MUSIC

ALL LESSONS/MODULE (MAPEH NOTEBOOK)

ARTS
MODULES 1, 2 AND 3 (MAPEH NOTEBOOK)

MODULE 4: MODERN ART

LESSON 2: MEDIA TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES TO COMMUNICATE; EVALUATE WORKS OF ART IN TERMS
OF ARTISTIC CONCEPT; IDEAS USING CRITERIA FROM THE VARIOUS ARTS MOVEMENT

MEDIUM
- The choices of a designer or an artist can be determined by the characteristics of the materials used and the
techniques applied to those materials. The combination of materials & technique used is referred to as medium.
MIXED MEDIA TECHNIQUE ARTS
- Those that combined two or more media, or art materials to make a work of art. Most common method of mixed
media arts is the process of collage.
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE OF VISUAL ARTS
- Denotes how an artist communicates his ideas. Something that translates his feelings and his thoughts into a
beautiful reality.
- Examples of mediums are watercolor, frescom pastel and chalk, oil, tempera, encaustic, acrylic, stained glass,
tapestry, mosaic, crayons, and charcoal.
A description of technique, media, and support of the artwork clarifies the relationship between the media and the
technique used to apply them.
Technique- the instrument or method used in the application of media including any reproductive method.
Medium- the material applied to support the technique.

EXAMPLES OF ART PROCESSES

- Weaving
- Photography
- Print making
7 TYPES OF ART FORMS:
1. Painting
2. Sculpture
3. Music
4. Poetry
5. Dance
6. Architecture
7. Social sculpture
The hard medium to master in painting is the use of watercolor because it can be unforgiving and unpredictable.
Mistakes are difficult to correct. Fluid nature makes it hard to control. Yet these qualities give the medium its undeniable
charm.

7 BASIC MUST-KNOW PAINTING TECHNIQUES:

1. Underpainting- works paints for thin to thick, especially when using slow drying paints.
2. Blocking In- brushes come in a number and fiber types.
3. Building up Textures- have a dry flat brush, you can use to blend and create smooth transition.
4. Dry Brushing- applying colors that is only partially covered, previously dried layer paint. And very little paint to
your brush and apply very quick directional strokes.
5. Sgraffito- removing paint can be as important as applying it.
6. Glazing- a process of laying coat of transparent paint over a dry part of the painting, and it is used for intensifying
shadows and modulating color. A light transparent blue over dry yellow paint will of course create green.
7. Paintings with Mediums- mediums can be added into paints to modulate its consistency, drying time, and
texture. In this case of acrylics, you get different mediums that move the paint matte or gloss.

● Impasto- is a technique used in painting where paint is laid on the area of the surface on every thich layer.
● Encaustic- is a mixed media technique that involves the use of heated beeswax to which color pigment has been
added. Usually they apply it on wood. Encausticis derived from a Greek word which means to burn.
● Medium- refers to the materials that are used to create a work of art. “The plural form of medium is media.” Some
common media are oil paints, tempera, marbles, and bronze. Painting, sculpture, and architecture are medium of
visual art.
DIFFERENT MEDIA USED IN ART:
● Oil paints- the oldest medium that is still regularly used in art. It is hard to dry. Oil painting is like wine; the older,
the better.
● Watercolor- highlights the texture of a paper, difficult to work around, the paint is on paper and there is very little
you can do to change it. Watercolors are comparatively inexpensive. Its paintings generally are translucent,
meaning that you can see the texture of paper that lies beneath. Watercolor allows the light to bounce off the
paper and give the color its effect rather than bouncing off the paint. Some watercolor techniques include wet on
wet, color lifting and flat washes.
● Acrylic- the newest medium used in art. The advantage of acrylic is that it dries very fast, very versatile, durable,
less messy and can easily be off if you spill it on the floor.
● Graphite pencil- similar to normal pencil but they come in different intensity levels. The h’s are the lightest and
pencils marked b’s are the darkest. Mastery of this medium requires sketching, shading, and blending.
● Charcoal sketching- two types of charcoal are soft and hard.
● Pastels- two forms of this art form are oil pastel and chalk. There is no perfect medium to a particular type of
painting but on the artists’ budget availability.

