MODULE 1

KEEPING THE BALL HIGH: TRACING THE ROOTS

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Explain the definition and basic concepts of the game;
2. Develop students’ appreciation towards the development and foundational principles of
volleyball.

Definition:

VOLLEYBALL – is a game for two teams, usually of six players, in

which a large ball is hit by hand over a high net, the aim being to
score points by making the ball reach the ground on the opponent's
side of the court.

Brief History of Volleyball

The game of volleyball, originally called “mintonette,” was invented in 1895 by
William G. Morgan after the invention of basketball only four years before.
Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of the YMCA, designed the
game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball. Born in
1870 at Lockport, he spent his childhood years attending public school and
working at his father's boat yard on the banks of the Old Erie Canal.

In 1891 Morgan entered Mt. Hermon Preparatory School in Northfield,

Massachusetts, and it was there he developed a friendship with James A. Naismith,
who was destined to be the originator of basketball. 

In 1894, after graduation, Morgan accepted the position of physical director of the
Auburn, Maine YMCA. The following year he accepted a similar post in Hol(e)yoke,
Massachusetts, and it was here the story of Volleyball began.

Philippine Volleyball History

Began in 1910 when the Philippines was a United States territory
(1898–1946), the Filipinos continued playing volleyball up to the
modern-day period in its status as an independent republic (1946–
present).

Tokyo Japan Olympics

In 1976 – Volleyball was formally introduced on Tokyo,
Japan Olympic Games as one of the be medaled sports. New
rules were introduced, and the game became a formal event with
international rules published worldwide.

Volleyball Timeline of Significant Events

1. In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.
2. In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck
by another player (the set and spike) were introduced.
3. In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
4. In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
5. In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. Twenty-seven
teams from 11 states were represented.
6. In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, so the United States
Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was
staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.
7. In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
8. In 1934, national volleyball referees were approved and recognized.
9. In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball
Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.
10. In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.
11. In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
12. In 1949, the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
13. In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
14. In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
15. In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
16. In 1975, the U.S. National Women’s team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena,
Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA, in 1980,
and San Diego, CA, in 1985).
17. In 1977, the U.S. National Men’s Team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio
(moved to San Diego, CA, in 1981).
18. In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
19. In 1984, the U.S. won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The men won the gold,
and the women the silver.
20. In 1986, the Women’s Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
21. In 1988, the U.S. men repeated the gold in the Olympics in Korea.
22. In 1990, the World League was created.
23. In 1995, the sport of volleyball was 100 years old!
24. In 1996, two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.
MODULE 2

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Identify the dimension of the facilities and equipment involved.

2 able to draw a correct lay out of the facilities.
3. able to utilize precise equipment in playing volleyball

Volleyball Court

•
Volleyball Court - the first facility required to play volleyball.

 60 x 30 ft or 18m x 9m - length of the entire in-play area of the court. Each side of
the court is therefore 30 feet by 30 feet in size.

• LINES ON THE COURT

All lines are 5 cm wide. Must be of light color which is different from the color of the floor
and from any other lines.

 Service Line - the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is
marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line. LINES ON THE
COURT
 Center Line - is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet
squares (9m), above which the net is placed.
 Attack Line - whose rear edge is drawn 3ms back from the axis of the center
line, marks the front zone.
 Boundary Lines -Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court.

Basic Equipment:

1. Ball
• Standards - Shall be spherical, made out of flexible leather or
synthetic leather case with a bladder inside, made of rubber
or similar material.

• Colors: Uniform light color or a combination of colors.

• Standard regulation accdg. to FIVB, the ball must:
 Circumference - between 20-27 inches (65-67 cm).
 Weight - between 9-10 oz. (260-280 g).
 Inside pressure of 4.264.61 psi or between 0.30 to
0.325 kilograms per centimeter square.

2. Net, Antenna and Posts

Antenna -A flexible rod, 1.80m long

and 10mm in diameter, made of
fiberglass or similar material.

Posts - Placed at a distance of

0.50-1.00 m outside the side lines.
They are 2.55 m high and
preferably adjustable.
Structure of the Net

1m wide and 9.5-10m long (with 25-50cm on each side of the side bands), made of 10cm
square black mesh.
Side Bands -2 White bands, 5 cm wide (same width as the court lines) and 1m long fastened
vertically to the net and placed above each side line.

Side Bands -2 White bands, 5 cm wide (same width as the court lines) and 1m long fastened
vertically to the net and placed above each side line.

Height of the Net

2.43m high for men
and 2.24m high for women. 

MODULE 3
KNOWING HOW TO PLAY - THE BASIC SKILLS

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Provide description of the various basic skills in volleyball;
2. Perform various basic skills of volleyball.

SIX (6) BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

1. Passing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s been served or hit
over the net by the opposing team. It’s commonly thought of as the most important skill in all of
volleyball, because your team can’t return the ball without a solid volleyball pass. Forearm
volleyball passes are often used to direct the ball in a controlled manner to a teammate, but
overhead passing is another option.

