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Communication Process Guide

The document discusses communication and its elements. It defines communication as the process of transmitting information and understanding between individuals through various means. The key elements of communication identified are the source, message, channel, receiver, feedback, environment, context, and interference. Effective communication principles include clarity, concreteness, courtesy, correctness, consideration, conciseness, consistency, completeness, and coherence.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

354 views53 pages

Communication Process Guide

Uploaded by

Christian Almirante

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

West Visayas State University

(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)

JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

P U R P O S I V E

Learners’ Material
Prepared by:
MARK RHEDAN P. CATEDRAL DIVINA E. BORBON MARY ANN D. VELARDE
DINA C. JAULA JOSHUA B. TUPAS NANCY A. ARELLANO
JANET A. TALLDOR JOHN MARK A. MASAGNAY RICA MAE C. GALVEZ

Course Facilitator:

Rica Mae C. Galvez

West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 1

Communication Defined and Its Elements

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

At the end of the lesson, the students must have described the nature of
communication.

Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

 defined communication through portraits description; and
 identified the elements of communication through watching a video snippet of a
favorite advertisement or TV show.

Let’s Warm- up!

Directions: Answer the following questions based on how you understand

communication.

1. Why do people communicate?

Concept Grounding: Communication

Communication, derived from the Latin word 'communicare' which means to share, is
the process of transmitting information and understanding. It is the transference of meaning
between individuals and the means of reaching, understanding and influencing others. Skill
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

to communicate depends on the capacity of an individual to convey ideas and feelings to

another to evolve a desired response.
Communication is also the process of exchanging meaning between two or more
people with the purpose of achieving mutual understanding. Meaning is in people who give
meaning to the words that we use to communicate. For communication to take place, both
speaker/source and audience/receiver must have meaning for the same word (Castells &
Tanoy, 2000).

TASK 1. THINKING OUT LOUD

Which of the following situations depict the nature of communication? Explain why
you choose such picture by discussing the situation it portrays.

A. B.

C. D.

Your answer here...

Processing Questions:

1. Why do you consider the given pictures as examples of communication?

2. On your own ideas, how do you define communication?

The Components of Communication Process

Understanding the communication process may help you become a better

communicator.

1. Source
The sender carefully crafts the message. The sender may be anyone: an
author of a book, a public speaker in a special occasion or even a traffic
enforcer.
2. Message
The message is the reason behind any interaction. It is the meaning shared
between the sender and the receiver. Messages take any forms. They could
mean poems, songs, essays, new articles, road signs and even symbols.
3. Channel
The channel is the means by which a message is conveyed. When we answer
a phone call, the phone is the channel. On the other hand, when your parents
receive a notification of your absences from school, the channel is a letter. It
is the responsibility of both the sender and the receiver to choose the best
channel for the interaction.
4. Receiver
The receiver is the person who receives the transmitted message. The
receiver may be a part of an audience in a public speaking event, a reader of
a letter or a driver who read road signs. The receiver is expected to listen or
read carefully, to be aware of different kinds of sender to jot down
information when needed, to provide response and to ask questions for
clarification.
5. Feedback
In any communication scenario, a feedback is essential to confirm recipient
understanding. Feedbacks, like messages, are expressed in varied forms. A
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(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

simple nod for a question of verification is considered a feedback. Thus,

feedbacks may be written, spoken or acted out.
6. Environment
The place, the feeling, the mood, the mindset and the condition of both
sender and receiver are called the environment. The environment may involve
the physical set- up of a location where communication takes place, the space
occupied by both the sender and the receiver, including the objects
surrounding the sender and the receiver.
7. Context
Context involves the expectations of the sender and the receiver and the
common or shared understanding through the environmental signals.
8. Interference
Interference is also known as barrier or block that prevents effective
communication to take place.

Kinds of Interference
a. Psychological barriers are thought that hamper the message to be
interpreted correctly by the receiver.
b. Physical barriers include competing stimulus, weather and climate, health
and ignorance of the medium.
c. Linguistic and cultural barriers pertain to the language and its cultural
environment. Words may mean another in different cultures.
d. Mechanical barriers are those raised by the channels employed for
interpersonal, group or mass communication. These include cellphones,
laptops and other gadgets used in communication.

The Nine Principles of Effective Communication

Michael Osborn (2009) claim that communication must meet certain standards for
effective communication to take place.
1. Clarity
Clarity makes speeches understandable. Fuzzy language is absolutely
forbidden, as are jargons, clichés expressions, euphemisms and doublespeak
language.
2. Concreteness
Concreteness reduces misunderstandings. Messages must be supported by fax
such as research data, statistics or figure. To achieve concreteness, abstract
words must be avoided.
3. Courtesy
Cord see courtesy builds goodwill. It involves being polite in terms of
approach and manner of addressing an individual.
4. Correctness
Glaring mistakes in grammar obscures the meaning of a sentence. Also, the
misuse of language can damage your credibility.
5. Consideration
Messages must be geared towards the audience. The sender of a message
must consider the recipients profession, level of education, race, ethnicity,
hobbies, interest, passions, advocacies and age when drafting or delivering a
message.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

6. Creativity
Creativity in communication means having the ability the craft interesting
messages in terms of sentence structure and word choice.
7. Conciseness
Simplicity indirectness help you to be concise. Avoid using lengthy expressions
and words that may confuse the recipient.
8. Cultural Sensitivity
Today, with the increasing emphasis on empowering diverse cultures,
lifestyles, and races in the pursuit or gender equality, cultural sensitivity
becomes unimportant standard for effective communication.
9. Captivating
You must strive to make messages interesting command more attention and
better responses.

Ethical considerations in communications

Ethics is a branch of the lost city that of philosophy did that papa said focus S
focuses on issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

Ethical communicators:
1. Respect audience.
2. Consider the result of communication.
3. Value truth.
4. Use information correctly.
5. Did not falsify information.

TASK 2. WATCH AND TELL

Directions: Watch the video snippet of your favorite advertisement on

television or Youtube and analyse what information it presents.

1. What is the video snippet all about?

2. Who are the target audience of this video snippet? Explain.

3. Who are key persons involved in the video snippets? What are
their roles?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

4. How is the message conveyed? What media or channel is used to

present the information?
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Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

5. What do you think will be the reaction of the audience?

6. Is the message clearly presented? Explain.

Study the illustration below.

Let’s Evaluate!

1. Through a slogan, state how the knowledge of the communication process

aids people in communicating effectively.
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(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 2

Communication Models

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

At the end of the lesson, the students must have identified and created
examples for the different models of communication

Concept: Communication Models

What is a Model?

A model is widely used to depict any idea, thought or a concept in a simpler way
through diagrams, pictorial representations etc. Models go a long way in making the
understanding of any concept easy and clear. Through a model one can easily understand a
process and draw conclusions from it. In simpler words a model makes the learning simple.

