIRST LOVE
• The girl who captured his heart for the first time was the fourteen-year-old Segunda
Katigbak who was a boarder at La Concordia College.
• She was the sister of Mariano Katigbak, Rizal’s friend and also, she was a close friend
of Olympia, Rizal’s sister. But Segunda was engaged to be married with Manuel Luz of
Lipa.
• Personal affection happened in 1880, while boarding in the home of his uncle
Antonio Rivera.
• Pepe fell in love with his beautiful daughter Leonora whom he describe with beauty
light skin almost white wavy hair, almost blond, small and gracious mouth; large, dark
eyes shaded by long eyelashes, nose of correct profile.
Assessment Task Sheet # 5
Checkpoint Create a timeline/flowchart showing the important events in Rizal’s life.
Cite at least twenty-five situations or events. You may start between his
studies in Binan up to before his first departure to Europe. A train/story
flow chart is the suggested concept map that you may use but
remember you can use other kind of concept map that is deem suited
for the task at hand. Make your work a creative one.
Reading Material No. 6

MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE UST

STUDENT AT UST
• Rizal enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas, taking the first course in Philosophy in
April 1877 which was located inside Intramuros. He chose this course for two reasons.
➢ His father liked it
➢ He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue
• He sought the guidance of Fr. Pablo Ramon, Rector of Ateneo as to what course he
will take with who recommended him to take up course in medicine.
• In 1878; he decided to shift to medicine and the decision was prompted to cure his
mother failing eyesight.
• Subsequently, he returned to Ateneo to take up surveying, and later received the
title of “Perito Agrimensor”.

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT THE PONTIFICAL UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS

Records of Rizal in UST

Course of Theology and Law 1877-1879
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Cosmology Sobresaliente
Metaphysics Sobresaliente
Theodicy Sobresaliente
History of Philosophy Sobresaliente

Course of Medicine 1878-1879

Advanced Physics Aprovechado (very good)
Advanced Chemistry Sobresaliente
Advanced National History Aprovechado

First Year of Medicine

General Anatomy and Histology Bueno (good)
Descriptive Anatomy Bueno
Exercises of Osteology and Dissection Bueno

Second Year of Medicine 1879-1880

General Anatomy and Histology II Bueno
Descriptive Anatomy Bueno
Exercises of Dissection Bueno
Physiology, Private and Public Hygiene Bueno

Third Year of Medicine 1880-1881

General Pathology Aprovado (passed)
Therapeutics, Medical Matters,
and Arts Prescribing Sobresaliente
Surgical Anatomy Operations Bueno

Fourth Year of Medicine 1881-1882

Medical Pathology Aprovechado
Surgical Pathology Aprovechado
Obstetrics, Sickness for Women and Children Aprovechado
Siphilography Aprovechado

• Academic climate at University of Sto. Tomas was quite different from Ateneo.
• Most Dominican professors seemed hostile to him.
• Methods of instruction were traditional and, in some cases, repressive.
• In El Filibusterismo, Rizal described how some Dominican professors insulted Filipino
students and mockingly called them Indios. University of Sto. Tomas, the oldest
university in the Philippines and even older than Harvard University.
• “A la Juventud Filipina” (To the Filipino Youth) was written by Rizal when he was
eighteen years old at the University of Santo Tomas.
• He joined this piece in a literary contest that was participated by Filipinos and
Spanish mestizos. The board of judges who were composed of Spaniards were
impressed by Rizal's poem and awarded the first prize to him.
• There are two reason why A la Juventud Filipina were considered superior;
➢ It was a great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino, whose merit was recognized
by Spanish literary authorities.
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➢ It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos and not
the foreigners were the “fair hope of the Fatherland”

SA KABATAANG PILIPINO
Itaas ang iyong noong aliwalas
ngayon, Kabataan ng aking pangarap!
ang aking talino na tanging liwanag
ay pagitawin mo, Pag-asa ng Bukas!

Ikaw ay lumitaw, O Katalinuhan

magitang na diwang puno sa isipan
mga puso nami'y sa iyo'y naghihintay
at dalhin mo roon sa kaitaasan.

Bumaba kang taglay ang kagiliw-giliw

na mga silahis ng agham at sining
mga Kabataan, hayo na't lagutin
ang gapos ng iyong diwa at damdamin.

Masdan ang putong na lubhang makinang

sa gitna ng dilim ay matitigan
maalam na kamay, may dakilang alay
sa nagdurusa mong bayang minamahal.

Ikaw na may bagwis ng pakpak na nais

kagyat na lumipad sa tuktok ng langit
paghanapin mo ang malambing na tinig
doon sa Olimpo'y pawang nagsisikap.

Ikaw na ang himig ay lalong mairog

Tulad ni Pilomel na sa luha'y gamot
at mabisang lunas sa dusa't himuntok
ng puso at diwang sakbibi ng lungkot

Ikaw, na ang diwa'y makapangyarihan

matigas na bato'y mabibigyang-buhay
mapagbabago mo alaalang taglay
sa iyo'y nagiging walang kamatayan.

Ikaw, na may diwang inibig ni Apeles

sa wika inamo ni Pebong kay rikit
sa isang kaputol na lonang maliit
ginuhit ang ganda at kulay ng langit.

Humayo ka ngayon, papagningasin mo

ang alab ng iyong isip at talino
maganda mong ngala'y ikalat sa mundo
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at ipagsigawan ang dangal ng tao.

Araw na dakila ng ligaya't galak

magsaya ka ngayon, mutyang Pilipinas
purihin ang bayang sa iyo'y lumingap
at siyang nag-akay sa mabuting palad.

• Rizal also joined El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods) in a literary
contest that were participated by newspapermen, professors and other scholars,
most of them were Spanish, to commemorate the 400th year Death Anniversary of
Miguel de Cervantes who wrote Don Quixote. He won the first place and received a
gold ring on which the bust of Cervantes was engraved.
• Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their fights against the arrogant
Spanish students, who insultingly called their brown classmates “Indio, chongo!” In
retaliation, the Filipino students called them “Kastila, bangus!”.
• In 1880 - Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in the University of Santo
Tomas called “Compaňerismo” (Comradeship), whose members were called
“Companions of Jehu,” after the valiant Hebrew general who fought the Armaeans.
• Galicano Apacible - Rizal’s cousin from Batangas; secretary of Compañerismo.
• Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila where Rizal was wounded on the head,
and tenderly washed and dressed by Leonor Rivera in his boarding house “Casa
Tomasina”.
• He left U.S.T. for the following reasons.
➢ The Dominican professors were hostile to him.
➢ The Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards.
➢ The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
• Jose Rizal continues his 4 years of medical degree at UST - the academic freedom he
had enjoyed while at Ateneo was weakened by the racial prejudice and limitations
at the UST.
• Nevertheless, he finishes his course for he wanted to treat the failing eyesight of his
mother.
• His general average was creditable, but he found the classroom inadequate for his
academic curiosity that is why he decided to continue his study to SPAIN.
• Aside from studying abroad, he intended to observe the life, culture, industries,
government, and laws of the European nations to prepare himself in his obsession to
liberate the Filipino people from Spanish tyranny.
• The plan of leaving was not known to his parents only Paciano the older brother,
Saturnina and Lucia, his uncle Antonio Rivera and other friends supported him
• Because of these reasons, Rizal decided to go abroad to continue his studies. His
brother Paciano, Saturnina, Lucia, Antonio Rivera and the Valenzuelas’ were the
ones who know of Rizal’s decision.
• After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain.
He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and hostility in the
University of Santo Tomas.

VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY

• During his stay in U.S.T., Rizal became a victim of Spanish officer’s brutality. As he
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recollected in his letter addressed to Blumentritt, he recalled the story that he was
brutally slashed with the sword of the Guardia Civil when he failed to pay respect to
the latter. He reported the incident to the Governor General, but nothing had
happened.
• One dark night in Calamba, during the summer vacation in 1878, when Rizal was
walking in the street and dimly perceived the figure of a man while passing him.
• Not knowing the person was a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil; he did not salute nor
say greetings.
• With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped out his sword and brutally slashed his
back.
• Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor
General of the Philippines at that time, but nothing came out because he was an
Indio, and the accused was a Spaniard.
• Later in a letter to Blumentritt dated March 21, 1887, he related, “I went to the
Captain-General, but I could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two weeks.”

RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN

• Summer of May 1881 - Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil, famous shrine
of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.
• He was accompanied by his sisters—Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and their female
friends.
• They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and
stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, whose son Nicolas was Rizal’s
friend in Manila.
• Rizal and his companions were fascinated by the famous turumba (people dancing
in the streets during the procession in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los
Dolores)
• Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully
played the harp at the Regalado home.
• Reasons why Rizal and his company made side trip to the neighboring town of
Pagsanjan:
➢ it was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
➢ to see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.

RIZAL’S LOVE
• Jose courted a young woman named Miss L and as fair and seductive attractive
eyes. But the identity of this Ms. L is still lost in our history.
• During his Sophomore year, while living in the boarding house owned by Dona
Concha Leyva, he fell in love with Leonor Valenzuela, who described by Pepe as a
tall girl with regal bearing. Her pet name was Orang.
• Rizal was a frequent visitor in the Valenzuela home especially during special
occasions where he was most popular because of his clever sleigh of the hand tricks.
• Using his knowledge in Chemistry, he courted Leonor, sent love notes in invisible ink
which could only be read when heated over a candle lamp.
• Strangely, their romance ended without proposing marriage to Orang.
• In 1879, during his junior year, he lived in Casa Tomasina owned by his uncle, Antonio
Rivera, who has a pretty daughter named Leonor. A student of La Concordia, Rizal
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described her as a frail, pretty girl tender as a budding flower with kindly, wistful eyes.
Rizal called her “Taimis”
• Leonor Rivera, a cousin from Camiling Tarlac. He was Jose Rizal’s true love for 11
years and reflected as Maria Clara in Noli Me Tangere.
• For Jose, the young lady Leonor was a beauty: light skin almost white, wavy hair,
almost blond, small and gracious mouth, large, dark eyes shaded by long
eyelashes, nose of correct profile, neither too sharp nor too flat, a smile tinged with
two glad dimples in the cheeks, agreeable conversation, sweet voice and
harmonious laughter.
• Leonor is as “tender as budding flower with kindly and wistful eyes.”
• Beautiful love sprang between the two and eventually, they became engaged.
• To hide their relationship from their parents and friends, Leonor used a pen name
“Taimis” in her letters to Jose.
• After his fourth year in medical studies, Rizal decided to go to Spain for further studies
which he made it a secret to Leonor Rivera.
• Instead, he wrote a letter for Leonor which was delivered shortly after he had sailed
away.
• Leonor was deeply hurt of this and after four months, Jose received a letter from his
sister Pangoy telling him that Leonor was unhappy and was getting thinner.
• When he returned to the Philippines in 1887, he failed to see her, although he wanted
so much to go to Dagupan where she was staying. His parents told him that Leonor’s
mother did not want him to her son-in-law.
• There was a custom that time that marriage must be arranged by both parents of
the bride and the groom.
• While Jose Rizal was in Madrid in 1890 feeling bitterly with so many disappointments,
he received a letter from Leonor Rivera telling him of her marriage to an English
Engineer Charles Kipping and asked for forgiveness.
• He confided his agony to his best friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt who consoled him
and said, “Your last letter filled us with sadness; after all the misfortunes that have
befallen you, now your beloved has abandoned you. I am grieved with all my heart
that you have lost the girl to whom you were engaged; but if she was able to
renounce you, she did not possess the nobility of your spirit.”
Assessment Task Sheet # 6
Checkpoint In his poem, A la Juventud Filipina, he considered the youth as the fair
hope of our fatherland (Ang kabataan ay pag-asa ng bayan). Write a
four-stanza, four-liner-poem in which you will show how you view the
youth in our present time. It can be in Filipino or in English.
Reading Material No. 7

DR. JOSE RIZAL’S FIRST TRIP TO EUROPE

LEFT FOR SPAIN

• The departure for Spain was kept utmost secrecy even to his parents and other sisters
who were not informed about it until his ship has lifted its anchor.
• He left Calamba by caromata on May 1, 1882 and reached Manila after ten hours of
travel.
• The travel passport was issued in the name of "Jose Mercado" was ready.
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• His brother Paciano who gave him some money and Saturnina who also gave him a
diamond ring were the one who accompanied him in the Port.
• May 1, 1882 - he began writing farewell letters to his friends and family
• Using the name Jose Mercado, departure for Spain was made possible
• A Jesuit priest gave him letter of recommendation from the Ateneo Authorities to the
Jesuit fathers in Barcelona, Spain.
• May 3, 1882 - Rizal left on board the Spanish steamer ship Salvadora bound for
Singapore (he was the only Filipino)
• On board, he got along famously with the passenger including the ship Captain,
Donato Lecha which is from Asturias Spain
• Tears welled from his eyes and as the S.S. “Salvadora” sailed further away from
Manila. He befriended its’ captain, Donato Lecha, a native of Asturias, Spain, whom
he described in his diary as “an affable man much more refined than his other
countrymen and colleagues that I have met.”

RIZAL’S FIRST TRAVEL

• He took paper and pencil and made some sketches. His fellow-passengers were
foreign travelers and Spanish traders, students and laborers retuning to Spain.
• He was fascinated by the beautiful island city of Singapore and associated it with the
“Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga.”
• Rizal was so impressed by its progress, its clean and beautiful scenery.
• After 5 days of sailing, the ship reached the English Colony Singapore.
• He registered at Hotel dela Paz; and the rest of his days were spent on visiting historic
places, temples, botanical garden, art galleries and statue of Sir Thomas Stanford
Raffles (Founder of Singapore in 1819)
• May 11, 1882 - From Singapore, Rizal boarded the Djemnah, a French ship bound for
Europe., which was bigger and better than the Salvadora which was sailing to
Europe.
• French was mostly spoken on board and to his surprise, the French he learned at the
Ateneo could not be understood - so he gradually improved his facility of language
conversing daily with the passengers.
• May 17, 1882 - Djemnah made its stopover at the Point Galle which is a seacoast
town in Southern Ceylon (now Sri-Lanka).
• He notes that “the seacoast town is a picturesque but lonely, quiet and at the same
time sad.”
• May 18, 1882 - the ship headed north and docked at Colombo, capital of Ceylon
(Sri-Lanka); Rizal wrote, “Colombo is more beautiful, smart and elegant than
Singapore, Point Galle and Manila.”
• The Djemnah continued to voyage crossing the Indian Ocean to the Cape of
Guardafui - the barren coast of Africa which he called an “inhospitable land but
famous.”
• The next stopover was in Aden - the first time that Rizal stepped in African soil and
saw real camels.
• From Aden, the streamer arrived at Port Said (the red sea terminal of the Suez Cana)
in the City of Suez, and Rizal was fascinated by the multi-racial inhabitants speaking
“A Babel of Tongues” - Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, French, Italian, Spanish, ect.
• From Port Said, the ship traversed the Suez Canal and on June 11, 1882 arrived at
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Napoli (now Naples, Italy) - Rizal explore the European territory in his sight and was
pleased because of its business activities, its live people, its panoramic beauty like
Mt. Vesuvius, The Castle of Saint Telmo, and others.
• The ship proceeds to Marseilles and arrived at the French harbor on June 12, 1882.
• June 12, 1882 the ship docked at the French harbor Marseilles where he
disembarked. He stayed two and a half days in Marseilles where he visited the
famous Chateau d’If, the setting of the famous novel “The Count of Monte Cristo” of
Alexander Dumas, at which its’ hero Dantes was imprisoned.
• June 15, 1882 - in the afternoon, Rizal left Merseilles by train bound for Barcelona. It
crossed Pyrenees and stropped for a day at Port Bou for passport inspection.

