UNIT I.

INTRODUCTION the physical and biological sciences and from

the social sciences
A. HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS  devoted to understanding the different
What is Humanities? phenomena within the human cultural contexts
- Humanities are academic disciplines that study  studies how people process and document the
aspects of human society and culture. In the human experience using philosophy, religion,
Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and literature, art and history as their way of
referred to what is now called classics, the main area understanding and recording the world
of secular study in universities at the time. Today, the  studies how individuals’ manner of expression
humanities are more frequently contrasted with varies as they record human experiences and
natural, and sometimes social sciences, as well as how the way of documenting these forms a
professional training. connection between and among humans of the
- Humanities use methods that are primarily critical, or past, present and future
speculative, and have a significant historical element
as distinguished from the mainly empirical Fundamental Principles of Humanities
approaches of the natural sciences, yet, unlike the 1. Human nature is inherently good.
sciences, it has no central discipline. The humanities 2. Individuals are free and are capable of making
include the study of ancient and modern languages, choices.
literature, philosophy, history, archeology, 3. Human potential for growth and development is
anthropology, human geography, law, politics, virtually unlimited.
religion and art. 4. Self-concept plays an important role in growth and
- Scholars in the humanities are "humanity scholars" development.
or humanists. The term "humanist" also describes 5. Individuals have an urge for self-actualization.
the philosophical position of humanism, which some 6. Reality is defined by each person.
"anti-humanist" scholars in the humanities reject. 7. Individuals have a responsibility to both
The Renaissance scholars and artists were also themselves and to others.
called humanists.
*HUMANITIES – subjective, SCIENCE – objective Art Explained
- Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating
Vitruvian Man visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks),
- The study of humanities may also be attributed to the expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual
symmetry and balance discussed by the art piece ideas, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated
known as the Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da Vinci. for their beauty or emotional power. Other activities
This image demonstrates the blend of mathematics related to the production of works of art include the
and art during the Renaissance and demonstrates criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the
Leonardo's deep understanding of proportions. In aesthetic dissemination clarification needed of art.
addition, this picture represents a cornerstone of - The three classical branches of art are painting,
Leonardo's attempts to relate man to nature. sculpture and architecture. Music, theater, film,
- “Leonardo envisaged the great picture chart of the dance and other performing arts as well as literature
human body he had produced through his anatomical and other media such as interactive media, are
drawings and Vitruvian Man as a cosmografia del included in a broader definition of the arts.
minor mondo (cosmography of the microcosm). He - Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or
believed the workings of the human body to be an mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or
analogy for the workings of the universe.” sciences. In modern usage after the 17th century,
where aesthetic considerations are paramount, the
fine arts are separated and distinguished from
acquired skills in general, such as the decorative or
applied arts.
- The nature of art and related concepts, such as
creativity and interpretation, are explored in a branch
of philosophy known as aesthetics.

