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Week 21 - SDL Preview Questions

This document provides a preview of questions for a gross anatomy exam on the structures of the head and neck. It focuses on the triangles and fascial spaces of the neck, the muscles and neurovasculature within these regions, and the endocrine glands including the thyroid, parathyroid and pituitary glands. Details include boundaries, contents, blood supply, innervation and histology of these structures as well as their embryological development.

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AAMNA HAROON
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Week 21 - SDL Preview Questions

This document provides a preview of questions for a gross anatomy exam on the structures of the head and neck. It focuses on the triangles and fascial spaces of the neck, the muscles and neurovasculature within these regions, and the endocrine glands including the thyroid, parathyroid and pituitary glands. Details include boundaries, contents, blood supply, innervation and histology of these structures as well as their embryological development.

Uploaded by

AAMNA HAROON
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SDL SCOPE: Infrahyoid neck triangles, posterior and sub-occipital triangles: Endocrine glands of the head and neck:

Development of endocrine glands of head and neck

WEEK 21 PREVIEW QUESTIONS


GROSS ANATOMY:

1. Using a well-labelled diagram, illustrate the divisions of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles
2. Using a well-labelled cross-sectional diagram, illustrate the fascial organization of the neck.
3. State the layers and modifications of the deep cervical fascia
4. Outline the following regarding the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia:
a. Attachments:
i. Proximal
ii. Anterior
iii. Posterior
iv. Distal
b. Structures enclosed:
i. Muscles
ii. Glands
iii. Spaces
iv. Triangles
5. State the location and contents of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid neck spaces
6. Describe the levels of organization of cervical lymph nodes
7. State the following regarding the posterior triangle:
a. Boundaries
b. Sub-divisions
c. Contents
d. Origin, insertion, innervation and functions of the muscles of posterior triangle
8. State the formation, course, communications and clinical relevance of the external and internal jugular
veins
9. State the boundaries and contents of the inter-scalene triangle.
10. Outline the following regarding the nerve point:
a. Location and associated nerves (Using a well-labelled diagram)
b. Clinical relevance
11. State the following regarding the sub-occipital triangle:
a. Boundaries
Compiled by Vincent Kipkorir and Beda Olabu –February2020
SDL SCOPE: Infrahyoid neck triangles, posterior and sub-occipital triangles: Endocrine glands of the head and neck:
Development of endocrine glands of head and neck
b. Contents
c. Origin, insertion, innervation and functions of the muscles of sub-occipital triangle
12. State the origin, course, branches and the distribution of the following:
a. Subclavian arterial system
b. Phrenic nerve
c. Spinal accessory nerve
d. Supraclavicular portion of the brachial plexus
13. State the following regarding the carotid triangle:
a. Boundaries
b. Contents
c. Origin, insertion, innervation and functions of the muscles of carotid triangle
d. Carotid sheath:
i. Location
ii. Formation
iii. Contents
14. State the origin, course, branches and the distribution of the following:
a. Common carotid artery
b. External carotid artery
c. Vagus nerve
15. State the following regarding the ansa cervicalis:
i. Formation
ii. Location
iii. Distribution
iv. Relations
v. Clinical relevance
16. Outline the following regarding the cervical sympathetic trunk:
a. Formation
b. Location
c. Parts
d. Relations
e. Territory of supply
f. Clinical presentation in Horner’s syndrome

Compiled by Vincent Kipkorir and Beda Olabu –February2020


SDL SCOPE: Infrahyoid neck triangles, posterior and sub-occipital triangles: Endocrine glands of the head and neck:
Development of endocrine glands of head and neck
17. State the location, innervation and functions of the carotid body and sinus
18. State the following regarding the muscular triangle:
a. Boundaries
b. Contents
c. Origin, insertion, innervation and functions of the muscles of muscular triangle
19. Outline the following regarding the thyroid gland:
a. Location
b. Parts
c. Arterial and venous blood supply
d. Relations:
i. Isthmus:
1. Anteriorly
2. Posterior
3. Laterally
4. Superiorly
5. Inferiorly
ii. Lobes:
1. Anterolateral
2. Posterior
3. Medially
4. Postero-laterally
e. Lymphatic drainage
f. Autonomic innervation
20. Outline the following regarding the parathyroid gland:
a. Location and number
b. Parts
c. Arterial and venous blood supply
d. Relations
e. Lymphatic drainage
f. Autonomic innervation
21. State the boundaries and contents of the vertebral triangle:

Compiled by Vincent Kipkorir and Beda Olabu –February2020


SDL SCOPE: Infrahyoid neck triangles, posterior and sub-occipital triangles: Endocrine glands of the head and neck:
Development of endocrine glands of head and neck
HISTOLOGY:

22. List the salient features of endocrine glands.


23. State the following regarding the pituitary gland:
a. Histological organization:
i. Neurohypophysis
ii. Adenohypophysis
b. Functions
c. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract and portal system
d. Cells types and secretions:
i. Adenohypophysis:
1. Chromophobes
2. Chromophils:
a. Acidophils
b. Basophils
ii. Neurohypophysis
24. Discuss the role of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in control of endocrine glands.
25. State the following regarding the thyroid and parathyroid glands:
a. Histological organization
b. Cell types and secretions
c. Functions

EMBRYOLOGY:

26. Outline the following regarding the thyroid, parathyroid and pituitary glands:
a. Embryological sources
b. Site
c. Sequence
d. Congenital anomalies and their embryological basis

Compiled by Vincent Kipkorir and Beda Olabu –February2020

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