BARCELONA
• Barcelona is a city of Cataluňa, Spain’s second largest city. His impression of the city
was quite where freedom and liberalism were enjoyed.
• June 16, 1882 - Rizal finally reached Barcelona, the second largest city of Spain and
the greatest city of Cataluña.
• Rizal's first impression of the city was not favorable for he happened stay upod his
arrival at a dirty inn wherein the staff and guests were indifferent to him.
• Later, this first impression changed and found Barcelona to be really a great city, the
people were courageous, open-hearted and hospitable, and most of all the
atmosphere of freedom and liberalism was felt.
• His former classmates in Ateneo welcomed him and was given a party at the favorite
cafe in Plaza de Cataluña.
• In Barcelona he wrote a nationalistic article “Love of Country” (Amor Patria), where
he urged his compatriots to love their fatherland. It was his first literary piece (prose)
written in a foreign land.
• He also wrote “Travels” (Los Viajes) and Review of Madrid (Revisa de Madrid), all
were written for the Diariong Tagalog of Manila. He used his penname Laong Laan in
writing these articles.
• While in Barcelona, Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled - Amor Patrio (Love of
Country) - which was his first article written in Spain's soil under the penname Laong
Laan.
• He sent this to his friend Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher of Diariong Tagalog - the first
Manila newspaper published both Spanish and Tagalog.
• August 20, 1882 - the Amor Patrio was published in two texts: the tagalog text was
translated by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
• In this essay, Rizal urged the Filipinos to love the Philippines, their fatherland. Thus, he
wanted them to be free, to be people with dignity and honor according. to God's
plan.
• Because of the nationalistic fervor that the essay brings to the Philippines, Rizal's
friend encourage him to write more.
• In response, he wrote the second article for Diariong Tagalog which is Los Viajes
(Travels).
• His third article which is Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) was returned to him for
Diariong Tagalog had stopped the publication due to lack of funds.
Assessment Task Sheet # 7
Checkpoint As a traveler, Rizal has a good gaze and glimpse of the world outside
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the Philippines. He travelled the world with an eye that marveled
different beautiful scenery and experience the culture other country
may offer. For your task, list at least five destination outside the
Philippines that you want to visit. State reasons for each place why you
want to pay a visit that country or city. Follow the writing conditions
stated above.
Reading Material No. 8

IN SUNNY SPAIN

MADRID
• September 1882, Rizal transferred to the Spanish capital city of Madrid in order to
continue his medical studies. He enrolled in two courses in Medicine and in
Philosophy and Letters in the famous Universidad Central de Madrid.
• His study habit is systematic and well-organized because he wanted to learn so
much within a short time.
• During his free hours, he practiced shooting and fencing, or he attended lectures on
art galleries and museums and read books on all subjects including military
engineering.
• He rigidly budgets his money and time and he lived frugally with immense capacity
for work.
• He was a voracious reader who could stay until midnight reading fiction and
nonfiction novels.
• He also took up lessons in painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of San
Fernando. He attended classes in French, German and English under private
instructor and practiced fencing and shooting at the Hall of Arms of Sanz y
Carbonell.
• Rizal also met with other Filipino students who formed the Spanish-Filipino Circle. He
declaimed a poem entitled “Me Piden Versos” (They Ask me for Verses; his first poem
written in foreign soil), which he wrote in the request of the members of Circulo
Hispano-Filipino. The translation to English was written by Charles E. Derbyshire.
• To enhance his artistic talent, he also took lessons in painting and sculpture at the
Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando)
• With many books he had read, two books left a deep impression on him that
heightened his sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate people and these were
the following:
➢ Uncle Tom's Cabin by Hariet Beecher Stowe
➢ The Wandering Jew by Eugene Sue
• Filipinos used to meet and gather at the home of Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, former
Mayor of Manila during Governor Carlos Ma. de la Torre's regime. He fell in love with
Don Pablo’s daughter, Consuelo Ortega y Perez to whom he dedicated a poem
entitled “A la Seňorita C.O. y P.”
• Aside from studies, Rizal had the chance to meet Consuelo Ortiga y Perez - He fell in
love with Consuelo but because of Eduardo de Lete was courting her, Rizal did not
pursue further and made a poem for Consuelo.
• August 22, 1883 - The poem Miss Consuelo Ortiga y Rey (Miss C.O.Y.R) was written
• In 1883, Rizal visited Paris for the first time which he affectionately described as the
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“Costliest Capital in Europe.”
• Rizal joined Masonry that exposed him to liberal ideas and cultural influences
postulating the maximum individual freedom of action.
• He joined the Masonry for two inferential reasons:
➢ The abuse committed by friars against the Filipino people.
➢ The possible help the Masons could extend as a protective shield to use in his fight
against evil forces of the tyranny. Became a Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad
on November 15, 1890.
• Rizal joined the Hispano-Philippine Circle (Circulo Hispano-Flipino) - a society of
Spaniards and Filipinos shortly after his arrival in Madrid.
• Upon the request of the members of the society, he wrote a poem entitled Me Piden
Verses (They Ask Me for Verses) which he personally declaimed during the New
Year's Eve reception in Madrid last December 31, 1882
• In this sad poem, he poured out the cry of his agonizing heart and sadness of being
alone in the foreign land.
• Rizal became a mason in Madrid, he came in close contact with the Spanish liberals
and republicans who were mostly masons.
• He was impressed by the way the Spanish masons openly and freely criticized and
attacked the government and church which could not be done in the Philippines for
they will be jailed or executed.
• He discovered the political possibilities of being a mason, so he joined the Masonic
lodge called Acacia in Madrid with the Masonic name Dimasalang.
• February 18, 1882 - he had been awarded the diploma as Master Mason; after
joining, Rizal naturally ceased going to mass and wandered far from the faith -
continued to have faith in Divine Providence, a testimony to the deep imprint of
Catholicism in his soul.

ADMIRATION FOR LUNA AND HIDALGO

• Because of financial crisis that Rizal’s family faced in Calamba, the arrival of his
allowances become late that made his living in Spain difficult.
• While in Madrid, the Filipinos including Rizal were having financial problems however,
inspired by the victory of Juan Luna and Resurrecion Hidalgo.
• June 25, 1884 - Rizal was invited to give the principal speech; it was attended by
prominent Spanish artist, newspapermen, statesmen, and Filipinos which he saluted
Luna and Hidalgo as the two glories of Spain and the Philippines.
• Speaking in sonorous Castilian, he held his audience spellbound. He even concluded
with refined sarcasm the abuses and blindness of some Spaniards who could not
comprehend a university genius, ended with a toast and a wild ovation
• In the year 1884 two Filipinos won the attention of the Spanish art establishment for
their two entries in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid, where Juan Luna
and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo won gold and silver medal, respectively.
• Dish: soup, cold cuts, asparagus, fresh strawberries
• Luna's painting the Spolarium, was awarded first prize and a gold medal, while
Hidalgo's Christian Virgin Exposed to the Populace earned a two-silver medal.
• June 25, 1884, Rizal, made a short allusion to the Spanish friars in the Philippines as the
enemies of progress, for they cannot comprehend the universality of genius. Because
for Rizal, genies is universal that knows neither country nor boundary.
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• Rafael Palma observed Rizal’s speech; Rizal launched a first attack that naturally
produced alarm in the Philippines. The latter’s speech was novel and daring.
• Spain had been made to believe that the Philippines were happy.
• Rizal also get involved in the student demonstration that were participated by
students, foreign and Spaniards who support the belief of Prof. Miguel Morayta of the
freedom of science and the teachers that contradict with the views of Catholic
bishops.
• Rizal finished the two courses in Medicine and in Philosophy and Letters. Rizal
defended his Thesis for a Philosophy and Letters graduated from the Central
University of Madrid. The grade was “Excellent” (Sobresaliente).
• A Licentiate in medicine was awarded to Rizal which enables him to practice the
medical profession, but because of his failure to submit his thesis, the diploma for
Doctor of Medicine was not conferred to him by Universidad Central de Madrid. He
did not bother to secure his Doctor of Medicine because it is good only for teaching
purposes.
• His Licenciate degree was this degree was conferred to him in 1961 during the
centenary of his birth.

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID

Fifth Year 1882-1883 (Medicine)
Medical Clinic I Bueno
Surgical Clinic I Bueno
Obstetrical Clinic Aprovado
Legal Medicine Sobresaliente

Sixth Year 1883-1884

Medical Clinic II Bueno
Surgical Clinic II Aprovechado

Licentiate in Medicine with the rating fair

History of Medical Science provado
Surgical Analysis Bueno
Normal Histology Sobresaliente
Doctor of Medicine (not awarded)

Philosophy and Letters 1882-1883

Universal History I Aprovechado
General Literature I Sobresaliente

1883-1884
Universal History II Sobresaliente
Greek and Latin Literature Sobresaliente
Greek I Sobresaliente

1884-1885
Spanish Language Sobresaliente
Arabic Language Sobresaliente
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Assessment Task Sheet # 8
Checkpoint
Compare Famous Paintings of Luna and Amorsolo
Fill out the table below comparing the works of Fernando
Amorsolo and Juan Luna
Works of Juan Luna

Title of the Painting Elements/Principles Meaning/Message

Spolarium

Works of Felix Resurrecion Hidalgo

Title of the Painting Elements/Principles Meaning/Message

Christian Virgin
Exposed to the
Populace

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Reading Material No. 9

TOURING EUROPE

PARIS TO BERLIN, 1885-1887

• In search for relevant education and advance studies, he went to Paris, France and
Berlin (now Germany), to specialize in Ophthalmology with the sole reason of curing
his mother's eye ailment.
• Rizal went to Paris and Germany to specialize in ophthalmology, serving as an
assistant to some known scientist, ophthalmologist and famous oculists of Europe and
also contributed his travels and observations of European life.
• He visited Berlin, capital of the newly unified Germany.
• He befriended several top German scientists such as Dr. Feodor Jagor, Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer, Dr. Hans Meyer, and Dr. Rudolf Virchow.
• He decided to go to Paris in order to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology.
• He visited his friend Maximo Viola, a medical student and a member of a rich family
of San Miguel, Bulacan.
• He befriended Senor Eusebio Corominas, editor of the newspaper La Publicidad. And
he made a crayon sketch of Don Miguel Morayta, the owner of La Publicidad and a
statesman.
• October 1885 - He worked as an assistant for four months to Dr. Louis de Weckert
(1852-1906), a leading French Ophthalmologist.
• In his stay, he visited the studio of Juan Luna, the home of Pardo de Tavera and Felix
Resurrecion Hidalgo - they had long hours discussion on the many problems of arts
and learned techniques on his own.
• He helped Luna by posing as a model in several painting like
➢ “The Death of Cleopatra” where he posed as an Egyptian Priest
➢ “The Blood Compact”, posed as Sikatuna with Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera taking
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the role of Legazpi

HEIDELBURG
• His limited allowance and his desire to learn more about eye ailments prompted him
to go to Germany, where the cost of living was cheaper than in Paris.
• February 3, 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg, historic city in Germany famous for its old
university and romantic surroundings.
• He lived in a boarding house with German law students.
• He was good chess player so that they recommended him to be a member of the
Chess Players Club.
• He worked and studied under Dr. Otto Becker, great German authority on
ophthalmology and strolling along the cool banks of the Neckar River.
• He attended the lecture of Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne at the University

TO THE FLOWERS OF HEIDELBERG

Go to my country, go, O foreign flowers,

sown by the traveller along the road,
and under that blue heaven
that watches over my loved ones,
recount the devotion
the pilgrim nurses for his native sod!
Go and say that when dawn
opened your chalices for the first time
beside the icy Neckar,
you saw him silent beside you,
thinking of her constant vernal clime.
Say that when dawn
which steals your aroma
was whispering playful love songs to your young
sweet petals, he, too, murmured
canticles of love in his native tongue;
that in the morning when the sun first traces
the topmost peak of Koenigssthul in gold
and with a mild warmth raises
to life again the valley, the glade, the forest,
he hails that sun, still in its dawning,
that in his country in full zenith blazes.

And tell of that day

when he collected you along the way
among the ruins of a feudal castle,
on the banks of the Neckar, or in a forest nook.
Recount the words he said
as, with great care,
between the pages of a worn-out book
he pressed the flexible petals that he took.

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Carry, carry, O flowers,

my love to my loved ones,
peace to my country and its fecund loam,
faith to its men and virtue to its women,
health to the gracious beings
that dwell within the sacred paternal home.

When you reach that shore,

deposit the kiss I gave you
on the wings of the wind above
that with the wind it may rove
and I may kiss all that I worship, honor and love!

But O you will arrive there, flowers,

and you will keep perhaps your vivid hues;
but far from your native heroic earth
to which you owe your life and worth,
your fragrances you will lose!
For fragrance is a spirit that never can forsake
and never forgets the sky that saw its birth.

• In the spring of 1886, Rizal was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the banks of
the Necker River - among them was his favorite flower - a light blue “foget me not”.
• April 22, 1886, he wrote “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) -
he was inspired by the pretty flowers strewn along the banks of the Neckar River - in
this poem he revealed his longing for his native land, which later he sent his message
of love and faith in the Philippines.
• Dr. Rizal’s poem, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg” showed how Rizal misses his
hometown, Calamba, and inviting the flowers of Heidelberg to come to his mother
country.
• Rizal also lived with a Lutheran minister, Pastor Karl Ullmer, who became a good
friend and admirer of him, his stay with the Ullmers’ improved his skill in speaking the
German Language.
• During weekend, he visited scenery around Heidelberg, the famous Heidelberg
Castle, the Romantic Neckar River, the old churches.
• He noticed ecumenism practiced where people lived together in harmony and
cordiality - half of the town churches was used by Catholics and the other by the
Protestant.

FIRST LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT

• July 31, 1886 - Rizal's pride in his linguistic talent was heightened when he wrote in a
German Letter to Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt, Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz
Austria.
• He knew that this Austrian Ethnologist was interested in Philippine Languages. In his
letter, Rizal said:
• “I have heard that you are studying our language and that you had already
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published some work about it; Permit me to send you a valuable book written by my
countrymen in our language”,
• “The Spanish version is mediocre because the author is only a modest writer, but the
Tagalog part is good, and it is previously the language spoken in our province.”
• Ferdinand Blumentritt, Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria, an Austrian Ethnologist
who was interested in learning the languages in the Philippines.
• Rizal sent the book to Dr. Blumentritt, which he mentions entitled Arithmetica
(Arithmetic) authored by Rufino Baltazar Fernandez, a native of Sta. Cruz Laguna
and was published in two languages – Spanish and Tagalog-by the University of
Santo Tomas Press in 1868.
• Blumentritt was amazed by Rizal's letter and reciprocated by sending two books to
Rizal as a gift; correspondence begin and he became the best friend of Rizal

LEIPZIG
• After witnessing the 500th year founding anniversary of the Heidelberg University,
Rizal attended some lectures at University of Leipzig of history and psychology. He
also befriended Professor Friedrich Ratzel, a famous German historian and Dr. Hans
Meyer, famous German Anthropologist.
• He stayed in Leipzig from August 14 to October 29, 1886 and Translated Schiller's
“William Tell” from German to Tagalog. (Champion of Swiss Independence).
• He also translated Hans Andersen's Fairy Tales into Tagalog language for his nephews
and nieces.
• He met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological
Museum while living in Dresden.
• In Berlin, Dr. Rizal met Dr. Feodor Jagor a German – Traveler and author of Travels in
the Philippines. Where he foretold the downfall of Spanish rule in the Philippines and
the coming of America to Philippine shores.
• Dr. Rudolf Virchow and his son Dr. Hans Virchow invited Rizal to give a lecture on the
Tagalog Language in Anthropological Society of Berlin, he wrote an article entitle
“Tagalische Verkunst” (Tagalog Metrical Art) as a response to Dr. Virchow’s invitation.
• He also joined Anthropological, Ethnological and Geographical Society of Berlin,
which shows that Dr. Rizal’s scientific skills were acknowledge by the Europeans.

