CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS

WEEK 1-2
LESSON 1
MODERN ERA AND CONTEMPORARY ERA
MODERN ERA
(Neo Realism, Abstraction Modern Styles)
 It began after World War 2 and the granting of Independence.
 Writers and artists posed the question of national identity as the main theme of various forms.
 Modern art painting was popularized by Victorio Edades, the father of modern Filipino painting.
 In this era, artists used various mediums, techniques and themes that were at that time, “new”
 Modern artists do not aim to copy and idealize reality; instead they change the colors flatten the picture
instead of creating illusions of depth, nearness and farness.
 They depict what might be thought as “ugly” and unpleasant instead of beautiful and pastoral
 Modern art is “Abstraction”, nonrepresentational or non-objective art as it emphasizes the
relationship of colors, line, space or the flatness of the canvas rather than an illusion of three
dimensionalities.

MODERN FAMOUS ARTISTS AND THEIR ARTWORKS:

NEO REALISTS ARTIST:
1. Manansala – The Beggars (1952), Tuba Drinkers (1954),
2. Legaspi – Gadgets II (1949), Bad Girls (1947)
3. HR Ocampo – The Contrast (1940), Genesis (1968)
4. Ramon Estella
5. Victor Oyteza
6. Romeo Tabuena

ABSTRACTIONIST ARTISTS:
1. Constancio Abenardo
2. Lee Aguinaldo
3. Jose Joya
4. Fernando Zobel
5. Arturo Luz – Street Musicians (1952)
6. Nina Saguil - Cargadores (1951)

MODERN ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES:

1. Church of Holy Sacrifice (1955)
2. Church of the Risen Lord
3. Chapel of Saint Joseph the worker

CONTEMPORARY ARTS
 It is an art of today produced by artists living today.
 Offshoot of social realism brought by Martial Law.
 Arts became expression of people’s aspiration for a just free and sovereign society
 Artists use mixed media; their artworks are site specific, process-based and they integrate various forms.
Contemporary art has the following characteristics;
a. Collaborative / participative
b. Interactive
c. Process - oriented (meaning that there is less emphasis on the finished product and a single author or
creator. There is a wide range of strategies, media and techniques)
d. Site specific (they cannot be experienced in the same way if we remove from their original place.
Contemporary art is distinguishable from Modern art in historical, stylistic, and cultural terms
Important Happenings during the rise of Contemporary Art
 Many cultural projects ensued amidst the backdrop of poverty and volatile social conditions under the
leadership of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos in 1965
 Martial Law was Declared on September 21, 1972
 New Society or Bagong Lipunan was built by Marcos in which the main focus is to rebirth the lost
civilization and aspiration to modernization and development in which the main vision is to combine the
fine arts, architecture, architecture, interior design, tourism, convention city building, engineering, urban
planning, health and among many others through an art and culture program.

THE 7 MAJOR CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Music – art form that appeals to the sense of hearing, composed by combining notes into harmony.
2. Literature – art form of language through the combined use of words, creating meaning and experience.
3. Theater – art form of performance. Dramatic text is portrayed on stage by actors and actresses and are
enhance by props, lights and sounds. Form of art in which artists use their voices and/or their bodies,
often in relation to other objects, to convey artistic expression.
4. Film – a technological translation of theater, special effects are utilized to enhance the story telling.
5. Dance – art of the human form, body used, mobilized and choreography in a specific time, form and
space.
6. Architecture, Designs and Allied Arts – structure that meant to be used as shelter, its art relies on the
design and purpose of the structure.
7. Visual Arts – artwork such as painting, photography or sculpture, that appeals primarily to the visual
sense and typically exists in permanent form.

CONTEMPORARY ART PRACTICES FROM VARIOUS REGIONS

DANCE
1. Tinikling – Philippine dance which involves two individual performers hitting bamboo poles, using
them to beat tap, and slide on the ground, in coordination with one or more dancers who steps over in
between poles.
2. Cariñosa – dance using the Maria Clara suite
3. Haladaya Festival – the northernmost town of Cebu, Daanbantayan, celebrates a festival in honor of the
warrior Datu Daya or Kandaya
4. Sinulog – dance ritual of miraculous image of Sto. Niño.