PROCESS- an artistic movement where the end of the product is not focused.
● 2D Art- drawing, painting, and photograph.
● Drawing- most basic art process, composed of making marks on a surface with a tool.
● Printmaking- mechanically aided 2D processes that permit the production of multiple artworks.
● Matrix- printing plate, surface where the image is created.
● Relief Printmaking- surface is cut away, and the remaining parts create the image when linked.
● Intaglio Printmaking- the gaps of the matrix form the image.
● Lithography- image is drawn into matrix and transferred onto surface.
● Screen Printing- image is transferred to silk or other synthesized fabric, serving as stencil for the ink to be
applied.
● Painting- the process of art using paint in a picture as a protective coating, or as a decoration.
COMPONENTS OF PAINT:
1. Pigments- finely ground materials that produce color.
2. Binder- substance that holds powdered pigment and allows it to stick on a surface.
3. Solvent- added to change consistency of paint or to alter the drying time.

● Fresco- usually to paint on wall ceilings, where the paint is permanently trapped in the plaster.
● Tempera- use egg yolks to bind.
● Glaze- thin transparent layers applied over the colors to change slightly.
● Gouache- higher quality tempera, water based and opaque.
● Photography- use of camera by artists.
● 3D Art- sculpture, earthworks, performance, craft and folk art, architecture, mixed media.
Description that belongs to 3D Art are as follows:
1. Sculpture- created by carving, modeling, casting or construction
2. Earthworks- newer form of art, can be classified as sculpture, known for being large, constructed on site
and temporary.
3. Performance art- where the artists engage in performance.
4. Craft and Folk Art- art form that is related to culture and traditions. Examples are pottery, jewelry, and
fibers.
5. Architecture- arts and science in constructing and designing buildings.
6. Mixed media- category of an artwork in which the artist uses several types of materials.

- Remember: Visual characteristics and elements in arts are just the same. They are the line, shaes, colors,
values, texture, space, and movement.
- Principles are balance, emphasis, harmony, movement, pattern, proportion, repetition, rhythm, unity, and variety.

MODULE 5: MODERN ART

LESSON 3: INFLUENCE OF MODERN ART MOVEMENT ON PHILIPPINE ART FORMS
The history of the Modern Philippine Art is marked by the conflict between the rules and the views of the
Academy and the innovative methods of Modernist. The academic style was established during the Spanish colonial
period and follow rule of the Spanish, Italian, and French Academies.

When they first arrived in the Philippines in the early 16th century the Spaniards did so with the primary intention
of spreading the Catholic faith, as a result, religious art and the creation of icons were strongly encouraged. By late 19th
century, the neoclassicism and realism became the norm. A turning point was the emergence of the “ 13 Modernist” group
which includes artist groups who had received their education where they had come in contact with various new and
experimental styles. They argued that the official art was too photographic and relied too much with the exactness of
presentations which led and rigidness and lack of originality. The Academy stroke back by framing the Modernist as
charlatans who made shocking and controversial artworks to mask “their lack of skills.”

Modern Art begins the heritage of painters like Vincent Van Gogh, PaulCezanne, Paul Gaugin, George Seurat, and
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for the development of the modern art Matisses’s two version of
the dance sinified a key point on his career and in the development of modern painting.

FIVE CLASSICS OF MODERN PHILIPPINE ART

1. “Las Damas Romanas” painted by Juan Luna, his style is neoclassicism, is one of the most famous painting of
the colonial period skilled in the style of Academy. He was the first Filipino painter to win International recognition
in Europe and USA.
2. “Houseboats in a River” painted by Fabian de la Rosa, is considered to reflect from SPanish rule to American
occupation. Subdued landscapes and genre paintings with impressionistic influence became the art of choice in
the era of uncertainty and broken hopes.
3. “Planting Rice” painted by Fernando Amorsolo. The arrival of the AMericans led to a new wave of nationalism
in the Philippine Society which is best reflected in the art. His art focused on traditional folk scenes as
embodiment of the imagined sense of nationhood. The traditional customs, pastimes and occupations are among
the most recognizable motifs employed. Some historians criticized Amorsolo’s paintings and idealized version of
what life was like in those times while others have argued that his paintings reflected the people’s desire to
escape from a complicated reality to simplicity.
4. “Interaction” by Vitorio Edades, the Father of Modern Art. Schools in the US upon his return. He introduced
an entirely new way of thinking about art, he argued that art can be more than representation of reality. It can ve
representation of reality as seen through the mind and emotions of the artist.
5. “The Musicians” by Vicente Manansala. One of the first Abstractionists on the Philippine Art. he is also credited
with bridging the gap between the city and the suburbs, between the rural and the cosmopolitan ways of lids. His
paintings depict a nation in transition, an illusion to new culture brought by the Americans. Manansala together
with Fabian de la Rosa are among the best-selling Philippine Artists in the West.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
MODULE 1 AND 2: ACTIVE RECREATION