Communication Models

A. Aristotle Model of Communication

Aristotle’s Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be

broadly divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion,
Audience and Effect.

The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model as the speaker has the
most important role in it and is the only one active. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

speech to the audience. The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This
makes the communication process one way, from speaker to receiver.

The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according to the target audience and
situation (occasion). The speech must be prepared so that the audience be persuaded or
influenced from the speech.

He believed “rhetoric” is the study of communication and persuasion and different

message or speech should be made for different audiences at different situations to get
desired effects or to establish propaganda. This model was highly used to develop public
speaking skills and create a propaganda at that time so, it is less focused on intrapersonal or
interpersonal communication.

Even if the model is speaker oriented and focuses on audience interaction in

communication, there is no concept of feedbacks.

For instance, a politician (speaker) gives a speech to get votes from the civilians
(audience) at the time of election (occasion). The civilians only vote if they are influenced by
the things the politician says in his speech so the content must be very impressive to
influence the mass and the speaker must design the message very carefully.

The speech must be clear as well as the speaker must have a very good non-verbal
communication with the audience like eye contact. This example is a classic case of Aristotle
Model of Communication depicting all the elements in the model.

Critical Elements of a Good Communicator

Aristotle has given 3 elements that must be present in a good communicator or public
speaker. These elements are related to each other and they reinforce the other elements.

Ethos is the characteristic which makes you credible in front of the audience. If there
is no credibility, the audience will not believe in you and will not be persuaded by you.
Expertise and positions also give credibility to a person.

For instance, the mass will not listen to the promises of a corrupt politician, but if a
politician is known for his good deeds, there’s a high change his speech will be heard.

Pathos

If what you say matters to them and they can connect with it, then they will be more
interested and they will think you are more credible. Emotional bonds will make the audience
captivated and they feel the speaker is one of their own people.

For instance, if people of a village needs water and the politician tells them that he
will help in building roads, the people will not get influenced but might be more influenced if
he says he’ll build a dam for drinking water and irrigation.

Logos is logic. People believe in you only if they understand what you are trying to
say. People find logic in everything. If there is no logic behind the speaker’s work or time,
they do not want to get involved. Everybody has a sense of reason. You must present facts
to the audience for them to believe in you.

For example, a presenter using factual data in an awareness program will attract the
audience’s attention and will make them believe in the need of awareness in the particular
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

matter

Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model of Communication

There are few criticisms around this model. Some of them are

 There is no concept of feedback; it is one way from speaker to audience.

 There is no concept of communication failure like noise and barriers.
 This model can only be used in public speaking.

B. Berlo’s Model of Communication

In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR)

model of communication from Shannon Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949). He
described factors affecting the individual components in the communication making the
communication more efficient.

Components of Berlo’s Model of Communication

S -Sender

Sender is the source of the message or the person who originates the message. The
person or source sends the message to the receiver. The following are the factor related to
sender and is also the same in the case of receiver.

Communication Skills

Communication skills of a person are a factor that affects the communication process. If
the sender has good communication skills, the message will be communicated better than if
the sender’s communication skills are not good. Similarly, if the receiver cannot grasp the
message, then the communication will not be effective. Communication skills include the
skills to speak, present, read, write, listening, etc.

Attitude

The attitude of the sender and the receiver creates the effect of the message. The
person’s attitude towards self, the receiver and the environment changes the meaning and
effect of the message.

Knowledge
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(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

Familiarity with the subject of the message makes the communicated message have
its effect more. Knowledge on the subject matter makes the communicator send the
message effectively.

Social Systems

Values, beliefs, laws, rules, religion and many other social factors affect the sender’s
way of communicating the message. It creates difference in the generation of message.
Place and situation also fall under social systems.

Culture

Cultural differences make messages different. A person from one culture might find
something offensive which is very much accepted in another culture.

M-Message

A message is the substance that is being sent by the sender to the receiver. It might be in
the form of voice, audio, text, video or other media. The key factors affecting the message
are

Content
Content is the thing that is in the message. The whole message from beginning to end is
the content.

Elements
Elements are the non verbal things that tag along with the content like gestures, signs,
language, etc.

Treatment
Treatment is the way in which the message is conveyed to the receiver. Treatment also
effects the feedback of the receiver.

Structure
The structure of the message or the way it has been structured or arranged, affects the
effectiveness of the message.

Code
Code is the form in which the message is sent. It might be in the form of language, text,
video, etc.

C-Channel

Channel is the medium used to send the message. In mass communication and other
forms of communication, technical machines might be used as a channel like telephone,
internet, etc. But in general communication, the five senses of a human being is the channel
for the communication flow and it affects the effectiveness of the channel.

Hearing – We receive the message through hearing.

Seeing – We perceive through seeing. We also get non-verbal messages by seeing.

Touching – Many of the non-verbal communication happens from touching like holding
hands.

Smelling – We collect information from smelling.

West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

Tasting – Taste also provides the information to be sent as a message.

R- Receiver

Receiver is the person who gets the message sent in the process. This model believes that
the thinking pattern and all other factors mentioned above must be in sync to that of the
sender for the communication to be effective. The message might not have the same effect
as intended if the receiver and sender are not similar. The receiver must also have a very
good listening skill. Other factors are similar to that of the sender.

Communication skills

Attitudes

Knowledge

Social Systems

Culture

Criticisms of Berlo’s SMCR Model

 There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered.

 There is no concept of noise or any kind of barriers in communication process.
 It is a linear model of communication, there is no two way communication.
 Both of the people must be similar according to all the factors mentioned above.

C. Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

Shannon Weaver model of communication was created in 1948 when Claude Elwood
Shannon wrote an article “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in Bell System
Technical Journal with Warren Weaver.

Shannon was an American mathematician whereas Weaver was a scientist. The

Mathematical theory later came to be known as Shannon Weaver model of communication or
“mother of all models.” This model is more technological than other linear models.
West Visayas State University
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Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
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Concepts in Shannon Weaver Model

Sender (Information source) – Sender is the person who makes the message,
chooses the channel and sends the message.

Encoder (Transmitter) –Encoder is the sender who uses machine, which converts
message into signals or binary data. It might also directly refer to the machine.

Channel –Channel is the medium used to send message.

Decoder (Receiver) – Decoder is the machine used to convert signals or binary data
into message or the receiver who translates the message from signals.

Receiver (Destination) –Receiver is the person who gets the message or the place
where the message must reach. The receiver provides feedback according to the message.

Noise –Noise is the physical disturbances like environment, people, etc. which does
not let the message get to the receiver as what is sent.

Explanation of Shannon Weaver Model

The sender encodes the message and sends it to the receiver through a technological
channel like telephone and telegraph. The sender converts the message into codes
understandable to the machine. The message is sent in codes through a medium.