ARCHITECTURE, DESIGNS AND ALLIED ARTS

1. Lapu-lapu Shrine – a 20 meter bronze statue located in the Mactan Shrine in Punta Engaño, Mactan
Island, Cebu
2. Burnham Park

VISUAL ARTS
1. Spolarium of Juan Luna - One of the best-known paintings in the country, Juan Luna’s “Spoliarium”
brought historical triumph not just to Luna but also to the Philippines in 1884, when it bested Spanish
artists and won a first-class medal in the Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts. “Spoliarium” was the name
given to the Roman Colosseum basement where fallen gladiators were thrown in after combat, which is
depicted in the life-sized piece
2. Sculptures Nine Muses of Napoleon Abueva (1976) – it is called “Siyam na Diwata ng Sining” and is
permanently installed at the grounds of Bulwagang Rizal (Faculty Center) in UP Diliman.
3. The Sketch, Portrait of the Professor, and Poinsettia Girl

MUSIC
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
1. The flat gong commonly known as Gangsa and played by the groups in the Cordillera region of the
bossed gongs played among the Islam and animist groups in the Southern Philippines.
2. Solibao - hallow wooden Igorot drug topped with pig skin or lizard skin this is played by striking the
drum head using the palm of the hand.
3. Tongatong - a bamboo percussion instrument used by the people of Kalinga to communicate with spirits
during house blessings. It is made of bamboo cut in various lengths. When you hit it against soft earth a
certain drone reverberates though the instrument’s open mouth. When an entire set of Tongatong is
played in interloping rhythm and prolonged with the tribal chanting, it could put the audience and the
dancers in a trance.
4. Diwdiw-as - 5 or more different size of slender bamboo that is tied together
5. Saggeypoit - is a bamboo pipe that is closed on one end by a node with the open end held against the
lower lip of the player as he blows directly across the top. The pipe can be played individually by one
person or in ensembles of three or more.
6. Bungkaka - Bamboo buzzer
7. Kulintang - refers to a racked gong chime instrument played in the southern islands of the Philippines,
along with its varied accompanying ensembles.
8. Rondalla - performed on ensembles comprising mandolin instruments of various sizes called banduria
composed on the Iberian tradition.

SONGS PLAYED BY FILIPINOS

1. OPM (Original Pilipino Music) - originally referred only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballad.
2. Harana and Kundiman - In the 1920s Harana and Kundiman became more mainstream musical styles.

LITERATURES
1. Philippine Speculative Fiction - wrote and published by Dean Francis Alfar, an award-winning writer.
2. Very Short Stories for Harried Readers – published by Vince Groyon.
3. Ilustrado – wrote by Miguel Syjuco who bagged the Man Asian Literary Prize in 2008.
4. The Mango Bride – Marivi Soliven.
5. What Things Mean – wrote by Sophia Lee who won the 2014 Scholastic Asian Book Award in 2014.

THEATER
1. The Tanghalang Pilipino – established in 1987, Tanghalang Pilipino is the resident drama company of
Cultural Center of the (CCP). With its 15 seasons and 114 productions, it is the most attended among the
CCP’s resident companies.
2. PETA – founded in 1967 by Cecile Guidote-Alvarez, advocates the use of Filipino theater in inspiring
change and development in society. It is composed of dedicated “artists-teacher-cultural workers” who
strive for artistic excellence.

VARIOUS CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS

1. PRACTICAL (Utalitarian) ART. This art is intended for practical use or utility. It is the changing of
raw materials for utilitarian purposes. However, they must possess ornaments or artistic qualities to
make them useful and beautiful.
2. INDUSTRIAL ARTS. It is the changing of raw materials into some significant products for human are
shell craft, bamboo crafts, leather craft, pottery making, sheet – metal work and manufacture of
automobiles, home appliances and televisions set.
3. APPLIED / HOUSEHOLD ART. It refers mostly to household arts such as flower arrangement,
interior decoration, dress making, home – making, embroidery, cooking and others.
4. CIVIC ART. This art includes city or town planning, maintenance, and beautification of parks. This
refer to beautification to improve the standards of living.
5. COMMERCIAL ART. It involves business propaganda in the form of advertisements in newspapers
and magazines, sign painting, billboard and announcements, leaflets, displays, poster designing, movie
illustrations and many more.
6. GRAPHIC ART. It is anything printed from raised or sunken reliefs and plane surfaces.
7. AGRICULTURAL ART. (crop production), horticulture (garden or orchard cultivation), husbandry
(raising of cows, carabaos, poultry and swine) and farming.
8. BUSINESS ART. This includes merchandising, accounting, bookkeeping, typewriting, stenography,
salesmanship, and business administration.
9. FISHERY ART. It includes shallow and deep-sea fishing, fish refrigeration and culture, net weaving.
10. MEDICAL / CLINICAL ART. It includes first aid treatments, medical manufacturing, surgery,
medical operation, rehabilitations and other

WEEK 3
CONTEMPORARY FILIPINO ARTIST
NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES
1. FERNANDO AMORSOLO (1892 – 1972)
 Amorsolo is the first National Artist in the country and was known for using backlighting
technique in painting, making his creations bright and cheerful.
 Mango Pickers, oil canvas 1936

2. CARLOS “BOTONG FRANCISCO (1912 – 1969)

 Francisco revived the art of mural and was considered to be the most distinguished mural painter
for about three decades and was known for using historical events as subject matter for his murals.
 Andres Bonifacio in a part of the mural

