Physical Education 3

LESSON 5: BALLROOM
Ballroom dance is a set of partner dances, which are enjoyed
both socially and competitively around the world, mostly because of
its performance and entertainment aspects. Ballroom dancing is also widely enjoyed on stage,
film, and television.
Ballroom dance may refer, at its widest definition, to almost any recreational dance
with a partner. However, with the emergence of dance competition (now known
as Dancesport),
The term 'ballroom dancing' is derived from the word ball which in turn originates from
the Latin word ballare which means 'to dance' (a ball-room being a large room specially
designed for such dances).

CLASSIFICATION OF BALLROOM DANCE

STANDARD DANCES
Standard (ballroom) dance are elegant and have strong emphasis on posture, more formal than
Latin Dances. They are generally dance in a closed position. It consists of the following dances
such as: Waltz, Quickstep, Foxtrot, Tango, and Viennese waltz.
Waltz is one of the smoothest ballroom dances. It is a progressive dance marked by long,
flowing movements, continuous turns, and "rise and fall." The dance is so graceful and elegant;
Waltz dancers appear to glide around the floor with almost no effort.
Tango is one of the most fascinating of all ballroom dances. This sensual ballroom dance
originated in South America in the early twentieth century.
Quickstep is a quick version of the Foxtrot. It is a ballroom dance comprised of extremely quick
stepping, syncopated feet rhythms, and runs of quick steps. The Quickstep is exciting to watch,
but among the most difficult of all the ballroom dance.
Foxtrot is a smooth dance in which dancers make long, flowing movements across the floor.
Foxtrot has lots of fun and simple to learn an excellent dance for beginners.

LATIN DANCES
On the other hand, Latin style has movements that are passionate, fiery and flashy .Latin
dances are generally faster-paced, more sensual and have more rhythmic expression. Latin
dances such as: Cha-cha-cha, Mambo, Rumba, Samba, Jive, Paso Doble. Club dances include:
Swing, Line dance, Salsa and Merengue.
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Cha cha cha is a lively, flirtatious ballroom dance full of passion and energy. The classic "Cuban
motion" gives the Cha cha cha its unique style. Partners work together to synchronize each
movement in perfect alignment.
Jive is an American dance that evolved from a dance called the Jitterbug by removing the lifts
and acrobatic elements. Dancers use a more bouncy type movement using the balls of the feet.
A lot of kicks are used in jive. Jive is a very fast, energy-consuming dance.
Rumba is considered by many to be the most romantic and sensual of all Latin ballroom dance.
It is often referred to as the "Grandfather of the Latin dances." A moderately slow Latin dance
with plenty of wraps, under arm turns and a truck load of flirtation. It is often called as the
“Dance of Love”
Samba is popular with young people as well as older generations. Samba can be performed solo
or with a partner. Possibly the most popular of all Brazilian ballroom dance.
Paso Doble is one of the liveliest ballroom dance, originating in southern France. It is modelled
after the sound, drama, and movement of the Spanish bullfight.
Mambo is one of the most sensual and emotional Latin American ballroom dances. Swaying hip
movements, facial expressions, arm movements and holds add to the sensuality of the dance.
Physical Education 3

LESSON 6: HIPHOP
HIPHOP
-Cultural movement from the African-American group of people who were looking for a
creative outlet to vent their frustrations and disappointments with society.
- It has developed as a “cultural and artistic phenomenon affecting the youth worldwide as it
reflects the social, economic, political, cultural realities and condition of their lives.
4 Fundamental characteristics of hip-hop

• Rapping- Vocal elements and rap music is the heart of the hip-hop musical genre.
• Disc Jockeying- means scratching or turn table record mixing.
• Break Dancing- It started as a form of fighting, a mixture of physically demanding
movements which exploited the daredevil prowess of their performers and stylized
punching and kicking movements.
• Graffiti Art- Also known as aerosol art. It was began as a way of “tagging” for one’s crew
and developed during the 1970s on the subways of New York and expanded to the city
walls themselves.
Philippine all star is the first Philippine team who won the world hip-hop dance championship.
STREET DANCE
- It started in the 1970s and was made popular in the 1980s by media’s exposure of several
hip-hop groups in America.
- It is a freestyle in nature and maybe practiced in either a dance studio or in an open space
outdoor.
- The word street dance is a “Filipino version” of hip-hop dance that was specifically used by
Filipino dancers.
Elements of street dance
➢ Bounce or recoil- It is a quick contraction and retraction or vice-versa movement
with energy and vitality.
➢ Tightening of the body- The body is controlled with firmness and strength to prepare
it for explosive and sudden movements.
➢ Agility and Coordination- It must be able to move quickly and smoothly from one
position to the other with ease.
➢ Fun- It’s the dancers mechanism to offer kinetic musically with bravado that is easily
consumed by an immobile audience.
2 main categories of street dance styles
Physical Education 3

o New School
Krumping Dance - Characterized by unrestrained rapid fire and highly energetic moves of the
limbs and torso.
Street Jazz- Combination of hip-hop dance styles and jazz dance movements
House Dance - - Dance styles that emphasizes fast, complex footsteps with fluid movements of
the torso.
o Old School
Break Dancing- It is an unstructured and highly improvisational style that incorporates and
acrobatic movements.
Popping- A quick contraction and relaxation of muscles to producing jerking of various joints.
Locking- It relies on fast, distinct arm and hand movements combined with relaxed hips and
legs.
List of power moves used in break dancing