Nature of the Arts

1. Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to join
or put together and has its Latin term being “sars” or
“artis” which means everything that is artificially
made or composed by man (wikipedia)
2. Art constitutes one of the oldest and most important
means of expression developed by man.
3. It refers to the skillful arrangement or composition of
Why Study Humanities? some common but significant qualities of nature
A lot of reasons had been associated as to why one such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, words,
must study Humanities. The following items are just a few stone and wood to express feelings, thoughts,
of the many reasons why one must engage and be imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful
interested in Humanities: and enjoyable way. (Adams, 2002)
- As the word humanities came from the Latin 4. Art is subjective as it employs the use of perception,
“humanus” which means human, cultured and insights, feelings and intuition
refined, man is taught to be as what the term exactly 5. It is the heightened expression of human dignity and
means: being cultured and refined; weaknesses felt and shared so powerfully in a world
- Humans have the characteristics of rationality, increasingly aware of its successes and failures
benevolence and care, he is cultured and refined as 6. It is man’s expression of himself as an individual
shown by good tastes and manner indicative of and how he views his existence, and
good and proper education 7. Art also provides enjoyment and stimulation
- Humanities… specially when people understand them
 contains the records of man’s quest for answers
to the fundamental questions he asks himself Functions of Art
and about the world we live in An art is a much needed avenue for people to:
 studies man and the manner in which he 1. Express freely oneself;
conducts himself from the time of his existence 2. Socially express his need for display, celebration
to the present (Martin & Jacobus, 2004) and communication; and
 is composed of academic disciplines that make 3. Physically express the need for utility of functional
it distinctive in both content and method from objects.
The Forms of Art Differentiated D. THE ART FORMS
Functional art forms Non-functional art forms The arts refers to the theory, human application
(the need for life to be (the need to express and physical expression of creativity found in human
better) aesthetics and beauty) cultures and societies through skills and imagination in
Architecture, weaving, Painting, sculpture, order to produce objects, environments and experiences.
furniture-making literature 1. Architecture – an art form that reflects how we
Music, dance, theater present ourselves across the earth’s landscape,
and, like other expressive mediums, it changes
*FUNCTIONAL ART – may pakinabang with styles, technologies and cultural adaptations
*NON-FUNCTIONAL – maganda *MOST FUNCTIONAL
2. Sculpture – an artistic form in which hard or
B. ARTS AND PHILOSOPHY plastic materials are worked into three-
Philosophy and Arts Related dimensional art objects. The designs may be
- Philosophy is a field of discipline which has embodied in freestanding objects, in reliefs on
attempted to explain almost all aspects of human surfaces, or in environments ranging from
existence. Philosophy is the study of general and tableaux to contexts that envelop the spectator.
fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, 3. Painting – the application of pigments to a
values, reason, mind, and language support surface that establishes an image, design
- Art or Aesthetics, on the other hand, is the study of or decoration
beauty and taste, concerned with the nature of art 4. Dance – the movement of the body in a rhythmic
and used as a basis for interpreting and evaluating way, usually to music and within a given space,
individual works of art. It is a branch of philosophy for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion,
that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the
well as the philosophy of art. movement itself.
- Philosophy of art is the study of the nature of art, 5. Music – an art form, and cultural activity, whose
including concepts such as interpretation, medium is sound. General definitions of music
representation and expression, and form. It is include common elements such as pitch (which
closely related to aesthetics, the philosophical study governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its
of beauty and taste. In short, one cannot do away associated concepts tempo, meter, and
with philosophy when explaining an art work. Also, articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness),
one cannot produce an artwork without considering and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture
the importance of the philosophy behind its (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a
production musical sound)
6. Theater – a collaborative form of performing art
The Artistic Philosophers that uses live performers, typically actors or
1. Plato (428-347 BC) - a philosopher of Ancient actresses, to present the experience of a real or
Greece who is known for his Dialogues together imagined event before a live audience in a specific
with Socrates. He loved and hated the arts at the place, often a stage.
same time which makes his philosophical views 7. Literature - is any body or collection of written
on art unexplainably complicated. work. More restrictively, literature refers to writing
*Art is imitation; Art is dangerous. considered to be an art form or any single writing
2. Aristotle (384-322 BC) – a student of Plato who deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, and
first distinguished between “what is good and what sometimes deploys language in ways that differ
is beautiful''. For him, the universal elements of from ordinary usage
beauty are manifested by order, symmetry and
definiteness E. APPRECIATING THE ARTS
3. Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) – a German, 1. Give a good physical description
Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a treatise 2. Analyze the work in terms of the thoughts and
on Aesthetics: Observations on the Feelings of the feelings of the artist
Beautiful and the Sublime. 3. Perceive in the context of history
*Kinds of Aesthetic Responses: Beauty results in 4. Give meaning based on its description, analysis
pleasure if there is order, harmony and symmetry; and context
Beauty leads to a response of awe that 5. Judge if good or bad based on learner’s
overwhelms the viewers of the art. perception
*Art is not meant to be looked at only for what it is. It is
C. ARTISTS VS. ARTISANS meant to stimulate thought because it allows viewers to
- An artist is a person engaged in an activity draw their own emotions and pull from their personal
related to creating art, practicing the arts, or experiences when viewed. It is very powerful in this way
demonstrating an art. and it naturally develops critical and innovative thinking
*NON-FUNCTIONAL skills
- An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano)
is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates UNIT II. SUBJECT AND CONTENT
things by hand that may be functional or strictly
decorative A. THE SUBJECT OF AN ARTWORK
*FUNCTIONAL  Subject in arts – refers to the main idea that is
represented in the artwork. The subject in art is
basically the essence of the piece
 In artwork, the subject matter would be what the
artist has chosen to paint, draw or sculpt. The
subject matter or topic is entirely up to the artist. Art
is really liberating in that sense. It allows you to say
whatever you want to say

