RIZAL REVIEWER

FRANCISCO MERCADO II MARIA RIZAL

- father of Jose Rizal - the sixth child and married to Daniel

Faustino Cruz

TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA

JOSE RIZAL
- mother of Jose Rizal
- second son and the seventh child of
- teacher of Jose Rizal Rizal – Alonzo marriage

SATURNINA RIZAL CONCEPCION RIZAL

- the eldest child of the Rizal – Alonzo - she died at the age of three and she
marriage was the 8th child

PACIANO RIZAL JOSEFA RIZAL

- the only brother of Rizal - the ninth child, an epileptic and died as
spinster

NARCISA RIZAL

- the third child TRINIDAD RIZAL

- the tenth child and died a spinster

OLYMPIA RIZAL

- the fourth child and married to Silvestre SOLEDAD RIZAL

Ubaldo - the youngest child and married to
Pantaleon Quintero

LUCIA RIZAL

- the fifth child and married to Mariano

Herboza
DOMINGO LAM-CO SENATE BILL 438

- the family root and changed his name - it is known as Rizal Bill which was first
to Mercado and married late in life authored by Senator Claro M. Recto

- Rizal’s family paternal ascendant, a full

blooded Chinese who lived in Amoy
China INFLUENTIAL RELATIVES

- Tio Jose

FRANCISCO MERCADO Y CHINCO - Tio Manuel

- the first son of Domingo Lam Co - Tio Gregorio

JUAN MERCADO Y MONICA SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL

- youngest son of Francisco Mercado Y - created an amendment to the original

Chinco, a captain in the Spanish army bill and approved the bill; sponsored

RIZAL LAW MAY 17, 1956

- implementing rules to educate people - the date when the bills has finally
about the life, works and writings of Dr. passed
Jose Rizal

JUNE 12, 1956

RA 1425 - the date when President Ramon
- an act to include in the curricula of all Magsaysay signed into law (RA 1425)
public and private school, colleges and
universities ceases one the life, works
and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal JUNE 19, 1861

- Rizal was born

GREAT NOVELS WRITTEN BY RIZAL

- Noli Me Tangere

- El Filibusterismo DECEMBER 30, 1896

- Rizal was died - Jose Rizal was born POET and his
mother encourage him to write poetry.

- The first tagalog poem written by Rizal

- Jose Rizal’s family was wealthy family was entitled SA AKING MGA
in CALAMBA LAGUNA. KABABATA.
- There are 13 members of Jose Rizal’s - Rizal’s brother Paciano instill in Jose’s
family. mind the love for FREEDOM and
- The only brother Dr. Jose Rizal, JUSTICE.
became a farmer and later a GENERAL - The execution of Fathers GOMEZ,
of the Philippine Revolution. ZAMORA and BURGOS in 1872
- The Rizal children were bound awakened Rizal’s spirit of patriotism.
together by the ties of LOVE and - A person may have everything in life
COMPANION. such as BRAIN, WEALTH and POWER
- The Rizal children affectionately called but without the aid of Divine Providence
their father TATAY and their mother he cannot attain greatness.
NANAY. - According to Psychologist,
- Jose Rizal was jokingly called UTE by ENVIRONMENT as well as HEREDITY
his brother and sisters. affects the nature of a person.

- The people of Calamba knew Jose as

PEPE or PEPITO. CHAPTER 1
- At the age of THREE, Rizal began to REPUBLIC ACT 1425
take part in the family prayers, love to go
to church and pray. - otherwise known as the Rizal Law,
mandates the teaching of the life, works,
- Rizal carved figures of ANIMALS and and writings of Rizal in all schools in the
PERSON out of woods. country.
- PERSONS had endowed Jose Rizal
the gifts of genius, spirit of a nationalist
and valiant hearts to sacrifice for a noble SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL
cause.
- who sponsored the said law since
- In his room, Rizal kept many Rizal was the founder of Filipino
STATUES which he made out of clay Nationality and the architect of Filipino
and wax. Nation.
FILIPINO YOUTH KATIPUNEROS

- will be able to gain incorruptible - considered him the honorary leader of

confidence, direction, courage and the Katipunan.
determination.