❖ Windmill- It is a move in which the dancer spins from his upper back to his chest while
twirling his legs around his body in a V-shape
❖ Head spin- The dancer wearing a stocking cap or handkerchief and uses his hands to aid
in speeding up the spin.
❖ Flare- This is an incredibly difficult move borrowed from gymnastics.
❖ Jackhammer- It is a move performed on the ground having the dancer balancing on one
hand and laying his body on the elbow of the same arm.

List of BASIC moves used in break dancing

❖ Top Rock- This is a simple dance done standing up to initiate break dancing.
❖ Up Rock- This is a doing a toprock with someone else, sort of like a fight but without
contract and very rhythmic.
❖ 6 Step- It resembles walking in a circle on the ground and only one hand is touching the
ground at a time.
❖ Moon Walk- A move where a dancer slides backward while their legs appear to be
walking forward.
❖ Worm- A move in which a dancer lies on the ground and forms a rippling motion
through his body.
Physical Education 3

LESSON 7: CHEERDANCE
CHEERLEADING- is an event that consists of cheers and organized routines for sports team
motivation, audience entertainment or competition.
- The yellers, dancers and athletes involved in cheerleading are called
cheerleaders. When they are group together as one they are called a squad.
-It is relatively new in the field of sports and dance as It has only emerged
during early 1990’s part of the cheerleading events.
-It is one of the categories in International Cheerleading Competition that
focuses on the dance techniques and basic elements of cheerleading including stunts, acrobats,
and advance gymnastic skills.

BRIEF HISTORY- in 1860s, students from Great Britain began to cheer and chant in unison for
their favorite athletes at sporting events. This event eventually reached and influenced
America. In the late 1880s, the first organized yell was recorded at Princeton University.

THOMAS PEBBLES- one of the graduates of Princeton University brought the yell to the
University of Minnesota in 1884.
JOHNNY CAMPBELL- was a student of the University of Minnesota, he initiated that
cheerleading officially began in November 2, 1898.

- Cheerleading for the first 25 years was an all- male activity.

- It was only during the 1920’s when the women cheerleaders participated in cheerleading

Elements of Cheer Dancing

1. Dance Techniques - techniques used in a cheer dance competition.

- depending on the competition requires.
Jazz
HipHop
Modern Dance
Contemporary Ballet
Folk Dance
2. Elements of Cheers - coordination of organized words and movements relating to an
athletic event.

Hand Positions
BUCKET CLAP CANDLE STICK
CLASP BLADE JAZZ
Arms Positions
FLYING V BOW AND ARROW PUNCH
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LOW V OVERHEAD CLASP BOX

TOUCH DOWN DAGGER CHECK MARK
LOW TOUCH DOWN L MOTION
T MOTION DIAGONAL
HALF T K MOTION

Body Positions
BEGINNING STANCE CHEER STANCE SIDE LUNGE
SQUAT KNEEL

3. Basic gymnastic skills- jumps and tumbling that adds thrill and effect to the routine.

JUMPS – requires stamina, strength and flexibility

Tuck Side Hurdler

Spread Eagle Toe Touch
Double Hook Pike
Front Hurdler Double Nine

TUMBLING – very dynamic and an excellent way to shake a crowd up quickly

Forward Roll Cartwheel

Backward Roll Round off

BASIC FORMATIONS IN CHEERDANCE:

Bowling Pin – like a bowling Staggered Line – it is a simple line where the back line is position in
the windows (space in between individuals).
pins in a bowling alley.
Physical Education 3

LESSON 8: FESTIVAL DANCE

A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some
characteristic aspect of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local
or national holiday.
Festival dances are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments by
a community of people sharing the same culture usually done in honor of a Patron Saint or in
thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest.
NATURE OF FESTIVAL

• Religious Festival
• Secular Festival
Religious Festival-are festivals dedicated for patrons, gods, saints, and others related to any
Religion.
Secular Festival-is a festival celebrated as thanksgiving or celebration of people’s industry or
bountiful harvest.
WHY DO FILIPINOS CELEBRATE FESTIVAL

• Filipinos do festivals primarily to celebrate.

• We celebrate our unity amidst the diversity of cultures; and
• We celebrate our industry bringing about a bountiful harvest.
WHAT VALUE DO FESTIVALS TEACH US?

• Festivals help us to keep connection with our roots, culture, origin and preserve it. They
relieve us from monotomy of life.
• Festivals teach us forget enmity and embrace one another and create bond of love, an
environment of cultural harmony. When time of festival comes, the aura changes,
positivity all around.
Physical Education 3

SOME OF RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS

SOME OF SECULAR FESTIVALS