BERLIN, GERMANY
• Dr. Rizal lived in this famous capital of unified Germany for five reasons:
➢ To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology
➢ To further his studies of sciences and languages
➢ To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation
➢ To associate with famous German scientists and scholars.
➢ To finish his novel Noli Me Tangere
• He met Dr. W. Joest, noted German geographer and worked as an assistant in the
clinic of Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger a famous German ophthalmologist.
• At night he attended lectures in the University of Berlin. He also developed his skills in
speaking the French Language under Madame Lucie Cerdole.
• He made sketches of the things that he saw and also enjoyed promenading along
Under den Linden, the most popular boulevard of Berlin.
• He wrote letters while he was in Germany that was addressed to his sister, Trinidad
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March 11, 1886 about his high regard and admiration of the German womanhood
and gave some advice to his sister, Trinidad, to strive and not to allow her to be
conquered by indolence because it costs so little to cast it off
• He also observe in the German culture that when a man attends a social function
and there is nobody to introduce him to the other guests, he bows his head to the
guests, introduce himself and shakes the hands of everyone in the room, which he
depicted as a manner done by Crisostomo Ibarra in his novel Noli me Tangere.
Because according to the German code of etiquette, it is bad manner for a guest to
remain aloof and wait for his host or hostess to make proper introductions.
Assessment Task Sheet # 9
Checkpoint In his poem, A las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) Dr.
Rizal talk to the flowers as if they were alive and asked them to go to his
hometown of Calamba. In the same manner, write a four-stanza, four-
liner-poem in which you will communicate to the nature as if it is
conversing with you. Tell everything you want to say to our mother
nature together with you promise that you will steward/care her for our
posterity. Your poem can be written in Filipino or in English.
Reading Material No. 10

THE WRITING OF NOLI ME TANGERE

NOLI ME TANGERE 1887

• Early hours of dawn he finished the novel on February 21, 1887 the Noli Me Tangere,
his first novel.
• Upon reading of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, which portrays the
brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate
Negro slaves, he was inspired to write a novel depicting the abuse and tyranny of
the Spaniards towards the Indios.
• In a reunion of Filipinos at the Paterno residence in Madrid on January 2, 1884, Rizal
proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos. Which
approved by Pedro, Maximino, Antonio, (Paterno) Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo
Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Lorente, Valentin Ventura, and Valentin Diaz, who
were present during that meeting.
• But his plan did not materialize because all of his companions didn’t write anything,
which is supposed to cover many aspects in the Filipino culture. His companions only
want to write about women who waste dtheir time gambling anf flirting with Spanish
women. Rizal was still determined to finish this novel and wrote it alone.

WRITING OF THE "NOLI ME TANGERE"

• At the end of 1884, Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished about one-
half of it.
• He had finished one-half of the second half while sojourning in Paris and finishing the
final fourth in his travel to Germany.
• In one of his letters to his friend Fernando Canon, Rizal did not believe that the Noli
Me Tangere would ever be published in Berlin because of the misery, hunger and
poverty he’s experiencing.
• Telegram from Barcelona was sent by Dr. Maximo Viola informing Rizal of his coming
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visit to Berlin. Viola, a scion of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan, lend him the
money for the publication of the novel. The man who saved the "Noli." Indeed, Viola
was a Godsend.
• The first edition of the Noli was printed in Berlin in 1887. To save printing expenses, Dr.
Rizal deleted the chapter “Si Elias at Salome” in the final manuscript.
• Noli me Tangere went out from Berliner-Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft, a printing
press that charged the printing of Noli for 300 pesos for 2,000 copies that was paid by
the money Viola lent to Rizal.
• The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not.”
• In a letter to Felix R. Hidalgo that the title of Noli was taken from the Bible in the book
of St. Luke, although Rizal mistakably told him that it was get from the book of St.
John.
• Rizal gave the galley proofs, a complimentary copy of Noli me Tangere and a pen
he used in writing it to Maximo Viola as a token of appreciation at which he scribbled
the following note: “To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and
appreciate my work – Jose Rizal.”
• Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines—“To My Fatherland”.
• The cover of Noli Me Tangere was designed by Rizal. It is a ketch of explicit symbols.
A woman’s head atop a Maria Clara bodice represents the nation and the women,
victims of the social cancer. One of the causes of the cancer is symbolized in the
friar’s feet, outsized in relation to the woman’s head. The other aggravating causes
of oppression and discrimination are shown in the guard’s helmet and the iron
chains, the teacher’s whip and the alferez’s scourge. A slight cluster of bamboo
stands at the backdrop; these are the people, forever in the background of their
own country’s history. There are a cross, a maze, flowers and thorny plants, a flame;
these are indicative of the religious policy, the misdirected ardor, the people
strangled as a result of these all.
• Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- Filipino patriot and lawyer, who had been exiled due to his
complicity in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, read avidly the Noli and was very much
impressed by its author.
• During his stay in Berlin, Dr. Rizal was suspected as a French spy because of his
fluency in speaking the French language.
• While the Noli is in printing, the chief of police Berlin visit Rizal’s boarding house and
requested to see his passport, unfortunately, that time to travel with or without
passports is possible. The police chief then told him to produce a passport after 4
days.
• Immediately Viola accompanied Rizal in the Spanish Ambassador, The Court of
Benomar, who promised to attend to the matter. But the ambassador failed to keep
his promise, but it turns out that he had no power to issue the required passport.
• The 4-day ultimatum expired, Rizal himself apologize to the chief police, while asking
why he has to be deported, the police chief answered that he was always seen
visiting many villages, thereby pronouncing him as a French Spy.
• Rizal in fluent German explained to the police, that he was a Filipino ethnologist, who
visits rural areas to observe customs and lifestyles of their simple inhabitants.
• The chief impressed and fascinated on Rizal’s explanation, allowed him to stay freely
in Germany.

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• Dedication of Noli Me Tangere runs as follows:
➢ Recorded in the history of human sufferings is a cancer so malignant a character
and awakens in it the sharpest pains.
➢ Desiring thy welfare which is our own and seeking the best treatments.
➢ I will do with thee what the ancients with their sick exposing them who came to
invoke the Divinity might offer them a remedy.
➢ The novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and an epilogue.
• The following are the important characters of Noli me Tangere
➢ Crisostomo Ibarra – a young and rich Filipino and son of Don Rafael Ibarra.
➢ Don Rafael Ibarra - a friend of Capitan Tiago.
➢ Father Damaso – Franciscan Friar of San Diego Calamba.
➢ Maria Clara – daughter of Capitan Tiago but real daughter of Padre Damaso.
➢ Father Salvi – Franciscan priest of San Diego.
➢ Tasio – The lunatic.
➢ Elias – the rebel.
➢ Dona Victorina - a superior Filipino that looked down on the natives.
➢ Dona Consolacion – the vulgar mistress of the alferez.
➢ Basilio – boy weeping over his mother’s body.
• The Noli Me Tangere is a true story of the Philippine conditions during the last
decades of Spanish rule.
• The places, the characters, and situations really existed. Characters -Ibarra, Maria
Clara, Elias, Tasio, Capitan Tiago, Padre Damaso, Padre Salvi, etc.
• Maria Clara was Leonor Rivera, became unfaithful and married to an Englishmen.
• Ibarra and Elias represented Rizal himself; Tasio the Sage was his elder brother,
Paciano.
• Padre Salvi was identified by Rizalists as Padre Antonio Piernavieja, the hated
Augustinian friar in Cavite who was killed by our patriots during the Revolution.
• Capitan Tiago was Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
• Dona Victorina was Dona Agustina Medel. The two brothers Basilio and Crispin were
the Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy.
• Padre Damaso was typical of a domineering friar during the days of Rizal, who was
arrogant, supercilious, and anti-Filipino.
• Copies of the Noli were sent to Blumentritt, Regidor, Hidalgo, Mariano Ponce,
Graciano Lopez Jaena and others.
• More copies were crated and sent to Barcelona, Madrid, and Hong Kong to be
smuggled into the Philippines. “First of all,” wrote Blumentritt “accept my cordial
congratulations for your beautiful novel.”
• The Germans say it has been written with the blood of the heart and so the heart also
speaks.

PRAGUE AND FIRST MEETING WITH BLUMENTRITT

• Rizal and Viola wept to Prague a historic city and the capital of Czechoslovakia on
the Moldau River.
• Rizal and viola took a train bound to Leitmeritz, Bohemia at which they met Dr.
Blumentritt that help them to get a room at Hotel Kreb. For the first time the two great
scholars that corresponded thru numerous letters finally met.
• Blumentritt gave the two Filipino doctors letters of recommendation to Dr. Willkomm,
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Professor of Natural History in the University of Prague.
• Visited the tomb of Nicolas Copernicus, the famous Polish astronomer and the
famous and widely celebrated cave where San Juan Nepomuceno, the Catholic
saint and martyr was incarcerated and at the bridge where the saint was tossed.

VIENNA AND LINTZ

• Rizal and Viola arrived in the City of Vienna capital of Austria-Hungary.
• This city is famous in songs and beautiful stories and they lodged at Hotel Metropole.
And they traveled along the famous and romantic Danube River.
• Salzburg, a city in West Austria and the birthplace of Mozart they arrived at this
beautiful city of Munich on May 27, 1887
• Munich beer in the famous beer gardens of that city and the Munich Cathedral that
was the largest and tallest in all Germany.
• He saw the horrible torture machines used by authorities in investigating cases on
political or religious nature rights.
• Visited a factory whose biggest industry is the fabrication of beautiful dolls.
• Crossed the Swiss border, making brief stops successively at Schaffhausen, Basle,
Bern, and Geneva.
• June 19, 1887 - Rizal celebrated his 26th Birthday in Geneva Switzerland.

ROME, ITALY
• After two weeks, then he takes tour to Italy.
• He visited famous cities of Venice, Turin, Milan, Florence, and Roma.
• In Rome, it was regarded as an “Eternal Roman Catholic Church” and “City of
Popes”.
• Capital of Italy, the “Eternal City”, ancient capital of the Roman Empire, site of the
Vatican City and seat of the authority of the Roman Catholic.
• St. Peter's Dome by Michelangelo and Giacomo dela Porta and St. Peter's Basilica.
Was the first known Christian church dedicated in 326 A.D. by Emperor Constantine,
an example of the Renaissance architecture.
• While touring Europe, Rizal and Viola witnessed the Exposition of the Philippines that
was held in Madrid, Spain. And Rizal felt an outrage for the degradation and racism
that was experienced by the Igorots that was exhibited in the exposition that some of
whom experienced mockery and died
• In his letter to Blumentritt, Rizal expressed that he favor exposition but an industrial
exposition and not and exposition of human beings that seems to become odd for
others.
• Dr. Rizal took advantage of attending the fiesta of St. Peter and St. Paul, visited the
tomb of San Juan de Letran, San Clemente, the Roman Forum, the Capitoleum.
• The Coliseum, the Catacombs, the Palatinum, the Amphitheatre and other
remarkable tourists’ spots and memories of Rome.
• After his sojourn in Rome, Dr. Rizal decided to return to the Philippines and informed
his father of his homecoming.
• He stayed at Rome for a week and head back home
Assessment Task Sheet # 10
Checkpoint Write a short book review of the novel, Noli me Tangere. Follow the
writing conditions written above. In your review of the novel, tell why
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and how Noli me Tangere awaken the feeling of Filipino Nationalism
among our ancestors to rose arms against our Spanish Colonizers.
Reading Material No. 11

RIZAL’S FIRST HOMECOMING

RETURN TO CALAMBA
• Dr. Rizal decided to go home because of the following reasons.
➢ To operate his mother’s eyes.
➢ To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants.
➢ To find out for him how the Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards in the Philippines.
➢ To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
• Dr. Rizal headed for Marseilles by train on July 3, 1887.
• Dr. Rizal boarded Djemnah, the same ship that brought him to Europe five years ago.
• At Saigon on July 30, he transferred to the S.S. Haiphong and reached Manila on
August 2, 1887
• He went to Calamba in the bosom of his beloved family.
• He opened a medical clinic at Calamba, and his first patient was his mother.
• Often called Doctor Ullman because he was mistaken a German, and his
professional fees were reasonable.
• He earned 900 pesos from his service as a physician and gave free services to the
poor. He also earned a total of 5000 pesos by February of 1888
• He also opened a gymnasium for the young men in Calamba and introduced
various European sports.
• His sister Olympia died of complications from childbirth.
• Jose Rizal failed to see Leonor Rivera because its parents forbade him to see her for
the reason that Leonor’s mother did not want him to be her son-in-law.
• Copies of Noli Me Tangere arrived in the country before he came back from Europe.
A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over Noli that he received a letter from
Governor-General Emilio Terrero to come to Malacañang

TO MALACAÑANG
• Noli Me Tangere caused much uproar among the government authorities.
• Governor Terrero informed him of the charges against him because of Noli, he
explained that he just exposed the truth and nothing subversive indicated in his
novel. Impressed by his defense, Terrero saw nothing wrong in the novel.
• Governor Terrero asked for the copy of Noli for him to read it but Rizal doesn’t have
any in his possession, but promised to secure one for the governor general.
• Rizal went to Ateneo to ask if his Jesuits professors still the copy of Noli have he sent
them, but they wouldn’t want to part with it.
• Padre Federico Faura stated that everything in Noli was truth but also said that Rizal
may lose his head for it.
• The Governor-General who was a liberal minded was aware that Rizal might be in
danger and the friars were very powerful, assigned a personal bodyguard to protect
Rizal’s stay in the Philippines.
• While the storm over the Noli was raging in fury, Rizal was not molested in Calamba.
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This is due to Governor General Terrero’s generosity in assigning a bodyguard to him.
Between this Spanish bodyguard, Jose Taviel de Andrade, a Lieutenant of the Civil
Guard, of a noble family, and Rizal, a beautiful friendship bloomed.
• Together, Rizal and Andrade, young, educated and cultured, made walking tours of
the verdant countryside’s, discussed topics of common interest, and enjoyed
fencing, shooting, hunting, and painting. Lt. Andrade became a great admirer of the
man he was ordered to watch and protect. Years later, he wrote for Rizal: “Rizal was
refined, educated and gentlemanly.
• The hobbies that most interested him were hunting, fencing, shooting, painting and
hiking. . . I well remember our excursion to Mount Makiling, not so much for the
beautiful view . . . as for the rumors and pernicious effects that result from it. There has
one who believed and reported to Manila that Rizal and I at the top of the mountain
hoisted the German flag and proclaimed its sovereignty over the Philippines. I
imagined that such nonsense emanated from the friars of Calamba but did not take
the trouble to make inquiries about the matter”.
• What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba with Lt. Andrade were.
➢ The death of his older sister, Olimpia,
➢ The groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he was “a German spy, an
agent of Bismarck, a Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation, etc”

POWERFUL ENEMIES
• Copy of the much talked about Noli was sent by Fr. Pedro Payo, Archbishop of
Manila to father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the University of Santo Tomas for
examination.
• The committee that was asked to examine the Noli found it as “heretical, Impious
and scandalous in the religious order, and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order,
injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in the
political order.”
• Governor Emilio Terrero was dissatisfied with the report of the Dominicans sent the
novel to the Permanent Commission of Censorship.
• The report of the commission was drafted by Fr. Salvador Font, Cura of Tondo. They
also found the contents of this novel as subversive ideas against the Church and
Spain.
• They recommended that importation, reproduction and circulation of these books
be prohibited in the Philippine Islands.
• Banning of the Noli only served to make it more popular because everybody would
like to have a copy and read it.