Representational Art
- refers to art which represents something, whether
that be a tree in a landscape, apple in a still life, or
figure in a portrait
- art which is clearly identifiable as something which
already exists in life
- generally refers to a painting or sculpture that is
clearly recognizable for what it claims to be
Non-Representational Art
- or non-objective art, refers to compositions which
do not rely on representation or mimesis to any
extent
- Abstract art, non-figurative art, non-objective art,
and non-representational art are related terms that
indicate a departure from reality in the depiction of
imagery in art.
- Meaning in non-representational art is highly
subjective and can be difficult to define
- elements of the artwork (form, shape, line, color,
space, and texture) in terms of the aesthetic value 2. Realism – generally the attempt to represent
of the work, but the meaning will always be subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and
personal to the viewer unless the artist has made avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural
a statement about his or her intentions elements. Realism has been prevalent in the arts
at many periods, and can be in large part a matter
B. THE SOURCES OF SUBJECT of technique and training, and the avoidance of
A learner, most of the time, may imagine as to stylization; most popular way of presenting art
where an artist gets his inspiration from with regard to how subjects
he produces a certain masterpiece.
As art is a way of man in expressing himself, an
artist’s choice of subject or the source of his inspiration
only explains his inner world and his personality in
general.
1. Nature – equivalent to the natural world, physical
universe, material world or material universe. It
refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and
also to life in general. It is considered the most
commonly used source of art.
2. People – considered the most interesting subject of 3. Abstraction – finds its roots in ‘intuition’ (of the
an artwork which may be real or imagined. An artist) and ‘freedom’ (for the artist as well as for
artist’s thoughts, moods and even the genre of a the viewer). It is the capability of the artist to use
certain art work may be depicted by people by their imagination to look beyond what we can
means of clues as takeaways physically see and translate intangible emotions
3. History – depiction of factual events that occurred onto the canvas. Abstraction may be in these
in the past whose purpose is either to remember forms:
important events of long ago or to teach the learners a. Distortion – alteration of the original shape
about the lessons of the past (or other characteristic) of something
4. Legends – present to viewers of the art something
tangible even when unverified. Art brings life to
these stories
5. Religion – played an enormous role in inspiring
works of visual arts, music, architecture and
literature through ages. Artists used as inspiration
the religious texts as the Bible, Quran and Torah in
conveying their ideas and beliefs through their art
works
6. Mythology – come from the stories of gods and
goddesses of Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse and b. Elongation – when the art subject is
Egyptians. These so called deities of the lengthened, protracted or extended
mythological world depict present humanlike
behaviours.
7. Dreams and Fantasy – the wonder of the
unconscious is what is being expressed by art
works. These works of art somehow explain to the
viewers the content of the art piece including the
hidden meaning behind each work.
8. Technology – The modernity of the present is also
an inspiration being used by artists as a source of
subject. The wondrous use of machines, the
towering skyscrapers, state of the art robotics
technology, top of the line transportation c. Mangling – Artists show the subject as cut,
machineries as cars, ships and motorcycles to name lacerated, mutilated or hacked with repeated
a few are sources of subjects of interest under blows
technology.

C. WAYS OF PRESENTING THE SUBJECT

After the artist has decided on the source of the
subject of his artwork, he is now ready to identify the
method of how he wants his art work to be presented to
his viewers.
1. Naturalism – refers to the depiction of realistic
objects in a natural setting. Naturalism began in d. Cubism – presentation of abstract figures
the early Renaissance, and developed itself through the use of a cone, cylinder, sphere,
further throughout the Renaissance, such as with triangle, square, cube and circle in place of
the Florentine School. Naturalism is a type of art real pictorial elements
that pays attention to very accurate and precise
details, and portrays things as they are.
9. Expressionism - features art works describing
pathos, morbidity, chaos or even defeat and was
4. Symbolism – use of a visible sign of an idea to introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910.
convey to the viewers, readers or audiences the Expressionists believe that man needs spiritual
message of his work. In this way, mystery is rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the
advocated by an art work making it more society.
interesting to the viewers.

