CRIM 501 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
TERMINOLOGIES
Commutation of Sentence- Form of executive clemency which
changes or modifies the punishment to which person has been sentenced
to less severe one
-Reduction of the duration of a prison sentence of a prisoner
Probation Officer- The one who investigates for the court referral for
probation or supervises a probationer or both
Parole- It is the process of suspending the sentence of a convict after
having served the minimum of his sentence
Probation and Parole Administration- The agency of the
government which responsible to administer Presidential Decree 968, or
the Probation Law
Pardon- Form of executive clemency granted by the president as a
privilege extended to a convict as a discretionary act of grace.
Prison correctional- Duration of penalty of 6 months and 1 day to 6
years
Amnesty - Certain class of people who are usually political offenders. It
needs the concurrence of congress, and the courts also take judicial notice
of the act by the president.
Three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole officer-
The executive techniques, The guidance, counseling and leadership
techniques, and the manipulative techniques
Absconding probationer- An accused whose probation was granted
but failed to report for supervision within the period ordered by the court or
a probationer who fails to continue reporting for supervision.
Post-sentence investigation report- The investigation report to
be submitted by the probation officer under Sec 5 of probation law shall be
in form prescribe by the probation administration and approved by the
secretary of justice.
- No person shall be placed on probation except upon prior investigate
by probation officer
- The probation officer shall submit to the court the investigation report
on defendant not later than 60 DAYS from the receipt.
- The court shall resolve the petition for probation within 15 DAYS.
Executive clemency- Executive clemency refers to the commutation
of sentence granted by the president to pardon, amnesty, commutation, or
reprieve to individuals who have either been convicted of or may face the
prospect of conviction for a criminal offense.
Jail National Training Institute- The institution conducts training
program for uniformed personnel of BJMP.
Carpeta- Refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of
his mittimus, or commitment order issued by the Court
- National record of a prisoner in New Bilibid Prison.
Rehabilitation center for drug- Institution that is included under the
correction sub- system.
Pennsylvania system- The prison system called “Solitary system”
- Prisoners are confined in SINGLE CELLS and day and night, they
also required to read bible
Rehabilitation- A program of activity directed to restore and offenders
self-respect there by making him a law abiding citizen after serving his
sentence?
It refers to long-term medical and psychological care.
Benefit of the clergy- One of the earliest devises for softening brutal
severity of punishment through compromise with the church.
- This was the right in ecclesiastical court during the Middle Ages
particularly in England (40) Days.
-An old practice that might be claimed from that jurisdiction by the bishop or
chaplain representing him on the ground that he; the prisoner was the
subject to the authority of the ecclesiastical courts
Jail - A place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody and those
convicted of minor crimes
Strain theory - This theory assumes that people are law- abiding but
under great pressure they resort to crime.
Elmira Reformatory- It is a training school type of correctional
institution program, social case work and extensive use of parole system.
-Considered forerunner of modern penology
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology - The BJMP exercises
supervision and control over all cities and municipal jails throughout the
country.
Auburn System- This system was advocated by the American for the
reason that is cheaper to maintain
- “CONGREGATE SYSTEM”
- Confined in their cells during the night.
Domets of France - Established an agricultural colony for delinquent
boys and reformation system is based on re-education rather than force.
Davao Prison & Penal Farm - Considered as the highest income
earner among the Philippine Correctional Institution.
National or Insular prisoner - A person who is sentenced to serve a
prison term over three (3) years.
Bureau of Corrections- Institution that has general supervision and
control of all prisons and penal farms in the country and charged of the
safekeeping of all inmates.
Minimum security prisoners - A group of prisoners who can be
reasonably trusted to serve sentence under “Open conditions”
- WEARING BROWN COLOR UNIFORM
Medium Security prisoner- A group of prisoners who maybe
allowed to work outside the fence or walls of the penal institution under
guards or with escorts
- WEARING BLUE COLOR UNIFORM
• Maximum security prisoners- Group consist of chronic
troublemakers but not as dangerous as the super security prisoners, hence
they are not allowed to work outside the institution
- WEARING ORANGE/TANGERINE COLOR UNIFORM
Incorrigible- Best described a super maximum-security prisoner
Incapacitation- A correctional goal which refers to the offender is
rendered physically unable to commit a crime in the future.
