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BUILDING UTILITIES 3 INTRODUCTION TO ACOUSTICS
ACOUSTICS AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS
PHYSICS OF SOUND// ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS
THEORY AND PROPERTIES // CHARACTERISTICS // BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS OF SOUND
BY AR. IGO BASA DEPAZ JR
FACULTY MEMBER/ INSTRUCTOR
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EARTH ENGINEERING
SCIENCES FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS
ACOUSTICS
EARTH SCIENCES: Physics of earth and atmosphere (seismic
waves/ sounds in the atmosphere) // Oceanography (underwater
sound)
SEISMIC WAVES // GROUND WAVES //
EARTHQUAKES:
FUNDAMENTALS
OF PHYSICAL
ACOUSTICS
LIFE
ARTS HEAT WAVES // ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES //
SCIENCES GRAVITATIONAL WAVE/ WAVES INWAVES:
ATMOSPHERIC THE ATMOSPHERE
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FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics
EARTH SCIENCES: Physics of earth and atmosphere (seismic LIFE SCIENCES: Medicine/ Physiology/ Psychology (bioacoustics/
waves/ sounds in the atmosphere) // Oceanography (underwater hearing/ psycho- acoustics) // Speech* (communication)
sound)
BIOACOUSTICS/ HEARING
UNDERWATER WAVES // SONAR WAVES
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Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics
LIFE SCIENCES: Medicine/ Physiology/ Psychology (bioacoustics/ LIFE SCIENCES: Medicine/ Physiology/ Psychology (bioacoustics/
hearing/ psycho- acoustics) // Speech* (communication) hearing/ psycho- acoustics) // Speech* (communication)
VOCAL CORDS // SPEECH // COMMUNICATION ECHOLOCATION
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Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics
ENGINEERING: Electrical, Chemical, Mechanical (electro-acoustics/ ARTS: Visual Arts/ Music/ Speech (musical scales and instruments/
sonic and ultra sonic engineering/ shock and vibration/ noise*) communications)
AIRCRAFT // VIBRATION AND SHOCK// SONICBOOM MUSIC // SINGING // MUSICAL SCALES AND INSTRUMENT
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Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS
(room and space acoustics// noise control // sound treatment)
THEATRE HOUSE // CONCERT HALL // AUDITORIUM // MUSIC ROOM
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Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics
OPERA HOUSE // RECORDING STUDIO // LECTURE & CONFERENCE HALL MOVIE HOUSE // SENATE HALL // CHURCH OR CHAPEL
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Acoustics: a branch of physics that studies sound
Acoustician: a scientist who works in the field of In order to design and plan these buildings properly,
acoustics. understanding and analyzing the basic of sound is
very important, . . . . .
Acoustical Engineering - the application of acoustics in
technology.
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SOUND
is an energy produced by vibrating objects and reaches
the listener’s ears as waves in the air or other media
SOUND AND SOUND THEORY
when an object vibrates, it causes slight changes in air
pressure. These air pressure changes travel as waves
through the air and produce sound
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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SOURCES OF SOUND:- 1) Speech 2) Music 3) Noise
TYPES OF SOUND:- 1) Wanted Sound 2) Unwanted Sound To better understand the theory of sound, let us first
define and analyze the keywords;- waves, medium,
and vibration
SOUND MUST ALWAYS HAVE THE FOLLOWING;
A SOURCE, A PATH, AND A RECEIVER
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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WAVES WAVES
An oscillation accompanied by transfer of energy. A C
disturbance that travels through a medium from one A- source of
waves because of
location to another. These MEDIUMS are solid, liquid,
disturbance
and gas.
B- series of waves A B B
THEREFORE, waves are everywhere.
formed because of
repetitive vibration
B
Two Types of Waves
C- medium (solid,
(1) Transverse Waves (2) Longitudinal Waves liquid, or gas)
B
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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WAVES Two Types of Waves
(1) Transverse Waves (2) Longitudinal Waves
Source of disturbance
s TRANSVERSE WAVES: vibrating at the right angle. Waves direction is
SINE WAVE at a single frequency
perpendicular to vibration direction like surface water waves, EM waves.
Single Frequency is also known as TONE
Composed of a crest and trough
Different Frequency= NOTE
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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Two Types of Waves Two Types of Waves: CHARACTERISTICS
(1) Transverse Waves (2) Longitudinal Waves
Source of disturbance
Source of disturbance
TRANSVERSE WAVE
LONGITUDINAL WAVES: vibrating back and forth. Waves direction parallel to
vibration direction. Composed of a compression and rarefaction (expansion) of
particles.
