Quarter 4 – Weeks 1 and 2

Measures of Position

LEARNING ACTIVITY
SHEETS (L.A.S)
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Name: __________________________ Grade Level: 10 Temperantia Score: ______/30
Subject: Mathematics 10 Teacher: Veronica P. Zafra Date: ___________
Type of Activity: Concept Notes Laboratory Individual Quiz
Exercise/Drill Art/Drawing Pair/Group Others
Lesson/Topic: Measures of Position Activity No: 4.1-2
Learning Target/s: Illustrates the following measures of position: quartiles, deciles and
percentiles.
Reference: Math – Grade 10, Banaag, Geraldo DG et al., Global Mathematics 10, The Library
(2013).

A pleasant day Grade 10 Temperantia!

Congratulations for coming this far and
you are now in Quarter 4. How are you
doing today? Be proud of yourself!
Let’s continue to explore new things in our math
class. The first lesson for this quarter is all about
measures of position.

Do you know the most popular Chinese zodiac legend?

According to this legend, the Jade Emperor made an order to designate animals
as the calendar signs. The twelve animals that arrive first in the banquet shall be
selected. On that day, the rat got up early and rushed to the banquet. On his way, he
met the ox and asked the ox to carry him on his back. As the two were approaching the
site, the rat slid in front of the ox, and became the first lucky animal of the Chinese
zodiac.
Following rat and ox are tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey,
rooster, dog, and pig.

Questions based on the story:

1) Which of the following belongs to the first 50% that arrived earlier than the rest of
the group?
A. tiger B. rabbit C. dragon D. all of the above
2) Which of the following belongs to the second 50% that arrived later than the rest of
the group?
A. horse B. snake C. dragon D. none of the above
3) Which of the following represents the median?
A. dragon B. snake C. horse D. none

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4) Which of the following belongs to the first 25% that arrived earlier than the rest of
the group?
A. tiger B. rabbit C. dragon D. snake
5) How many percent of the animals arrived later than the tiger?
A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%

is a measure by which the position of a data is

Measure of position determined through its value.
From the previous activity, we observed that each animal has a position. Take for example
the tiger.
• The tiger belongs to the first 50% or top 50% of the group that arrived earlier than
the rest of the animals.

• The tiger belongs to the first 25% or top 25% of the group that arrived earlier than
the rest of the animals.

• The tiger arrived earlier than 75% of the animals.

Interestingly, based on this example, we can say that there are several measures that
can be used to describe the position of the tiger.

In applying the concept of median, you arrange all the

observations/scores/data in either ascending or descending order. This ordered set is
then divided into two equal parts. The median then is the middle number that divides
the data into two equal parts. Fifty percent of the data is below the median (lower half).

In the story, the median is the snake because 50% of the animals arrived later
than the snake.

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The animals that belong to the first fifty percent of the group that arrived earlier
are rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, and snake. The animals that belong to the fifty percent
of the group that arrived later are the horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig.

Let us have a recap on the concept of median. Let us first consider a data set with
odd number of values.
Example:
A. In their Physical Education class, seven students practiced shooting the basketball ball
from the free throw line for twenty times. Below is the list of the successful shots done
by the seven students.
9, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11
Find the median of the data set.
Solution:
First, let us arrange the values in ascending order:
3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11
Then, find the middle number. Since there are 7 values, the middle is the 4th value
counting from either left of right.
3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11
Therefore, the median is 8. This means that about 50% of the group has a lower number
of successful shots than 8 and about 50% of the group has a higher number of successful
shots than 8.

Let us proceed in finding the median of a data set with even number of values.
Example:
A. In their Physical Education class, eight students participated in throwing the shot put.
Below is the list of how far the shot put reached per student.
17, 7, 5, 9, 11, 3, 13, 15
Find the median of the data set.
Solution:
First, let us arrange the values in ascending order:
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17
Then, find the middle number. Since there are 8 values, then the middle values
are the 4th value from the left and the 4th value from the right.
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17
The median is the mean of the two values.
9+11 20
= = 10
2 2
Therefore, the median is 10 meters. This means that 50% of the group threw shorter
than 10 meters and 50% of the group threw longer than 10 meters.