LESSON 1: LIFESTYLE
LIFESTYLE
- A person’s typical patterns of behavior and the way to which an individual lives.
- Is the interest, opinions, behaviors, and behavioral orientations of an individual, group or culture.
- A way of living of individuals, families (households), and societies, which they manifest in coping with their
physical, psychological, social and economic environments on a day-to-day basis.
- Your lifestyle has a big impact to your weight. The things you do daily and the food that you eat are factors that
may affect your weight.

Living an active life is important to staying healthy. Staying active helps to reduce your risk of conditions like heart
disease, diabetes, and stroke. Exercise has also been linked to improved mental health and cognitive function and help in
maintaining weight.

LIFESTYLE AND MANAGING IT

LIFESTYLE
- Lifestyle is the way in which an individual lives.
- It is the manifestation in coping with your physical, psychological, social, and economic environments on a
day-to-day basis.
- These are the typical patterns of an individual’s behavior in the everyday routine at home, in school or at work;
your habits in eating, sleeping, and exercise.
- Lifestyle is expressed in these patterns of behavior related to elevate or reduce health risk.
LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT
- Lifestyle management entails making modifications in your routine especially in those aspects that elevate
health tirks.
- The choice of food, the activities you do, and eating habits are only some of the aspects of your lifestyle that can
be modified to improve. These changes or modifications that you will do must be done slowly, like reducing intake
of fatty food, getting up to reach for something instead of asking someone to get it for you, walking faster and
more often, or walking instead of riding in going to nearby places. In this way, health risks will be reduced.
Therefore, changes in your lifestyle should be done.
RISK FACTORS
- Risk factors are variables of your lifestyle that may lead to certain diseases.
- Many aspects of your lifestyle can be considered risk factors.
- Aside from genetics, heredity, age, and physical make-up are some of the factors that cannot be changed;
however, your lifestyle can be beneficial. For instance, you cannot stop the aging process, but you can delay the
signs of aging from showing by being more active and avoiding vices.

Variables in your lifestyle which includes nutrition, body weight, physical activity, and health habits can be
modified to achieve a healthier life. You should bear in mind that these variables bring the risk factors that are serious
concerns. An unhealthy lifestyle brings with it certain diseases that can shorten your lifespan.

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES(NCDs)
- are the diseases not transmitted from person to person yet kill more than 36 million people a year.
- Also called chronic diseases.
- They are long duration, and have generally slow progression.
LESSON 2: WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
WEIGHT AND MANAGING IT
A simple elimination of food or addition of physical activity does not affect the entirety of weight management.
Understanding how your body works is a significant key as well as a combination of healthy food practices and more
active lifestyle.
- Weight management techniques encompass long-term lifestyle strategies that promote healthy eating and daily
physical activity.
- Weight management involves developing meaningful ways to track weight over time and to identify ideal body
weights for different individuals.

ENERGY EXPENDITURE- the amount of energy you spend through physical activity
CONSUMPTION- the amount of energy you take in, through food

FORMULA FOR WEIGHT MANAGEMENT:

a) Weight Gain
= energy consumed is greater than energy expended
= more food intake but less physical exertion
b) Weight Loss
= energy consumed is less than energy expended
= more physical exertion but less food intake
c) Weight Maintenance
= energy consumed equals energy expended
= physical exertion is the same with food intake

*Aside from taking note of your eating habits you should also take note of your actual weight as an indicator of health risk.

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)- rough measurement of body composition that is useful for classifying the health risks of body
weight. It is based on the concept that a person’s weight should be proportional to height.

How to calculate the BMI? - divide your body weight (expressed in kilograms) by the square of your height (expressed in
meters).