ATTACK AND DEFENSE FOR NOLI

• The battle over the Noli took the form of a virulent war of words. Father Font printed
his report and distributed copies for it in order to discredit the controversial novel.
• Another Augustinian, Fr. Jose Rodriguez, Prior of Guadalupe, published a series of
eight pamphlets under the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions
of Supreme Interes) to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings. These eight
pamphlets wer entitled as follows:
➢ Porque no los he de leer? (Why Should I not Read Them?).
➢ Guardaos de ellos. Porque?(Beware of Them. Why?).
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➢ Y_que me dice usted de la peste? (And What Can You Tell Me of Plague?).
➢ Porquetriufan los impios? (Why Do the Impious Truimph?).
➢ Cree ustedque de versa no hay purgatorio? (Do You Think There Is Really No
Purgatory?).
➢ Hay o no hay infierno? (Is There o Is There No Hell?).
➢ Que le pareceausted de esoslibelos? (What Do You Think of These Libels?).
➢ Confession o condenacion? (Confession or Damnation?).
• Copies of these anti-Rizal pamphlets written by Fray Rodriguez were sold daily in the
churches after Mass.
• Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease the friars, but they
did not believe what their author said with hysterical fervor.
• Repercussions of the storm over the Noli reached Spain. It was fiercely attacked on
the session hall of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes by various senators, particularly
General Jose de Salamanca on April 1, 1888, General Luis M. de Pando on April 12,
and Sr. Fernando Vida on June 11.
• The Spanish academician of Madrid, Vicente Barrantes, who formerly occupied high
government positions in the Philippines, bitterly criticized the Noli in the article
published in La EsapañaModerna (a newspaper of Madrid) in January 1890.
• Fr. Jose Rodriguez also published his pamphlet entitled, “Caingat Cayo”, which gave
a stern warning to those who want to read Noli.
• The much-maligned Noli had its gallant defenders who fearlessly came out to prove
the merits of the novel or to refute the arguments of the unkind attackers.
• Marcelo H. del Pilar, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano
Ponce, and other Filipino reformist in foreign lands, of course, rushed to uphold the
truths of the Noli.
• Father Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite teacher at the Ateneo, defended and praised it in
public. Don Segismundo Moret, former Minister of the Crown; Dr. Miguel Morayta,
historian and statesman; and Professor Blumentritt, scholar and educator, read and
liked the novel.
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar also wrote a pamphlet in defense of the Noli and made it like the
one written by Fr. Jose Rodriguez entitled “Caiigat Cayo” so that it can be distributed
along with the original pamphlet written by fray Rodriguez.
• A brilliant defense of the Noli came from an unexpected source. It was by Rev.
Vicente Garcia, a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, theologian of the Manila
Cathedral, and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas a
Kempis. Father Garcia, writing under the penname Justo Desiderio Magalang, wrote
a defense of the Noli which was published in Singapore as an appendix to a
pamphlet dated July 18, 1888. He blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez as follows:
➢ Rizal was not an ignorant man because he was a graduate of Spanish Universities
and a recipient of scholastics honours.
➢ Rizal does not attack the Church and Spain; instead, he is attacking bad Spanish
officials and bad and corrupt friars.
➢ Fr. Rodriguez claimed that those who read Noli commit mortal sin; therefor Fr.
Rodriguez commits mortal sin since he had already read Noli.
• Later, when Rizal learned of the brilliant defense of Father Garcia of his novel, he
cried because his gratitude was over-whelming. Rizal, himself defended his novel

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against Barrantes attack, in a letter written in Brussels, Belgium, in February, 1880. In
this letter, he exposed Barrantes’ ignorance of Philippine affairs and mental
dishonesty which is unworthy of an academician. Barrantes met in Rizal his master in
satire and polemics.
• During the days when the Noli was the target of a heated controversy between the
friars (and their minions) and the friends of Rizal, all copies of it were sold out and the
price per copy soared to unprecedented level.
• Both friends and enemies of the Noli found it extremely difficult to secure a copy.
According to Rizal, in a letter to Fernando Canon from Geneva, June 13, 1887, the
price he set per copy was five pesetas (equivalent to one peso), but the price later
rose to fifty pesos per copy.
• Rizal also defended Noli against the Spanish scholars and politicians that attack it.

CALAMBA AGRARIAN PROBLEM

• Governor General Terrero, influenced by certain facts in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a
government investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever iniquities might
have been present in connection with land taxes and with tenant relations.
• One of the friar’s estates affected was the Calamba Hacienda which the Dominican
Order owned since 1883. In compliance with the governor general’s orders, dated
December 30, 1887, the Civil Governor of Laguna Province directed the municipal
authorities of Calamba to investigate the agrarian conditions of their locality.
• The tenants of Calamba listed their legitimate grievances against the hacienda
management and sought the help of Rizal.
• The Dominicans did not contribute a single centavo in the town fiesta.
• Upon hearing of the investigation, the Calamba folks solicited Rizal’s help in
gathering the facts and listing their grievances against the hacienda management,
so that the central government might institute certain agrarian reforms.
• After a thorough study of the conditions of Calamba, Rizal wrote down his findings
which tenants and three of the officials of the hacienda signed on January 8, 1888.
These findings, which were formally submitted to the government for action, were the
following:
➢ The hacienda comprised not only the lands around Calamba, but the town of
Calamba.
➢ The Dominican Order continually increased of the rentals paid by the tenants.
➢ The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of
the town fiesta, for the education and improvement of agriculture.
➢ Tenants spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of said lands for
flimsy reasons.
➢ High rates of interest were charged the tenants for delayed payment of rentals.
• The friars exerted pressure on Malacañang Palace to eliminate him. They asked
Governor General Terrero to deport him, but the latter refused because there was no
valid charge against Rizal in court.
• Anonymous threats against Rizal’s life were received by his parents. The alarmed
parents, relatives and friends (including Lt. Taviel de Andrade) advised him to go
away, for his life was in danger.
• One day Governor General Terrero summoned Rizal and “advise” him to leave the
Philippines for his own good. He was giving Rizal a chance to escape the fury of the
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friar’s wrath.
• This time Rizal had to go. He could not very well disobey the governor general’s
veiled orders. But he was not running like a coward from a fight.
• He was courageous, a fact which his worst enemies could not deny. A valiant hero
that he was, he was not afraid of any man and neither was he afraid to die.
• Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in 1888 his friend from Lipa requested him to write a
poem in commemoration of the town’s elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the
Becerra Law of 1888.
• Gladly, he wrote a poem dedicated to the industrious folks of Lipa. This was the
“Himno Al Trabajo” (Hymn to Labor). He finished it and sent it to Lipa before his
departure from Calamba.
HYMN TO LABOR
For the Motherland in war,
For the Motherland in peace,
Will the Filipino keep watch,
He will live until life will cease!

MEN:
Now the East is glowing with light,
Go! To the field to till the land,
For the labour of man sustains
Fam'ly, home and Motherland.
Hard the land may turn to be,
Scorching the rays of the sun above...
For the country, wife and children
All will be easy to our love.

WIVES:
Go to work with spirits high,
For the wife keeps home faithfully,
Inculcates love in her children
For virtue, knowledge and country.
When the evening brings repose,
On returning joy awaits you,
And if fate is adverse, the wife,
Shall know the task to continue.

MAIDENS :
Hail! Hail! Praise to labour,
Of the country wealth and vigor!
For it brow serene's exalted,
It's her blood, life, and ardor.
If some youth would show his love
Labor his faith will sustain :
Only a man who struggles and works
Will his offspring know to maintain.

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CHILDREN:
Teach, us ye the laborious work
To pursue your footsteps we wish,
For tomorrow when country calls us
We may be able your task to finish.
And on seeing us the elders will say :
"Look, they're worthy 'f their sires of yore!"
Incense does not honor the dead

As does a son with glory and valor.

Assessment Task Sheet # 11
Checkpoint Write an article/debate speech in which you will attack or defend the
Noli me Tangere, you can choose between the two. Enumerate your
arguments why you want to attack or defend Noli me Tangere.
Reading Material No. 12

DR. JOSE RIZAL’S SECOND TRIP TO EUROPE

HONG KONG AND MACAU

• Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba because his stay might expose his family and
friends to danger.
• He was advised by Governor-General Terrero to leave the Philippines for his own
good.
• Rizal leaves the country for the second time because of the following reasons;
➢ His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family
and friends.
➢ He could fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater
efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
• In September 1887, he wrote his bosom friend, Blumentritt and told him that he was
decided to leave the country and return to Europe.
• February 3, 1888. He sailed for Hong Kong, which Rizal described as “small but very
clean on board the Zafiro for two weeks.
• His plan was to return to Europe via Hong Kong, Macao, Japan and the U.S.
• He met by Jose Maria Basa and other exiles in Hong Kong in 1872.
• He spent much of his stay there with Basa, who accompanied him on a visit to
Macao.
• Victoria Hotel- Rizal stayed while in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by Filipino
residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of
Francisco Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna)
• Jose Sainz de Varanda - a Spaniard, who was a former secretary of Governor
General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong it is believed that he was
commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal “Hong Kong”, wrote Rizal to
Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, “is a small, but very clean city.”
• Rizal boarded a small steamer Kiu-Kiang bound to Macao which described by Rizal
as a small, low and gloomy city. There are many junks, sampans and a few steamers.
• Don Juan Francisco Lecaros- A filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady.
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• February 18, 1888- Rizal witnessed a Catholic possession, in which the devotees were
dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles.
• February 20, 1888- Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the ferry
steamer Kiu Kiang.
• He studied Chinese way of life their customs and traditions, language and theatre
arts.
• Experiences that were written by Rizal:
➢ The Chinese New Year was very noisy because of the continuous explosions of
firecrackers on the streets.
➢ Chinese theatres are usually boisterous because of different percussion
instruments used by the participants.
➢ The Lauriat party, wherein the guests were served variety of dishes, such as
century eggs, shark fins, white Peking ducks, chicken fried and with vinegar,
roasted pigs, fish, shrimps, tea and dried fruits.
➢ The Dominican Order was the richest religious order in Hong Kong, had millions of
dollars deposited in various banks.
➢ Hong Kong graveyards for Catholics, Protestants and Muslims are well-kept.
• He left Hong Kong on February 22, 1888 and boarded the S.S. Oceania, an American
streamer bound for Japan.
• Rizal’s cabin mate was a British Protestant missionary who called Rizal “a good man”.

JAPAN
• Rizal arrived at Yokohama on February 28, 1888 and stayed at Grand Hotel.
• He learned Japanese and dedicated himself to the study of the Japanese theatre,
art and language. He was much impressed by the city of Tokyo.
• Rizal was invited by Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation in Japan
to live in the Spanish Legation. he accepted it because of two reasons;
➢ He could economize his living expenses by staying at the legation.
➢ He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.
• Tokyo is bigger than Paris vast walls are built in cyclopean character and the streets
are wide and well-lighted.
• Things which impressed him most about Japan were:
➢ The beauty of its plants and flowers are found along the streets, mountains
covered by snow during the winter season, the Sakura (Cherry Blossoms) on its
peak.
➢ The Japanese has great fondness for gardens.
➢ The Japanese women in Kimono are simple but gracious.
➢ Seeing a guest's needs is an important part of serving as host.
➢ Even on simplest occasion, a gift is customarily taken along and presented as an
expression of the giver's respect and good will.
➢ Form of greeting as a sign of politeness is to bow.
➢ There are few thieves in Japan. The houses remained open day and night and
other valuable articles on the table without being lost.
➢ There were few beggars and are rarely seen in the city.
➢ The houses were very clean, have plenty of fresh air and sunlight and multi-
functional.
➢ The Japanese are happy; fights are not seen in the streets and the people are
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very industrious.
• Rizal learned the Japanese language and studied kabuki the Japanese drama, and
Judo, Japanese art of self-defense
• Rizal didn’t like the Japanese Rickshaw, a cart drawn by a man instead of a horse.
• He met a Japanese woman, daughter of Usui-San an owner of the big supermarket
in Yokohama.

INTERLUDE WITH O-SEI-SAN

• The romance between Rizal and a Japanese lady named Seiko Usui started in early
spring of March 1888.
• At the counter, Rizal had asked the lady (O-Sei-San) whether she knew English.
• This was the beginning of his frequent visits to the department store.
• Her name was Seiko Usui and her friends called her O-Sei-San, her pet name.
• He was attracted by her beauty, simplicity, charm and intelligence.
• Sei-San loved Rizal and her love was reciprocated by Rizal's sincere affection.
• They spent memorable and happy days by visiting magnificent temples, shrines,
pagodas, castles, and other beautiful and historical spots.
• He walked along the parks with hands firmly clasped while they shared their
experiences.
• O-Sei-San -Sayonara, “Sayonara! I have spent a lovely golden month. I do not know
if I can have another one like that in all my life. No woman, like you, has ever loved
me. No woman, like you has sacrificed for me. Like the flower of the cherry blossoms
that falls from the stem fresh and whole without falling leaves or without withering
with poetry still despite its fall thus you feel. Neither have you lost your purity nor have
the delicate petals of your innocence faded -Sayonara! Sayonara!”
• April 13, 1888 Rizal left Yokohama on an English steamer the Belgic.
• At Belgic he met Tetcho Suehiro, he was a journalist and a fighter for freedom, he
and Rizal became friends for they share the same agony and experiences in life that
they need to flee from their own country.
• After their meeting at the ship several years later, Suehiro wrote and published a
political novel the “Nankai-no-Daiharan” (Storm over the Southern Sea) similar to Noli
Me Tangere and “O-unabara” (The Big Ocean) Similar to El Filibusterismo.
• The Belgic reached San Francisco, U.S.A on April 28, 1888. Discovered that the ship
was placed under quarantine for cholera epidemic but in reality, because of racial
prejudice and was carrying 643 Chinese coolies unskilled laborers.
• All first-class passengers, including Rizal, were allowed to land; however, the Chinese
and Japanese passengers remained on board for a longer quarantine period.
• He stayed at Palace Hotel, a first-class hotel in the city and paid $4 a day with bath
and everything.
• He saw the Golden Gate Bridge, a marvel of engineering and one of the most
beautiful structures of its kind in U.S.A.
• Left San Francisco for Oakland on board a ferry and a train from 7 days trip.
• Interesting and exciting travel observations:
➢ Wide deserts without plants or trees.
➢ The mountains at a distance are covered, with snow.
➢ The bank at Salt Lake beautiful than other things.
➢ There are mountains in the middle of the lake like islands of Talim in Laguna de
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Bay.
➢ Chicago, there is every cigar store has an Indian figure.
➢ The Niagara, the most splendid falls.