3. GUILLERMO TOLENTINO (1890 – 1976)

 Honored as National Artist for Sculpture in 1973 and was known for designing the seal of the
Republic of the Philippines, and the gold and bronze medals for the Ramon Magsaysay Award.
Tolentino’s works include the “UP Oblation”
 The UP Oblation

4. NAPOLEON V. ABUEVA (1930 – Present)

 Abueva was considered to be the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture. He is skillful in
creating both representational and modern abstract sculptures using a wide variety of materials. He
was also known for creating “buoyant sculpture,” a type of sculpture to be viewed from the surface
of a pool.
 Siyam na Diwata ng Sining: ADFLMPPST

5. VICTORIO C. EDADES (1895 – 1985)

 Recognized as the Father of Modern Philippine Painting and was known for using dark somber
colors in his paintings. His works focused on factory workers, laborers or other simple
townspeople.
 The Ponsettia Girl

6. VICENTE MANANSALA (1910 – 1981)

 He was known for his paintings depicting realistic themes using an abstract or a cubist style. He
believed that “the beauty of art is in the process, in the moment of doing a particular painting,
closely associating it with the act of making love.
 The Beggars, 1975

7. HERNANDO R. OCAMPO (1911 – 1978)

 Ocampo was largely known for his abstract paintings. His works featured shapes bounded with
curved lines painted in intense colors. His masterpiece “Genesis” was used as the basis of the design
of the curtain of the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Main Theater.
 Genesis “Ang Simula” 1966
8. CESAR LEGASPI (1917 – 1994)
 Legaspi was known for utilizing and refining cubism, a style involving breaking parts into geometric
shapes, in his paintings.
 Descent 1980

9. ELIZALDE NAVARRO (1924 – 1999)

 He was known for his hardwood masks reflecting the human and the animal, abstract paintings in oil
and watercolor, and assemblages. He was also known for his fiction works for This Week of the
Manila Chronicle, and for his figurative drawings for Lydia Arguilla’s Juan Tamad.
 The Passage of Spring, 1972

10. ANG KIUKOK (1931 – 2005)

 He was known for his paintings expressing nationalism and sociological agenda during the 60’s
through vivid cubistic figures. His works include “Geometric landscape,” “Pieta,” and the “Seated
Figure.”
 Pieta, 1981

11. BENEDICTO CABRERA (1942 – PRESENT)

 Known as “Bencab,” Cabrera was noted as the bestselling painter of his generation of Filipino artists
and also known for his sketches of a scavenger named Sabel, a symbol of dislocation, despair and
isolation-the personification of human dignity threatened by life’s circumstance.”
 Sabel, 1966 “Secret Untold”

12. ABDULMARI ASIA IMAO (1936 – 2014)

 Imao was instrumental in popularizing the ukil, sarimanok and naga motifs in the country as original
Filipino creations. He helped in developing trust and confidence among cultural groups, which is
needed in building a more humane community and society.

13. FEDERICO AGUILAR ALCUAZ (1932 – 2011)

 Alcuaz was mainly known for his oil and acrylic paintings, and sketches in ink, pencil, and
watercolor.

14. FRANCISCO COCHING (1919 – 1998)

 Tagged as the “Dean of Filipino Illustrators,” Coching is best known for his work on comics and
illustrations which lead to its recognition as popular art. He has influenced cartoonists such as Larry
Alcala, Ben Infante and Nestor Redondo.

15. JOSE T. JOYA (1931 – 1995)

 Joya is known for pioneering abstract expressionism in the Philippines. His most notable work is the
Granadean Arabesque (1958). He also represented the Philippines in the 1964 Venice Biennale.

NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR ARCHITECTURE

1. PABLO S. ANTONIO (1902 – 1975)
 He was considered a pioneer in modern Philippine architecture. A prominent feature of his designs is
the use of natural light and cross ventilation. According to Antonio, buildings should be planned
with austerity in mind and its stability forever as the aim of true architecture; that buildings must be
progressive, simple in design but dignified, true to a purpose without resorting to an applied set of
aesthetics and should eternally recreate truth.

2. LEANDRO V. LOCSIN (1892 – 1972)

 His designs usually features themes of floating volume and a mix of both eastern and western
aesthetics.
 Saint Andrew Apostle Church in Makati

3. IDELFONSO P. SANTOS (1929 – 2014)

 Santos pioneered landscape architecture in the Philippines. His work in the Makati Commercial
Center incorporated fountains, sculptures and landscapes to a shopping area.

NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE

1. CARLOS QUIRINO (1910 – 1999)
 He is the first and so far the only National Artist for Historical Literature and was also known for
writing “The. Great Malayan,” which considered to be one of the earliest biographies of Jose Rizal.
2. FRANCISCO ARCELLANA (1916 – 2002)
 Arcellana is a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist and teacher, who is recognized as one of the
pioneers in writing modern Filipino short stories in English. He also originated the lyrical prose-
poetic form in writing short stories.
3. N.V.M GONZALEZ (1915 – 1999)
 Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales is a fictionist, essayist, poet and teacher. He earned numerous
recognitions including the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940, the Republic Cultural
Heritage Award in 1960 and the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in 1990.
4. NICK JOAQUIN (1917 – 2004)
 He is considered as the most distinguished Filipino writer in English writing. His body of work
extends from short stories to poems to essays which includes journalism and reportage. He used the
name Guerre Quijano de Manila as journalist.
5. F. SIONIL (1924 - PRESENT)
 F.Sionil Jose is one of the most widely read Filipino writers founded the Philippine chapter of the
international organization PEN.
6. ALEJANDRO ROCES (1924 – 2011)
 Roces is known for his comic short stories which includes “My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken.” He also
led the campaign to change the country’s Independence Day from July 4 to June 12.
7. EDITH TIEMPO (1919 – 2011)
 Tiempo is a poet, fictionist, teacher and literary critic who founded the Siliman National Writers
Workshop in Dumaguete City with her late husband Edilberto K. Tiempo.
8. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO (1944 – PRESENT)
 Also known as Rio Alma, who is among the notable modernist poets. He reinvented the traditional
Filipino poetry forms.
9. AMADO V. HERNANDEZ (1903 – 1970)
 Hernandez is known for his contribution in the development of the Tagalog prose through the use of
colloquial style.
10. CARLOS P. ROMULO (1899 – 1985)
 Romulo is noted as a diplomat and an awarded journalist. He is the first Asian President of the
United Nations General Assembly, and the only Asian to win the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for his
articles on the World War II.

NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR CINEMA/FILM

1. LAMBERTO V. AVELLANA (1892 – 1972)
 Avellana was tagged as the “The Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies” as early as 1939. Kalderong
Pilak was the first film by a Filipino filmmaker shown in Cannes International Film Festival.
2. MANUEL CONDE (1915 – 1991)
 Conde is known for producing and directing films based on old Filipino tales such as Siete Infantes
de Lara .(1950), Si Juan Tamad (1974), Ang Ibong Adarna (1941). He also brought to the silver
screen stories from the other parts of the worlds like Genghis Khan (1950).
3. EDDIE S. ROMERO (1924 – 2013)
 He is a screenwriter, film director and producer who is behind the Filipino classics such as “Ganito
Kami Noon...Paano Kayo Ngayon?”, “Banta ng Kahapon” and “Aguila” as well as the 13-part series
“Noli Me Tangere”.
4. LINO BROCKA (1939 – 1991)
 Catalino “Lino” Ortiz Brocka is recognized for his films which explores the lives of people in the
marginalized sectors. Brocka also directed for theater organizations such as the Philippine
Educational Theater Association (PETA) and the Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP).
5. GERARDO DE LEON (1913 – 1981)
 De Leon is a prominent film maker in the 50’s and 60’s producing classics such as “Daigdig ng Mga
Api,” “Noli Me.Tangere,” “El Filibusterismo,” “dyesebel” and “Sisa.”

6. ISHMAEL BERNAL (1939 – 1996)

 Bernal, who was hailed by the critics as “The Genius of the Philippine Cinema,” is known for
directing films that projects the realities of the Filipinos. He was hailed as Director of the Decade of
the 1970s by the Catholic Mass Media Awards; four-time Best Director by the Urian Awards (1989,
1985, 1983 and 1977); and given the ASEAN Cultural Award in Communication Arts in 1993.
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR DANCE
1. FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO (1899 – 1983)
 She was known for her research on Philippine folk dances, which later resulted to a thesis entitled
“Philippine Folk Dances and Games.” It was distributed to public and private schools.
2. LEONOR OROSA GOQUINGCO (1917 – 2005)
 She was known as the “Mother of Philippine Theater Dance,” Goquingco blended folkloric and
Asian styles in ballet choreography. She was a founding member of the Philippine Ballet Theater and
the Honorary Chair of the Association of Ballet Academies of the Philippines.
3. ALICE REYES (1942 – PRESENT)
 Reyes is known in blending styles and movements from Philippine indigenous dance, classical
ballet, and modern dance in expressing Filipino subject matters. This is said to be the “contemporary
dance language that is uniquely Filipino.”

NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR MUSIC

1. ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA (1892 – 1972)
 He was known for his marches including the “Triumphal March,” “History Fantasy,” “Echoes from
the Philippines,” and “Ode to Freedom.” He was a conductor of the Philippine Army Band. He
wrote compositions for solo instruments, symphonic and orchestral works, which are based on
Philippine folksongs.
2. ERNANI CUENCO (1936 – 1988)
 He was known for the following songs: “Bato sa Buhangin,” “Gaano Kita Kamahal,” “Inang
Bayan,” “Isang Dalangin,” “Kalesa,” and “Pilipinas.” These works brought contemporary Filipino
music to a higher level. The song, “Gaano Kita Kamahal”, he added elements of Kundiman. He
played with the Filipino Youth Symphony Orchestra and the Manila Symphony Orchestra
from 1960 to 1968.
3. LUCIO SAN PEDRO (1892 – 1972)
 Best known for his compositions “Sa Ugoy ng Duyan,” “Sa Mahal Kong Bayan,” “Dance of the
Fairies,” “Triumphal March,” and “Lahing Kayumanggi,” Lucio San Pedro was the conductor of the
Peng Kong Grand Mason Concert Band, the San Pedro Band of Angono, and the Benda Angono
Numero Uno. Working with these bands and other town bands helped in the development of a civic
culture among Filipino communities.
4. FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON (1912 – 1992)
 He was known for Filipinizing western music forms. His works, which include “Mariang Maikling
Overture,”. “Maynila Overture,” “Payapang Daigdig,” and “Ako’y.Pilipino,” expressed sentiments
and aspirations of the.Filipino in times of strife and peace.
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR THEATER
1. DAISY AVELLANA (1917 – 2013)
 She co-founded the Barangay Theatre Guild, together with her husband, National Artist Lamberto
Avellana, in 1939. This move made theatre and dramatic arts popular in the country. She was known
as director of films “Diego Silang” (1968) and “Walang Sugat” (1971).
2. HONORATA “ATANG” DELA RAMA (1892 – 1972)
 She was named National Artist for Theater and Music in 1987. She was known as the Queen of
Kundiman, and the first actress to portray a 15-year-old in the very first Tagalog film, which was the
film version of the Sarsuela “Dalagang Bukid.”
3. SALVADOR BERNAL (1945 – 2011)
 Honored as National Artist for Theater Design in 2003, Bernal used local materials including
bamboo, abaca, hemp twine, and rattan in theater design for local productions.
LESSON 4: Contemporary Arts Form Based on the Elements and Principles
Appropriation

 Existing artworks are appropriated to produce another artwork.

 Usage of prints, images, and icons to produce another art form.

 Combines past from the present.

 Revives interests to existing forms of art.

 Appropriation refers to the act of borrowing or reusing existing elements within a new work.

Performance

 Performance evolved to “emphasize spontaneous elements of chance”. (Walker Art Center)

 Performance art can happen anywhere, in any type of venue or setting and for any length of time.

 Interpreting various human activities such as ordinary activities such as chores, routines and rituals, to
socially relevant themes such as poverty, commercialism and war.
Space

 Arts transforming space. For example, flash mobs, art installations in malls and parks.
 Site specific art forms – art form that is performed and positioned in a specific space such as public
places.
Hybridity

 Usage of unconventional materials, mixing of unlikely materials to produce an artwork.

 For example, coffee for painting; miniature sculptures using crayons.

Technology

 Usage of technology in the creation and dissemination of art works.

 Video phenomenon from MTV to Youtube.

 Recording performances, video posting, sharing, live streaming.

Significance of Contemporary Arts in the Filipino Lives

 Contemporary art is a form of expression that allows for the ideologies, beliefs, and perceptions of the
modern day and people to gain a pictorial presentation.

 This art uses the expanse of freedom to inspire people to look at a till of life in a renewed way.

 Contemporary art is important in Filipino lives. It is so important because every contemporary art
reflects someone's feelings, ideas or perspectives.

 Through contemporary art, Filipinos can express themselves in a way that will be safely observable for
others.

 It is a means of personal expression.

 Every art has their own stories to tell. Contemporary art is significant also because it reflects our society
and culture.

 It mirrors the many changes that we've had over the course of our lifetimes.