Formula:
BMI = weight in kilograms(kg)/height in meter² (m²)

Example:
Weight: 130 pounds (convert to kilos) x 1kg/2.2pounds= 59kg
Height: 5 feet 3 inches (convert to meters) x .0254 inch/meter= 1.6m or
160 centimeters (convert to meters) ÷ 100cm/meter = 1.6 meters
Solution:
BMI = 59kg/(1.6m)x(1.6m)
= 59kg/2.56m²
BMI= 23.046875 - classified as NORMAL

CLASSIFICATIONS BMI

UNDERWEIGHT < 18.5

NORMAL 18.5 - 24.9

OVERWEIGHT 25.0 - 29.9

OBESITY (1) 30.0 - 34.9

OBESITY (2) 35.0 - 39.9

EXTREME OBESITY > 40.0

You must be aware of the risk factors, this can only be prevented and counteracted by managing your lifestyle and weight.

At low values of BMI, weight gain should be achieved. For normal values, weight maintenance is recommended.
Healthy eating and active physical activity will be beneficial in maintaining a healthy weight. At high values of BMI,
however, the risk of arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and other disorders increases substantially. In classifying
health risks associated with overweight and obesity, body fat distribution and other disease risk factors are considered in
addition to BMI.
- If you belong to the classification which is underweight you must gain more weight. If you are classified as normal
you must maintain your weight. If you are overweight, you must lessen your weight by doing more physical
activities and lessen food intake. Those with BMI that is classified as obese and extreme obese must lower food
intake and more on active recreation or physical activities.
- If BMI and other assessment tests indicate that fat loss would be beneficial for your health, your first step is to
establish a goal.
ACTIVE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
- Active recreational activities can help you in maintaining your weight, these are the activities held during one’s
leisure time.
- Their purpose is to refresh one’s self by doing activities that are considered by an individual enjoyable.
- These activities are highly recommended for health promotion.these require more energy to be expended than the
usual energy expenditure.
WARM-UP THAT SHOULD BE MADE INTENSIVELY AND CONSIDERED AS A WORKOUT
1. Head Rotation
2. Forearm Rotation
3. Arm Rotation
4. Shoulder Rotation
5. Wrists Rotation
6. Torso Swings
7. Torso Bends
8. Hips Rotation
9. Knees Rotation
10. Feet Rotation

HEALTH
MODULE 1: COMPONENTS OF CONSUMER HEALTH
All of us are consumers. We acquire health information, purchase health products, and avail of health services to
appraise, improve, and maintain our health. To ensure consumer health, criteria and guidelines in selecting health
products or services must be considered.