RIZAL IN NEW YORK

• He stayed in New York which he then called the "big town".
• He visited the monument of George Washington, a magnificent memorial to a great
American.
• May 16, 1888, he left New York for Liverpool, a seaport in Southwestern Lancashire
England.
• He boarded City of Rome, the second biggest boat in the whole world, they say.
• Rizal gazed the Brooklyn Bridge and the huge and majestic Statue of Liberty on
Bedloe Island and arrived at Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888.
• Impressions of Rizal for America Good impressions include the following:
➢ Tremendous material progress of the country as evidenced in the big cities with
tall skyscrapers.
➢ Flourishing manufacturing industries, scientific methods of farming and other fields
of agriculture.
➢ The producing electric power, good communication and transportation facilities,
Network.
➢ The high standard of living, the natural beauties of the land and its mineral
deposits; better health and medical care, advanced methods of education etc.
• Negative Impressions for America:
➢ There is no true civil liberty.
➢ In some states, the Negro cannot marry a white woman, or a white man.
➢ They truly say, American offers a fatherland for the poor who and wish to work.
➢ “America,” answered Rizal, “is the land par excellence” of freedom but only for
the whites.

RIZAL IN LONDON
• Rizal arrived in Liverpool (a big and beautiful city as he recalled to his family),
England on May 24, 1888 Liverpool was a port city.
• He chose London as his second home because of three reasons.
➢ To improve his knowledge of the English Language
➢ To study and annotate Morga’s “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas”, a rare book that
can be found in the British Museum
➢ London was a safe place for him to carry his fight against the Spanish tyranny.
• He did his researches on Philippine History write articles for the La Solidaridad in
defense of the Filipino people.
• Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, exile of 1872 and a practicing lawyer in London invited Rizal.
• He found a boarding house in Primrose Hill own by the Beckett family, at which
Gertrude (Gettie) became his lover.
• Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs knows Rizal, the
authority on Malayan languages and customs. Labeled him as “a pearl of a man”
(una perla de hombre) meaning a very rare type of person.
• Reading and analyzing Dr. Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas; a rare
book in Philippine history. The Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, in Dr. Rizal's opinion was the
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best in studying the early regime of Spanish colonial rule.
• The Annotation of Dr. de Morga's book and his other writings in London included the
following:
➢ Articles for La Solidaridad, the Propaganda newspaper.
➢ La Vision Del Fray Rodriguez was published in 1889 in Barcelona, Spain under the
penname Dimasalang a satire style which served as his answer to Fray Rodriguez
attacks on Noli Me Tangere. In this pamphlet, Rizal exhibited two thing;
✓ His profound knowledge of religion
✓ His biting satire
➢ Letter to the Young Women of Malolos published in February 1889, in Tagalog as
requested by M. H. Del Pilar, to honor the brave young ladies of Malolos. The
opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, the Spanish parish priest in Malolos to established a
school where they could study and learn the Spanish language prompted Rizal to
write this letter.
➢ In Dr. Reinhold Rost’s “Trubner’s Records”, Rizal wrote two articles, “The
Specimens of Tagal Folklore” which consisted of Filipino proverbs and puzzles and;
➢ Two eastern fables which compared the Filipino fable "The Monkey and the Turtle"
with the Japanese fable "The Monkey and the Crab."
• Rizal has received various news from his family and friends from the Philippines.
• They reported to him many injustices suffered by the Filipinos and his family in the
hands of the cruel Spanish authorities.
• He left London to gather more materials for his historical researches at the National
Library of France and to visit his friends.
• Rizal left London before Christmas and went to Barcelona and Madrid to survey the
political situation with regards to the agitation for Philippine reform.
• He went back to London on Christmas Eve to continue his work in annotating
Morga’s book.
• He received a book entitled “The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the
Ventriloquist.” From his landlady Madam Becket.
• He communicated the progress of the Propaganda Movement in its quest for
reforms, with the two Propaganda Movement leaders, Marcelo H. Del Pilar and
Mariano Ponce.
• In February 1889, Rizal received news that Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the La
Solidaridad became the Propaganda Movement's means of disseminating news.
• Rizal immediately congratulated Lopez Jaena and his associates.
• The use of his names Dimasalang and Laong Laan contributed many articles to help
fight for reforms.
• The following are the aims of La Solidaridad as the organ of the Propaganda
Movement.
➢ To work peacefully for political and social reforms
➢ To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy
them.
➢ To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism
➢ To advocate liberal ideas and progress
➢ To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy
and happiness.

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• Rizal’s first article in La Solidaridad was Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers)
which depicted the deplorable conditions of the Philippines that caused the
backwardness of the country.
• Rizal carved several sculptural works like;
➢ Prometheus Bound
➢ The Triumph of Death over Life
➢ The Triumph of Science over Death
➢ The Becket Sisters.
• His romantic liaison with Gertrude Beckett was getting to be a more serious
relationship. Because of his realization that he had a mission to fulfill in his life, Rizal
suppressed his love for Gertrude and decided to leave London in mid-March 1889.
Assessment Task Sheet # 12
Checkpoint While in Japan, Rizal fell in love with Seiko Usui whom he affectionately
referred to as O-sei-san. Though this love story ended when Rizal
departed for Europe for the second time, Rizal’s diary exhibited the love
that blossom between the two. For your task, write an open letter
address to your future husband or wife in which you will tell how much
you love him/her. Use words that will describe your feelings toward
him/her and how the both of you will raise your family. Kindly follow the
writing conditions stated above.
Reading Material No. 13

SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE WRITING OF EL FILIBUTERISMO

PARIS (1889 -1890)

• Rizal noticed that Parisian life was different from the life he experienced in London.
• The city was bursting with merriment of exciting events and unending social
gathering and the cost of living was also very high.
• He stayed in the house of his Filipino friend Valentin Ventura. But later on transferred
from one hotel or boarding house to another and settled in a small room with two
other Filipino friends.
• One of whom was Justo Trinidad a former gobernadorcillo in Manila, who sought
refuge in Paris in order to escape the Spanish tyrannical rule.
• He spend long hours at the Bibliotheque Nationale or the National Library in Paris,
reviewing historical annotations on Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
• He continued his study of the French language which was enabled him to perfect
during his 10 months stay.
• Rizal became the baptismal godfather of Juan Luna’s daughter “Maria de la Paz
Blanca Laureana Herminigilda Juana Luna y Pardo de Tavera.”
• Rizal gazed the Paris Exposition of 1889 at which the greatest attraction was the
exposition of Eiffel Tower.
• In this exposition, Rizal accomplished the founding of Kidlat Club, a social club that
brought together the young Filipinos in Paris but was temporary in nature because it
lasted during the exposition only.
• Kidlat Club was replaced by “Indios Bravos” a movement also founded by Rizal
during the Paris Universal Exposition to show that Filipinos are proud to be called
“Indios” revising the concept of the Spaniards that we are ignorant and indolent
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race.
• Rizal also founded Sociedad “R.D.L.M” (Sociedad Redencion de los Malayos) during
the Paris Universal Exposition that has an aim for the propagation of all useful
knowledge in the Philippines.
• Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris was the publication of his annotated edition
of the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which was printed at Garnier Freres, with the
prologue written by Blumentritt. Who censured Rizal for the two errors he had
committed in writing the annotation.
➢ He commits the error of many historians in appraising the events of the past in the
lights of present standards.
➢ His attacks on the Church were unfair and unjustified.
• Rizal published his article “Filipina Dentro de Cien Aňos”, an article at which he
predicted that the Philippines will be colonized by America and Japan after Spanish
Regime. It was published in La Solidaridad.

“FILIPINA DENTRO DE CIEN AÑOS”

“The Philippines a Century Hence” is an essay written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal
to forecast the future of the country within a hundred years. Rizal felt that it was time to
remind Spain that the circumstances that ushered in the French Revolution could have a
telling effect for her in the Philippines.
This essay, published in La Solidaridad starts by analyzing the various causes of the miseries
suffered by the Filipino people:
Spain’s implementation of her military policies – because of such laws, the Philippine
population decreased dramatically. Poverty became more rampant than ever, and
farmlands were left to wither. The family as a unit of society was neglected, and overall,
every aspect of the life of the Filipino was retarded.
Deterioration and disappearance of Filipino indigenous culture – when Spain came with
the sword and the cross, it began the gradual destruction of the native Philippine culture.
Because of this, the Filipinos started losing confidence in their past and their heritage,
became doubtful of their present lifestyle, and eventually lost hope in the future and the
preservation of their race.
Passivity and submissiveness to the Spanish colonizers – one of the most powerful forces that
influenced a culture of silence among the natives were the Spanish friars. Because of the
use of force, the Filipinos learned to submit themselves to the will of the foreigners.
The question then arises as to what had awakened the hearts and opened the minds of
the Filipino people with regards to their plight. Eventually, the natives realized that such
oppression in their society by foreign colonizers must no longer be tolerated.
One question Rizal raises in this essay is whether or not Spain can indeed prevent the
progress of the Philippines:
Keeping the people uneducated and ignorant had failed. National consciousness had still
awakened, and great Filipino minds still emerged from the rubble.
Keeping the people impoverished also came to no avail. On the contrary, living a life of
eternal destitution had allowed the Filipinos to act on the desire for a change in their way
of life. They began to explore other horizons through which they could move towards
progress.
Exterminating the people as an alternative to hindering progress did not work either. The
Filipino race was able to survive amidst wars and famine and became even more
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numerous after such catastrophes. To wipe out the nation altogether would require the
sacrifice of thousands of Spanish soldiers, and this is something Spain would not allow.
Spain, therefore, had no means to stop the progress of the country. What she needs to do
is to change her colonial policies so that they are in keeping with the needs of the
Philippine society and to the rising nationalism of the people.
What Rizal had envisioned in his essay came true. In 1898, the Americans wrestled with
Spain to win the Philippines, and eventually took over the country. Theirs was a reign of
democracy and liberty. Five decades after Rizal’s death, the Philippines gained her long-
awaited independence. This was in fulfillment of what he had written in his essay: “History
does not record in its annals any lasting domination by one people over another, of
different races, of diverse usages and customs, of opposite and divergent ideas. One of
the two had to yield and succumb.”

• He also wrote Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos, which was his defense against that
Spaniards claim that Filipinos are lazy and indolent and that they are industrious and
hard-working even before the arrival of the Spaniards.
• Rizal proposed the establishment of the International Association of Filipinologists with
the aim of studying the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view. But
it did not materialize because the French forbade the holding of conference during
the period of the Paris Universal Exposition.
• He also proposed the establishment of a Filipino College in Hong Kong with an aim to
train and educate men of good family but did not materialize because of lack of
funds.
• While in Paris, Rizal wrote Por Telefono, it was an article that served as his defense
against the slanderous articles of Fr. Salvador Font, who masterminded the banning
of Noli.
• It was published in booklet form in Barcelona, 1889, this satirical pamphlet under the
authorship of “Dimas Alang” is a witty satire which ridicules Father Font
• He frequently visited the homes of the Pardo de Taveras, the Ventura’s, the Luna’s,
the Boustead’s and others.
• Rizal made a brief visit to London for the following reasons;
➢ To check up his annotated edition of Morga’s book with the original copy in
the British Museum.
➢ To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time.

BELGIUM (JANUARY- AUGUST 1890)

• Rizal decided to leave Paris and moved to Brussels because of the following reasons;
➢ The cost of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal Exposition.
➢ The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works.
• Rizal thought was a less expensive, quieter place where he could continue his
writings, especially the chapters of his second novel El Filibusterismo.
• Jose Albert and Jose Alejandrino, an engineering student became his roommates in
the boarding house run by the Jacoby sisters.
• Rizal lived in a boarding house that was run by the Jacoby sisters (Suzanne & Marie)
• Rizal left Paris for Brussels, Belgium on January 28, 1890.
• To practice his profession as medical doctor in a medical clinic, continue writing his
second novel and writing for the propaganda organ La Solidaridad.
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• Rizal's article appeared the La Solidaridad from 1889 to 1890 were the following:
➢ La Verdad Para Los Todos /Truth for All Peoples published May 31, 1889
➢ Verdades Nuevas /New Truths was published July 31, 1889
➢ Una Profanacion or A Profanation which also appeared on the July 31, 1889
➢ Diferencias or Differences, September 15, 1889
➢ Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anios or The Philippines a Century Hence, September 30,
October 31, December 15, 1889 and February 1, 1890
➢ Ingratitude which also meant ingratitude language was published on January 15,
1890
➢ Sin November or Without Name, February 28, 1890
➢ Sabre la Nueva Ortografia de la Langua Tagala or the New Orthography of the
Tagalog Language, April 15, 1890
➢ Cosas de Filipinos or Things about the Philippines, April 30, 1890
➢ The Indolence of the Filipinos, July 15, to September 15, 1890
• In Brussels, Rizal had received several unpleasant news from home. These were the
following:
➢ Gambling activities of fellow Filipinos in Spain
➢ Worsening of the Calamba Agrarian problem
➢ Filing of a suit in court against his father, Don Francisco, because of his failure to
pay the high rentals of the Dominican friars’ land.
➢ Ejectment of tenants, including the Rizal family from their lands in Calamba
➢ The deportation of his brother Paciano and brothers-in-law Antonio Lopez and
Silvestre Ubaldo to Mindoro.
➢ The banishing of his brother-in-law Manuel Hidalgo, for the second time to Bohol.
• Rizal decided to retain the services of Marcelo H. Del Pilar a lawyer, to help him
appeal his family's case to the Supreme Court in Madrid.
• Suzanne Jacoby runs the boarding house where Rizal stayed with her sister.
• He had to leave for Madrid, Spain in early August 1890.
• July 1890, Rizal received news that his family lost the Calamba case against the friars.
• The brother appealed the case to the Supreme Court in Madrid.
• He decided to transfer to Madrid to pay close attention to the developments of the
case.
• Francisco Rizal and other tenants were already forcibly evicted from Calamba by
Governor General Valeriano Weyler.
• While in Belgium, Rizal fell in love with the beautiful Suzanne Jacoby.

THE CALAMBA STORY

• The family and most of the people of the town of Calamba leased their lands from
the Dominicans.
• Paciano's narrative, since 1883, the Dominicans collected rentals for the estate
without issuing receipts.
• The Friar Administrator declared the lands of the Calamba tenants vacant and
invited other people to avail of the declared vacant lands.
• Additional rentals were imposed on lands for second planting and harvests.
• The continuous increase of rentals in spite of crop harvesting failures caused by
natural calamities like floods, droughts, locust and others.
• From a rental of 45 pesos land rental went to as high as 900 pesos by 1886.
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• Rizal wrote an article La Verdad Para Los Todos (The Truth for All People) which was
later published in the La Solidaridad, which rizal made as a defense against the
Spanish charges that the native local officials were ignorant and depraved.
• He drafted a letter based on detailed information and was signed by all the
principals of the town.
• The governor general of that time was Valeriano Weyler who earned the nickname,
“Butcher of Cuba”, a severe military man who firmly believes in an iron fist rule.
• The Calamba tenants did not stand a chance in their struggle during Weyler's
administration

RIZAL’S MISFORTUNE IN MADRID

• They hired a Spanish lawyer to set up an appointment with the Minister of Colonies,
Senior Fabie.
• Dominican Archbishop of Manila Nozaleda was able to get from Minister Fabie a
royal order which allowed the friars to dispose their properties, constabulary Colonel
Francisco Olive Garcia has enforce the eviction order.
• Jose Maria Panganiban died in Barcelona, Spain on August 19, 1890 which Rizal
wept so much.
• Jose Rizal wrote a book written by Pi Y Margal the legend of Mariang Makiling, A Mi
Musa (To My Muse), and wrote an article "How the Philippines Are Governed?"
• Rizal also challenged a Spanish scholar; Wenceslao Retana into a duel because of
the latter’s attack against the Calamba tenants saying that these people were
ejected in Calamba because they were not paying their rent. Angered by this
incident he challenged Retana into a duel which the latter refused and wrote an
apology that pacifies Rizal.