Reformation- A modern justification for punishment which concludes
that society will be best protected if criminal offenders are rehabilitated.
John Howard- He introduced the Silent System of correction at the
Auburn Prison in 1831
Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm- The prison facility is located in
Occidental Mindoro and It consists of 16,190 hectares in Sablayan,
Occidental Mindoro.
- The penal colony is designed for minimum security prisoners.
- PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY and PRODUCT is AGRICULTURE and
product is AGRICULTURAL RICE.
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm- The Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in
Puerto Princesa is known as the "prison without walls,"
San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm- The old existing correctional
facility for national prisoners in the country having been establish in 1870
Quasi-recidivism- It refers to commission of another crime during the
service of sentences of penalty imposed for another previous offense.
Classical theory- It maintains the “Doctrine of psychological
hedonism” or “Free will” that the individual calculates pleasure and pain.
Counseling services- It is the core treatment program in a form of
group therapy which provide by professional staff
Custodial model- Models of correctional institutions emphasizes
security, discipline and order.
Corporal punishment- The practice of beating, torturing, maiming or
any form of causing pain to prisoners
Preparatory stage- This stage corresponds to the 60 DAYS
investigation period for petitioners for probation, parole, or executive
clemency.
Primary treatment phase- PHASE II, The focus of this primary
treatment is to effect behavioral change and develop client initiative and
self-discipline.
Orientation phase - PHASE I- ENTRY/ORIENTATION PHASE. This
phase undergo a series of examination to determine his physical, social
and psychological status. He/she AQUIRES UNDERSTANDING of the
program.
Vocational/Livelihood and Skills Training - The program includes
the setting up seminars and skills training classes like FOOD
PRESERVATION AND PROCESSING, CANDLE MAKING, NOVELTY
ITEMS, AND HANDICRAFTS MAKING.
Torture- The action or practice of inflicting severe pain or suffering on
someone as a punishment or in order to force them to do or say something
R.A 10368- Also known as the "Human Rights Victims Reparation and
Recognition Act of 2013″.
- AN ACT PROVIDING FOR REPARATION AND RECOGNITION OF
VICTIMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS DURING THE MARCOS
REGIME, DOCUMENTATION OF SAID VIOLATIONS, APPROPRIATING
FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Correction- A branch of the criminal Justice system concerned with the
custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders
- It is the study of jail/prison management and administration as well as
the rehabilitation and reformation of criminals. Considered as the
“WEAKEST PILLAR”
Delayed sentence- This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to
pursue his normal job during the week and return to the jail to serve his
sentence during the weekend or non-working hours
Justifications of punishment- The punishment should be provided
by the state whose sanction is violated, to afford the society or individual
the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might
be enforced.
-Retribution, Deterrence, and Expiration or atonement are the justifications
of punishment.
Deterrence- Principle that provides punishment of a convict prevents
others from performing similar actions for fear that they will be punished
similarly.
Budget and finance branch- Take charge of all financial matters
such as budgeting, financing, accounting, and auditing.
Detention Prisoner- The principle of provides that the punishment of a
convict prevents others from performing similar actions for fear that they
will be punished similarly
- A detainee in a lock up jail for investigation preliminary hearing or
awaiting trial.
City Prisoner - Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from
one (1) day to (3) yrs or a fine of not more than 1k
Municipal Prisoner- A person convicted and sentenced to serve for
not more than six (6) months
Provincial Prisoner- A person serving a sentence of six (6) months
and one (1) day to (3) years.
Exemplary- Giving punishment to a person in order to serve as an
example to others.
Most common problem of the National prison- The Excessive
number of escapes
-Lack of adequate funding
Diversification - the principle of separating homogeneous type of
prisoners that requires special treatment and custody.
- proper segregation of prisoners.
Factors considered in diversification are:
1. AGE - prisoners who are 18 years old and below should be segregated
from the older groups to prevent the youthful offenders from becoming
hardened criminals.
