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    Athlur Sai Kiran
    This document discusses laminar flow and the momentum equation. It aims to (i) derive simple differential equations of momentum for special cases of flow, such as a falling film or flow between parallel plates, and (ii) solve these equations to obtain shear stress and velocity distribution for laminar flow. Newton's law of viscosity and the momentum balance equation will be used as tools. A momentum balance applied to a small control volume of fluid is used to develop a differential equation for steady state flow. Momentum may enter the system through viscosity and overall fluid motion. Examples of a falling film and flow through a tube are discussed.

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    Untitled

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    Athlur Sai Kiran
    33 views10 pages
    This document discusses laminar flow and the momentum equation. It aims to (i) derive simple differential equations of momentum for special cases of flow, such as a falling film or flow between parallel plates, and (ii) solve these equations to obtain shear stress and velocity distribution for laminar flow. Newton's law of viscosity and the momentum balance equation will be used as tools. A momentum balance applied to a small control volume of fluid is used to develop a differential equation for steady state flow. Momentum may enter the system through viscosity and overall fluid motion. Examples of a falling film and flow through a tube are discussed.

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    This document discusses laminar flow and the momentum equation. It aims to (i) derive simple differential equations of momentum for special cases of flow, such as a falling film or flow between parallel plates, and (ii) solve these equations to obtain shear stress and velocity distribution for laminar flow. Newton's law of viscosity and the momentum balance equation will be used as tools. A momentum balance applied to a small control volume of fluid is used to develop a differential equation for steady state flow. Momentum may enter the system through viscosity and overall fluid motion. Examples of a falling film and flow through a tube are discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views10 pages

    Untitled

    Uploaded by

    Athlur Sai Kiran
    This document discusses laminar flow and the momentum equation. It aims to (i) derive simple differential equations of momentum for special cases of flow, such as a falling film or flow between parallel plates, and (ii) solve these equations to obtain shear stress and velocity distribution for laminar flow. Newton's law of viscosity and the momentum balance equation will be used as tools. A momentum balance applied to a small control volume of fluid is used to develop a differential equation for steady state flow. Momentum may enter the system through viscosity and overall fluid motion. Examples of a falling film and flow through a tube are discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    LAMINAR FLOW AND THE MOMENTUM EQUATION

    In discussing Newton's law of viscosity, we have described fluid motion as flowing


    parallel layers which, because of viscosity, establish a velocity gradient
    dependent upon the shear stress applied to the fluid. This velocity gradient
    has been regarded as a potential or a "reason" for momentum transport from
    layer to layer.

    Our aim will be to (i) derive simple differential equations of momentum for special
    cases of flow, for example, flow of a falling film, flow between two parallel plates,
    and flow through tubes. (ii) solve these differential equations to obtain shear
    stress and velocity distribution and the volume flow rate in the case of laminar
    flow
    Tools: (i) Newton’s Law of Viscosity (ii) momentum balance equation

    We are going to analyze Momentum Transport using a ‘micro-scale’ approach.

    A momentum balance is applied to a small control volume of fluid to develop a differential equation.

    For steady state flow, the momentum balance is

    Momentum may enter the system by (i) Momentum transfer according to


    Newton’s Law of viscosity (ii) overall fluid motion

    Note that momentum balance is essentially force balance


    FLOW OF A
    FALLING FILM

    Density and viscosity are constant.


    We consider only that portion of the
    plane where the entrance and exit of
    the liquid to the plane are sufficiently
    remote so as not to influence the
    velocity vz,. In this

    situation, vz, is not a function of z but

    obviously a function of x

    Fig. (b) depicts a unit volume as a


    "shell" with a thickness x and length
    L; the width of the shell extends a
    distance W.
    Momentum in by viscous transport is x-directed,
    Velocity Distribution is parabolic
    The foregoing analytical results are valid only when the film is falling in laminar flow
    (straight streamlines). This condition can easily be satisfied for the slow flow of viscous
    films, but experimentally, it has been found that as the film velocity increases, the film
    thickness increases to a critical value, depending on the liquid's kinematic viscosity,
    where turbulence replaces laminar flow. Of course, when turbulent flow develops, Eqs.
    (2.12)-(2.15) are no longer valid.
    Flow will be laminar Re <= 25; Re = 4𝒗ഥ𝒛δ/ ; 𝒗ഥ𝒛 /vmax= 2/3

    Characteristic Length (Lc) = 4 x Hydraulic Radius = 4 x cross sectional area available for
    flow/ wetted perimeter ; For flow through a circular pipe, (Lc) = D

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