The cry of the Philippine Revolution: Balintawak or Pugadlawin?

Objectives:

 At the end of this chapter, the students must know the history of the topic.
 The students must familiarize the authors and their accounts to the Philippine
Revolution.
 Debate about the underlying arguments about where was the first cry really
happened.

Content of the discussion:

 History of the topic

 Background of the authors and their own version of the First Cry
 Underlying arguments

INTRODUCTION:

“The First Cry” in Balintawak or Pugadlawin, is

controversial issues in Philippine history there are
numerous stories that must be proven. However,
this incident has played a significant role in the
country’s history, and it is now remembered as
National Hero’s Day.

THE WORD “CRY”

 It comes from the Spanish el grito de rebellion (cry of rebellion) or el grito for short.
 “el grito de rebellion”. El grito de rebellion, on the other hand, refers to a decision or call to
revolt. Unlike the Filipino terms Sigaw or Sigao, it does not always imply yelling.
 First clash between the members of Katipunan and the Civil Guards (Gurdia Civil).
 In additions, the learning uo of cedulas (community tax certificates) in defiance
of the Spanish Government could also be referred to by the cry.
THE FIRST CRY

 The “first cry” is generally signified as the “first call for rebellion”
 Beginning of Philippine Revolution, seeking of interdependence for the
Philippine from Spanish colonial with the use violence and arms.

HOW DID IT STARTED?

 It was started with the initiative of Andres Bonifacio and his colleagues.
 They founded a Philippine revolutionary organization commonly known as
Katipunan or KKK.

FOUNDERS OF KKK

Andres Bonifacio (utak/supremo ng Katipunan)

Teodoro Plata
Deodato Arellano

KKk- Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang, Katipunan

ng mga Anak ng Bayan- “Supreme and Venerable
Association of the Children of the Nation”.

 With its primary goal to gain

interdependence from Spain through a
revolution.

Revolution – A significant shift in the established order, most commonly the

government and social institutions.

 The organization was a secret organization, until it was discovered.

HOW WAS IT DISCOVERED?

After a member called Teodoro Patio exposed the Katipunan’s illicit acts to his
sister, and then to the mother portress of Mandaluyong Orphanage, the existence of
the Katipunan was revealed to the Spanish authorities. The secret club was
discovered seven days after the Spanish authorities were informed of its existence.
 It was discovered in 1896 which let to start the Philippine Revolution, is now
called as the “First Cry”.

However, because of the numerous versions set by different persons throughout

history, this event is opposed by others within that time period. That is why the
origins of the initial cry has remained a point of contention.
BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHORS AND THEIR ACCOUNTS.

1. Pio Valenzuela
 Authors of “Cry of Pugadlawin” and a Filipino physician.
 Born in polo, Bulacan (NOW CITY OF VALENZUELA) on July 11, 1896.
 In July 1892, the Katipunan was barely a week old; he joined this secret
organization at the age of 23.
 He became a close friend of its founder, Andres Bonifacio.
 He was elected fiscal of secret society in December 1865
 He was inducted together with the other elected officials at
Bonifacio’s home on New Year’s Day in 1896.
 He used the nom de guerre “Dimas Ayaran” *(untouchable) in the movement.

FIRST VERSION: Pugadlawin on Wednesday of August 26, 1896.

SECOND VERSION: Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896.

2. Gen. Santiago Virata Alvarez

 Author of “ The Cry of Bahay Toro”
 A prominent Katipunan warlord of Cavite.
 Son of Mariano Alvarez, and relative of Gregoria de
Jesus (Wife of Andres Bonifacio).
 A delegado general of the provincial council of the
Katipunan in Cavite.
 Became the captain general and later commander in
chief of the Magdiwang forced and fought the Spaniards
from 18996-1897.

His Version: Happened on August 24, 1896 at bahay toro, Quezon City.