GENERAL EMILIO AGUINALDO

PATRIOTIC GOALS
- issued a decree on December 20,
- set by the then BOARD ON 1898 ordering that December 30, the
NATIONAL EDUCATION (Capino et.al, anniversary of Rizal’s execution at
1997) Bagumbayan, be commemorated as “a
day of mourning for Rizal and other
victims of the Philippine Revolution
JOSE RIZAL - Act No. 345
- was not a man of war but a man of
peace
- “A JOSE RIZAL” (To Jose Rizal)

- Noli me Tangere at El Filibusterismo,

RENATO CONSTANTINO (1969) the titles of his two important novels and
- historian; claimed that it was the the word “Morga” which refers to the
Americans who were responsible for book “Sucesos en las Islas Filipinas”
endorsing him as the Philippine National - Though the monument in Luneta was
Hero. erected during the American Regime.
- he also cited the efforts of TAFT This was authorized by Act No. 243 of
COMMISSION IN 1901 which picked the Philippine Commission.
Rizal from a group of heroes. - Another proof of the Filipinos
widespread admiration for Rizal is the
construction of myriad monuments in his
TEODORO AGONCILLO (1986) honor in most cities and towns of the
country.
- another eminent historian; writes that
Rizal was acceptable as a national hero - Rizal Province, formerly part of the
to the Americans because he was the province of Manila, was named in his
symbol of assimilation. honor by virtue of Act No. 137 of the
Philippine Commission.
- Jose Rizal University and Rizal SECOND PERIOD (1872-1882)
Technology University was named after
him. - the first turning point in life of Rizal

GUERRERO (1998) THIRD PERIOD (1882-1892)

- Rizal was the first Filipino, who was - he decided to leave the Philippines to
first called the Philippines his fatherland. escape persecution.

COATES (1968) FOURTH PERIOD (1892-1896)

- Rizal was the remarkable because his - last turning point in the life of our
ideas matured at an early age. national hero before his martyrdom on
December 30, 1896. He was exiled in
Dapitan.

DE OCAMPO (1969)

- Rizal was the first exponent of Asian CHAPTER 2

nationalism since he was the source of
inspiration for the outbreak of the NATIONALISM
Philippine Revolution of 1896. - sense of loyalty or psychological
attachment members of a nation share
based on a common language, history,
FISHER (1962) culture, and desire for independence

- even called Rizal the Pioneer

Exponent of Liberal Democracy in Asia.
TWO MAJOR REVOLUTION

- American Revolution of 1776

FIRST PERIOD (1861-1872)
- French Revolution of 1789
- when the young Rizal learned how to
read , write and listened to stories that IDEOLOGY OF FRENCH
triggered imaginative and critical REVOLUTION
thinking. - Liberty

- Fraternity

- Equality
COMPLEX IDEOLOGY LIBERALS

(McKay et.al, 1995) - laissez - faire policy or government’s

non-interference in the conduct of trade
- nationalism has evolved from a real or and business has to be sustained for the
imagined cultural unity continuous expansion of the economy.
- nationalists have usually sought to turn
this cultural unity into political reality.
SOCIALISTS
- nationalists believed that every nation
has the right to exist in freedom and - assert that the government has to
develop its character and spirit control vital industries and resources.

RISE AND GRADUAL SPREAD OF COMMUNISTS

LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRACY
- all factors of production be owned and
- was actually a consequence of the controlled by the government.
growth and development of nationalism

CATHOLIC CHURCH
LIBERALISM
- calls for humane treatment of workers,
- demanded representative government respect and social justice for the poor.
as opposed to autocratic monarchy,
equality before the law as opposed to
legally separate classes. THE ADVANCE/MENT OF SCIENCE

- the rapid expansion of scientific

DEMOCRACY knowledge profoundly influence Western
thought in the 19th century.
- became a way of life in many
European countries like Britain, Belgium, - means that search for knowledge and
and Switzerland. truth could be explained by a rational
and empirical approach.