Say, Hero is one of the students who threw the shot put and his throw reached 15 meters.
This means that Hero belongs to the group that threw the shot put farther than 10 meters.

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In the previous activity, we only divided the data set into two equal parts, but we
may also divide the data set into more parts of equal sizes such as into four, ten, or even
hundred parts. Doing this will require us to compute for quartiles, deciles, and percentiles,
respectively.
➢ are values which divide a list of ordered numbers into
QUARTILES four equal parts. There are three quartiles which are
denoted as 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , and 𝑄3 .

▪
If the data are arranged in ascending order, the second quartile,𝑄2 , is the median
of the data set. This means that 50% of the numbers in the data set lie below 𝑄2 .
▪ The first quartile, 𝑄1 is the median of the lower half of the data set. This means
that 25% of the numbers in the data set lie below 𝑄1 .
▪ The third quartile, 𝑄3 is the median of the upper half of the data set. This means
that 75% of the numbers in the data set lie below 𝑄3 .

The quartiles can be interpreted in several ways. For 𝑄1 , we can claim that the pig, dog,
and rooster belong to the 25% of the group that arrived latest in the group. The pig, dog,
rooster, monkey, sheep, horse, snake, dragon, and rabbit belong to the 75% group that
arrived later than the rest of the group.

The Quartiles for Ungrouped Data

Since 𝑄2 is equal to the median, the steps in finding for the median of the data set is the
same. To find 𝑄1 , we get the median of the lower half. To find 𝑄3 , we get the median of
the upper half. This is called the Tukey’s Method.

Examples:
A. Averina, a shoe store owner, wanted to compare the different brands of shoes. The
table below shows her record of the number of pairs of shoes bought from each of the
brands in one week. Find 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , and 𝑄3 .

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Brand Quantity 1. Arrange the numbers of pairs of shoes in ascending order.
A 8 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21
B 17 2. Identify the median of the number of pairs of shoes. This is 𝑄2 .
C 19 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21
D 21
E 9 𝑄2
F 11
G 18 ∴ 𝑄2 = 14
H 14 3. Identify the lower half of the number of pairs of shoes.
I 10 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21
J 5
K 15 𝑄2

4. Identify the median of the lower half of the number of pairs of shoes. This is 𝑄1 .
5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21

𝑄1 𝑄2

∴ 𝑄1 = 9
5. Identify the upper half of the number of pairs of shoes.
5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21

𝑄1 𝑄2

6. Identify the median of the upper half of the number of pairs of shoes. This is 𝑄3 .
5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3

∴ 𝑄3 = 18
B. Alice wanted to compare the fruits with high water to substitute water to hydrate the
body and found the following data. Find 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , and 𝑄3 .
Fruit Amount of water 1. Arrange the amounts of water per cup in ascending
per cup (in mL) order.
Watermelon 141 107, 128, 137, 138, 141, 142, 151, 209
Strawberries 151 2. Identify the median of the amounts of water per
Grapefruit 209 cup. This is 𝑄2 .
Pineapple 142 107, 128, 137, 138, 141, 142, 151, 209
Peaches 137
Apples 107 𝑄2
Mangoes 138
Papaya 128 138 + 141 279
𝑄2 = = = 139.5
2 2
3. Identify the lower half of the amounts of water per cup.
107, 128, 137, 138, 141, 142, 151, 209

𝑄2

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4. Identify the median of the lower half of the amounts of water per cup. This is 𝑄1 .
107, 128, 137, 138, 141, 142, 151, 209

𝑄1 𝑄2

128 + 137 265

𝑄1 = = = 132.5
2 2
6. Identify the median of the upper half of the amounts of water per cup. This is 𝑄3 .
107, 128, 137, 138, 141, 142, 151, 209