The receiver has to decode the message before understanding it and interpreting it.
The receptor machine can also act as a decoder in some cases. The channel can have noise
and the receiver might not have the capacity to decode which might cause problems in
communication process.

Here, for instance, brain might be the sender, mouth might be the encoder which
encodes to a particular language, air might be the channel, another person’s ear might be
the receptor and his brain might be the decoder and receiver.

Similarly, air is the channel here, the noise present in his environment that disturbs
them is the noise whereas his response is the feedback. There were only 5 components
when the model was made. Noise was added later.

As Shannon was an engineer, this model was first made to improve technical
communication, mainly for telephonic communication. It was made to maximize telephone
capacity with minimum noise.

Later, Weaver applied it for all kind of communications to develop effective

communication and the model became famous as Shannon Weaver model. In engineering,
Shannon’s model is also called information theory and is used academically to calculate
transmission through machines and also has a formula.

Example of Shannon Weaver Model

A businessman sends a message via phone text to his worker about a meeting
happening about their brand promotion. The worker does not receive the full message
because of noise. It goes like this:
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Businessman: We have a meeting at the office (“at 8 am” goes missing due to
phone network disruption or noise)

Worker (feedback): At what time?

Here,

Sender: Businessman

Encoder: Telephone network company

Channel: Mobile network

Noise: Missing text due to disruption

Decoder: Mobile phone

Receiver: Worker

The transmission error is the noise in this case. The feedback lets the businessman
know that the message reached incomplete. The receiver gets the chance to get the full
message only after his feedback.

Levels of Communication Problems

There are three levels of problems of communication according to Shannon Weaver. They
are:

1. Technical problem –How a channel causes a problem

2. Semantic problem –Is the meaning of message sent and received very different

3. Effectiveness problem –How effectively does the message cause reaction

Advantages of Shannon Weaver Model

 Concept of noise helps in making the communication effective by removing the noise
or problem causing noise.
 This model takes communication as a two way process. It makes the model
applicable in general communication.
 Communication is taken as quantifiable in Shannon Weaver model.

Criticisms of Shannon Weaver Model

 It can be applied more for interpersonal communication than group communication

and mass communication.
 Receiver plays the passive part in the communication process as sender plays the
primary role that sends messages.
 Feedback is taken as less important in comparison to the messages sent by the
sender.
 The model is taken by some critics as a “misleading misrepresentation of the nature
of human communication” as human communication is not mathematical in nature.
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Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

D. Schramm’s Model of Communication

It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something circular in nature

Encoder – Who does encoding or Sends the message (message originates)

Decoder – Who receives the message
Interpreter – Person trying to understand (analyses, perceive) or interpret

From the message starting to ending, there is an interpretation goes on. Based on
this interpretation, only the message is received.

This model breaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a
practical way. It is not a traditional model.

It can happen within our self or two people; each person acts as both sender and
receiver and hence uses interpretation. It is simultaneously take place e.g. encoding,
interpret and decoding.

Semantic noise is a concept introduced here it occurs when sender and receiver apply
different meaning to the same message. It happens mostly because of words and phrases
for e.g. Technical Language, So certain words and phrases will cause you to deviate from the
actual meaning of the communication.

When semantic noise takes place decoding and interpretation becomes difficult and
people get deviated from the actual message.

Advantage of Osgood- Schramm’s model of communication

1. Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change

2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part
3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person
4. Assume communication to be circular in nature
5. Feedback – central feature.
West Visayas State University
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Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
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Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm’s model of communication

This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of
encoding and decoding.

E. Helical Model of Communication

“If you’re born today, you’ve limited expressions”- Frank Dance

Frank Dance proposed a communication model inspired by a helix in 1967, known as

Helical Model of Communication. A helix is a three dimensional spring like curve in the shape
of a cylinder or a cone.

Frank Dance proposed a communication model inspired by a helix in 1967, known as

Helical Model of Communication. A helix is a three dimensional spring like curve in the shape
of a cylinder or a cone.

Concept of Helical Model of Communication

Helical model of communication introduces the concept of time where continuousness

of the communication process and relational interactions are very important. Communication
is taken as a dynamic process in helical model of communication and it progresses with age
as our experience and vocabulary increases.

At first, helical spring is small at the bottom and grows bigger as the communication
progresses. The same effect can be seen with communication of humans, where you know
nothing about a person at first and the knowledge grows steadily as you know the person
better. It considers all the activities of the person, from the past and present.

Communication is affected by the curve from which it emerges which denotes past
behavior and experiences. Slowly, the helix leaves its lower levels of behavior and grows
upward in a new way. It always depends on the lowest level to form the message. Thus, the
communicative relationship reaches to the next level in which people share more
information.

Example of Helical Model of Communication

A child crying at birth signifies the communication of the child to its parents that
he/she is alive. After some years, the child cries whenever the child needs anything like food
or attention. He/she learns words and starts communicating with words.

The child learns specific languages and communicates with the people who know the
language that he/she knows. Communication becomes more complex as the child grows into
adult and to the existing moment. The adult uses the same pronunciations and use of words
or facial expressions that he/she learned when he/she was a child. Communication is directly
dependent on his/her past behavior as a child but can also modify as the person grows.

In this example, communication evolves with the child crying. This is where the helix
is small at the bottom. And he continues communication, the helix gradually grows. When
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the communication becomes more complex, the spiral grows wider. From then on, it grows
steadily as his life goes on.

Advantages of Helical Model of Communication

 The model assumes sender and receiver to be interchangeable and makes

communication process to be two way.
 The model takes the communication process speculative and intellectual.

Disadvantages of Helical Model of Communication

 The model is taken as more simple than it should be.

 Some critics don’t take it to be a model as it has very few variables.
 It is not testable because it is abstract.
 It is not represent in a systematic and orderly way.
 Variables cannot be differentiated in this model.
 Continuity may not always be true for communication. There might be breaks in
situations as well as events can be meaningless, forced or unproductive.
 The purpose of communication is not always growth.

Helix is compared with evolution of communication of a human since birth to existence

or existing moment. Helical model gives geometrical testimony of communication. The model
is linear as well as circular combined and disagrees the concept of linearity and circularity
individually.

TASK 1. IDENTIFY ME

Given the following situations, identify the communication models

employed.

1. graduation speaker inspires the audience-

2. telephone conversation-
3. the individual grows and accumulate knowledge-
4. class valedictorian delivers a message-
5. the auience asks questions to the lecturer-

Give two examples of situations for each communication model.

[Link]
a._____________________________________________________
b._____________________________________________________
2. Berlo
a._____________________________________________________
b._____________________________________________________
3. Shannon and Weaver
a._____________________________________________________
b._____________________________________________________
4. Schramm
a._____________________________________________________
b._____________________________________________________
5. Helical
a._____________________________________________________
b._____________________________________________________
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(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
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Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
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LESSON 3

Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

At the end of the lesson, the students must have described and applied the
functions of verbal and non-verbal communications and multicultural contexts.