1. Aesthetic Value
 One of the benefits of contemporary arts is its aesthetic value.
 When an art is said to have an aesthetic value, it means that the art possesses some capacity to
elicit a sense of pleasure in the viewer.
 Although, what is considered pleasing to the eye may be subjective because it varies depending
on the viewer, given the wide variety of mediums and methods for this style of art there is likely
to be some form that will appeal to each person.
 Given its aesthetic value, contemporary artwork can also be used to decorate many different
venues. Even outdoor sculpture parks can contain art and make it easily accessible for anyone to
view, while it livens up the city landscape.
 Not everyone can afford an art print or sculpture, but with reproductions in print, nearly anyone
can obtain some piece of artwork to personalize their home.
2. Relaxation and Inspiration
 Research has shown that viewing art can be relaxing.
 Studies have shown that art can help to detach people out of their mind and calm their racing and
wandering thoughts, tumultuous ideas and maelstrom of emotions.
 This is helpful because it teaches people to do this also at other times, which can reduce
symptoms of anxiety and depression.
 Additionally, contemporary art can be inspiring for people.
 This style of art aims to depict and comment on the world.
 Such depictions and commentary can inspire people to action and push viewers to become better
versions of themselves.
3. Personal Expression
 Contemporary art is that it allows individuals a means of personal expression.
 Through painting, sculpture, and performance art, anyone can express themselves in a way that
will be safely observable for others.
Likewise, the perspectives that are expressed are valuable for society because it gives a unique
window into the minds and thoughts of the artist.
4. Cultural Commentary
 Contemporary Art allows the artist to make commentary on the culture around them. This can
include depicting literally or figuratively their views on everything ranging from politics to pop
culture.
 With imagery, shapes, and other varied media the artist can create a dialogue or narrative of their
views. When the viewer engages with the piece, they engage with the artist’s dialogue.
 Art also serves as a visual historical record of life. This is a record that contains not only the facts
such as dates and names, but the feelings that were held by people at the time.
 There is a reason that art is so often carefully preserved, it gives a unique lens to the past that
cannot just be read about in history books.

5. Thought Provoking
 Art allows people the chance to be exposed to stimuli that can provoke thoughts and even
emotions.
 For many, it can lead to new information, education, and growth.
 At times, art can be powerfully thought-provoking because it does communicate through visuals
and not words.
 Contemporary artwork can trigger not only the thoughts but also the accompanying emotions so
that the viewer is able to fully engage with the piece.
 This promotes an internal dialogue that can be shocking, sensational, and even transformative to
the person’s mindset.
Promoting Arts from the Regions

AGENCY BACKGROUND FUNCTION

National Commission for The NCCA of the Philippines It is the overall policy making body,
Culture and the Arts is the official government coordinating, and grants giving agency
(NCCA) agency for culture in the for the preservation, development, and
Philippines. promotion of Philippines arts and culture;
an executing agency for the policies it
formulates.

National Museum of the It is an umbrella government The regulatory and enforcement agency
Philippines organization that overseers a of the Government of the Philippines in
number of national museums in restoring and safeguarding of important
the Philippines. cultural properties, sites, and reservations
throughout the Philippines.
National Historical The NCHP or Pambansang Its mission is the promotion of Philippine
Commission of the Komisyong Pangkasaysayan history and cultural heritage through
Philippines (NCHP) ng Pilipinas, is a government research, dissemination, conservation,
agency which aims to promote sites management, and heraldry works. It
the Philippine history and aims to inculcate awareness and
culture by research, appreciation of the noble deeds and
dissemination, conservation, ideals of our heroes and other illustrious
sites management, and heraldry Filipinos and to instill pride in the
works. Filipino race.
National Archives of the The NAP is an agency of the It is the primary records management
Philippines (NAP) Philippines mandated to agency, tasked to formulate and
collect, store, preserve, and implement the records schedule and vital
make available archival records protection programs for the
records of the government and government.
other primary sources
pertaining to the history and
development of the country
National Library of the The NLP is the official The NLP is the repository of the printed
Philippines (NLP) national library of the and recorded cultural heritage of the
Philippines. country and other intellectual, literary,
and information sources. The library is
notable for being the home of the original
copies of the refining words of Jose
Rizal: Noli Me Tangere, El
Filibusterismo, and Mi ultimo adios.
Cultural Center of the The CCP or Sentrong The CCP provides performance and
Philippines (CCP) Pangkultura ng Pilipinas is a exhibition venues for various local and
government owned and international events. Its artistic programs
controlled corporations include the production of performances,
established to preserve, festivals, exhibitions, cultural research,
develop, and promote arts and outreach, preservation, and publication of
culture in the Philippines. materials of Philippine art and culture.
Commission of the Filipino The CFL or Komisyon sa Its purpose was to prepare for the
Language (CFL) Wikang Filipino is the official nationwide teaching of the Tagalog-
regulating body of the Filipino based national language by creating a
language and he official dictionary and a grammar book with a
government institution tasked standardized orthography. In the school
with developing, preserving, year of 1940-41, the teaching of the
and promoting the various national language with its new
local Philippine languages. standardized orthography, was set by law
in the fourth year of all high school in
both public and private schools
throughout the country.
Art Association of the A union of Filipino visual To advance, foster, and promote the
Philippines artists composed of the most interests of those who work in Fine Arts,
significant practitioners of this including painters, sculptors, and graphic
field, whose significance is artists, to protect and secure the rights of
again defined within the art such artists in their professional
world parameters of fine art. activities, to procure appropriate
legislation upon which policies as shall
secure united action of all members of
the said professional for the common
good.
Philippine Art Gallery The PAG was the first Active from 1951-1969, it contributed to
(PAG) commercial gallery in the the development of modern art in the
country. Philippines during the postwar period.
Artists associated with PAG included the
“Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art”,
namely Victorio Edades, Galo Ocampo,
and Carlos “Botong” Francisco, as well
as the Neo-Realist group composed of
H.R Ocampo, Vicente Manansala, Cesar
Legaspi, Romeo Tabuena, Victor Oteyza,
Ramon Estella.