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3

142 + 151 293

𝑄3 = = = 146.5
2 2
Another method of finding quartiles is the Mendenhall and Sincich Method. Given a
data set with n number of values, first, we arrange the data in ascending order. Next,
we find the position of 𝑄1 ,L , in the data set:
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𝐿(𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑄1 = (𝑛 + 1)
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Then round UP to the nearest integer. Finally, look for the value of the Lth value in the
data set.
To find the position of 𝑄3 , the U, in the data set use the formula:
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𝑈(𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑄3 = (𝑛 + 1)
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Then round UP to the nearest integer. Then look for the value of the 𝑈 𝑡ℎ value in the
data set.
Example:
Alucard, a coffee shop owner, recorded the number of orders of the different coffee
drinks in a day.
Coffee Variation Number of 1. Arrange the values in ascending order.
Orders 2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
1
Americano 5 2. Locate the position of 𝑄1 using the formula (𝑛 +
4
Black Coffee 8 1) and round up to the nearest integer.
Café Au Lait 10 Since there are 9 values in the data set, n = 9.
Espresso 9 1
𝐿 = (𝑛 + 1)
Double Espresso 2 4
Latte 5 1
𝐿 = (9 + 1)
Macchiato 6 4
1
Long Black 7 𝐿 = (10)
Cortado 3 4
𝐿 = 2.5
The computed value 2.5 becomes 3 after rounding up.
3. Find the 𝐿𝑡ℎ
value in the data set. Since 𝑄1 is the 3rd data element,
2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

𝑄1
∴ 𝑄1 = 5.

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4. Locate the position of 𝑄3 using the formula (𝑛 + 1) and round up to the nearest
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integer. We are determining the 𝑄3 , therefore, we make sure that the percentage below
the 𝑄3 that we get should not be less than 75%. That is why, whatever mixed number
value of U that you get, it must always be rounded UP.
3
𝑈 = (𝑛 + 1)
4
3
𝑈 = (9 + 1)
4
3
𝑈 = (10)
4
𝑈 = 7.5
The computed value 7.5 becomes 8 after rounding up.
5. Find the 𝐿 value in the data set. Since 𝑄3 is the 8𝑡ℎ data element,
𝑡ℎ

2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

𝑄3

∴ 𝑄3 = 9.
This method makes sure that by rounding up, the values of 𝑄1 and 𝑄3 are actual values
from the data set.

The Deciles for Ungrouped Data

The median divides the data set into two equal parts. Quartiles divide the data set into
four equal parts. Deciles, on the other hand, are values that divide the data set into ten
equal parts. There are nine deciles which are denoted as 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 , 𝐷3 ,…, 𝐷9 .

If the data are arranged in ascending order, 𝐷1 , would mean that 10% of the data lie
below it. 𝐷2 would mean that 20% of the data lie below it.

Deciles are computed in the same way as the quartiles. First, we arrange the data
in ascending order. Next, locate the position of the deciles in the data set. To do this, we
use the following formula:
𝑖
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑖 = (𝑛 + 1)
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And round UP to the nearest integer. Finally, find the value that corresponds to the
computed position.
Example:
A. Mr. Ling is an English teacher. He is interested in the reading speed of his students.
The following are the numbers of words his students can read in one minute.
50, 25, 23,30, 42, 20, 13, 16,16, 10, 12, 11, 11,11, 19
Find the seventh decile.
1. Arrange the numbers of words read by the students in one minute in ascending order.
10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13, 16, 16, 19, 20, 23, 25, 30, 42, 50

7
𝑖
2. Locate the position of 𝐷7using the formula 𝐷7 = (𝑛 + 1) and round up to the nearest
10
integer. Since there are 15 values in the data set, then 𝑛 = 15 and we are looking for 𝐷7 ,
then 𝑖 = 7.
𝑖
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑖 = (𝑛 + 1)
10
7
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐷7 = (15 + 1)
10
7
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐷7 = (16)
10
112
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐷7 =
10
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐷7 = 11.2
The computed value 11.2 becomes 12 after rounding up to the nearest integer.
3. Find the 12th value in the data set.
10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13, 16, 16, 19, 20, 23, 25, 30, 42, 50

𝐷7

∴ 𝐷7 = 25.
B. In Mr. Ling’s class, Guinevere finished her exam in just 30 minutes. The time Guinevere
spent in answering the test is the 8th decile. What does this mean?
Explanation: So, if the time spent by Guinevere in taking the exam is the 8th decile, it
means that 80% of her classmates finished the same test by spending the same amount
of time or longer time than her. Or 80% of her classmates answered the test same time
as hers or were slower than her.