THE NEWS OF LEONOR’S WEDDING

• December 1890, Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera announcing her coming
marriage to an Englishman, Henry Kipping, an engineer who worked in a railway.
• Leonor asked her mother about Rizal’s letters and confessed that she intercepted
their letters for Leonor's benefit.
• Leonor professed that she still loved him but being a loving and loyal daughter,
obedience to her parents’ wishes prevailed.
• Leonor Rivera's marriage took place in June 1891.

RIVALRY BETWEEN RIZAL AND DEL PILAR

• The situation started when Marcelo H. Del Pilar arrived in Barcelona, Spain, and
became the owner of La Solidaridad after buying it to Pablo Rianzares, its former
owner and replacing Lopez Jeana as its editor-in-chief.
• Filipinos met in Madrid to decide on the direction of the Propaganda Movement in
Spain.
• The group decided to be followed and one of the agreed points was the leader
must be elected by two-thirds of the 90 Filipino members.
• Elections were held in the first week of February 1891, and the group was divided into
two hostile groups namely Rizalista and Pilaristas.
• Rizal won as the Responsible (Leader of the Propaganda Movement) but failed to
get the required 2/3 votes in the first 2 days of the election. The third night, the winner

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was Jose Rizal, after the eloquent speech of appeal of Mariano Ponce addressed to
the group.
• He was offered the appointment as the Responsible but he refused it because he
didn’t want to rule the divided people, some of whom despised and disliked him. He
packed his bags and left for Biarritz, France.
• Rizal did not want to see the Filipinos in Madrid divided so he thought it best to leave
the city and he stayed with an old friend, Valentin Ventura.
• The Philippine Spanish Association was established and this was headed by a
Spaniard Professor, Miguel Morayta, grand master of Spanish Masonry, elected
president and De Lete was elected secretary.

INTERLUDE WITH NELLIE BOUSTEAD

• After Rizal left Madrid, he went to Biarritz and became a guest in the house of the
Boustead.
• After Nellie and Adelina Boustead became close to Rizal.
• After having the loss of his beloved Leonor Rivera, he came to entertain considerable
affection for Nellie, later on with an intention to propose a marriage for Nellie.
• Antonio Luna, the brother of Filipino painter Juan, became jealous of Rizal.
• In Rizal’s stay in Madrid, Antonio Luna challenged him of a duel because of the
latter’s jealousy toward the former for the heart of Nellie Boustead.
• Rizal’s marriage proposal for Nellie failed for two reasons;
➢ He refused to give up his Catholic faith.
➢ Nellie’s mother did not like him as son-in-law.

THE SECOND NOVEL EI FILIBUSTERISMO

• Frustrated with his romance with Nellie Boustead and Leonor Rivera, Rizal found
consolation in writing his second novel.
• He has started writing the second novel as early as October 1887 while he was still in
Calamba, and then he continued writing when he was in London.
• More chapters were written when he was in Paris, Madrid and Biarritz.
• Paciano advised Jose not to return to the Philippines. He told to come back to the
East preferably in Hong Kong, because it is near enough for parents and relatives.
• In a letter to his friend Basa, he expressed his profound desire to practice
ophthalmology in in the Hong Kong in order to earn a living. Jose Ma. Basa assured
him that he could practice medicine in Hong Kong.
• The manuscript was completed on March 29, 1891.
• He left Brussels for Ghent for two reasons.
➢ The cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels
➢ To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne.
• He looked for a printing press that would give him the lowest quotation in publishing
the El Filibusterismo.
• Jose Rizal pawned his jewelry and gave all his money from the sales of the Noli Me
Tangere. He also expected the patriotic Filipinos to help him in the publishing
expenses.
• F Meyer-Van Loo Press was willing to print El Filibusterismo on an installment basis.
• Valentin Ventura, his friend in Paris sent to Jose Rizal the needed amount for the
completion of the publication of the EI Filibusterismo, thus earning the tile as the
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savior of El Filibusterismo.
• In September 18, 1891, the second novel came off the press. The second novel is said
to be a continuation of Noli Me Tangere. It started thirteen years after the soldiers
believed that they shot Crisostomo Ibarra dead in a river chase.
• Rizal dedicated hi second novel to the martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za (Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora). Hut he committed error in tis dedication when he
stated that the martyrdom of the Gom-Bur-Za happened on February 28, 1872 and
not February 18, 1872. He also committed in stating the age of the three martyr
Filipino priest.
• There were congratulations from many friends, others called it perfect. Graciano
Lopez Jaena found the EI Filibusterismo superior to the Noli Me Tangere in terms of
style and ideas. But the political leadership in the Philippines saw him as an enemy of
the state.
• The following are the leading characters of El Filibusterismo
➢ Dona Victorina – a superior Filipino that looked down on the natives.
➢ Paulita Gomez – her beautiful niece who grew up and acted as Spanish manner.
➢ Ben Zayb – a Spanish journalist who wrote not good articles about the Filipinos.
➢ Padre Sibyla – Vice Rector of the UST.
➢ Padre Camorra – the Spanish priest of Tiani.
➢ Don Custodio – a Spanish-Filipino holding a high position in the government.
➢ Padre Salvi – the Spanish priest of San Diego.
➢ Padre Irene – a kind friar and a friend of the Filipinos.
➢ Padre Florentino – a retired patriotic Filipino priest.
➢ Isagani – a nephew of Padre Florentino and boyfriend of Paulita.
➢ Basilio – a medical student that was financed by Capitan Tiago.
➢ Simeon – a rich and powerful jeweler.
➢ Quiroga – a wealthy Chinese merchant.
➢ Maria Clara – daughter of Capitan Tiago.
➢ Cabesang Tales – fought against the friars.
➢ Juli – the daughter of Cabesang Tales, the girlfriend of Basilio.
➢ Makaraig – a rich student in order to have a school that teaches Spanish.
➢ Tandang Selo – the father of Cabesang Tales.
➢ Sandoval – the Spaniard who supported the cause of the Filipino students.
➢ Pepay – the pretty dancer and mistress of Don Custodio.
➢ Padre Fernandez – a good Dominican & friend of Isagani.
• Rizal’s third novel was untitled and unfinished. It is said that it can cause greater
scandal and will cause Spanish vengeance on him.
• His other unfinished novel was entitled “Makamisa”, was also written in Tagalog and
was intended for the Filipinos.
Assessment Task Sheet # 13
Checkpoint Write a short book review of the novel, El Filibusterismo. Follow the writing
conditions written above. In your review of the novel, tell why and how
El Filibusterismo awaken the feeling of Filipino Nationalism among our
ancestors to rose arms against our Spanish Colonizers. Also include a
short comparison of Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
Reading Material No. 14

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Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
RIZAL’S SECOND HOMECOMING

BACK TO HONG KONG

• After the publication of his novel, Rizal left Europe and lived in Hong Kong.
• Rizal lived in Hong Kong from November 1891 to June 1892. He shoes to live in Hong
Kong for two reasons;
➢ Life is unbearable in Europe because of his political difference with Del Pilar.
➢ To be near his idolized Philippines and Family.
• Political differences with Del Pilar and the other Filipinos can cause disunity.
• Rizal informed Marcelo H. Del Pilar that he could no longer write for La Solidaridad
and that he was retiring from the political arena.
• He boarded the steamer “Melbourne” bound for Hong Kong with 600 copies of the
Fili.
• He arrived in Hong Kong on November 20, 1891 and was welcomed by his friend
Jose Ma. Basa.
• Family members arrived, his father, Silvestre Ubaldo his brother-in-law, his mother, his
sisters Lucia, Josefa and Trinidad.
• In spite of her old age, Dona Teodora has received very great indignities before she
joined her son in Hong Kong.
• A civil guard caught his 65-year-old mother on the charge that she used her name,
Teodora Alonso instead of Teodora Realonda de Rizal.
• Punishment of this crime was for his mother to walk for four days to Santa Cruz, the
capital of Laguna. But the governor of the province absolved her of her crime and
allowed her to go home.
• He applied for a license and was granted the right to practice his profession.
• Jose Rizal visited the British jail in order to have an idea how their system worked.
• Portuguese physician Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez, Director of Prisons of the Colony,
became his friend.
• Dr. Marquez helped him start his practice in Hong Kong. He also successfully
operated on his mother's eyes the second time.
• December 23, 1891, he wrote to the Philippine Governor General Eulogio Despujol
that he wanted to return to the islands, but this was totally ignored.

BORNEO PROJECT
• Dr. Rizal conceived the idea of moving the displaced families of Calamba and other
farmers of Batangas to Borneo.
• He became friends with H. L. Dalrymple a member of the Public Library Committee
and Board of Medical Examiners, was a merchant and an agent of the British North
Borneo Company.
• 100,000 acres of land was offered to the Filipinos along the Bengkoka River in Maradu
Bay for 999 years free of charges by the British North Borneo Company.
• January 1892, Dr. Rizal corresponded with Mr. W. B. Pryor, manager of the North
Borneo Development Company. He sent an outline for the formation of a Filipino
colony on the Island.
• In 1892, he visited Sandakan, North Borneo. Rizal stayed in Sandakan until the last
week of April. But in the ray of hope was the replacement of Governor General

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Weyler by Governor General Eulogio Despujol.
• Rizal returned to Hong Kong; he received the news that Mr. Cook refused to give
5,000 acres of land for free because the payment was three pesos an acre.
• The Spanish consul in Hong Kong verbally relayed to Rizal that the Philippines needed
laborers.
• It is unpatriotic for Filipinos to go to foreign lands and work when the Philippines
needed laborers.
• January 1892, Jose Ma. Basa conceived the idea of an organized group of Filipinos
would work towards the attainment of the liberty of the people of the Philippines.
• The following were Jose Rizal's writings while he was in Hong Kong;
➢ He tried to finish his third novel in Tagalog but gave it up. Paciano started
translating the Noli to Tagalog.
➢ Ang Mga Karapatan Ng Tao "The Rights of Man”.
➢ A la Nacion Espanola (To the Spanish Nation)
➢ Sa Mga Kababayan (To My Countrymen)
➢ Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol (A Visit to Victoria Gaol) Visit to the Victoria colonial
jail which had humane conditions as compared to the Spanish prison systems.
➢ Colonization du British Nor Borneo, par des Familles de Iles Philippines (Colonization
of British North Borneo by Families from the Philippine Islands).
• The most important writing of Rizal in Hong Kong was the Constitution of the La Liga
Filipina. It is an association of patriotic Filipinos for civic purposes.

RETURN TO MANILA
• The following were the reasons why Rizal decided to go back to Manila;
➢ To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo project
➢ To establish La Liga Filipina in the Philippines.
➢ To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid.
• He left two letters. The first one was addressed to his parents, family and the second
one to the Filipino people, both dated Junes 20, 1892.
• He penned the third letter to Gov. Eulogio Despujol, informing him of his planned to
go back to the Philippines.
• On June 21, 1892, he and his sister Lucia boarded a ship to return to the Philippines,
holding a special passport from the consul general of Hong Kong.
• Rizal fall in the trap of the Spanish government that on the same day he boarded his
ship to manila, a case for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation was filed against
him.

DR. RIZAL: IN EXILE TO DAPITAN

DEPORTATION TO DAPITAN (1892-1896)

• Rizal arrived in Manila, accompanied by his sister, Lucia, on June 26, 1892 on board
the steamer, Don Juan.
• Rizal and elder sister, Lucia stayed at the Hotel Oriente in Binondo, facing the
Binondo Church.
• He requested Governor General Eulogio Despujol for pardon for his father, brother
and brothers-in-law.
• He started his campaign for his family and for La Liga Filipina, he visited some of his
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Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
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friend in the provinces of Central Luzon, but being shadowed by the spy of the
Spanish Government.
• On July 3, 1892, he founded the La Liga Filipina at the house of Doroteo Ongjuco at
Ilaya Street, in Tondo, Manila.
• He met with several Filipinos, namely: Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio
Salvador, Timoteo Paez, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Deodato Arellano, and others.
• The following were elected as:
➢ President - Ambrosio Salvador
➢ Fiscal - Agustin de la Rosa
➢ Treasurer – Bonifacio Arevalo
➢ Secretary -Deodato Arellano
➢ Deodato Arellano was the brother in law of Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
• The following were the aims of the La Liga Filipina;
➢ To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.
➢ Mutual protection in every want and necessity.
➢ Defense against all violence and injustice.
➢ Encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce.
➢ Study application of reforms.
• Rizal went to Malacañang on July 6, 1892 to resume his series of correspondence
with Gov. Despujol.
• Gov. Despujol showed him handbills that were found in Lucia's pillows by inspectors
when they arrived from Hong Kong.
• Printed on these handbills were anti-friar articles, is entitled, Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars)
authored by Fr. Jacinto, printed by Imprenta Delos Amigos in Manila. Handbills were
about the rich friars who became wealthy at the expense of the poor, abused and
oppressed.
• On July 07, 1892, Gov. Despujol sign the decree of banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
• July 14, 1892, under heavy guard and shrouded with almost secrecy, he boarded the
steamer Cebu and reached Dapitan on the 17th of July.
• Rizal was handed over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the political military governor
of Dapitan, an isolated Spanish outpost in northern Mindanao,
• The Spaniards colonized the Zamboanga peninsula in order to serve the first line of
defense against the raiding Muslims from the south.
• Fort Zamboanga was founded in 1635 and Fort Pillar was constructed in Cagang-
Cagang (now Rio Hondo).
• Jose Rizal gradually won over Captain Carnicero who eventually became his friend.
Rizal also gave him a poem entitled “A Don Ricardo Carnicero”, as a birthday gift to
the captain.
• September 21, 1892, Captain Carnicero, Francisco Equilor a Spaniard who resided in
the neighboring town of Dipolog and Jose Rizal won second prize in a lottery
amounting to twenty thousand pesos P20, 000.
• Rizal's share was six thousand two hundred pesos (P 6,200).
• Gave two thousand pesos P2, 000 to his father, two hundred (P 200) to his friend Jose
Basa in Hong Kong who supported Rizal in numerous times during his stay.
• Remaining amount was used to buy lands in Dapitan. It showed that Rizal has his only
vice in buying lottery tickets.