- First, everyday experience and

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION innumerable scientists impressed the
importance of science on the mind of
- refers to the transformation of ordinary citizen.
manufacturing brought about by the
invention an use of machines.
- Second, as science became more - after the death of Ferdinand VII, Spain
prominent in popular thinking. went through a downward spiral as a
world power.
- Third, the methods of Science acquired
unrivaled prestige after 1850. - the ensuing struggle would be known
as the CARLIST WARS
- The effects of scientific revolution
spilled to the challenging of traditional - the 19th century was a turbulent
beliefs in religion and politics. century of politics in Spanish history

- it was a period of political instability

owing to the frequent rise and fall of
THE RESURGENCE OF WESTERN ministries and constitutions.
IMPERIALISM

- entered the third and most dynamic

phase of its centuries old expansion to ABANDONMENT OF MERCANTILISM
non- western land.
- along with the political change, there
- western expansion had far reaching was also a shift in the world economy
consequences
- European practiced mercantilism,
which is an economic doctrine based on
the idea that the country’s wealth and
OPTIMISM AND CONFIDENCE IN power can be measured in its stock of
PROGRESS gold and silver.
- optimism or faith in a society and - it also means that all trade should be
man’s ability to progress was brought conducted within a certain country and
about by the advancement of science. its colonies
- the optimism of the century was - Trade was dictated by the monarch
summed by MARQUIS DE and wealth should flow toward the
CONDORCET in his work Sketch for a center of imperial power
Historical Picture of the Progress of the
Human Mind. - this results in to the creation of
monopolistic ventures like the Galleon
Trade between Manila and Acapulco
CHAPTER 3 - Merchants began trading freely as
SPAIN IN THE 19TH CENTURY profits from international commerce
began to shape official policies
POLITICAL INSTABILTY IN SPAIN
- Spain adoption of the laissez faire
policy affected the Philippines.
THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL’S - provincial government was the most
TIME corrupt unit in local government then,
owing to the privilege to engage in and
- Filipinos lost their ancestral lands on monopolize trade called INDULTO DE
account of Spain’s institution of the COMMERCIO
encomienda system.
- the alcaldias or provinces were divided
- they were forced by the Spanish into two towns or pueblos, each pueblo
colonizers to accept Spanish culture and was headed by the
religion GOBERNADORCILLO or town mayor;
principal responsibility was tax collection

ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION - each town was divided into barrios or

barangays, as the smallest unit of
- The Philippines was governed directly government each barangay was headed
by the Spanish Crowns, thru the ministry by a CABEZA DE BARANGAY ; main
of colonies in the 19th century. function was the maintenance of peace
and order
- The GOVERNOR GENERAL
appointed by the Spanish monarch, was - the city government during the Spanish
the head of the Spanish colonial Regime was called AYUNTAMIENTO, it
government in the country. was governed by a cabildo or city
council composed of city mayor
- he represented the Crown in all
(ALACALDE EN ORDINARIO),
government matters
councilors (REGIDORES), chief
- he was the Vice Royal Patron over constable (AGUACIL MAYOR),
religious affairs secretary (ESCRIBANO)

- as the chief executive of the colonial - the friars became more powerful and
government, he was an ex officio influential that even civil authorities
president of the Royal Audiencia . feared them

- had legislative power - this situation what was Lopez Jaena

termed as FRAILOCRACIA
- Laws enacted by the governor general
were called ACTOS ACORDADOS - GUARDIA CIVIL was organized in
1867, as a corps of native police under
- local government units the leadership of Spanish officers for the
purpose of dealing with outlaws and
(provinces, towns, cities, and barrios)
renegades.
- each province was headed by the
- Judicial power of the government was
ALACALDE MAYOR who exercised
vested on the AUDIENCIA REAL.
executive and judicial functions
- AUDIENCIA REAL did not only INDIOS OR NATIVES
adjudicate appeals for civil and criminal
cases, it also served as a forum for - the brown skinned natives who
settling important issues on governance composed the majority of the people