5. Fauvism – name applied to the work produced by

a group of artists (which included Henri Matisse UNIT III. THE ARTIST AND HIS MEDIUM
and André Derain) from around 1905 to 1910,
which is characterised by strong colours and A. THE PROCESS OF ART PRODUCTION
fierce brushwork. Production is at the heart of making art. Artists
and theorists have long acknowledged its importance as
both an artistic action and an idea to be explored. And as
the role of production has shifted in our lives, so have the
ways in which artists have responded to it
Production is at the heart of making art. Artists
and theorists have long acknowledged its importance as
both an artistic action and an idea to be explored. And as
the role of production has shifted in our lives, so have the
ways in which artists have responded to it.

Medium
- When an artist is ready to express himself in art and to
6. Dadaism – protest movement in the art that is give shape to his vision, his first thought would be on
playful and experimental. “Dada” means a “hobby what medium to use.
horse”. Dadaism is most often nonsensical
The Technique
- The technique of the artwork shows the level of
familiarity with the medium being manipulated.

Curation
- Derived from the word “curare” which means to take
care. It is a process that involves managing,
overseeing and assembling or putting together a
presentation or exhibit for some type of artistic
collection.

B. THE DIFFERENT MEDIA OF THE VISUAL ARTS

I. Graphic or Two-Dimensional Arts

7. Futurism – developed in Italy about the same
time as cubism appeared in France. Futurist
DRAWING – fundamental skill needed in the visual arts
painters wanted their works to capture the
a. Different Media for Drawing:
mechanical energy of modern life.
 PENCILS - Made of graphite which comes in
different hardness from soft to hard or thickness
from thick to needle-like
Shading Techniques:
 Hatching – A series of thin parallel lines that
run in the same direction.
 Cross-hatching – A series of thin parallel lines
and criss-crossing it with another set of tin
parallel lines
 Stippling – Uses the sharp point of the pencil to
make dot patterns in some parts of the drawing.
8. Surrealism – mirrors the evils of the present  Blending – May be accomplished by using the
society. Surrealism means super realism, finger or a paper stump to gradually change the
influenced by Freudian psychology which tone from dark to light.
emphasizes the activities of the subconscious
state of the mind. The art movement began in
Paris in 1924 by the French poet Andre Breton;
aims to reveal the deep and ugly part of human
nature.
COLLAGE – Derived from a French word “coller” which
means to stick. This is a technique of making art by gluing
or pasting on firm support materials or found objects