The bump, professionally known as a pass, is the most basic and most essential skill in
volleyball. The bump is used to hit a ball that is below the head, or at your platform as most
volleyball players would call it and is typically used as the first touch to receive a serve or to
receive a hard driven hit. If you're going to master volleyball, you will need to master passing
because it is the most fundamental piece to this sport.

Types of passes:
a. The Forearm Pass - Forearm volleyball pass involves hitting the ball in a controlled manner to
your teammate. The forearms are made into a flat platform, positioned ready for the ball to
come into contact.

Hand position
1 READY POSITION

Player is relaxed with shoulders square to the ball.

Feet slightly wider than shoulder width with knees flexed.

Trunk is leaning forward slightly with arms in front of the body.

2 PRE CONTACT

Arms straighten and hand grip together to form a flat contact surface from
wrists to elbows.

Knees are bent to 90.

One foot is slightly in front of the other.

3 CONTACT

Arms straighten and form a 90

angle with trunk.

Trunk is straight with a forward lean.

The ball contacts both forearms at a point slightly above the wrists.

Arms stay together and straight as they swing slightly upward and forward
as contact is made.

4 FOLLOW THROUGH
The body moves forward towards the target.

Players then returns to ready position in preparation for the next action.
ACTIVITY # 1 (FOREARM PASS)

1. Volley the ball with forehand. The ball

must go up and down with at least 1

With at least 3 meters high above

meter high above your forehead.
2. Within 30 sec., count the number of
repetitions.
3. Dislodged or out of bounds ball might
be recovered with a dig or one hand but
counting must be suspended until fully

your forehead.
recovered with both hands and counting
will continue.
4. Held ball, or the ball landed in the
ground, counting must be stopped go
back to zero.
5. There would be 3 trials, final score must
be recorded in the score sheet
provided.

ACTIVITY no. 2
UNDERHAND RECEIVING

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. With partner at the opposite side, volley
the ball with UNDERHAND RECEIVE
to and from over the rope/ passing it
to your partner. Your partner will do the
same to complete the rally.
2. The rally shall stop the moment the ball
touches anything or at the ceiling, or
landed in the ground.
3. A completed rally counts one, and
continue within 30 seconds. Number of
successful rally shall be recorded in the
score sheet provided.
4. Every trial has 3 attempts; record only
the highest possible scores.
5. (Family)

b. Overhead Passing - Involves hitting the ball using an overhead playing motion to direct the
ball to your teammate. The ball is played with the fingers using an overhead setting action.

Hand Position

1 READY POSITION 2 CONTACT

Feet should be slightly wider triangle.
than shoulder width with one
foot slightly ahead of the other. Contact with the ball is made
with fingers only (not palms).
Elbows should be bent Ball is kept above the forehead
and facing out. throughout the motion.

3 PUSH 4 FOLLOW THROUGH

Arms push until they are fully
Push is made with arms extended.
and legs until body is
fully extended. Wrists do not flick.

The arms’ action will Once the pass is completed the

determine the ball’s player returns to the ready
direction. position.

c. Dig pass - is a pass of a hard-driven ball from the

other team. Like a pass, your arm position and
platform remain the same. The difference is that the
ball is coming from a high point above the net and hit
in a downward trajectory. When passing the ball is
coming from 30 feet away and usually below the
height of the net. A defensive move employed to keep
the ball from hitting the floor after an attack.

A dig is a pass of a hard-driven ball from the other team. ... Make a fist with your
hand and reach to the ball with one arm.

2. Setting - is the second step of passing, and it can be done to

either dump the ball over into an undefended spot or to “set” the
ball into a position that allows the hitter to spike it over. The
perfect set is a high ball, just inches from the net.

3. Spiking or attack is the strategy used to send the ball

over the net to the opponent in such a manner that ball
is not returnable.- is the act of slamming the ball in a
downward motion across the volleyball net to the other
team’s side of the court. When done well,
4. Blocking - is defined as deflecting the
ball coming from your opponent's attack
hit. Blocking is a skill in volleyball used
to prevent the opponent from a successful
attack hit. A block technique is used to
deflect the ball coming from an attacker.is
another important skill, although it’s
probably the most expendable of the
fundamentals.

5. Serving – to put the game in play, to start the game.

Hand position

The four types of serves:

1. underhand serve - underhand serve is a type of serve in which the player holds the
ball in one hand, swings the other in an arc motion below the waist and strikes the ball
from the bottom with a fist to put it in play

2. overhand
serve - (which is more advanced and common among skilled players) you’ll be tossing
the ball up while you pull back the dominant arm and swing. Don’t follow through after
your hand contacts the ball, which should feel almost like you’re punching the ball
across the volleyball net.

3. Floater serve - A jump float is a type of serve that a player performs in volleyball when

the serving player performs a small jump or hops and hits the ball in such a way that
causes the ball to have little to no-spin on it.
4. Jump serve- toss and smash the ball on air.