LESSON 4: Techniques and Performance Practices

Medium is defined as the material, or the substance out of which a work is made. Through these
materials, the artists express and communicate feelings and ideas.
The medium also defines the nature of the art form as follows:
1. Sculpture – uses hard wood, adobe, metal, stainless steel, cement, marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral
and brass. It is the branch of the visual art that operates in three-dimension because it occupies space and
has a volume. One form of sculpture is pottery and the notable examples are Guillermo Tolentino’s
Oblation, Bulul woodcarvings from the Cordilleras and carvings of saints in Christian churches by
Santos.

 Nine Muses by Napoleon Abueva – He used almost all kinds of materials for his sculptures
such as hard wood, adobe, metal, stainless steel, cement, marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral
and brass.
2. Architecture – uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete, and various building materials. It is the art
or practice of designing and constructing buildings.

 Far Eastern University by Pablo S. Antonio Sr.

3. Paintings – uses pigments like watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink on a usually flat
ground such as wood, canvas, paper and stonewall used in cave paintings.

 Harvesting painting of Fernando Amorsolo

4. Printmaking – uses ink normally on paper but can also be used on woods, metal plates, or silkscreens.
Prints is classified as two-dimensional because they include the surface or ground on which coloring
substances are applied. However, while paintings are unique, prints can be reproduced in several pre-
determined editions.

 Manuel Rodriguez Sr – Father of Philippine Printmaking

5. Music – uses sounds and instruments (including the human voice), while the dancer uses the body.
6. Dance uses the body and its movements. Dance is often accompanied by music, but there are dances
that do not rely on musical accompaniment to be realized. Dance can tell stories, but at other times, they
convey abstract ideas that do not rely on a narrative.
7. Theater – artist integrates all the arts and uses the stage, production design, performance elements, and
script to enable the visual, musical, dance, and other aspects to come together as a whole work.
8. Photography and filmmaking – use the camera to record the outside world. The filmmaker uses the
cinematographic camera to record and put together production design, sound engineering, performance,
and screenplay. In digital photography and film, the images can be assimilated into the computer, thus
eliminating the need for celluloid or negatives, processing chemicals, or print.
9. Writing – a novel, poetry, nonfiction, and fiction that uses words.
*On the basis of medium, the arts can be classified as practical, environmental, pictorial, narrative,
dramatic, and musical*
1. The musical arts include music, poetry (those that have perceptible rhythm and can be sung or
danced to), and dance that is accompanied by music.
2. The practical arts have immediate use for everyday and business life such as design, architecture,
and furniture.
3. Environmental arts occupy space and change in its meaning and function depends on their
categories including architecture, sculpture, and site-specific works such as installations and public
art.
4. Pictorial works include painting, drawing, graphics and stage and production design (lighting, dress,
props, and set).
5. Works that are staged and performed are considered Dramatic and they include drama, performance
art, or music and dance.
6. If they are based on stories, the art forms are classified as narrative and they include drama, novel,
fiction, nonfiction, music, and dance.
Technique

 the manner in which artists use and manipulate materials to achieve the desired formal effect, and
communicate the desired concept, or meaning, according to his or her personal style (modern,
Neoclassic, etc.). The distinctive character or nature of the medium determines the technique. For
example, stone is chiseled, wood is carved, clay is modeled and shaped, metal is cast, and thread is
woven. See for example on the next slide.
 Stone is chiseled
 Wood is carved
 Clay is modeled and shaped
 Metal is casted
 Thread is woven

 Technique involves tools and technology, ranging from the most traditional (for example carving,
silkscreen, analog photography, and filmmaking) to the most contemporary (digital photography, digital
filmmaking, music production, Industrial design, and robotics).

TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE
1. Wood Carving – an art that has been practiced all over the world but very avidly in Southeast Asia
where great pieces of woodwork have been crafted throughout the ages. Siem Reap was a center of arts
for many years during the Angkor Empire, with sculptures of Apsara, Angkor tales and other stories
regularly adorning the royal compounds. Today, these very same sculptures are made by craftsmen and
placed in hotels all over Siem Reap.
2. Silk-screen printing – one of the most popular printing techniques, and is most-used by companies
when printing design onto products of different sizes and materials. It has been used for more than 100
years in the commercial and artistic sector and is mainly used for printing images and designs on T-
shirts, Tote bags, paper, wood, ceramics and other materials.
3. Analogue Photography – refers to photography using an analogue camera and film. A roll of film
loaded into the camera and the magic begins once you start clicking: light interacts with the chemicals in
the film and an image is recorded. The pictures collected in your film roll come to life when the film is
processed in a photo lab.
4. Filmmaking. Film production is the process of making a film. The direction or production of films for
the cinema or television is a visual storytelling. Filmmaking involves a number of discrete stages
including an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording
and reproduction, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film
release and exhibition.