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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Two Types of Waves: CHARACTERISTICS Two Types of Waves: CHARACTERISTICS
crest wavelength
amplitude
direction of wave/
Source of disturbance
propagation
No disturbance
trough
TRANSVERSE WAVE frequency (Hz) TRANSVERSE WAVE Particles at REST (not in motion)
direction of wave/ direction of wave/ propagation
propagation
compression Expansion/
rarefaction
LONGITUDINAL WAVE LONGITUDINAL WAVE
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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Two Types of Waves: CHARACTERISTICS
Source of disturbance
Direction/
TRANSVERSE WAVE movements of particles because of vibration is back and forth HOW POWERFUL WAVES (OR A SOUND) CAN BE?
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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HOW POWERFUL WAVES (OR A SOUND) REALLY ARE??? HOW POWERFUL WAVES (OR A SOUND) REALLY ARE???
KEYWORDS: shattering glass // vibration // experiment KEYWORDS: wrong turn 4// sonic wave killing // high frequency // sound torture
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HOW POWERFUL WAVES (OR A SOUND) REALLY ARE??? HOW POWERFUL WAVES (OR A SOUND) REALLY ARE???
KEYWORDS: Chinese water droplet torture KEYWORDS: Tacoma bridge collapse 1940 // flutter // wave
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Two Types of Waves: CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY:
• CREST: high points of waves
• TROUGH: low points of waves
• AMPLITUDE: the maximum displacement of the vibrating particles
from their mean position. Aka VOLUME PROPERTIES OF SOUND
• WAVELENGHT: distance from one crest to next
• FREQUENCY: also known as PITCH, rate at which the source
produces sound waves and a complete cycles of high and low
pressure regions.
• TONE: is a sound wave of single frequency
• NOTE: is a sound produced due to a blend of several frequencies
KEYWORDS: sound // vibration // waves // media or medium // air pressure
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND
Frequency: the number of displacements or oscillations that a particle
undergoes in 1 second.
• hertz – unit of frequency; numerically equal to cycles per second
The SHORTER the FREQUENCY,
PROPERTIES OF SOUND the HIGHER the WAVELENGHT
frequency // speed // intensity // sound pressure // Low Frequency
loudness // threshold of audibility // threshold of
pain // pitch // tone // wavelength // sound
direction
The HIGHER the FREQUENCY, the
SHORTER the WAVELENGHT High Frequency
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND PROPERTIES OF SOUND
Frequency: the number of displacements or oscillations that a Speed of Sound: sound travels at 1130 ft. per second or 344 m. per
particle undergoes in 1 second. second at normal room temperature (68°F); Speed of sounds depends
• hertz – unit of frequency; numerically equal to cycles per second on the medium and its temperature
INFRASOUNDS ULTRASOUNDS sound travels faster in
(BATS/ DOLPHIN)
(ELEPANTS) denser media.
HUMAN AUDITORY FIELD
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND PROPERTIES OF SOUND
Speed of Sound: sound travels at 1130 ft. per second or 344 m. per Loudness: subjective attribute of an auditory sensation in terms of
second at normal room temperature (68°F); Speed of sounds depends which sounds may be ordered on a scale of soft to loud. The
on the medium and its temperature perceived sound pressure
fastest faster fast
sound travels faster in
denser media.
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND PROPERTIES OF SOUND
Intensity : rate at which sound energy is being transmitted, Sound Pressure: the fluctuation in the atmospheric pressure caused
measured at any point in the medium; intensity diminishes inversely by the vibration of air particles due to a sound wave.
as the square of the distance.
Decibel: the unit in
which sound
intensity is defined
for architectural
purposes
decibel-meter:
instrument by Sound Pressure also depends on the environment and the listener’s distance from the source
which sound
intensity is
measured
Sound Pressure is usually expressed in pascal (Pa) = 0.00002 Pa = 0 dB (SPL)
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND
Threshold of Audibility: minimum intensity that is capable of
evoking an auditory sensation in the ear.
Threshold of
Hearing/
Audibility
Threshold of Pain
Threshold of Pain: minimum sound pressure level which stimulates
the ear to a point which is painful
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