History - Assignment

Aprilyn D.

C Aquino February 2023

BASS 2-2
HISTO 2105
Assignment

What is History?
 A branch of knowledge regarding past events, culture, tradition, origins, and

people is called ‘History’. It gives a sense of identity to human consciousness
that is beneficial to our basic understanding in every aspect of society we are in.
 It is something that has been done recently, years ago, or even at the time that
we don’t know anything. Through sources including written narratives, artifacts,
and evidence, history can be studied. It is an ongoing process that must be
examined, explored, and investigated in order to gather reliable information
before being shared with others.
What is Historiography?
 Historiography's primary definition is the study of historical writings—basically,

history as analysis of narratives. The first type of historiography is Methodology
or Methodological form of an interpretation of a certain subject or observed
historical occurrences. It is a text or work that examines the history of humanity
and was produced at a particular period and place using a generally consistent
methodological and/or ethical-political approach.
 The second type of historiography is Chronological or Chronologically arrange

which means “in order”. It is also the study of how historians have constructed
their interpretations of the past through their written works that is present or put
out from beginning to end with the right dates and time. Historiography is thus
primarily concerned with how historians have selected, recorded, and portrayed
particular historical events and processes in their writing.
Historicity of Text
 On a basic definition, Historicity is the actual historical meaning of something, the

attribute of being a part of history as opposed to being a historical myth, legend, or
fiction. The term historicity of text meant to be valid and original term, phrases, or
text itself. The historicity of text has three main forms of text, and these are the first;
intertextuality means when we compare one text to another, its literal meaning
changes. It is one approach to comprehend how writing depends on other things, for
instance, how one text affects how we understand or struggle to perceive another.
Secondly, the sub-textuality that means the underlying or implied meaning of one
original text that has to be changed. This has been utilized historically to imply
controversial subjects, themes, or phrases without catching censors' attention or
contempt. The last one is composite text, which as something to do with the other
two text that was mentioned above, this simply means combined text.
Philosophy of History
 The historical evolution of social and political notions is the main emphasis of this
historical philosophy. The study of history as well as the past itself is subject to
philosophical inquiry and concepts, which is known as history in philosophy. The
study of philosophy of history focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of the
study, application, and social implications of history and historiography. In two
ways, it is comparable to other fields of study like philosophy of science or
philosophy of religion.
Philosophy of History According to:
 Giambattista Vico - “History begins in a barbarism of sense and ends in a

barbarism of reflection. The barbarism of reflection is a returned barbarism in
which the common sense established by religion through poetic wisdom holding
a society together has been broken down by individual interests.”
Giambattista Vico historical philosophy aims to pinpoint a primary sequence of

human civilization's developmental stages. Human nature has not changed
throughout history, all civilizations experience the same stages. As Vico’s claim
about historical philosophy seeks to provide a fundamental timeline of the stages
in which human civilization has progressed. All civilizations go through the same
stages because human nature has not altered throughout time.
 Arnold Joseph Toynbee – “History is the rise and fall of civilizations, rather
than the history of nation-states or of ethnic groups.”
In his philosophy of history, Arnold Joseph Tyonbee distinguished civilizations

based on cultural rather than national standards. According to Toynbee,
civilizations develop out of simpler societies as a reaction to challenges like
tough terrain, undiscovered territory, blows and pressures from other civilizations,
and punishment, rather than as a result of ethnic or environmental factors. He
claims that rather than being influenced by ethnic or environmental variables,
"self-determining" civilizations emerge from more primitive cultures.
 Karl Marx – “History as process of people progressively overcoming
impediments to self-understanding and freedom. These impediments can be
mental, material and institutional. Philosophy could offer ways we might realize
our human potential in the world. We’re not just about ‘interpreting the world’, but
‘changing it’ ‘’.
Karl Marx’s viewed Philosophy of History in a way that impacted philosophers

from various traditions and countries to get a deeper understanding of the social
and political world's complexity and to think more specifically about the possibility
of change. Marx asserted that inequality is not a natural phenomenon but rather
a social construct based on his historical method. He aimed to demonstrate that,
although having extremely complicated historical events, economic systems like
feudalism or capitalism were ultimately our own inventions.
 Karl Popper – “There is no history of mankind; there is only an indefinite number

of histories. And one of these is the history of political power. This is elevated
into the history of the world. But this I hold is an offence against every decent
conception of mankind. For the history of power politics is nothing but the history
of international crime and mass murder.”
Popper believes that it is reasonable and important for history and to provide a
scientific account of man, society, and the past. Not because historicism applies
scientific methodologies to these topics incorrectly or fails to do so, but rather
because it does not. It can only be replaced by a good program that is more
effective than historicism.
References
Bertland, A. (n.d.). Giambattista Vico. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2161-2003.
Pollard, C. (2022). Karl Marx: his philosophy explained. The Converstation.
Sánchez-Marcos, D. F. (2020). What is Historiography? Culturahistorica.org.
Wrenn, C. B. (n.d.). Naturalistic Epistemology. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
ISSN, 2161-0002.

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Aprilyn D.

C Aquino February 2023

 A branch of knowledge regarding past events, culture, tradition, origins, and

 Historiography's primary definition is the study of historical writings—basically,

 The second type of historiography is Chronological or Chronologically arrange

 On a basic definition, Historicity is the actual historical meaning of something, the

Philosophy of History According to:

 Giambattista Vico - “History begins in a barbarism of sense and ends in a

Giambattista Vico historical philosophy aims to pinpoint a primary sequence of

In his philosophy of history, Arnold Joseph Tyonbee distinguished civilizations

Karl Marx’s viewed Philosophy of History in a way that impacted philosophers

 Karl Popper – “There is no history of mankind; there is only an indefinite number

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