PRINTMAKING – Process used for making reproductions

of graphic works. Allows for the repeated transfer of a
master image from a printing plate (matrix) onto a surface
Printmaking Techniques:
 Relief Painting (Raised) – The oldest method of
printmaking. The technique involves cutting away
certain parts of the surface and leaving the ‘raised’
part to produce the image
 Intaglio Printing (Depressed) – Instead of the
surface of the plate for the image, the lines of the
 INK – one of the oldest materials for drawing that is image are cut or incised to a metal plate.
still in use. It allows for a great variety of qualities,  Surface Printing (Flat) – Includes all processes in
depending on the tools and technique used in the which printing is done from a flat surface.
application.
 PASTEL - composed of dry pigment held together II. Plastic or Three-Dimensional Arts
by a gum binder and compressed into sticks.
Kinds of Pastel: SCULPTURE – Originated from the Latin word “sculpere”
 Soft Pastel which means to carve. It is defined as the art or practice of
 Hard Pastel creating three-dimensional forms or figures.
 Oil Pastel a. 3 Kinds of Sculpture:
Pastel Techniques: 1. Freestanding – Sculptures which can be viewed
 Stippling – Using pastel of different colors to from all sides
produce small marks, thus, creating a pattern. 2. Relief – Sculptures in which the figures project
 Feathering – Using the point of the pastel to from a background.
make parallel strokes creating a feather-like Two Variations of Relief Sculpture:
effect.  Low Relief (bas relief) – Figures are slightly
 Scumbling – It is like layering but using pastel. raised/projected from its background.
The side of the pastel is lightly drawn on top of  High Relief – Almost half of the figures
an existing color but still making the color of the project from its background, more shadows
first layer visible. are created
 Impasto – The technique of thickly applying the 3. Kinetic (mobile) – A sculpture that is capable of
pastel by pressing it hard on the paper creating movement by wind, water or other forms of
an opaque effect. energy.
 Sgraffito – Technique that applies a thick
deposit of pastel on the support then using a C. THE PROCESS OF CREATING SCULPTURES
blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the underlying
color
SUBTRACTIVE PROCESS – Involves removing or
 CHARCOAL – An organic medium that comes from
burnt wood.
cutting away pieces of the material to form the figure
Kinds of Charcoal: ADDITIVE PROCESS – The process involves the
 Compressed Charcoal – The vine charcoal construction of a figure by putting together bits of the
which comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend material or by welding together metal parts to create
and erase. figures
 Manufactured Charcoal – Made from loose PROCESS OF SUBSTITUTION - also known as casting.
charcoal mixed with a binder and pressed into This method involves using a mold to produce a 3D figure
sticks in another material
 PAPER – The most common surface used in two- DIFFERENT MEDIA OF SCULPTURE:
a. Stone – A natural medium. Hard and relatively
dimensional art
3 Types of Paper: permanent
 Hot-pressed Paper – Smooth b. Wood – Also a natural medium. It varies in hardness
 Cold-pressed Paper – Has moderate texture. and durability depending on the kind of tree it came
 Rough Paper – Has the most texture (tooth). from.
c. Metal – It has three unique qualities: tensile strength,
PAINTING – process of applying paint onto a smooth ductility and malleability.
d. Plaster – It is finely ground gypsum mixed with water
surface (ground/support) like paper, cloth, canvas, wood
or plaster. and poured into mold.
a. Pigment – Part of the paint that gives color. e. Terra cotta (cooked earth) – Baked clay or clay fired
b. Different Media for Painting: in a kiln at a relatively high temperature.
f. Glass – Made by heating and cooling a combination
 WATERCOLOR – Pigments are mixed with water
of sand and soda lime.
and applied to paper
g. Plastic – Synthetic medium made from organic
 GOUACHE – The pigment has been mixed with
polymers
water and added with a chalk-like material to give it
an opaque effect.
D. ARCHITECTURE
 OIL PAINTS – Pigments are mixed with oil as its
binder. It is a dense painting medium and gives rich, Architecture – Art of designing buildings and other
beautiful colors. Discovered by a Flemish painter, structures which will serve a definite function
Jan Van Eyck in the 15th century CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES
 TEMPERA – Pigment is mixed with egg yolk a. Post and Lintel – Makes use of two vertical supports
(sometimes with the white) as binder. (post) and spanned by a horizontal beam (lintel). It
 FRESCO – Pigment is mixed with water and applied was invented by the Greeks
on a portion of the wall with wet plaster. It is used for b. Arch – A Roman invention that consists of separate
mural paintings pieces of wedge-shaped blocks called voussoirs
 ACRYLIC – Modern medium with synthetic paint arranged in a semi-circle
using acrylic emulsion as binder Structures that can be built from the Principle of
Arch:
MOSAIC – Wall or floor decorations made of small tiles or  Barrel Vault – A succession of arches
irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass called  Groin Vault – A structure that is formed by
tesserae. intersecting arches resulting in four openings
 Dome – Structure with the shape of an inverted SOME GENRES OF MUSIC:
cup a. Classical Music – European tradition that covered
c. Truss – System of triangular forms assembled to form the years of 1750 to 1830; Forms such as the
a rigid framework. symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