Concept: Verbal and Non–Verbal Codes

A code is any systematic arrangement or comprehensive collection of symbols,

letters, or words that has an arbitrary meaning and is used for communication.

Verbal codes – Consists of words and their grammatical arrangement

Non Verbal codes- include almost everything that communicates something

to others except for the language use (Koch, 1992).

Broad Areas of Non-verbal Communication

1. Kinesics – is the study of how the body, face and eyes communicate..
Most popularly it is referred to as body language. Kinesics include the
following: gestures, posture, physical appearance, and facial expressions.
2. Proxemics – refers to the use of time and space.
3. Paralangauge - is the way we say things. Vocal elements such as
volume, rate, pitch, force, can either reinforce or contradict the verbal
messages we are sending.

TASK 1. VERBAL vs. NON-VERBAL

A. Differentiate each situation as verbal or non verbal.

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1. the anchorman presents a report- ______________________

2. the baby cries- ______________________
3. the audience laughs- ______________________
4. teacher asks his students- ______________________
5. I say hello by waving my hands- ______________________

Let’s Evaluate!

Essay: Why verbal and non-verbal language complement each other?

(5 points)

LESSON 1

Cultural and Global Issues in Communication

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

At the end of the lesson, the students must have explained how cultural and
global issues affect communication and aappreciate the impact of communication
on society and the world.

Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

Concept: Concept: Cultural and Global Issues in Communication

Connecting with people on the other side of the world is now much easier than
it was a few years ago. Satellites, fiber-optic cables and the internet make it effortless
to share information with those in different time zones and locations. Global
communication is directly affected by the process of globalization, and helps to
increase business opportunities, remove cultural barriers and develop a global
village. Both globalization and global communication have changed the
environmental, cultural, political and economic elements of the world.

Cultural and Global Issues affects communication by the means of

its affectivity on the people itself. It may be affecting us individually or as a
group therefore may spark miscommunications or positive interactions.
In Cultural issues, we may use as an example our language barrier in
our own country. Since there are many languages inside the Philippines
that are unknown to some and only accessible to particular types of people
either the natives or people who grew up on that place. Through these
language barriers we sometimes:

1. Find it hard to interact

2. Hard to come to an understanding
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(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
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3. Or hard to communicate overall

But amidst all these complicating things it isn’t that much of an issues
since we Filipino people are very adaptable not just to other people but also
the new environment we are currently living in. Another example of cultural
issue is our unique way of thinking and understanding situations that may
be included or be the subject of communication.
When we always knew the city life we are more on being well-
educated on the vast society with various use of technologies and city living
conditions (like knowing the streets; people’s sole thought of earning money
and living another day to work) on the other hand of things there is the rural
living. Living in the provinces is much calming and stale as if you really are
taking on a fresh air and vacation. It is much different than the city folks.
Difference in thinking of City folks and Provincial Folks:

1. City folks are much more knowledgeable on the street life

2. Provincial folks are much more knowledgeable on the provincial life
(e.g. farm, minimal pollution, harvesting and earning your own food through
the means of vegetation)

For the global issues to affect communication this may include:

 Also the language barrier- only few people may know their language
to speak or to write
 The difference of government system-government system also affects
communication since it mostly makes the decisions to either allow or enable
its citizens to have knowledge and ability to communicate to other people
from outside their jurisdiction
 The sudden rise of issues in specific countries- this may affect
communication in ways such as banning people from their countries or by
cutting communications due to a much larger issue that made that particular
area inaccessible for people

Global Issues are pretty vague and can only be considered an issue
that affects communication, subjectively on the people. Or it is considered
a threat more than an issue then it is no longer up to the mass population to
decide.

TASK 1. Globalization and Communication

in Focus
Directions:

1. Watch the video clips about TED Talks, “Connected but Alone”, “How social media
can make history” and “Wiring a web for global good.” If these videos are not available,
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

look for inspirational speeches. You may get your topic from a book or reading materials
available to you.
2. Write an essay about your reflection, stand, or opinion about the video clips watched or
reading materials you read.
3. Be guided by the criteria in crafting your essay.
4. Provide a separate sheet for your reflection.

CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL

Focus/ Content (states clear position at the

beginning until the end of the work; topic captures
the readers’ attention)
Persuasive Techniques used (uses strong and
effective persuasive techniques and details
support the thesis and the stand of the writer)
Development/Organization (has strong
organizational plan; has logically arranged
statements from the most important to the least
important or vice versa; develops the topic
thoroughly with examples and supports)
Clarity of ideas (presents clear and sound
arguments and evidences are evident)
Emphasis ( has interesting and attention-
grabbing introduction; has strong conclusion that
includes a call to action)
Language Mechanics and Convention (
displays minor, error in spelling, punctuation,
grammar and they vary in structure)
Completeness (provides complete outputs all
throughout the class)
Creativity (shows ingenuity and uniqueness in
writing)
Total

Legend: Rating - Description

5- Excellent
4- Very Impressive
3- Impressive
2- Convincing
1- Beginning
Formula= F+PT+D+Cl+E+L+Co+Cr= Total / 8 = 5

TASK 2. SPEAK UP YOUR THOUGHT

Directions: What situations depict communication and globalization?

Discuss your contention through explanations, examples, and illustrations.
(10 points)

___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________.

Let’s Evaluate!

Essay: Discuss your contention.

How is the world connected?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 2

Communication: It’s Impact on Society and the

World

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

 At the end of the lesson, the students must have appreciated the impact of
communication on society and the world.

Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

Let’s Warm- up!

Directions: Guess which brand of each of the following logo designs

represents. Write your answer on the space provided.

_

De- briefing Questions

1. What are the new communication technologies?

2. How do these new technologies affect the way we
communicate today?
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

CONCEPT: Communication and Globalization

As discussed in previous chapter, communication is essential for personal and

professional effectiveness. Further, it helps establish good relationships, creates a
better working environment, strengthens collaboration and cooperation, and unifies
conflicting ideas.
The term “globalization”, on the other hand, is very complex to define
because different scholars and institutions view it differently. Nonetheless, the basic
concept of globalization is the expansion and integration of the cultural, political,
economic, and technological domains of countries. This reflects that the world is
borderless, and the countries are interconnected and interdependent. For example,
the United States of America (chevron, Starbucks and McDonalds), Japan (Toyota
and Honda) and the Philippines (Jollibee and Bench) have local companies that have
expanded overseas and have become transnational or multinational.
With the advent of globalization associated with advanced technologies and
systems across regions, the flow of information and communication has become
smoother, faster and easier. Plus, business transactions and partnerships among
local and international institutions have become more efficient. One best example is
the use of electronic mail (e-mail) such as Gmail and Yahoo Mail, or social media
networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Consequently, the context of globalization requires effective communication
skills from students and workers to cope with the demands and challenges brought
about by this phenomenon. This includes communicating effectively with people of
different background, age, culture, gender, beliefs, orientations, preferences, and
status.