CONSUMER HEALTH
- Consumer Health is not just about buying health products and services.
- It is also about making decisions and having a clear and deeper understanding to make wise choices.
COMPONENTS OF CONSUMER HEALTH
1. Health Information
2. Health Products
3. Health Service
HEALTH INFORMATION
- Health information is any concept, step, or advice that various sources give to aid the health status of an
individual.
- The type of information varies depending on various considerations such as but not limited to health history, drugs
and alcohol consumption, and eating disorders.
- Health information is an idea that we hear from people around us, read from books and other printed materials,
or from the media that influence our health.
- All information about the health products is included in this area. It gives the materials used in manufacturing the
product, date, uses, expirations, and even cautions.
- It plays a big role in the life of individuals. It gives details that people can use to make informed decisions about
their health and of others.
Some Reliable Sources of Information
People acquire health information and products from various sources such as authorized person, media, and technology.
It is important to identify the reliability of these sources.
a) Medical and Health Professionals (Family and School Doctors, Dentists, Nurses, Health Science Educators)
b) Government Agencies like Department of Health (DOH), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Bureau of Food
and Drugs (BFAD), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
c) Websites ending in gov, edu, and org.
d) Local Health Officials
e) Educational Institutions
Some Unreliable Sources of Information
a) Outdated customs, practices, and superstitions without scientific basis.
b) Information based on ignorance and prejudice.
c) Commercialized health information
d) Personal options and incomplete information
e) Quack or Pseudo healers
Guide Questions or Criteria in Assessing Health Information
1. What are the available details of the product? Are the details updated? Are the side effects specified?
2. What is the purpose of the health information?
3. From whom is the health information? Is this information confirmable?
4. Is there an option where customers can give feedback or suggestions and receive the needed answers?
HEALTH PRODUCTS
● Health products- items that we consume to improve our well-being such as medicine, food, clothes, furniture,
electronics, etc.
● Health products are food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic reagents, and
household/urban hazardous substances and/or a combination of and/or a derivative thereof (FDA Act, 2009).
These products may be purchased from various places like supermarkets, pharmacies, and hospitals.
● Examples: Eyeglasses, Appliances, Medicines, etc.
HEALTH SERVICES
● Health services are programs we avail from various providers such as physicians, nurses, therapists, health
workers, hospitals, and the government. Some examples of these health services are insurance, treatment and
cure, and complementary and alternative medicine.
● Healthcare services refer to the furnishing of medicines, medical or surgical treatments, nursing, hospital
service, dental service, optometric service, and complementary health services. These are often connected to
healthcare.
● These programs aim to appraise the health conditions of individuals through screening and examinations, cure
and treat disorders, prevent and control the spread of diseases, provide safety, emergency care, and first aid, and
ensure a follow-up program for individuals who have undergone treatments.
● Health services are usually offered by healthcare providers. There are three types of healthcare providers.
3 TYPES OF HEALTH PROVIDERS
I. Health Professionals
- These are individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health programs to work in
the medical profession.
- Examples: Doctor, Nurse, Nutritionist
II. Healthcare Facilities
- These are places or institutions that offer healthcare services.
- Examples: Hospitals, Walk-in Surgery Center, Health Center, Extended Healthcare Facility
III. Health Insurance
- It is a financial agreement between an insurance company and an individual or group for the payment of
healthcare costs.
- One example of Health Insurance is PhilHealth.
- Philippine Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) is a government-owned and controlled corporation
(GOCC) created through Republic Act 7875 also known as the National Health Insurance Act of 1995. It
aims to provide health insurance coverage for all Filipinos and ensure affordable, acceptable, available,
and accessible health care services for all citizens of the Philippines.
GUIDELINES ON THE PURCHASE OF GOODS AND SERVICES
1. Evaluate which products and services will be beneficial, harmful or useless.
2. Know the local laws and regulations that protect consumers
3. Locate dependable medical, dental and nursing services
4. Apply knowledge acquired with respect to personal and environmental health in the purchase of personal goods
and services.
SOME TIPS ON HOW TO BE A WISE CONSUMER
1. Gather correct and sufficient information
- Get as much information by reading critically the details on the nutritional quality of the food. Be aware
that being knowledgeable of the laws will protect you as a consumer.
2. Compare and Contrast details of available products
- Compare and contrast the products and services available before you purchase. Judge for yourself which
among the products are most effective. You can use the questions in assessing the health information as
your initial guide.
3. Inquire for more and review of possible
- Ask direct questions from sales personnel if there are things about the product that are not clear to you
before buying it. Clarifying things will make you more confident as consumer. You can also get some
information from other consumers regarding the product.