- There was no legislature in the

Philippines before the country was taken EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
over by the United States in 1898.
- schools were under the control of the
friar
THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF - primary education was not given
FILIPINO SOCIETY attention despite the establishment of
- Philippine society then was feudalistic parochial schools in many towns
as a consequence of the encomienda - by the use of vernacular language,
system imposed by the colonizers. students learning was measured in
- The social structure implemented by terms of how well they can parrot the
the Spain was pyramidal due to the contents of a book even without a
colonizers adherence to the doctrine of comprehension
limpieza de sangre or PURITY OF -by the end of the 19th century, only the
BLOOD. University of Santo Tomas was the
existing higher education institution in
the Philippines founded by the
PENINSULARES Dominicans In 1611.

- Spaniards born in Spain - the Spaniards also opened secondary

schools for boys during this period;
INSULARES COLEGIO DE SANTO TOMAS, DE
- Spaniards born in the Philippines SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

- secondary schools for girls; SANTA

ISABEL, LA CONCORDIA, SANTA
SPANISH, PRINCIPALIA, CHINESE ROSA AND SANTA CATALINA
MESTIZOS
- the EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863
- ruling of the class of native elites was implemented in the colony
composed of gobernadorcillo, cabeza de
barangay, landowners, merchants and
wealthy native families
ROMERO (ET. AL 1978) - The REDUCCION PLAN of Fr. Juan de
Plasensia was implemented, which
- over emphasis on religion required the natives to live in the area
- limited and irrelevant curriculum near the church.

- obsolete classroom facilities

- inadequate instructional materials EARLY RESISTANCE TO SPANISH

RULE
- absence of academic freedom
- Polo y servico ot forced label, galleon
- racial prejudice against the Filipinos in trade
schools
- indulto de commercio and government
monopolies

ECONOMIC SITUATION - discontent with Spanish rule was first

expressed in the regional revolts that
- the country was opened to foreign
broke out in archipelago from 1574 to
trade on 1834, which resulted in the
1843
rapid rise in foreign firms in Manila.
- majority of the early uprisings were
- the growing prosperity of the
caused by the desire to regain their lost
Philippines in the 19th century had
freedom
significant consequences
- resistance to Spanish imposed
institutions was also a major cause of
the early revolts against the Spanish
rule
CHAPTER 4
- other revolts were cause by agrarian
UNIFICATION OF THE PHILIPPINES unrest, brought about by the desire of
UNDER SPANISH RULE the natives to recover the lands grabbed
from them by the friars
- Spain ruled the Philippines for more
than 300 years.

- Prior to her colonization of the THE EMERGENCE OF FILIPINO

Philippines consisted of independent SENSE OF NATIONHOOD
and self - governing barangays , people
by diverse tribes. - took place only during the last years of
Spanish rule in the 1890’s
- The country came to be known as
Philippines due to her three centuries of
colonial administration.
- the development of nationalism in the - the fall of Queen Isabela and the
19th century was attributable to the triumph of liberalism in Spain in 1869
following factors: resulted into the appointment of Carlos
Ma. Dela Torre as governor general in
- opening of the Philippines to world the Philippines in the same year
commerce
- he demonstrated his democratic and
- rise of clase media liberal philosophy in governing the
- liberal regime of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre country

- racial discrimination - July 12, 1869 (LIBERTY SERENADE

OF 1869)
- secularization controversy

- Cavite Mutiny in 1872

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

- the Spaniards considered the Filipinos

THE OPENING OF THE PHILLIPINES an inferior race and sarcastically called
TO WORLD COMMERCE them indios