However, Alvarez was not an eyewitness of the historic event. Hence , his version
cannot be accepted.
Sunday, August 23, 1896

 Katipuneros gathered in Kabeserang Melchora’s barn as early as ten o’clock in

the morning.
About 500 of them arrived, anxious to join Andres Bonifacio’s “supremo” and
men.

Monday, August 24, 1896

 About 1000 katipuneros were present. The “Supremo” decided to have a

meeting inside the large barn, and the meeting started at 9 a.m.

Matters approved at the metting:

1. Uprising to defend people’s freedom was to be started at midnight of

Saturday, 29th of August 1896.
2. To be on state alert so the Katipunan forced could strike should the
situations arise. Thus, uprising could be started earlier.
3. His immediate objective was the capture of Manila.
 It was 12 o’clock noon when the meeting adjured amidst loud cries of “Long
live the Sons of the country” (Mabuhay and mga Anak ng Bayan!).

3. Gregoria de jesus
 The Author of “The First Cry”
 The “ Lakambini of the Katipunan”
 Was born in the town of Caloocan, Manila to a middle-
class, pious Roman Catholic family.
 She was the custodian of the documents and seal of the
Katipunan.
 As a young girl, she was an exceptional student and a
silver medal recipient in an examination organized by the
Governor- General and the local parish priest.
HER VERSION: The First Cry happened near Caloocan on
August 25, 1896.
Background of Gregoria de Jesus’ Version of “The First Cry”.
 One of the participants in the drama of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 was
Gregoria de Jesus, the wife of supremo Andres Bonifacio, and the “Lakambini of
the Katipunan”.
 After the outbreak of the Revolution in August, 1896, she went to live with her
parents in Caloocan, while Bonifacio and his men gathered in the hills of
Balintawak for the war of liberation.
 Gregoria de Jesus was born in Caloocan, Philippines on May 9, 1875. She was
also known as “Oriang”.
 When the katipunan was finally discovered, Gregoria and Bonifacio
immediately returned to Caloocan.
 It was them that the uprisng began, with the first cry freedom on August 25,
1896.

4. Gen. Guillermo Masangkay

 Born: June 25, 1897
 Author of (“The First Cry of Balintawak”).
 One of the original members of the Katipunan
 Designated to build the KKK in Cavite.
 A friend and adviser of Andres Bonifacio
 His accounts contribute to our understanding of the Cry
of Balintawak and the death of bonifacio
 A general in the Philippine-American War.
 Died: May 30,1963

FIRST VERSION: August 26, 1896 (Sunday Tribune, first decade of American
Occupation).
SECOND VERSION: August, 23 1896 (“Bagong Bahay”)
THIRD VERSION: Back on August 26, 1896 by his granddaughter Soledad
Buehler-Borromeo.
UNDERLYING ARGUMENTS: PUGADLAWIN OR BALINTAWAK
 PIO VALENZUELA “CRY OF PUGADLAWIN”
WHY IS HIS VERSSION OF THE FRIST CRY CONTROVERSIAL?

 The controversial “ Cry of pugadlawin” which has

been confirmed by other witnesses of the event
that Dr. Pio Valenzuela is the second and Later
version of the rally of the Katipunan by Dr.
Valenzuela himself. The version, which he gave,
told of The Cry of Balintawak as the staging point
of the Philippine Revolution.
 The Cry was staged at Balintawak on Wednesday, August 26, 1896.
 In his memoir, he stated that the first place of refuge was in Balintawak
 He stated that on August 22, views were only exchanged and no resolution was
debated or adopted.
 It was in the house of Juan Ramos in Pugadlawin that the Katipunan met and debate
on August 23, 1896. And after the tumultuous meeting many of those present tore
their cedulas and shouted “Long live the Philippines” “Long live the Katipunan!”