How to Communicate Effectively in a Global Society

1. Express your ideas effectively in verbal, non- verbal, and written forms
in neither digital nor non- digital environment or both.
2. Use effective listening skills to evaluate arguments and rationalize
judgments, and improve job- effectiveness and work relationship.
3. Communicate with purpose to a variety of audiences.
4. Promote collaboration and cooperation with others.
5. Understand the concept of diversity and promote respect all the time.
6. Use technology and social media responsibility.

TASK 1: Let’s Check your Comprehension!

Directions: Write E on the blank if the statement defines effective communication in

a global society. Otherwise, write NE.

____1. You are able to articulate information or thoughts using verbal, non- verbal
and written forms in any situations.
____ 2. You are able to communicate not only through speech or text, but also
through multiple multimedia forms.
____ 3. You are able to communicate well with people of diverse backgrounds.
____ 4. You are proficient in comparing, contrasting, evaluating, synthesizing, and
applying ideas with less or without supervision.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

____ 5. You demonstrate working effectively with others and sharing your ideas and
knowledge with them with respect.
____ 6. You have the ability to express your ideas in solving complex problems.
____ 7. You listen effectively to make a sound argument.
____ 8. You post ideas and comments on social media and take accountability for
the outcomes.
____ 9. You practice personal accountability, environmental and global awareness,
empathy, tolerance, and respect.
____ 10. You think and work creatively on complex situations to arrive at sound
conclusions and communicate them in both digital and non- digital forms.

Let’s Evaluate!

1. Watch closely the video “wiring a web for global good” by Gordon Brown
[Link]
2. Write an essay containing your reaction of the message conveyed in the video. Your
paper should have the following components:
 The summary
 Two to three major points from the video that you want to discuss in your paper.
These major points could be lessons learned, specific idea you agreed on, and
specific idea you disagreed on.
 Provide each point with a real life example/s as a support
 Relate your points to your field of study.
3. Use the following format: MS Word, short bond paper, Times New Roman, Font size
12, 1.5 spacing, and 1- inch margin on all sides.

Rubric for Reaction Paper

1. The purpose is communicated properly.

2. The paper contains the required
components.
3. The major points have sufficient
supporting details such as relevant data
or examples.
4. The major points are started clearly.
5. The paper uses effective transitional and
cohesive devices.
6. The paper is free from grammatical
lapses.
7. The mechanics are connect.
8. The paper follows the format.
Total

Legend:
VGE- To a very great extent; GE- To a great extent; SE- To some extent; LE- To a
little extent; N- Not at all.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 1

Intercultural Communication

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

 At the end of the lesson, the students must have adopted cultural and
intercultural awareness and sensitivity in communication of ideas.

Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

 Cite example on how to enhance one’s ability to communicate with people from diverse
culture.
 Create a three-to four-minute presentation about various culture modes of
communication of a certain country.

Let’s Warm- up!

How do you get to communicate effectively across cultures? Indicate whether you agree or disagree
with each of the following statements:

1. I am interested in interacting with people who are both like me and different from me.
2. I am sensitive to the concerns of all minority and majority groups I our multicultural country
3. I can sense when persons from other cultures seem not to understand me or get confused by
my actions.
4. I have no fear communicating with persons from both minor and major cultural groups.
5. People from other cultures may get angry with my cultural affiliates.
6. I deal with conflicts with people from other cultures depending on the situation and their
cultural background.
7. My culture is inferior to other cultures.
8. I can manage my behavior when dealing with people of different cultures.
9. I show respect to the diverse communication practices of other people.

Note: The more number of agreements you have indicates the more prepared you are in expanding
you communication arena by welcoming people from different culture.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

Intercultural communication

Intercultural communication refers to interaction with people from diverse cultures (Jandt, 1998)

Forms of Intercultural Communication (Jandt, 1998)

1. Interracial communication – communicating with people from different races Interethnic

communication – interacting with people of different ethnic origins.
2. International communication – communicating between representatives from different
nations.
3. Intracultural communication – interacting with members of the same racial or ethnic group
or co-culture.

According to Gamble and Gamble (2008), communication style among cultures differs; it may
be high-context or low-context communication.

High-context communication is a tradition-linked communication system which adheres

strongly to being indirect. Low-context communication is a system that works on
straightforward communication.

Improving Intercultural Communication Competence

The following guidelines may help you enhance your ability to communicate effectively
across cultures (Gamble & Gamble, 2008).

1. Recognize the validity and differences of communication styles among people.

2. Learn to eliminate personal biases and prejudices.

3. Strive to acquire communication skills necessary in a multicultural world.

TASK 1

In what specific ways can you enhance your ability to communicate with people from diverse
cultures?

Let’s Evaluate!

1. “Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs
keep them apart.” (Confucius) Do you agree or disagree? Give concrete situations to support
your stand.

2. Identify a country where graduates of your program or filed of specialization are in demand.
Research on the various cultural modes of communication that a newly hired employee in that
country should remember. Based on your research, prepare a three- to four-minute
presentation.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 2

Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written

Language

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

 At the end of the lesson, the students must have applied varieties and
registers of spoken and written language in proper context.


Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

1. applied the varieties and registers of spoken and written language in the proper context.

Let’s Warm- up!

How do you greet your best friend? Your mother? Your teacher? Your school dean?

Do your ways of greeting these people vary?

Varieties of Spoken and Written Language

The spoken mode is often associated with everyday registers while the written mode is strongly
associated with academic registers. However, this is not always true. For instance, in everyday
communication, face-to-face conversation are usually supplemented by text messaging. In academic
context, significant forms of oral communication are used along with written communication.
Significantly, both every day and academic communications are characterized by multi-modality or
the use of multiple modes of communication, including spoken, written modes and images, music,
video, gestures, etc.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

Lin (2016) presents the following nature of language variation as prescribed by most linguists’ based
on the ideas of mahboob (2014).

1. Language varies when communicating with people within (local) and outside (global) our
community.
2. Language varies in speaking and in writing.
3. Language varies in everyday and specialized discourse.

Mahboob (2014) identifies eight different domains in which language varies depending on
the combinations of different values on the three dimensions (field tenor and mode) of the
context of communication.

The first four domains include language variations that reflect local usage done in one local
language or multiple local languages depending on the context. They vary in the following
ways:

1. Local everyday written

This may include instances of local everyday written usage found in the neighborhood posters
(e.g. a poster looking for transients\bed spacers).