d. Cantilever – A structure that makes use of a beam or b. Folk Music – Originated in the traditional popular
slab that extends horizontally into space beyond its culture or is written in such a style.
supporting post. c. Pop Music – Began in the 1950s and is inspired in
e. Buttress – A structure that is built as a support for the the tradition of rock and roll.
wall d. Jazz – Originated in the African-American
th
communities in the late 19th and early 20 centuries.
E. MEDIA OF ARCHITECTURE e. Blues – Originated from the African Americans in the
Deep South of the United States in the late 19th
Compressive Strength – Refers to those materials that Century.
can support heavy weights without crumbling or breaking f. Rock Music – Form of popular music that evolved
down. from rock and roll and pop music.
Materials that are used for Creating Building and g. Alternative Music – A style of rock music that
Infrastructures: emerged from the independent music of the 1980s
a. Stones and Bricks – Stones are favored over other and gained popularity in the 1990s
materials for its durability, adaptability to sculptural
treatment and its use for building simple structures in H. DANCE, TYPES OF DANCE
its natural state.
b. Lumber (wood) – All parts of a building can be DANCE – is said to be the oldest of the arts. It is the
constructed using wood except the foundations. man’s gestures that express emotions through rhythmic
c. Iron and Steel – Provide stronger and taller structures movements
with less use of material when compared to stone or TYPES OF DANCE:
wood a. Ethnologic (ethnic) – Includes folk dances
d. Concrete – Mixture of cement and water, with associated with national and/or cultural groups.
aggregates of sand and gravel b. Social or Ballroom – Type of dancing that are
generally performed in pairs.
F. LITERATURE AND THE COMBINED ARTS c. Ballet – Originated in the royal courts of the medieval
era.
LITERATURE – Art of combining spoken or written words d. Modern dance (nakalagay sa book ay Social or
and their meanings into forms which have artistic and Ballroom) – Sometimes called contemporary or
emotional appeal interpretative dances. They represent rebellion against
Types of Literature: the classical formalism of ballet.
a. Poetry – It used to follow strict rules s to the number e. Musical Comedy (musicale) – Refers to those
and length of lines and stanzas but in recent years dances performed by one dancer or a group of
they have become more free-flowing dancers.
b. Fiction – Written work that is not real and which uses
elaborate figurative language. I. DRAMA AND THEATRE AND GENRES OF DRAMA
c. Non-fiction – Subject matter comes from real life.
d. Drama – Includes all plays or any written works that DRAMA – Genre of literature that is intended to be acted-
are meant to be performed. out or performed on stage in front of an audience.
THEATRE – Combined art that includes music, dance,
G. MUSIC, MEDIA IN MUSIC, SOME GENRES OF painting, sculpture, and architecture.
MUSIC GENRES OF DRAMA (DiYanni, 2000):
a. Tragedy – literature’s greatest dramatic genre
MUSIC – Defined as the art of combining and regulating b. Melodrama – Emphasizes the never ending battle
sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions that between good and evil wherein good always wins.
express various ideas and feelings c. Comedy – Exact opposite of tragedy.
MEDIA IN MUSIC: d. Satire – Portrays human weakness and criticized
a. Vocal Medium – The oldest and most popular human behavior to pave the path to some form of
medium for music is the human voice. salvation for human actions.
Classification of Human Voice (Komien, 2008): e. Farce – Light humorous play in which the emphasis is
 Soprano – Highest female singing voice on the jokes, humorous physical action, exaggerated
 Contralto – Female singing voice that is low and situations and improbable characters
rich in quality.
 Tenor – Highest adult male singing voice J. CINEMA, GENRES OF MOTION PICTURES AND
 Bass – Male singing voice that is low and rich in PEOPLE BEHIND MOTION PICTURES
quality
 Baritone – Male singing voice that is between CINEMA – Series of images that are projected onto a
tenor and bass screen to create the illusion of motion.
b. Instrumental Medium – Materials that produce/create GENRES OF MOTION PICTURES:
sound a. Feature Films – Commonly shown in movie theaters.
Traditional Instruments of Music: b. Animated movies – Use images created by artists/
 String Instruments – Provide basic orchestral animators
sounds; Two kinds are: Bowed strings that c. Documentary movies – deal primarily with facts, not
produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair fiction.
and Plucked strings that produce tones by d. Experimental films – Sequence of images, literal or
plucking the strings with a finger or with a abstract, which do not necessarily form a narrative.
plectrum held in one’s hand. e. Educational Films – Specifically intended to facilitate
 Woodwind Instruments – Create sounds by learning at home or classrooms
blowing into them PEOPLE BEHIND A MOTION PICTURE:
 Brass Instruments – Have cup-shaped a. Actors – Play the roles of the characters
mouthpieces and expands into a bell shaped end b. Producer – handles finances
 Percussion Instruments – Makes sound by c. Screenwriter – develops stories and ideas for the
hitting them screen or adapts interesting written pieces of work as
 Keyboard Instruments – Make sound by means motion pictures.
of a keyboard which consist of a series of black d. Director – Studies the script, plans and visualizes
and white keys how the film should be portrayed and guides the
actors and the production crew as they carry out the
project