The Percentiles for Ungrouped Data

The median divides the data set into two equal parts. Quartiles divide the data set into
four equal parts. Deciles divide the data set into ten equal parts. Percentiles, on the other
hand, divide the data set into one hundred equal parts. There are ninety-nine percentiles
which are denoted as 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑃3 ,…, 𝑃99 .

If the data are arranged in ascending order, 𝑃1 would mean that 1% of the data lie below
it.
Percentiles are computed in the same way as the quartiles and the deciles. First, we
arrange the data set in ascending order. Next, locate the position of the percentiles in the
data set. To do this, we use the following formula:
𝑖
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑖 = (𝑛 + 1)
100
And round UP to the nearest integer. Finally, find the value that corresponds to the
calculated position.

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Example:
A. The table below shows the list of the most endangered animals on earth.
Animal Estimated Maximum Number
Amur Leopard 84
Javan Rhinoceros 68
Northern Right Whale 350
Vaquita 10
Tapanuli Orangutan 800
Mountain Gorilla 1000
Cross River Gorilla 300
Siberian Tiger 562
Little Dodo Bird 380
Tooth-billed Pigeon 70
Gharial 300
Kakapo 140
Fiji Petrel 50
Black Rhinoceros 2500
Malayan Tiger 340
th
Find the 70 percentile of the numbers of endangered animals.

1. Arrange the values from the least endangered to the most endangered using their
given numbers.
2,500, 1,000, 800, 562, 380, 350, 340, 300, 300, 140, 84, 70, 68, 50, 10
𝑖
2. Locate the position of 𝑃70 using the formula 𝑃70 = (𝑛 + 1) and round UP to the
100
nearest integer. Since there are 15 values in the data set, then 𝑛 = 15 and we are looking
for 𝑃70 , then 𝑖 = 70.
𝑖
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃70 = (𝑛 + 1)
100
70
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃70 = (15 + 1)
100
70
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃70 = (16)
100
1,120
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃70 =
100
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃70 = 11.2
The computed value 11.2 becomes 12 after rounding up to the nearest integer.
3. Find the 12th value in the data set from the left.
2,500, 1,000, 800, 562, 380, 350, 340, 300, 300, 140, 84, 70, 68, 50, 10

∴ 𝑃70 = 70.
𝑃70
This means that the Tooth-Billed Pigeon is more critically endangered compared to 70%
of the group of endangered animals.

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ACTIVITIES

Let’s check your understanding of the lesson. In case you do not know what to do, just
go over the discussions or scan this LAS.
Problem 1:
Below is a table containing the Annual Expenditure per family in the different regions of
the Philippines.

A. Calculate the following. Show your solution in a separate paper.

1. 𝑄1
2. 𝑄3
3. 𝐷4
4. 𝐷7
5. 𝑃45
6. 𝑃80
B. Find, describe, then interpret the position of CAR using percentiles.
Problem 2:
Ages of the SSG Officers of Dacudao NHS: 14, 15, 17, 16, 18, 15, 15, 16, 17, 16, 15, 17,
14, 17, 15, 15, 16, 14, 15, 18. Find the following using any method. Show your solution
in a separate paper.
a. First Quartile
b. 4th Decile
c. 80 Percentile

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REFLECTION
We encountered so many difficulties and challenges in our
different lives especially this time of the pandemic. We have to
stand our position, whether we have to protect ourselves and
our loved ones by staying at home or enjoy life as long as we
live by going outside. Don’t lose hope. We have to remember
that for every problem there will always be a solution and an
answer so we have to be patient in solving the problem or might
be a part of the solution and not be part of the problem.

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