 Filmmaking takes place in many places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political
contexts, and using a variety of technologies and cinematic techniques. Typically, it involves a large
number of people and can take from a few months to several years to complete.

 Filmmaker is the one who takes the onus of a feature film from beginning to end, and most commonly
fulfills the dual role of producer and director (or more).

CONTEMPORARY TECHNIQUE
1. Digital photography – uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to capture images
focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film. The captured images are digitized
and stored as a computer.
2. Digital film making – Is the norm these days, enabling filmmakers to blend art and digital media and
speed up the process of filmmaking as well as be more creative and enterprising in the special effects
department.

 In short, more flexible digital cameras—such as the Panasonic HVX 200 and the RED One and Scarlet
cameras—and editing software such as Final Cut Pro Studio, have made the cinematographer's and
editor's jobs easier and made it possible for filmmakers to produce quality films at much less expensive
cost.
3. Music Production - It is the process of creating a recorded music project. A record producer usually
handles music production, managing every aspect. That can include being a critical part of the creative
process, such as deciding what instruments are used and contributing to song arrangements. Since music
production plays a vital role in the quality of the final product, it can make or break the success of an
album. Record producers give recommendations on which songs are best to record; manage financial
aspects of recording; hire outside performers, if needed; and work with sound engineers in the recording
process.
4. Industrial design – it is a combination of art and engineering; drawing skills, creativity and technical
knowledge are critical. Industrial designers usually choose to work on products in a specific industry,
such as the medical, automobile, or technology industry.
5. Robotics - It is an interdisciplinary research area at the interface of computer science and engineering.
Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design
intelligent machines that can help and assist humans in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe.
Artistic Skills and Techniques to Contemporary Art Creations
1. Collage – is the technique of an art production used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from
on assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. Collage may sometimes include magazines
and newspaper clippings, ribbons, paints, bits of colored or handmade papers, portions of other artwork
or texts, photographs, and other found objects, glued to a piece.
2. Decollage – is the opposite of collage; instead of an image is being built up all or parts of existing
images, it is created by cutting, treating away, or otherwise removing pieces of an original image. The
French word “Decollage” in English means “Take-Off” or “To become Unglued” or “To become
unstuck”. Examples of decollage include cut-up technique. Similar technique is the lacerated poster, a
poster in which one has been placed over another or others, and the top poster or posters have been
ripped, revealing to a greater or lesser degree the poster or poster underneath.
3. Graffiti – are writing or drawings that have been scribed, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or
other surface, often in a public space. Graffiti range from simple written words to elaborate wall
paintings. Graffiti may express underlying social and political messages, and a whole genre of artistic
expression is based spray paint graffiti styles. An example of this is the Singapore art Bridge just beside
the Oxford Hotel where the writer stayed in their visit to Singapore. It is said to be painted by a Batanes-
born artist.
4. Land art - Earthwork or earth art is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are
inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil,
rock (bedrock, bolders, stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves), and water which introduced
materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, or mineral pigments. Sculpture is not placed in the landscape
rather; the landscape is the means of their creation.
5. Digital art – is placed under the larger umbrella term new media art. After some resistance, the impact
of digital technology has transformed activities such as paintings, drawing, sculpture, and music/sound
art, while new forms such as net art. Digital installation art and virtual reality have become recognized
artistic practices. More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of
digital technologies in the production of art.

 Digital Art is a term applied to contemporary art that uses the method of mass production or digital
media. The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisement and
by film-makers to produce visual effects. Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of
electronic information and programs to create their work.
6. Mixed Media – it refers to the artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been
employed. It refers to a work of visual art that combines various traditionally distinct visual art media. It
refers to a work of visual art that combines various traditionally distinct visual art media. For example,
work on canvas that combines paint, ink, and collage. When creating a painted or photograph work
using mixed media, it is important to choose the layers carefully and allow enough dying time between
the layers to ensure the final work will have structural integrity, if many different layers are imposed.
Many effects can be achieved by using mixed media. Found objects can be used in conjunction with the
traditional artist to attain a wide range of self-expression.
7. Print Making- is the process of making artworks by painting, normally in the paper. Prints are created
by transforming ink from a matrix or through a prepared screen to a sheet of paper or other material.
Common types of matrices include metal plates, usually copper or zinc, or polymer plates for engraving
o etching; stone aluminum or polymer for lithography; blocks of wood crafts and wooden graving; and
linoleum for linocuts. Screens made of silk or synthetic fabrics are used for the screen-printing process