2. SEX - females and males are separated in separate institutions.
3. MEDICAL or MENTAL CONDITIONS - mentally ill, sexual
deviates, physically handicapped and hospital patients need to be
segregated from the prison population because each group needs special
kind of treatment.
4. DEGREE OF CUSTODY - is the most used factor for diversification
that is the extent of strict keeping necessary for the person in confinement.
City and Municipal Jails- Type of Jails under the Supervision of the
BJMP
Mess services branch- Take charge of the preparation of the daily
menu, prepares, and cook the food and serve to inmates.
Provincial jails- This is under the operational supervision of the agency
of the provincial Government
Mittimus - Warrant issued by the court directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive the convicted offender
- FOR SERVING SENTENCE
Custody- The maintenance or care and protection accorded to people
who by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated for violation of laws
and also those who were sentenced by the court to serve judgment is
called.
Classification- The process by which prisoners are assigned to types of
custody and treatment appropriate to their individual needs.
• Prescribed color of prison uniform
- SUPER MAXIMUM AND MAXIMUM – ORANGE/TANGERINE
- MEDIUM – BLUE
- MINIMUM – BROWN
- DETAINEE – GRAY
shakedown- Examination for Contraband upon arrival and before
admission of an inmate.
Reformation of offenders- Aside from protecting the public,
imprisonment has for its latest objective to reform the offender.
Camp Bukang Liwayway- All MINIMUM-SECURITY prisoners are
confined to this camp.
Camp Sampaguita- In the New Bilibid Prison, all MEDIUM SECURITY
prisoners are confined to this camp.
Disciplinary Board- Under the prison rules, who is charged for the
hearing of disciplinary cases in prison
function of the Custodial Division- Escort of inmates or prisoners is
the primary function of the custodial Division.
Imprisonment- The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of
protecting the public and at the same time rehabilitating them by requiring
the latter to undergo institutional treatment program.
The 7 Penal Institutions
- The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City.
- The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City.
- Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.
- Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro;
- San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City.
- Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte; and
- Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davao Province.
• Hammurabi Code
- The OLDEST CODE prescribing savage punishment.
Retribution- The punishment which affords the society or the individual
who was wronged, the opportunity to impose upon the offender such
suitable punishment as may be enforced.
- Refers to making a person accountable for offense committed, by
serving sentence, community service, fines, and other means.
Reintegration- The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in
mainstream of society rather than the usual abrupt re-entry at the end of a
prison sentence.
• House of Corrections
- The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City.
- The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City.
- Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.
- Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro;
- San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City.
- Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte; and
- Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davao Province
Reprieve- A TEMPORARY STAY OF THE EXECUTION of sentence
especially the execution of the death sentence
Board of Pardons and Parole- Agency of the government
evaluates the prisoner’s fitness and qualification for the grant of pardon and
parole.
PD 603- The child and youth Welfare Code of 1974.
Probation- he release of an offender from detention, subject to a period
of good behavior under supervision.
Probation Officer- Provide support to offenders on probation. They
help offenders with rehabilitation and transitioning to life outside prison, and
protect the community by assessing the risk of further offending.
Medical model- Underscores the assumption that criminal behavior is
caused by biological or psychological conditions that require treatment?
Mittimus- Issued by the court to a correctional facility indicating the basis
for the confinement of a prisoner.
A warrant issued by the court bearing its seals and signature of the judge,
directing the jail or prison authorities to receive offenders for custody or
service of sentence imposed therein?
Elmira Reformatory- It is a training of school type of correctional
institution program, social case or and extensive use of parole system its
philosophy away from punitive and retributive practices and veered towards
reformation and treatment educational and vocational are imparted to the
prisoner as a way to treat his lack of life skills to survive according to the
rules of the outside society:
Auburn System- This system was advanced by the Americans for the
reason that it is cheaper to maintain.
Domets of France- He established agriculture colonies for delinquent
boys and his reformation system is based on re-education rather than force
The period of quarantine- should not be less than 15 days
Psychodrama- It is designed to help an inmate explore himself,
encourage himself in the past, present and future.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as a psychotherapy, in
which clients use spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and dramatic
self-presentation to investigate and gain insight into their lives. It serves as
the cornerstone of rehabilitation.