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• During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal had a series of scholarly debate with Fr. Pablo
Pastells, the head of Jesuits missionary in the Philippines.
• According to Rizal, self-judgment and self-esteem were given by God himself to the
people and therefore should be used as his guide.
• The freedom of the mind, the validity of individual reasoning and respected the
religious beliefs of others.
• Despite of their indifferences in religious views, they remained good friends. Fr. Pastels
gave him a copy of Thomas a Kempis book, “Imitacion de Cristo” (Imitation of Christ)
which later he gave to Josephine Bracken as a wedding gift.
• The letter to Dr. Blumentritt dated December 19, 1893 left a very detailed description
of the tranquil but fruitful life in Dapitan.
• “I have three houses, one square, another hexagonal and a third, an octagon, all of
bamboo and nipa. The square house where my mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew
and I lived. The octagonal house where my boys or some good youngster whom I
teach arithmetic, Spanish and English lived.”
• “I treat my poor patients who came to my land. I teach the boys until 4 p.m. and
devout the afternoon to agriculture. I spend the night reading and studying.”
• He bought more lands in Talisay where he planted fruit-bearing trees. He also
introduced to the people of Dapitan the European methods of farming and bought
farming machinery.
• During his stay in Dapitan, Rizal encountered Florencio Namanan who introduced
himself to Rizal as Pablo Mercado, and a relative of Rizal. But soo he found outthat it
was an impostor and reported it to Capt. Juan Sitges, the comandancia that
replaced Ricardo Carnicero.
• Rizal kept constant contact with the following scientist friends and professors in
Europe.
➢ Dr. Rost Library of London asked him to write philological articles for the English
magazines and a treatise on Philippine dialects.
➢ Dr. N. M. Kheil of Prague asked him to publish a work on the fauna of Mindanao
for a collection of butterflies.
➢ Dr. S. Knuttel of Stuttgart solicited from him reports on the volcanic eruptions in the
archipelago.
➢ Dr. A. B. Meyer of Dresden sent him boxes of samples of the plants and animals of
Mindanao.
➢ Prof. Boettger, a man on zoology of the East discovered that the sample of a frog
sent by Dr. Rizal to a new species and named it Rhacophorus Rizali.
➢ Dr. Carl M. Heller named small beetle specie discovered by Rizal in Dapitan and
named it Apogonia Rizali.
• He opened a school and was attended by selected boys from the prominent families
of Dapitan. The curriculum used was patterned more from the European model
rather than the Spanish curriculum in the Philippines.
• Intended to beautify Dapitan not only for aesthetic purposes but for sanitation
aspects as well. With the help of Father Francisco Sanchez, his former Jesuit teacher,
they remodeled the town plaza.
• Rizal constructed a huge relief map of Mindanao which can still be viewed today.
He also devised a lighting system to light up the streets of Dapitan. He modeled an

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invention on a Belgian example of making bricks. He also invented a unique lighter
made of wood using the principle of compressed air which he named “Sulpukan”.
• Rizal wrote poems while in Dapitan: A Ricardo Carnicero, Hymn to the Talisay Tree (to
please his mother who requested for a poem from him), Mi Retiro (My Retreat) and El
Canto del Viajero (The Song of the Traveler).
• Made a huge backdrop an oil painting on canvas placed behind the main altar for
the Lenten season on the private chapel of the Sisters of Charity, who were
preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their chapel.
• The more popular one is entitled "The Mother's Revenge." This work is a
commemoration of his dog, Syria, whose puppy was devoured by a crocodile.
Showing his dog revenging against the crocodile.
• He also made a bust of St. Paul and gave it as a gift to Fr. Pastells. And a
woodcarving of Josephine Bracken which he later named as “The Dapitan Girl.
• He successfully operated on his mother's eyes when his mother and his sister Maria
came to live with him for a year.
• He also practiced medicine initially for his poor patients; he did not charge them and
gave them medicines.
• He studied the native medicinal plants of Dapitan that could prescribe these to his
poor patients.

RIZAL MET JOSEPHINE BRACKEN, HIS WIFE

• One of the foreign patients who traveled all the way from Hong Kong to Dapitan was
a certain Mr. George Tauffer, an American engineer, who was a blind. The letter of
introduction from Julio Llorente, Rizal's friend in Hong Kong.
• Mr. Tauffer came with a companion whom he raised from her childhood, Josephine
Bracken. An Irish girl who described by Rizal with “slender, a chestnut blond with blue
eyes.”
• Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other, but obstacles were numerous. Mr.
Tauffer refused to allow Josephine to be with Rizal. The sisters of Rizal also did not
approve of Josephine.
• George Tauffer’s ailment was incurable so he decided to go back to Hong Kong, but
Josephine Bracken was left in the Philippines that paved the way for Rizal and
Bracken to continue their romance.
• They had a son who was born prematurely and eventually died after three hours.
Rizal baptized him, “Francisco", named after his father Francisco Mercado and
buried him near their place of residence in Dapitan.
• 1896, an armed revolution was being planned in Manila by the Katipuneros. Dr. Pio
Valenzuela informed him of the planned uprising.
• June 15, 1896, Valenzuela left Manila using a fictitious name, Marcelo del Pilar and
boarded the steamer Venus with a blind man, Raymundo Mata, supposedly to ask
for Dr. Rizal's help on the blindness of the individual.
• On June 21, 1896, Rizal checked on the blind man’s condition and at the latter part
of the day Valenzuela talked to him regarding the Revolution.
• Dr. Rizal strongly opposed to the plan because of two reasons;
➢ The people are not ready for a revolution.
➢ Arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution.
• He rejected the offer of the Katipuneros to rescue him from Dapitan.
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RIZAL’S LAST TRIP ABROAD

• Dr. Blumentritt updated the situation of the Cuban revolution and suggested to Rizal
to volunteer his services to the Spanish government and join their forces as a doctor
in Cuba.
• He received a Notice of Safe Conduct Pass that would be giving him safe travel
back to Manila.
• July 31, 1896, he sold his lands and other items he owned, mostly to the people of
Dapitan.
• The captain who was in full military uniform came to see a favorite friend leaving
Dapitan.
• Accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa (an elder sister), Angelica (Narcisa's daughter),
three sons of Maria and another two sons of Lucia. He boarded the steamer, España
and reached Manila on August 6, 1896.
• The steamer España carrying Rizal, his wife, five family members, and six of his
Dapitan students, arrived in Manila Bay on August 6, 1896.
• Josephine, sister, Narcisa, niece, Angelica; his nephews and students were released
and allowed to stay with other members of the Rizal family in a house in Manila.
• Rizal missed the steamer, Isla de Luzon the previous day that will suppose to bring him
to Spain. Because of this he waited for almost one month for another steamer (Isla de
Panay) that will bring him to Spain.
• Rizal stayed on board the said cruise ship, Castilla, from August 6 to September 2,
1896, which would bring him to Spain.
• While boarding Castilla, the revolution erupted on August 26, 1896, Andres Bonifacio
and other freedom-loving Katipuneros started the Philippine Revolution through an
event known as the "Cry of Balintawak.”
• The Katipuneros led by Emilio Jacinto tried to rescue Rizal. But he refused their rescue
offer and reasoned out that his escape might make him appear like a common
criminal.
• August 30, 1896, he received a letter from Governor General Ramon Blanco with
good wishes for him. Send along with two recommendation letters addressed to the
Minister of War and the Minister of Colonies of Spain.
• Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay, which left for Spain on September
3, 1896.
• September 7, 1896, the Isla de Panay, reached Singapore, a British colony.
• Don Pedro Roxas who was with him in the steamer and other Filipino friends in
Singapore persuade him to escape from the clutches of the Spaniards.
• Again, he refused, and reasoned out that escaping is only for criminals who are
evading arrest and possible imprisonment.
• While crossing the Mediterranean Sea, Rizal was placed under arrest by Captain
Alemany on September 30 1896, after receiving telegraphic orders from Spanish
authorities in Manila. The steamer arrived in Barcelona, Spain on October 3, 1896.
• Rizal remained on the steamer for three days and was transferred to the Montjuich
Castle early in the morning. On the third day of his arrest, Comm. Eulogio Despujol,
the military commander of Barcelona summoned him for an interrogation. He was
also informed by Despujol that a steamer, Colon, will bring him back to the
Philippines.
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• Rizal was confined to a prison cell and was transferred to another steamer, Colon at
about eight o'clock in the evening of the same day.
• Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez on learning about his arrest sent telegrams
to an English lawyer, Mr. Hugh Fort, to work for his release when the steamer reached
Singapore by means of Writ of Habeas Corpus.
• Mr. Fort filed a case at the Singapore Court of Justice claiming that Rizal was illegally
detained in the Spanish steamer. But Supreme Court Judge Lionel Cox ruled out that
Rizal was in a Spanish ship carrying Spanish troops. Hence, it was a foreign warship.
And under international law of that time, it is beyond the jurisdiction of the court and
government of Singapore.
Assessment Task Sheet # 14
Checkpoint It is a contested and debatable belief that before Dr. Rizal was killed
thru firing squad, he retracted what he had written against the Catholic
Church and the Spanish government in order to marry his wife,
Josephine Bracken ours before his execution. It is argued that if the
marriage happened, then Rizal retracted as a requirement for the
church to grant him permission to married. On the other hand, other
believe that the marriage didn’t happen, thus the retraction. Write a
short essay, following the writing condition stated above, in which you
will argue whether Dr. Rizal retracted against the Catholic Church and
the Spanish government or not.
Reading Material No. 15

THE TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF DR. RIZAL

THE TRIAL OF RIZAL

• In November 3, 1896, Rizal arrived in Manila. He was the secretly but heavily guarded
transferred to Fort Santiago where he was imprisoned until his execution day, 57 days
later.
• Rizal was not allowed to see his family and friends for several weeks.
• His brother Paciano, and some Filipino patriots, were violently tortured in order to
gather evidence that they could use against him.
• November 20, 1896, Rizal, was subjected to an investigation that lasted for five days.
• Judge Advocate Colonel Francisco informed Rizal of the charges against him.
• The documentary evidences against Rizal were as follows:
➢ The October 16, 1888 letter of Antonio Luna to Ponce which implied that Rizal had
something to do with the Filipino reform movement in Spain.
➢ The August 20, 1890, a letter of Rizal to his family in Calamba which mentioned
that deportations have a positive effect because Filipinos will be encouraged to
hate the Spaniard’s cruel ways.
➢ The January 7, 1889 letter of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Deodato Arellano showing
Rizal's connection with the Propaganda Movement in Madrid.
➢ The poem Kundiman written on September 12, 1891, by Rizal which mentioned
that his beautiful country is bound in chains is an oppressed slave of tyrants.
➢ The September 18, 1891 letter of Carlos Oliver to an unknown individual which
stated that Rizal will be the Philippines' savior from the Spaniards' tyrannical rule.
➢ The February 9, 1892 Masonic document which glorified Rizal for his services to his
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beloved country.
➢ The May 24, 1892 letter signed Dimasalang (Rizal's penname) to Tenluz (pen name
of Juan Zulueta) which mentioned a refuge place for Filipinos oppressed by the
Spaniards.
➢ The June 1, 1892 letter signed by Dimasalang to a group of people and
requesting for their help for "patriotic services.”
➢ An undated letter from an unidentified person to the Hong Kong Telegraph
complaining about Rizal's exile to Dapitan.
➢ The September 3, 1892 letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal stating that Rizal was
considered by the Filipinos as their savior.
➢ The September 17, 1892 letter of a certain Rizal to an unknown correspondent
informing him of the arrest and exile of two Filipinos, Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio
Salvador.
➢ A letter of marcelo H. Del Pilar to Juan A. Tenlu of the establishment of an
independent Masonry that will help the cause of the Filipino People.
➢ Records of Pingkian’s (Emilio Jacinto) in a gathering of the Katipunan which
uttered “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas, Mabuhay ang Kalayaan, Mabuhay si Dr. Jose
Rizal.”
➢ Records of Tik-tik’s (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same gathering of the Katipunan
which uttered “Mabuhay Dr. Jose Rizal, Kamatayan para sa mga tagapaniil ng
bayan.”
➢ A poem written by Laong Laan (Rizal’s Pseudonym) A Talisay which the authors
show the schoolboys of Dapitan ways how they can fight for their rights
• The oral testimonies of the following individuals were presented as testimonial
evidences against Dr. Jose Rizal.
➢ Deodato Arellano
➢ Martin Constantino
➢ Aguedo Del Rosario
➢ Jose Dizon
➢ Domingo Franco
➢ Pedro S. Laktaw
➢ Timoteo Paez
➢ Francisco Quison
➢ Antonio Salazar
➢ Ambrosio Salvador
➢ Moises Salvador
➢ Dr. Pio Valenzuela
• Captain Rafael Dominguez was appointed Judge Advocate by the governor
general that instituted the corresponding action against Rizal.
• Captain Dominguez summarized the charges against Dr. Rizal and returned these to
Governor General Blanco. Submitted them to the office of the Judge Advocate
General Don Nicolas de la Peña.
• The judge advocates general after scrutinizing the documents transmitted the
following recommendations:
➢ Rizal, the accused, must be subjected to trial at once.
➢ He must stay in prison while awaiting trial.

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➢ An attachment order must be issued against his properties, to the amount of one
million pesos, as a form of indemnity to the Spanish government.
➢ An army officer, not civilian lawyer, must defend him in the trial court.
✓ Dr. Rizal chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade, as his defender in court. Don Luis
turned out to be the brother of Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade, his former
"bodyguard" in Calamba in 1887.
• After choosing his counsel, Rizal was informed of the charges against him, of
insurrection and propagating the ideas of rebellion. He pleaded not guilty of the
charges against him.
• Dr. Rizal made it clear that:
➢ He was not questioning the court's jurisdiction on his case.
➢ His exile in Dapitan in 1892, he had not been involved in political activities.
➢ He did not admit the charges against him.
➢ He did not admit the statements made against him by the witnesses.
• Rizal’s trial was unfair and unjust for him. He was a civilian tried by a court martial that
was created to accuse and condemn him rather than giving him justice. This military
court also denied him of his basic rights to face all witnesses against him in an open
court and accepted all testimonies and documents against him and ignored
arguments and proofs that favoured him.
• Governor General Camilo G. de Polavieja who replaced Governor General Blanco,
received Rizal's case on December 13, 1896.
• Polavieja authorized the order to subject Dr. Rizal to trial by Court Martial on
December 26, 1896.
• December 26, 1896, at eight o'clock in the morning, the Court Martial trial of Rizal
started in the Cuartel de España, a military building inside Intramuros.
• Rizal wearing a black suit, white vest and black tie, sat on a bench, between the two
soldiers.
• His arms were tied behind him. Maintained his composure and looked dignified.
• Present and seated behind a long table, on an elevated platform were seven
members of the military court all wearing their full military uniform. They were;
➢ Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (President),
➢ Capt. Ricardo Munoz Arias
➢ Capt. Manuel Reguerra,
➢ Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
➢ Capt. Fernando Perez Rodriguez
➢ Capt. Manuel Diaz Eseribano
➢ Capt. Branlio Rodriguez Nunez.
• Present were Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade (Rizal's defender) Capt. Rafael Dominguez
(Judge Advocate), Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (Prosecuting Attorney) and spectators
which included Josephine Bracken, a sister of Rizal, newspapermen, and other
Spaniards.
• Rizal was accused of three crimes: rebellion, sedition, and illegal association.
• Lt. Alcocer was first to deliver his opening statement ending with the request to the
military court to sentence Rizal of death. He was followed by Taviel de Andrade’s
eloquent speech that ended it with a noble but futile admonition to the members of
the military court; “the judges cannot be vindictive; judges can only be just.”

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• Rizal answered in the affirmative and read his supplementary defense, which
consisted of twelve statements:
➢ He cannot be accused of rebellion because he was not in favor of a revolution;
this was his advice to Dr. Pio Valenzuela, the emissary of the Katipuneros, who
visited him in Dapitan.
➢ He had no contact with the radical revolutionary groups.
➢ His name was used by the revolutionary elements without his permission. And he
could escape in Singapore if he was really guilty.
➢ His very peaceful life in Dapitan, where he built a house, a hospital and bought
lands, were proofs of his non-involvement in revolutionary activities.
➢ He was not consulted by the revolutionists when they started their uprising.
➢ Although he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, he could not be accused of
rebellion because this was just a civic organization.
➢ The La Liga Filipina died out after his banishment to Dapitan.
➢ He did not know about the reorganization of the La Liga Filipina nine months after
his banishment.
➢ The revolutionist would not have supplanted La Liga Filipina with the Katipunan if it
did not serve the aim of the revolutionary.
➢ When his family was persecuted during the 1890’s, it caused him to write some
bitter comments against the Spaniards in some of his letters.
➢ The priest and military commanders of Dapitan can prove his exemplary life in
Dapitan.
➢ If he supported the revolution, why would the Katipunan sent an unknown
emissary to him while he was in exile to Dapitan? It is because he opposed the
idea of the revolution, and it is not true that his speech in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco really inspired the revolution.
• The military court voted unanimously for the death sentence of Dr. Jose P. Rizal. After
a short deliberation for they are prejudiced towards Rizal.
• On December 26, 1896, the said decision of the court was transmitted to Governor
General Polavieja who later consulted judge Advocate General Nicolas de la Pena
regarding their decision. The latter affirmed the death sentence of Dr. Rizal.
• Governor General Polavieja approved the decision of the Court Martial and ordered
the execution of Dr. Rizal on December 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan now known as the
Luneta.
Assessment Task Sheet # 15
Checkpoint Watch the film Jose Rizal by GMA Films and Starring Cesar Montano.
Write a short movie review of the film. Evaluate its contents and assess if
the scenes in the film are based in true story. Follow the writing
conditions stated above.