MODULE 2: HEALTH SERVICES AND FRAUDULENT SERVICES

HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
- Health professionals are licensed to practice medicine. Knowing each of these professionals and their functions
can give benefits such as the application of immediate and appropriate treatment, avoidance of time and
resources wastage, and the like. Knowing them will not also lead someone to avail of fraudulent health services.
- As a wise health consumer, you should know the different health services provided by these professionals. Some
of these services are as follows:
1. Feeding program for elementary school children
2. Immunization for different diseases intended for infants and children from age 2 and above.
3. Prenatal check-up for mothers and babies
4. Free maternity clinic
5. Family planning program
HEALTH SERVICES
- Health services are usually offered by healthcare providers.
- A healthcare provider is a trained professional who provides people with healthcare.
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
- These are individuals who are trained and licensed to practice medicine along with allied health programs and
work in the medical profession.
- Examples: doctor, nurse, nutritionist, physician, etc.
TYPES OF PHYSICIANS BASED ON THEIR SPECIALIZATIONS
a) Pediatrician – specializes in children’s health care and treatment of diseases.
b) Psychiatrist – specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
c) Obstetrician – specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth.
d) Ophthalmologist – specializes in diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and disorders.
e) Anesthesiologist – specializes in administering various anesthetics to assure proper operative procedures.
f) Dermatologist – specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.
g) Cardiologist – specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the heart and blood vessels.
h) Allergist – specializes in diagnosing and treating body reactions resulting from unusual sensitivity to food,
medicine, dust and other substances.
i) Pulmonologist - specializes in diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract.
j) Neurologist – specializes in providing diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases of the nervous system.
k) Gastroenterologist – specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the gastrointestinal system.
l) Geriatrician – specializes in care of elderly and the diseases that affect them.
m) Surgeon – specializes in performing surgical operation in treating diseases, injuries and deformities.
n) Urologist – specializes in diseases and abnormalities of the gastro-urinary tract.
o) Gynecologist – specializes in diseases and care of the female reproductive organs.
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
These are places or institutions that offer healthcare services. There are different types of healthcare facilities.
a) Hospital - It is an institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care and treatment. In the Philippines,
there are two classifications of hospitals: general and specialty. General hospitals have complete medical,
surgical, and maternal care facilities. On the other hand, specialty hospitals handle a particular disease or
condition or deal with only one type of patient.
b) Walk-In Surgery Center - It is a facility that offers surgery without the patient being admitted in the hospital.
c) Health Center - It is a facility that caters a specific population with various health needs.
d) Extended Healthcare Facility - A facility that provides treatment, nursing care, and residential services to
patients, often the elderly.
HEALTH INSURANCE
- It is a financial agreement between an insurance company and an individual or group for the payment of
healthcare costs.
- Example: PhilHealth and Private Healthcare Plans
QUACKERY
- Consumers received health information, products, and services from various sources, thus individuals may be
prone to frauds. An example of which is quackery.
- Quackery is a form of a health fraud, an advertisement, promotion, or sale of products and services that have not
been scientifically proven safe and effective. It is being operated by a quack. A quack is a person who dishonestly
pretends to have medical skills or knowledge.
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF QUACKERY
1. It is a big business.
2. It multiplies and spreads fast.
3. It is progressive.
POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF QUACKERY
1. Taking a quack “cure” may delay or lose the chance to be healed.
2. The person may experience placebo effect – that he/she improves for natural reasons and not because of the
substance that the quack provides.
3. Loss of money
4. Giving false hopes to the sick person and the family.
5. The actual damage done to the individual by using fake products and services
6. It may cause overdose and over medicines. These are three forms of quackery:
FORMS OR QUACKERY
a) Medical Quackery includes cures, treatments, and remedies of various health conditions that are drugless or
bloodless in nature.
b) Nutrition quackery involves promotion of food fads and other nutritional practices that claim to be all- natural.
These are believed to have beneficial properties of multiple plants in one product.
c) Device quackery makes use of miraculous gadgets (such as dials, gauges, electrodes, magnets, and blinkers)
that are believed to cure certain health conditions.