2. Local everyday oral may occur in local communication among neighbors in everyday,
informal and local varieties of languages.
3. Local specialized written
An example of local specialized written usage can be found in the publications and web sites
of local societies such as the Baguio Midland Courier.
4. Local specialized oral involves specialized discourses. For example, in a computer shop in the
neighborhood, specialized local usage can be found (e.g. specialized computer game-related
vocabulary is used).
On the other hand, the other four domains involve global usage. These four domains of
language usage differ from the first four domains since they refer to contexts of language
usage where participants need to communicate with people not sharing their local ways of
using language. They are follows:
5. Global everyday written avoids local colloquialisms to make the text accessible to wider
communicates of readers. This can be found in international editions of newspapers and
magazines.
6. Global everyday oral may occur in interactions between people coming from different parts
of the world when they talk about everyday casual topics.
7. Global specialized written expands to as many readers internationally, hence the non-usage
of local colloquial expressions (e.g. international research journal articles)
8. Global specialized oral occur when people from different parts of the world discuss
specialized topics in spoken form ([Link]. paper presentation sessions in an international
academic conference).

TASK 1. FIRMING UP

1. In what situations are the local and global varieties of spoken language used?

2. What registers are appropriate to such situations?

West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

TASK 2. CONCRETIZING

1. Read the letter to the editor in a day’s paper, listen to a radio broadcast and watch people in
conversation at a food chain. What registers are they using? What features identify them as
those registers? Why do you think the speakers chose those registers?

Let’s Evaluate!

Introspecting

Journal writing. Why it is important to uses appropriate varieties and registers of language
in certain communication context?
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 1

Key Concepts of Media Literacy Framework

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

 At the end of the lesson, the students must have evaluate multimodal texts
critically to enhance receptive (listening, reading, viewing) skills using Key
Concepts of Media Literacy Framework.

CONCEPT: EVALUATING MESSAGES

*The importance of evaluating the effectiveness of our messages is by developing and using
strategic questions to identify strengths and weaknesses

FOUR MAIN QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE MESSAGES

1. Simplicity
2. Specificity
3. Structure
4. Stickiness

” STRATEGIES FOR EVALUATING A MESSAGE “

– In order to evaluate whether a message is effective, we can ask ourselves a series of
questions which reflect a messages simplicity, specificity, structure and stickiness.

1. SIMPLICITY
* In order to ensure that our messages have simplicity, we should
ask ourselves two questions:
– is my purpose evident?
– Is my core message clear?

2. SPECIFICITY
*Refers to our choices of language and its usage on order to ensure
language is specific we may ask ourselves:
– Is my language specific?
– is my language concrete, rather than abstract?
– am i suing words which have additional meanings and could perhaps be misconstrued?

3. STRUCTURE
*Ideas should be organized and easy to follow.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

– Does my messages have a STRUCTURE?

– is there a more effective way to arrange my ideas?

4. STICKINESS

“EVALUATING IMAGES”

* It is important to critically evaluate images you use for research, study and
presentation images should be evaluated like any other source, such as journal articles or
books, to determine their quality, reliability and appropriateness. Visual analysis is an
important step in evaluating an image and understanding its meaning and also. There are
three steps of evaluating an image and these are:

1. Identifying the source

2. Interpreting contextual information
3. Understanding implications

“CONTENT ANALYSIS”

 What do you see?

 What is the image all about?
 Are their people in the image?
 What are they doing?
 How are they presented?
 Can the image be looked at different ways?
 How effective is the image as a visual message?

“VISUAL ANALYSIS”

 How is the image composed?

 What’s in the background and what is in the foreground?
 What are the most important visual?

“IMAGE SOURCE”

 Where did you find the image?

 What information does the source provide about the origins of the image?
 Is the source reliable and trustworthy?
 Was the image found in an image database or was it being use in another context to
convey meaning?

“TECHNICAL QUALITY”

 Is the image large enough to suit your purposes?

 Are the color, light and balance, true?
 Is the image a quality digital image without pixelation or distortion?
 Is the image in a file format you can use?

“CONTEXTUAL INFO”

 What information accompanies the image?

 Does the text change how you see the image? How?
 Is the textual information intended to be factual, informative or is
intended to influence what and how you see?
 What kind of context does the information provide?
 Does it answer the questions where, how and why?

[Link]
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

TASK 1. SPEAK YOUR THOUGHTS

What information or message does a picture present? Discuss it based on your

own perception and understanding as you relate this to your experience.

[Link]

Your answer here...

Photo: UNICEF/UNI341697

Your answer here...

Photo:

UNHCR/Allana Ferreira

Your answer here...

TASK 2. SAY SOMETHING ABOUT WHAT YOU READ

Directions: Read the given essays below and discuss what information
they want to convey. You may use extra bondpaper for this task and write
the title of the essay and the information it conveys.

Moving Mountains: Faith, Prayer, and Love

Oct. 23, 2020, by Roberto Atienza

"If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if
I have a faith that can move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing."
(1 Corinthians 13:2, NIV)

Make no mistake, your prayers, faith, and love have been moving mountains! Last
month I had mentioned a deep concern felt by all of us at CSC; that the partial closure of
government offices would make it difficult, if not impossible, for us to process paperwork and
manage the cases of our children. Travel restrictions, quarantine protocols, and roadblocks
(literally speaking) have hindered our team's ability to submit paperwork and gather needed
information. The pandemic has limited the functional capacity of DSWD (the Department of
Social Welfare and Development) and ICAB (the Inter-Country Adoption Board), affecting our
ability to work with them on receiving referrals of new children and/or advocating for the
matching of our current children with prospective adoptive parents.

But we have a talented and proactive team, faithful and diligent supporters (like all of
you!), and a God that is always at work, moving us forward in our mission to serve and
provide a loving, Christ-centered home for homeless Filipino children. Your prayers are being
felt; coupled with your faith and love, your prayers are moving mountains! We can't thank
you enough for being a part of what the Lord is doing.

Government offices have been opening with a reduced workforce, and new virtual
procedures (utilizing Zoom and Skype) have been developed for us to advocate for our kids
before DSWD and ICAB. And, in what can only be described as a miracle, there is now some
movement when it comes to international placements, and even international travel, for
prospective adoptive parents. At present, the Philippine government is prohibiting foreign
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

nationals from traveling to the islands, with very few exceptions. It is amazing, and an
answered prayer, that the national government and ICAB would consider the needs of
prospective adoptive families from overseas, adding them to the list of exceptions for travel.

There are still many hurdles to jump. Local matching (that is, matching done with
prospective adoptive families within the Philippines) is happening at a fraction of the pace
that it was before the pandemic. We also have yet to go through the process of welcoming
an international adoptive family and navigate everything that entails (getting them through
roadblocks and checkpoints, etc.). Please continue praying with us as we make our plans
and preparations, and PRAISE GOD for the doors He has already opened!