Activity # 3
(SERVICE)

Equipment/materials needed:

1. Volleyball ball (recommended: the cheapest one). It is not necessary for you to buy a new one,
borrow if possible.
2. Volleyball or modified court (backyard court).
3. Net/rope/tie box or any string will do.
4. MUST be in P.E. UNIFORM OR PROPER SPORTS ATTIRE.

INTRUCTIONS:

1. From your stand point, draw a line from where you stand that serves as your baseline. From
your baseline, measure 12 meters away from you and draw a line. Then, add another 3
meters to have distance of 15 and another 3 to make it 18 meters away from you. This area
serves as your modified court.
2. Tie a rope in between posts at a height of at least 6 ft. above the ground.
3. Mark your area as area # 1 (13 meters), area # 2 (15 meters), and area #3 (18 meters).

Activities:

1. From where you stand, serve the ball over the net landing on area # 1. If the ball landed
within or inside the area, it will be counted as legal serves. Do it 5 times, and count the
number of legal serves.
2. In the same process as in number 1, do it 5 times in area # 2. Then, count the number of
legal serves.
3. The same through with process 1 and 2, do it in area #3 for another 5 times and count the
number of legal served balls.
4. All in all, you have 15 served balls in the whole areas.
5. Tally/record the number of legal served balls in the score sheet provided.

 
AREA # 1

AREA # 2

AREA # 3
9 meters 3 meters 3 meters 3 meters

MODULE 4

COMPOSITIONS IN VOLLEYBALL

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Able to enumerate and explain the Team compositions, positions , function and duties of
players and officials .
2. Explain the basic components that the students must know enable to play the game; and
3. Value the significance of knowing the basic components in playing the game as tool to help
students enjoy playing.

How to Play the Game

1. Choose your players. Ideally, you want at least 6 players per team for a competitive
game.
2. You should have 2 rows of players, with the first row closest to the net and the back row
closest to the rear boundary of the court.
3. The player in the back right corner will serve the ball. You can rotate players around the court
so that you will have a new server for each service game.
4. If you are rotating players out, rotate clockwise -- looking at the net, the player closest to it
on the right side would rotate out, allowing for many players to play.
5. Determine which team will "serve" the ball first. Toss a coin or form an agreement to find out
who will begin the game.
6. Serve the ball from behind the line at the back of the court. 

1. Team Composition
 Six (6) regular players
 Six (6) substitute players
 Two (2) Liberos

Player’s Positions in Volleyball
Players ’zone position
• Zone 1 Right back player
• Zone 2 Right front player
• Zone 3. Center front player
• Zone 4 left front player
• Zone 5 left back player
• Zone 6 Center back player
 
2. Officials of the Team
1. One (1) head Coach
2. Two (2) Assistant Coaches – offense and defense.
3. Medical Team
4. Recorder/ Statistician
5. Utility me

3. Technical Officials

Equipment needed for the Technical Officials

1. Whistle (first and second Referee) 2. Sanction Card ( 1st referee)

measures 4 1/2" by 3" 

3. Flag ( line judges)

The flags are to be solid red in color and of a recommended size of

approximately 12inches by 12 inches to approximately 16 inches by
16 inches. The flag and hand grip should be securely affixed to the
pole.

4. Score sheet (scorer) 5. Scoreboard (assistant scorer)

Technical Officials and their Duties

1. Referees (1st and 2nd)

Function: The referee is the individual at the center of the court. A
referee’s duties include signaling when a rally begins and ends. The
referee is responsible for officially recognizing team requests,
substitutions, time-outs and communicating with the coaches at the
appropriate times.
The second referee (or umpire) stands on the ground on the opposite side of the court from the
first referee. The second referee should position themselves so they can effectively transition
from one side of the net to the other when the ball is in play.

2. Scorekeeper
Function: The scorekeeper creates official records of
volleyball games. Before play begins, the scorekeeper
records team and player information. Once the game
begins, scorekeepers not only track points, but also
player substitutions, sanctions and time-outs. The
scorekeeper keeps an eye on the individual serving
the ball to track the rotation and notify referees of
potential lapses. At the close of the game, the
scorekeeper records the final score of the game.

Assistant Scorekeeper
Function: The assistant scorekeeper or libero tracker is responsible for updating the
scoreboard and keeping an eye on the libero. The libero tracking duty was added in 1999. This
individual records changes in the libero rotation, notifying referees when problems occur in the
rotation.

Line Judges
Functions: There are four (4) line judges, one at each
side of the court. Line judges work with the referees,
signaling to assist in making judgment calls. These
officials often use flag lets to signal when a ball is in or
out, hits the antennae of the net, or when the server
commits a foot fault, or steps outside the line as they
serve.

3. Ball Retrievers / Utility Staff

Functions: To retrieve dislodged balls, Wipe/ clean the mess, Maintain

the cleanliness of the court, Ran errand