MODULE 3: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTHCARE MODALITIES

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES
- According to Donatelle (2006), "Consumers today face an amazing array of choices when they consider taking
actions to improve their health or seek care for a health problem." In addition to health professionals, there are
also many other forms of healthcare that offer alternatives.
- These complementary and alternative healthcare modalities are often taken because some individuals believe
that traditional medical care may not be enough to treat health condition. A complementary medicine is availed
and integrated together with traditional medicine. On the other hand, alternative medicine is offered in place of
traditional medicine.
- Complementary and alternative medicines are treatments that are applied along with typical and accepted
medical treatments but are not considered standard. These include herbal medicine, magnetic fields, nutrition
therapy, acupressure, movement therapy, mental exercises, etc.
FOUR MAJOR DOMAINS OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
1. BIOLOGY-BASED PRACTICES- taking herbal medicines and availing of special diets and vitamins
2. ENERGY MEDICINE- uses magnetic fields or bio fields in belief that energy fields may enter various points in the
body
3. MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED PRACTICES- bodily-kinesthetic in nature and are concerned with
movement therapy
4. MIND-BODY MEDICINE- uses mental exercises in belief that the brain is the central to the health of an individual
HERBAL MEDICINE
There are ten herbs that are proven and tested to have medicinal value and approved by the Department of Health
(DOH).
1. AKAPULCO- For antifungal, tinea flava, ringworm, athlete’s foot and scabies
2. AMPALAYA- used to lower blood sugar levels, for non- insulin dependent diabetic patients.
3. BAWANG- For blood pressure control
4. BAYABAS- For use as antiseptic to disinfect wounds. For mouthwash or tooth decay and gum infection
5. LAGUNDI- used for asthma and cough, fever, dysentery, colds and pain, headache, rheumatism, sprain, insect
bites
6. NIYOG-NIYOGAN- For intestinal worms, particularly ascaris and trichina
7. PANSIT-PANSITAN- used to lower uric acid, for arthritis and gout
8. SAMBONG- For anti-edema, diuretic, urinary stone
9. TSAANG GUBAT- For mouthwash
10. YERBA BUENA- For relief from body aches and pains.
NATUROPATHY
Naturopathic medicine views diseases as a manifestation of an alteration in the process by which the body naturally
heals itself (Donatelle, 2006). Naturopathy offers a wide range of natural practices including Herbal Medicine
Acupuncture, Acupressure, Nutritional Therapy and Ventosa Cupping Massage Therapy.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
a) ACUPUNCTURE- It is a form of energy medicine where long thin needles are inserted to specific parts of the
body to affect the energy flow. Acupuncture is believed to treat musculoskeletal dysfunctions.
b) REFLEXOLOGY- Similar to acupuncture, reflexology focuses on treating specific disorders through massaging
the palms of the hand and soles of the feet.
c) NUTRITION THERAPY-. Nutrition therapy approaches treatment of a medical condition by providing a tailored
diet for the patient.
d) ACUPRESSURE- Acupressure uses the same technique as that of acupuncture. The only difference is that
acupressure does not use needles but hands to apply pressure on certain points of the body.
e) VENTOSA CUPPING MASSAGE THERAPY- This procedure is done by placing inverted glasses that have
flames from burning cotton, on specific points in the body. It is believed to relieve muscle and joint pains.
LAWS
As a wise consumer you need to know the different laws that can protect you and help you in your speedy
recovery if you are ill. Some of these are the Traditional and Alternative Medicines Act, Consumer Act of the Philippines,
Cheaper Medicines

LAWS DESCRIPTION

TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES ACT It provides for the improvement of quality and delivery of
(TAMA) health care services in the country through the
development of traditional and alternative health care and
its integration into the health care system.

CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES OR RA 7394 It protects the interest of consumers and promotes their
general welfare. It also establishes standards of conduct
for business and industry.

CHEAPER MEDICINES ACT OR RA 9502 It is intended to achieve universally accessible and

cheaper and quality medicines by pursuing and effective
competition policy in the pharmaceutical sector.

MODULE 4: CONSUMER WELFARE AND PROTECTION

CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES
- a law that protects the interest of the consumer, promotes general welfare, and establishes standards of conduct
for business and industry.
A) Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD)
- Serves as DOH key regulatory agency and implementer of the country’s food control system
- Ensures safe and good quality processed food, drug, and cosmetics
- Regulates production, sale and traffic of food, drug, and cosmetics
- Protects the health of the consumers and handles consumer complaints
B) Department of Health (DOH)
- Provides national policy direction and develops national plans, technical standards and guidelines in
health
- Regulates all health services and products
- Inspects establishments that dispense food
- Adopts measures to ensure the quality of meat, milk products, cosmetics, and other consumer goods
C) Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
- Serves as the primary coordinative, promotive, facilitative, and regulatory arm of the government for the
country’s trade, industry, and investment activities
- Ensures the quality and safety of products
- Checks the warranty and price tags of products
- Monitors advertisements and retail ways in order to prevent any deception of consumer
- Guaranties consumer welfare and protection
INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES RELEVANT TO CONSUMER PROTECTION
A) International Food Protection Institute (IFPI)- ensures food protection through policies and practices for a safer
global food supply.
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- protects and promotes public health through control and supervision of
food safety.
C) World Health Organization (WHO)- directs international health within the United Nation’sSystem and to lead
partners and global health responses.

MODULE 5: CONSUMER WELFARE AND PROTECTION- BASIC RIGHTS OF THE

CONSUMER
CONSUMER PROTECTION
The government also plays an important role in consumer protection. A consumer has rights mandated by law.
These are privileges that an individual is guaranteed of health products and services.