Last but not least, please pray for the people of Cebu. Heavy rains have already
caused a lot of flooding in and around the city. It is also evident that the pandemic will
reverse years of progress that the city, and the country, has made towards reducing extreme
poverty. Recent reports show that around 2 million more Filipinos will slide into poverty this
year, with estimates stating that 22.4% of the country's population will drop, or remain,
below the poverty line. Pray that we can continue sharing the love of Christ in word and
indeed through this unique time.

What’s the text all about?

Lockdown Victories
Oct. 7, 2020, by Jinkee Reasoner

Space is something we Filipinos don't care too much about. To name a few
examples: our houses our built right next to each other; there is minimal to non-existent
personal space; shoppers are literally rubbing elbows at the biggest public market in the city;
and passengers are squished inside a small jeepney.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

But space is something our founders thought an important factor when building a
child-caring center. During this pandemic time, where children are prohibited to go out of
their homes, our children are still able to "go out" of their homes. They are still able to enjoy
a game of soccer and kickball in our huge playground. Our toddlers are still able to ride their
scooters on our driveways. Our children are still able to run around and chase each other in
a game of tag. The space we have makes the lockdown endurable for everyone.

Employing 100+ Filipino workers is an evidence of CSC's commitment to the children

it serves. This means we have people who can do the job for our children. This means our
children can be children again and not worry about adult responsibilities.

But this lockdown gave our children the opportunity to step up. Older children looking
after the younger ones, children cooking dessert and meals for the home, children leading
praise and worship nights, older children taking on their responsibilities whole-heartedly. We
are proud of the small and big victories are children are achieving.

Our house parents live on-site. We require that of them so our children will have that
constant adult figure in their lives. They have various tasks and responsibilities in the homes.
Just like any other parent, they too have different parenting styles. Being in lockdown gave
the chance for our house parents to talk more, share notes, and give each other encouraging
words. The house parents supporting each other lead to better parenting in our homes.
Happy parents equal to happy children.

This pandemic is discouraging at times, but we choose to celebrate the small and big
wins during this time.

What’s the text all about?

Connection During COVID-19

Aug. 13, 2020, by Social Work Team

In May 2019, after 40 years, we the Social Work team, were able to move our case
files and office to the building inside the compound of the residential shelter, where we were
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

able to join the rest of the multi-disciplinary team, which has always held office at the
shelter. Moving the office brought us hope of improving services by being closer to the
children and the rest of the multi-disciplinary team.

When COVID-19 caused CSC to call for employees to be locked-in, two of our three
Social Workers (Mardy and Glaiza) were able to volunteer to stay inside. Mardy and Glaiza
saw this as an opportunity to continue strengthening relationships with the children, work
more closely with the multi-disciplinary team, and dig into some pending files. Cris, the
remaining Social Worker, worked from home.

This pandemic posed challenges in case management. We knew it was important to

keep the children involved. During the annual Summer Activity Program given to the children
at CSC, we were given time to have a "Short Talk" or focused group discussion on an
overview of challenges in case management. This was conducted recently at the Medical
Building. It was attended by 32 children, ages 10 and above. It was facilitated by Mardy and
Glaiza.

During the Short Talk, the kids were observed to be engaged, listening, and
interested in the topic as they discussed how the challenges brought about by the pandemic
affected their future. The children learned that physical birth family visits were not possible
with government-imposed travel restrictions and health safety protocols of CSC, but that
connecting with birth family as approved, was to be done through telecommunication.

It was a time to affirm that we and multi-disciplinary team were doing our best to
continue to provide for the holistic needs of the children by adapting and learning new ways
to deliver services. This could be seen by Cris calling house parents and children on the
phone, counselors providing telecounseling, and therapy services adapted to be home-based
until therapists could be admitted inside the shelter after quarantine. Other staff, such as the
nurses and teachers, were also locked-in to ensure that the service was available to the
children. The children were encouraged as the social workers shared that they (along with
the multi-disciplinary team) were always looking at the individual needs of the child and
advocating for their best interests.

The children understood the challenges we faced to complete some requirements due
to travel restrictions or safety protocols and that this affected other professionals and offices
working on their cases as well. However, the children were assured that we were proactive
in lobbying for them. Social workers were in contact with government offices, including the
Department of Social Welfare and Development and Inter-Country Adoption Board. We were
learning new ways to submit Child Study Reports and to keep connected with other
professionals and agencies involved in case management. True to being advocates, it is at
the heart of the social work department to steward time and services available for the
benefit of the child regardless of the circumstance.

The rising concern among the older children at risk of aging out of adoption was
discussed. They expressed concern about what their future would hold and if that would be
together with CSC. It was explained that CSC had prepared for this by teaching the children
at the shelter life and independent living skills. The Independent Living Program was still a
residential shelter but with more in-depth training on these skills to help them transition out
to the community.

We can imagine the inner turmoil social workers and case workers, nationally and
around the globe, have at this time being unable to physically reach their clients or offices.
Our heart goes out to the children and families who have lost this connection and keep them
in our prayers.

Thankfully, at CSC, we have the option to be together with the children. We have
options that allow us to continue in our ministry commitment to provide children a temporary
shelter and case management. Being with them has allowed us to further think out of the
box and see areas we can continue to serve.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

This pandemic has highlighted challenges and blessings in connection. As social

workers in service to the children at CSC, the time to be with them has been an
encouragement to us. We are blessed to see how the children are growing, coping, and
learning during this season. We are grateful for this opportunity to be able to connect and be
readily available to them.

[Link]

What’s the text all about?

Let’s Evaluate!

ADVERTISEMENT FOR A CAUSE

Directions: Make an advertisement using a picture. You may use pictures

from magazines, internet and other sources. Don’t forget to cite the source
of your picture. Add information to the picture you have chosen.

Paste your picture and the information about the picture.

Answer the following:

1. What is the advertisement?

West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

2. Who are the intended audience?

3. Why do you think it is intended for that audience?

4. How can you convince the people to try, use, or believe in your product, advertisement, or
service?

5. What makes a very informative and appealing advertisement?

LESSON 1

Preparing a Multimedia Presentations

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

 At the end of the lesson, the students must have conveyed ideas through
oral, audio- visual, and/or web- based presentations for different presentations
for different target audiences in local nd global settings using appropriate
registers.

Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

1. discussed what a multimedia presentation is;
2. explained the tips in making a multimedia presentation;
3. created a multimedia presentation showcasing one’s culture.

Let’s Warm- up!