TEODORO AGONCILLIO
 Teodoro A. Agoncillio (November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985) was one of the pre-eminent
Filipino historians of the 20th century. He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were
among the first Filipino historians who earned reown for promoting a disticly nationalist
point of view of Filipino history (Nationalist historiography).
 “Revolt of the masses (1956) – It was at Pugadlawin
 Aguncillio used his considerable influence and campaigned to change the date and venue
of the first cry to: Pugadlawin, August 23, 1896.

PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO

 In 1963, President Macapagal-Arroyo ordered that the cry of Balintawak shall be called cry
of Pugadlawin. And it should be celebrated on August 23 instead of August 26.
 Signed Republic Act No. 9492, moving the national holiday to the last Monday of August.
The Arroyo administration said that moving the holiday to Monday was in line with the
“holiday economics” program and promoted long weekends for citizens to engage with
domestic tourism.

 GEN. GUILLERMO MASANGKAY “THE CERY OF BALINTAWAK”

DR. MILLAGROS GUERRERO

 Professor of History and served as Chair of the Department of History in the University of
the Philippine Diliman.
 Dr. Millagros Guerrero, Emmanuel N. Encarnacion and Ramon N. Villegas, stated that these
mentioned places are part of Balintawak, and Quezon City during Spanish Regime is still
not an existing place.
 Gullermo Masangkay is an eyewitness od the historic event.

WHY IS HIS VERSION OF THE FIRST CRY CONTROVESIAL?

 Philippine Revolution in 1986
 A monument depicting the event was held erected the site
 August 26, 1896, a big meeting was held in Balintawak ate the house of Apolonio Samson
 At about 9 o’clock in the morning, the meeting was opened with Andres Bonifacio
presiding and Emillio Jacinto acting as Bonifacio’s secretary.
 They reasoned that if the revolution was launched without sufficient preparation, the
people would suffer.
 Andres Bonifacio, sensing that he would lose in the discussion left the session hall and told
the people that the leaders are arguing against starting the revolution early
 Bonifacio asked the people to pledge that they were revolt.
 The cedula was the sign of slavery of the Filipinos.
 Tearing the cedulas as a formal declaration of the separation from Spanish rule.
 At about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, Spaniards attack at the gathering in Balintawak.
 Andres Bonifacio, Emillio Jacinto and others leaders of Katipunan led the attck against the
civil guards.

SUMMARY
The term “cry”-means “cry of rebellion” that marks as the beginning of the Philippine Revolution
Led by the supreme leaders, Andres Bonifacio,

TWO IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE FIRST CRY

 Tearing of community tax certificate/cedula
 This was accompanied by patriotic shouts, “Viva la IndependenciaFilipinal” or “Long Live
Philippine independence!”

DR. PIO VALENZUELA – Cry of pugadlawin on August 23, 1896

GEN. SANTIAGO ALVAREZ – Cry of Bahay Toro on August 25, 1896
GREGORIA DE JESUS – The first cry on August 25, 1896
GEN. Guillermo Masangkay – Cry of Balintawak on August 26, 1896

TWO UNDERLYING ARGUMENTS: Cry of Pugadlawin or The Cry of Balintawak

REFERENCES
Freelancer, W. (2021, February 22).
Cry of Pugad Lawin Facts &
Worksheets. KidsKonnect.

References
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http://kidskonnect.com/history/cry-of-pugad-lawin/

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https://pdfcoffee.com//gregoria-de-jesus-firstdocx-pdf-free.html

Guillermo Masangkay. (2019. June 23). Geni_family_tree.

https://www.geni.com/people/guillermo-

Masangkay/6000000097311845518#.%7:text=About%20Guillermo%20Masangkay&text=Masangkay

%20was%20one%20of%20the,in%20the%20Phillipine%2DAmerican%20War.

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1896-pio-valenzuela-was-born-in-polo-bulacan

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https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/philipinnes/philippine-national-heros-day

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https://www.scribd.com/document/433608933/The-Philippine-First-Cry

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=816XK1qA9Q%list=WL&index=10&t=723s