1. This is in reference to the films that you should have watched.

Jose Rizal, GMA Films, directed by Marilou Diaz Abaya
(https://vimeo.com/447528805)
2. You are going to reflect on the film you watched and be guided on
the following questions:
a. Describe the life of Rizal as represented in the film.
b. Based on your reading and class discussion, what can you say about
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Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
the film's representation of Jose Rizal?
c. What is the main question that the film seeks to answer?
d. What is your own reflection based on the film and you’re
understanding.
3. Your paper should observe the following paper requirements. Use
short bond paper double spaced in MS Word format; Arial,12-point font
and one-inch margin on all sides justified in more or less 500 words.
Reading Material No. 16

A MARTYR AT BAGUMBAYAN

A HEROIC DEATH
• Judge Advocate Rafael Dominguez read the official notice of Dr. Jose Rizal's death
penalty and execution to him.
• This occurred in the early morning, six o'clock in the morning, of December 29, 1896.
• Rizal was transferred to the prison chapel, where he stayed until six thirty in the
morning of the next day, December 30, 1896.
• Rizal requested that his former professors at the Ateneo de Manila assist him during
the last hours of his life.
• His Jesuit visitors were Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata (Rector of the Ateneo Municipal), Fr.
Luis Viza, who gave him the statuette of the “Sacred Heart of Jesus” which he curved
while he was a student of Ateneo, Fr. Antonio Rosell, Fr. Federico Faura who foresaw
his death when he wrote the Noli Me Tangere, Fr. Jose Villaclara, Fr. Vicente
Balaguer, Fr. Estanislao March.
• Other visitors included were: Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, his defender at the Court
Martial Santiago Mataix, correspondent of El Heraldo de Madrid, Dona Teodora, his
mother, Trinidad, his sister, Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon,
• The Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Fiscal Gaspar Castano of the Royal Audiencia
Juan del Fresno (Chief of the Guard Detail), Eloy Monre (Adjutant of the Plaza),
Josefa and Narcisa Rizal, his sisters, and Josephine Bracken whom he married
canonically at about five o' clock in the morning of December 30, 1896, the day of
his death. Fr. Balaguer is the one who officiated the said canonical marriage.
• Rizal's last poem, which was untitled, was written between twelve noon and three
thirty in the afternoon of December 29, 1896. The title Mi Ultimo Adios was given by Fr.
Mariano Dacanay.

HULING PAALAM
Pinipintuho kong Bayan ay paalam,
Lupang iniirog ng sikat ng araw,
mutyang mahalaga sa dagat Silangan,
kaluwalhatiang sa ami’y pumanaw.

Masayang sa iyo’y aking idudulot

ang lanta kong buhay na lubhang malungkot;
maging maringal man at labis ang alindog
sa kagalingan mo ay akin ding handog.

Sa pakikidigma at pamimiyapis
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Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
ang alay ng iba’y ang buhay na kipkip,
walang agam-agam, maluwag sa dibdib,
matamis sa puso at di ikahahapis.

Saan man mautas ay di kailangan,

cipres o laurel, lirio ma’y patungan
pakikipaghamok, at ang bibitayan,
yaon ay gayon din kung hiling ng Bayan.

Ako’y mamamatay, ngayong namamalas

na sa Silanganan ay namamanaag
yaong maligayang araw na sisikat
sa likod ng luksang nagtabing na ulap.

Ang kulay na pula kung kinakailangan

na maitina sa iyong liwayway,
dugo ko’y isaboy at siyang ikikinang
ng kislap ng iyong maningning na ilaw.

Ang aking adhika sapul magkaisip

noong kasalukuyang bata pang maliit,
ay ang tanghaling ka at minsang masilip
sa dagat Silangan hiyas na marikit.

Natuyo ang luhang sa mata’y nunukal,

taas na ang noo’t walang kapootan,
walang bakas kunot ng kapighatian
gabahid man dungis niyong kahihiyan.

Sa kabuhayan ko ang laging gunita

maningas na aking ninanasa-nasa
ay guminhawa ka ang hiyas ng diwa
paghingang papanaw ngayong biglang-bigla.

Ikaw’y guminhawa laking kagandahang

akoy malugmok, at ikaw ay matanghal,
hininga’y malagot, mabuhay ka lamang
bangkay ko’y maisilong sa iyong Kalangitan.

Kung sa libingan ko’y tumubong mamalas

sa malagong damo mahinhing bulaklak,
sa mga labi mo’y mangyayaring ilapat,
sa kaluluwa ko halik ay igawad.

At sa aking noo nawa’y iparamdam,

sa lamig ng lupa ng aking libingan,

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
ang init ng iyong paghingang dalisay
at simoy ng iyong paggiliw na tunay.

Bayaang ang buwan sa aki’y ititig

ang liwanag niyang lamlam at tahimik,
liwayway bayaang sa aki’y ihatid
magalaw na sinag at hanging hagibis.

Kung sakasakaling bumabang humantong

sa krus ko’y dumapo kahit isang ibon,
doon ay bayaan humuning hinahon
at dalitin niya payapang panahon.

Bayaan ang ningas ng sikat ng araw

ula’y pasingawin noong kainitan,
magbalik sa langit ng buong dalisay
kalakip ng aking pagdaing na hiyaw.

Bayaang sino man sa katotong giliw

tangisang maagang sa buhay pagkitil;
kung tungkol sa akin ay may manalangin
idalangin, Bayan, yaring pagkahimbing.

Idalanging lahat yaong nangamatay,

Nangag-tiis hirap na walang kapantay;
mga ina naming walang kapalaran
na inihihibik ay kapighatian.

Ang mga balo’t pinapangulila,

ang mga bilanggong nagsisipagdusa;
dalanginin namang kanilang makita
ang kalayaan mong ikagiginhawa.

At kung ang madilim na gabing mapanglaw

ay lumaganap na doon sa libinga’t
tanging mga patay ang nangaglalamay,
huwag bagabagin ang katahimikan.

Ang kanyang hiwaga’y huwag gambalain;

kaipala’y marinig doon ang taginting,
tunog ng gitara’t salterio’y magsaliw,
ako, Bayan yao’t kita’y aawitan.

Kung ang libingan ko’y limot na ng lahat

at wala ng kurus at batong mabakas,
bayaang linangin ng taong masipag,

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
lupa’y asarolin at kahuya’y ikalat.

Ang mga buto ko ay bago matunaw,

mauwi sa wala at kusang maparam,
alabok na iyong latag ay bayaang
siya ang babalang doo’y makipisan.

Kung magkagayon ma’y, alintanahin

na ako sa limot iyong ihabilin,
pagka’t himpapawid at ang panganorin,
mga lansangan mo’y aking lilibutin.

Matining na tunog ako sa dinig mo,

ilaw, mga kulay, masamyong pabango,
ang ugong at awit, paghibik ko sa iyo,
pag-asang dalisay ng pananalig ko.

Bayang iniirog, sakit niyaring hirap,

Katagalugan kong pinakaliliyag,
dinggin mo ang aking pagpapahimakas;
diya’y iiwan ko sa iyo ang lahat.

Ako’y patutungo sa walang busabos,

walang umiinis at berdugong hayop;
pananalig doo’y di nakasasalot,
si Bathala lamang doo’y haring lubos.

Paalam, magulang at mga kapatid

kapilas ng aking kaluluwa’t dibdib
mga kaibigan, bata pang maliit,
sa aking tahanan di na masisilip.

Pag-papasalamat at napahinga rin,

paalam estranherang kasuyo ko’t aliw,
paalam sa inyo, mga ginigiliw;
mamatay ay siyang pagkakagupiling!

• He managed to insert and hide it inside an alcohol cooking stove (a gift from Paz
Pardo de Tavera) which he gave to his sister Trinidad.
• Trinidad received the said stove and he whispered, “There is something in it.”
• December 29, 1896, he wrote letters addressed to his brother Paciano and his best
friend Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, and another letter addressed to his father and
mother asking for forgiveness.
• He read of the Acts of Faith, Hope and Charity from the Spanish prayer book,
Aceptacion dela Muerte and signing the page 49 of the said prayer book.
• He confessed to Fr. Villaclara, three times before his execution. He gave his book of
Tomas a Kempis’ lmitacion de Cristo to his wife Josephine, as wedding gift, with the
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College of Teacher Education
following dedication: "To my dear "and unhappy wife, Josephine December 30. 1896
Jose Rizal".
• Rizal wore an elegant black suit, black tie, white vest, black hat, and black shoes.
• His arms from elbow to elbow were tied at his back; however his arms had freedom
of movement because the rope tying them was quite loose.
• Dr. Rizal was not afraid to die, as evidenced by his normal pulse felt by Dr. Felipe Ruiz
Castillo, a military physician who asked to feel his pulse which he graciously granted.
• He kissed a crucifix that one of the priests brought for him and finally blessed him
before he was executed.
• His request to be shot facing the firing squad was denied by the commander for the
command of the captain was to shoot him in the back because they believed that it
was the rightful way to kill a traitor.
• The beating of the drums followed by the command "Fuego!" or "Fire!" preceded the
firing of the guns.
• But after the shot was fired, Rizal with all of his force managed to face the firing
squad and the rising sun
• Dr. Rizal fell and at exactly three minutes after seven o’ clock that morning he was
pronounced dead after the commander perform the final shot that assure his death.
• Dr. Rizal’s death, who live exactly 35 years 5 months and 11 days, was welcomed by
the Spanish spectators as they shouted:Viva Espana! or "Long Live Spain!" The band
played the song “Marcha de Cadiz, one of Spain’s Nationalistic songs.

DR. RIZAL’S LEGACY

NATIONALISM
• The ideals of Rizal are eloquently demonstrated from his devotion to educate the
people on the fundamentals of democracy.
• He believed that the Filipinos were not inferior as the Spaniards called "Indio" and
only all awakening of their aspirations and spirit were needed to bring forth
development.
• The writings of Rizal tried to put emphasis on the need of recovering this great ideal
to awaken the nationalistic spirit among the Filipinos who were quite passive.
• Nationalism - the devotion to the interests of one's country is a means of existence.
• The Filipinos survive through the ages no matter what political and economic
oppression they have to face.

NATIONALISM IN EDUCATION
• Education can be a powerful weapon in propagating nationalism.
• A nationalist education would place great importance on the teaching of Philippine
history from the point of view of the Filipino people.
• This will develop an anti-colonial, anti-imperialist orientation.
• Educating for nationalism means educating for a national and social purpose.

MORAL VALUES
• Moral values can exist only in a free being and his voluntary human acts.
• Moral values are universal in the sense that what holds for an individual holds for all in
the same conditions and circumstances.

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City of Malabon
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Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
• Rizal a man of powerful energy and intellectual endowments valued loyalty, filial
devotion, benevolence, love, faithfulness, justice, harmony and peace.
• Class struggle is not a requirement to human progress.
• Man has been guided by the principle of cooperation and not conflict.
• Class war is not the cause of social progress.
• The cause of this disease is the inability to subsist, and the result of the disease is war.

EDUCATION
• Without education and liberty the soil and the sun of mankind no measure can give
the desired result. To his friend Blumentritt, he wrote: We shall devote our strength to
the education of the Filipino people which is my supreme aspiration.
• The supreme aspiration was a necessary condition in the quest for national identity
and progress.
• Without education no reform is possible that is no tranquility and happiness are
possible.
• Our life is useless life which is not consecrated to a great idea.
• It is a stone wasted in the fields without becoming a part of any edifice.
• The "great idea or the edifice is the building of the Filipino nation the establishment of
a Philippine republic.
• Filipino women are the ones who awaken and prepare the mind of the child for
every good and desirable idea love for honor, love for one's fellowmen and respect
for God, to fortify their children's character against any difficulty and to strengthen
their hearts against any danger because life is full of sorrows and perils.

GOVERNANCE
• The preservation of the state from internal and external danger is one of the primary
functions of the government.
• The citizens should be encouraged to participate to government undertakings and
productive activities by way of consultation through peaceful and lawful means.
• The people managing the affairs of government shall have brains and ability,
political maturity and experience.

ON FAMILY
• The family is basic and oldest social institution.
• It is important in shaping the character of the individual.
• Socializing is encountered by most individual in effect influenced them for the rest of
their lives.
• It also determines the child social class, religious orientation and language used.
• Family acts as a social laboratory which prepares the individual’s life to a bigger
society.

ON LIVELIHOOD
• The human progress was guided by cooperation and not by conflict.
• The people’s livelihood determines the economic status of the family.
• Livelihood regarded as one of the focal points of the government to alleviate
poverty.
• Livelihood programs are through equalization and land ownerships.

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City of Malabon
CITY OF MALABON UNIVERSITY
Pampano cor., Maya-Maya Sts., Longos City of Malabon
College of Teacher Education
ON JUSTICE
• Justice is the constant of perpetual will to allot to every man his due.
• The ideal of justice illustrates the lady justice blindfolded and ready to smite with her
sword those who se inequity weigh down her scales can be presented to the world.
• In a society no person shall be deprived of life, liberty and property without due
process of law.
• A fair, speedy and impartial investigation should be administered before a final
judgment is made.

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

• The school is the foundation of society, the school is the book in which is read the
future of the people.
• Liberty is a goal of human progress but it is a very dangerous thing in the hands of
ignorant people.
• A revolution may be a momentary triumph but it will have no lasting effect if the
revolving people are not ready for it.
• Progress begins with education and it ends with more education.
Assessment Task Sheet # 16
Checkpoint This task can be done my pair as long as you follow strictly proper health
protocols. Doing it with face-to-face interaction is highly discourage.
Draw a poster depicting the theme “Jose Rizal: My Hero” it should also
contain some of Rizal’s legacy which are presented creatively. You can
choose between actual/manual sketching or virtual/digital sketching
using some apps in making you poster.

FINAL EXAMINATION
References Books and Journals:
De Viana, Augusto V. Jose Rizal in Our Times: A Guide for a Better
Understanding of the Philippines’ Foremost National Hero. Mandaluyong
City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. 2011.
Guerrero, Leon Ma. The First Filipino: A Biography of Dr. Jose P. Rizal.
Manila. Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission. 1962.
Schumacher, Joel, N. Fr. S.J. The Propaganda Movement. Manila
Solidaridad Publishing House. 1973.
Majul, Cesar A. A Critique of Rizal’s Concept of a Filipino Nation. Quezon
City: UP Press. 1953.
________. Political and Historical Writings by Rizal. Manila: National Heroes
Commission. 1963.
Quibuyen, Floro C. A Nation Aborted: Rizal, American Hegemony, and
Philippine Nationalism. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
1999.
Corpuz, Onofre D. The Roots of the Filipino Nation, Vols. 1 and 2, Quezon
City: University of the Philippines Press. 2005.
Constantino, Renato, Adoration without Understanding
De la Costa, Horacio, S.J., The Trial of Rizal, 2nd printing 1996.

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