CONCEPT:

In today’s digital society, communication is mediated using technology. For communication

to be more effective, it is imperative to know how technology works, what purpose it can
serve and how it can be used efficiently and effectively used to achieve specific goals in the
communication process.
A multimedia presentation is a presentation that includes information presented with
slides, video, or digital representations and include sound which might be a narrative, music
or sound effects.
In preparing multimedia presentations for various communication purposes, it is
important to consider the following:

A. Characteristics of Multimedia Presentations

1. Multimedia presentations are visually oriented (displayed on a monitor or
projected onto a screen).
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

2. They allow users to use different modalities such as;

1. Text
2. Graphics
3. Photographs
4. Audio
5. Animation
6. Video
Special features of computer-based presentations
[Link] navigation (linking) between slides, to other media and to the
Internet
2. Can be uploaded into hard copy printouts or transparencies.
3. Can be uploaded to the Web

B. Steps in Making Effective Multimedia Presentations

1. Know the purpose of the presentation.
2. Know the audience.
3. Gather information.
4. Use variety of resources such as:
1. Textbooks
2. Digital resources
 Photographs
 Scanned images, student work
3. Internet
5. Do not forget to cite sources.
a. Write the author’s name, title of the work and date of publication.
b. Include the website or Web page address of the source.
c. In general, non-profit educational use of online materials for a lecture
qualifies as “fair use” but it is better to ask the author’s permission to use
such materials.
d. Always have full bibliographic references for all citations.
6. Organize the information.
a. List the main points.
b. Have only one main idea per slide.
c. Present ideas in a logical order.
d. Place important information near the top.
7. Check technical issues.
a. Contrast
 Dark text on light background
 White text on dark background
b. Use only one design and color scheme throughout the slide presentation.
c. Avoid clutter.
d. Avoid patterned or textured backgrounds.
e. Use large font size (minimum 18 pts)
f. Use fonts that are easy to read. Don’t use fancy fonts.
g. Don’t use more than two types of fonts.
h. Avoid too much text. Don’t use the presentation as your notes.
i. Use no more than 3 or 4 bullets per slide.
8. Be creative
a. Use transitions and animations to add interest.
b. But don’t overdo it!
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

TASK 1. LET’S CHECK!

Check the item that should be done in preparing a presentation.

_____ Use more than two types of fonts.

_____ Observe contrast.
_____ Include pictures and scanned images.
_____ Cite a variety of references.
_____ Gather information from a variety of sources.
_____ Vary designs to capture audience attention throughout the presentation.
_____ Use easy to read fonts.

TASK 2. LET’S DISCUSS!

1. In what ways can the different forms of communication (intrapersonal, interpersonal,

small group, public and mass) be enhanced with the aid of technology?

2. What modalities/ visual aids are used to enhance multimedia presentations?

3. Do you agree that the use of multimedia adds to the effectiveness of a speaker? How?

Let’s Evaluate!

I. Tell whether you agree or disagree to the following statements. Write A if you agree and D
if you disagree.

_____ 1. Effective multimedia presentations uses a variety of resources.

_____ 2. There is no need to cite sources in presentations; only important facts are focused.
_____ 3. On the technical aspect, observing contrast refers to using colored text on dark
background.
_____ 4. A power point presentation is also called a multimedia presentation.
_____ 5. Two or more ideas are used in a slide.
_____ 6. Animations when used excite learners or the audience.
_____ 7. Information presented can be better understood if they are well-organized
_____ 8. The presentation itself can serve as the speaker’s/ presenter’s notes so ample
information should be included.
_____ 9. Making presentations is just like writing a technical report. One must know his
audience and purpose.
_____10. For better understanding, list main ideas and present in logical order.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 2

Preparing Pecha Kucha Presentation

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

 At the end of the lesson, the students must have created a radio drama
presentation promoting one’s culture and tradition.
Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

1. presented a Pecha Kucha about one’s region.

CONCEPT: PECHA KUCHA PRESENTATION

Pecha Kucha is a 20-slide power point presentation which moves automatically to each
succeeding slide every after 20 seconds. The speaker must synchronize his speech with the
images. It started in Tokyo in 2003 designed by architects, Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham.
This presentation is very helpful to track of the time.

Watch how to make a Pecha Kucha presentation at

[Link]

Remember:

1. Open the power point. Select blank layout or simply CTRL N or Command N.
2. Duplicate the blank slides. Make sure that you have 20 blank slides.
3. Select all the slides (you can use CTRL A). Make sure to remove the check mark on
the “on mouse click” then modify the transition speed to 20 seconds.
4. Insert and resize images.

5. After saving the Pecha Kucha presentation, check the speed of transition. Make
sure that the saved speed for all slides is 20 seconds.

6. Practice your narration with the Pecha Kucha presentation. You can record your
narration in the power point presentation.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

TASK 1. Let’s Graph!

Using a graphic aid, illustrate how to create a Pecha Kucha presentation.

TASK 2. Let’s Discuss!

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the Pecha Kucha presentation.

Let’s Evaluate!

Written Output

Research the origin of Pecha Kucha presentation. Make your write up short. Include
only important details.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

LESSON 3

Blogging/ Vlogging

Let’s Achieve these!

General Target

 At the end of the lesson, the students must have created a blog/vlog
promoting one’s culture and
Specific Targets

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

1. created a blog promoting one’s unique culture and tradition

CONCEPT: Blogging

In today’s digital world, blogging has become one of the effective ways of communicating
and networking among students, professionals, businessmen, public officials, etc. In other
words, blogging has become an indispensable medium of communication. In the same
manner, blogging can be used effectively for academic purposes. According to Richardson
(2006), the use of blogs has been an engaging and effective way to promote writing skills of
primary students, particularly when student peers provide feedback to the blog.

What is a Blog?

A shortened form of weblog, blogs are personal journal websites on which a user can
type an entry and add images, videos and links to other websites. Usually, readers of a blog
can post comments.

Similar with essay writing, there are effective ways of introducing a blog. Read
Michael Pollock’s blog at [Link]

Remember to:

1. Be short and direct.

2. Ask a thought-provoking question.
West Visayas State University
(Formerly Iloilo Normal School)
JANIUAY CAMPUS
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Website: [Link] *Email Address: janiuay@[Link]

3. Ask a multiple-choice question.

4. Share a shocking fact or statistic.
5. Share something personal
6. Withhold a compelling piece of information.
7. Refute conventional wisdom.
8. Lead with a success story.
9. Start with a reader’s question.
10. Share a quote.

TASK 1. Let’s Discuss!

1. How can you use blogging to promote harmonious relationship with people?

2. Give other skills that can be developed through blogging and discuss how the skills are
developed.

3. If you are going to introduce yourself through a blog, how will you make the beginning
appealing to your readers? Write your own example of an interesting introduction
to your blog.

Let’s Evaluate!

I. Identification

__________1. An online journal or informational website displaying information and shares

views of a writer on individual subject

__________ 2. People who blog or write content for a blog.

______ 3. Blogs that are accompanied by videos are called_.

__________ 4. The primary skill that blogging develop

__________ 5. An adjective to describe an appealing intro to a blog.

II. Written Output

Feature a tradition that is unique in your community through a blog post.

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