- consequence of Spain’s adoption of - Discrimination of the Filipinos was

the laissez faire policy prevalent in the universities and
colleges, government offices, church,
- Filipino intellectuals came to learn of
court of justice
the revolutionary ideas of John Locke
and Jean Jacques Rousseau - FRAY MGUEL DE BUSTAMANTE in
his pamphlet entitled “SI TANDANG
- Theory of Revolution and Social
BASYONG MACUNAT” portrayed the
Contract Theory
Filipino as an individual with low mental
ability, incapable of acquiring European
education and fitted only to work in the
THE RISE OF THE CLASE MEDIA field and tend a carabao.
- can be traced to the prosperity of a
relatively small class of mestizos and
the principalia or ruling elite who SECULARIZATION CONTROVERSY
benefited from the opening of the
- Secularization of parishes was the
country to foreign commerce and trade
transfer of ministries established by the
regular Spanish clergy to the Filipino
seculars.
LIBERAL REGIME OF CARLOS MA.
DELA TORRE
- This issue cropped up when the Chapter 5
Jesuits were expelled from the country
in 1768.

- Leading the Filipino seculars in the Filipino nationalism

struggle was Fr. Pedro Pelaez, an - Refers to the awakening and
insular who rose to the position of vicar support towards a political.
capitular of Manila in 1861.
Unification of the Philippines under
Spanish rule.
CAVITE MUTINY IN 1872 - ruled the Philippines for more
- On the night of January 20, 1872, a than 300 years.
mutiny broke out among Filipino soldiers Early resistance to Spanish Rule.
in the arsenal of Cavite under the
leadership of Sgt. La Madrid. Taxation without representation

- This mutiny was brought about by the Polo y servicio = forced labor.
abolition of their exemption from tribute
Galleon trade
and forced labor by the Governor
General Izquierdo, previously enjoyed
by the Filipino soldiers and workers in
the arsenal of Fort San Felipe. The emergence of the Filipino sense
of nationhood.
- The Filipinos deeply resented the
execution of Gomburza owing to their - Filipinos development of their
innocence of the crime for which they sense of nationhood.
were tried.
The opening of the Philippines to
world commerce.

RIZAL AND THE CAVITE MUTINY OF - Was a consequence of spain

1872 adaptation.

- Rizal was still very young when the The rise of clase of media.
mutiny broke out.
- A new middle of class.
- Although at his tender age, Rizal was
Liberal regime of Carlos Ma. Dela
already cognizant of the deplorable
torre
conditions of the country.
- Fall of queen Isabella and
- In his letter to Ponce, dated April 18.
triumph of liberalism of spain.
1889 (National Heroes Commission)
Uncle Manuel

Racial discrimination - Big ,strong and husky man.

- He looked after the physical
- Spaniards considered the Filipino training.
inferior. - He encourage him to learn
Secularization Controversey. swimming, fencing.

- Parishes was the transfer of the Uncle Jose

ministries. - He encourage him to paint,
Cavite Mutiny of 1872 sketch and sculpture.

- Broke out among Filipino soldiers Dog name

in the arsernal cavite. - Usman
Rizal and the Cavite Mutiny 1872. Rizal as boy magician
- Rizal was still very young when - Rizal had interested in magic.
the mutiny broke out.
Influences on the hero’s boyhood.
Chapter 6.Rizal childhood days in
calamba. - Influences which cause some to
be great and others not.
Calamba
Hereditary influence.
- Was a hacienda town.
- According to biological science
The hero’s first sarrow there are inherent qualities.
Rizal children were bound together by Environmental influence.
the ties of love and companion.
- Environment as well as heredity.
Devoted Son of the church
Aid of divine Providence
- He began to take part in the
family prayers. - greater than heredity

Story of the moth

- Of the story told by dona teodora

to jose.

Rizal three Uncles

Uncle gregorio – was a lover of books,

he taught him to work hard.