REPUBLIC ACT 7394 OR THE CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Republic Act 7394 or the Consumer Act of the Philippines has three objectives (Galvez Tan, et el., 2009);
1) protect the interest of the consumer;
2) promote general welfare;
3) establish standards of conduct for business and industry.
The 8 basic rights of a consumer:
1) Right to Basic Needs (Pangunahing Pangangailangan) - This right guarantee survival, adequate food,
clothing, shelter, healthcare, education, and sanitation.
2) Right to safety (Kaligtasan) - This is the right to be protected against the marketing of goods or the provision of
services that are hazardous to health and life.
3) Right to information (Patalastasan) - This is the right to be protected against dishonest or misleading
advertising or labeling and the right to be given the facts and information needed to make an informed choice.
4) Right to choose (Pumili) - This is the right to choose products at competitive prices with an assurance of
satisfactory quality.
5) Right to Representation (Dinggin) - This is the right to express consumer interests in the making and execution
of government policies.
6) Right to Redressed (Kabayaran para sa Kapinsalaan) - This is the right to be compensated for
misrepresentation, shoddy goods, or unsatisfactory services.
7) Right to Education (Pagtuturong Pangmamimili) - This is the right to acquire the knowledge and skills
necessary to be an informed customer.
8) Right to Health Environment (Malinis na Kapaligiran) - This is the right to live and work in an environment that
is neither threatening nor dangerous and, which permits a life of dignity and well being.

MODULE 6: CONSUMER WELFARE AND PROTECTION- NATIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
CONSUMER WELFARE AND PROTECTION
The government also plays an important role in consumer protection. Aside from the Consumer Act of 2009, there
are also other international and national consumer advocacy groups that advocate for our health. By knowing your
consumer rights, you have the power to report illegal and fraudulent health products and services. Here are some
government firms that we can approach to report.
GOVERNMENT FIRMS
1. Department of Trade and Industry Philippines
- oversees the enforcement of laws to protect consumers, consumer education, and formation of consumer
groups.
- The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) is tasked to foster a competitive and innovative industry
and services sector that contributes to job generation and inclusive growth; and to advance the rights and
responsibilities of consumers
DTI handles the following areas of concern:
● Consumer products and service warranties
● Consumer products quality and safety Deceptive, unfair, and unconscionable sales acts and practices
● Weight and measure (metrication)
● Labeling and Packaging
● Advertising and sales promotion
● Service and repair shops
2. Food and Drug Administration of the Philippines
- The FDA is responsible for safeguarding public health & safety. Protecting the public health through the
enforcement of its standards.
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the Philippines, formerly the Bureau of Food and
Drugs, is a health regulatory agency under the Department of Health (Philippines) created on 1963 by
Republic Act No. 3720, amended on 1987 by Executive Order 175 otherwise known as the “Food, Drugs
and Devices, and Cosmetics Act”, and subsequently reorganized by Republic Act No. 9711 otherwise
known as “The Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009”. The agency is responsible for licensing,
monitoring, and regulating of cosmetics, drugs, foods, household hazardous products, medical devices
and electromagnetic radiation emitting devices, pesticides, tobacco and related products, and vaccines
for safety, efficacy, and quality in the Republic of the Philippines.
3. Department of Health
- The Department of Health is the executive department of the Government of the Philippines responsible
for ensuring access to basic public health services by all Filipinos through the provision of quality health
care and the regulation of all health services and products.
DOH handles the following areas of concern:
● Inspect establishment that dispense food
● Adopt measures to ensure the quality of meat, milk products, cosmetics, and other consumer goods.
4. Department of Education
- The Department of Education is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for
ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and improving the quality of basic education. It is the main
agency tasked to manage and govern the Philippine system of basic education. It is the chief formulator
of Philippine education policy and responsible for the Philippine primary and secondary school systems.
5. Department of Agriculture
- The Department of Agriculture is the executive department of the Philippine government responsibleN
for the promotion of agricultural and fisheries development and growth. Ensure any agricultural products’
quality and safety to use and proper labelling and packaging.
PROCLAMATION NO. 1098
Pursuant to Presidential Proclamation No. 1098 dated September 26, 1997, the country will be
celebrating the Consumer Welfare Month every October. The theme emphasizes the importance of effective consumer
protection that responds to the challenges of the digital economy and the development of cross-border retail trade. Oct 1,
2019 October was declared Consumer Welfare Month by virtue of Proclamation No. 1098 signed on Sept. 26, 1997, by
then President Fidel V. Ramos. According to the proclamation, there is a need to focus national attention on the role
consumers play in the vitality of the economy.