R.A. 6127- AN ACT AMENDING ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THE
REVISED PENAL CODE TO GIVE FULL TIME CREDIT UNDER CERTAIN
CONDITIONS TO OFFENDERS WHO HAVE UNDERGONE
PREVENTIVE IMPRISONMENT (DETENTION PRISONERS) IN THE
SERVICE OF THEIR SENTENCES.
Biological theory- It is the theory of crime causation which focuses on
the criminal disorders, chromosome irregularity, and abnormal brain activity
John Howard- Espoused four (4) correction principle as follows: security
and sanitary structure; systematic inspection; abolition of fees; and, a
reformatory regimen - a philanthropist and the first English prison reformer
maximum supervision caseload of a Probation Aide-
10probationers
qualification for probation- 18 years old and above
White collar- Crimes committed by person who usually occupy key
positions, maintains prestige, and high social.
Act No. 4103 or otherwise known as the Indeterminate
Sentence Law- Term of imprisonment with no definite duration within a
prescribed maximum. Eligibility for parole is determined by the parole
authority.
Absconding probationer- an accused whose probation was granted
but failed to report for supervision within the period ordered by the court or
a probationer who fails to continue reporting for supervision and/or whose
whereabouts are unknown for a reasonable period of time.
Deny the application- What should the court do if it finds that probation
will depreciate the seriousness of the offense committed.
Gain perspective- to change the meaning of a circumstance.
Victim Assistance Program- empower our community to restore lives
impacted by crisis, violence, and tragedy Focused treatment.
Possible personality clash- when two (or more) people find
themselves in conflict not over a particular issue or incident, but due to a
fundamental incompatibility in their personalities, their approaches to
things, or their style of life.
GCTA- is a kind of Privileges that can only be denied if the prisoner breaks
the rules and only after the processed is observed.
England as first jail originated- London is known as the birthplace of
modern imprisonment. A Philosopher named Jeremy Bentham was against
the death penalty and thus created a concept for a prison that would be
used to hold prisoners as a form of punishment.
Montesquieu- espoused the idea that criminality increases in proportion
as one approaches the equator.
a French lawyer, who analyzed law as an expression of justice. He is
famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is
implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.
portion of a prisoner’s sentence is deducted- A deduction of two-
fifths of the period of his sentence shall be granted in case said prisoner
chose to stay in the place of his confinement notwithstanding the existence
of a calamity or catastrophe enumerated in Article 158 of this Code.
primary purpose of fencing the surrounding of a minimum
security institution- To keep away the civilian population from entering
the institution.
Jail National Training Institute- conducts training program for
uniformed personnel of Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
Acquittal or grant of bail- The Supreme Court or lower court may
authorize the release of an inmate in case of.
Strain theory- (PRESSURE) Theories assume that people are law
abiding citizen but under great pressure they resort to crime and that
disparity between goals and means provide that pressure.
John Augustus- The first American Probation Officer who developed
several of the features then later became characteristics of the probation
system.
Teodulo Natividad- Popularly known as the father of the
Philippine Probation system.
qualification for parole- An inmate will normally be eligible for parole
upon a showing of confinement for an indeterminate prison sentence, the
maximum period of which exceeds 1 year, providing the inmate has served
the minimum period of the sentence less the good-conduct time allowances
earned.
purpose of Adult Probation Law- Promote the correction and
rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with personalized, community
based program.
Absolute Pardon- It is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the
individual to whom it is granted without any condition and restores his or
her civil and political rights and remits the penalty imposed for which he or
she was convicted.
conditional Pardon- the conditional exemption of a guilty offender for
the punishment imposed by a court.
prison term of prison correctional- a place where people are kept
when they have been arrested and are being punished for a crime.
EXAMPLE: Juanita was convicted and sentence for the crime of serious
physical injuries to a prison term of prison correctional. Based on this, is he
qualified for probation? Yes, his sentence is less than 6 years and 1day.
Sursis- the act of pardoning a criminal or delaying his punishment; the
order to do this She was granted a reprieve.
Presidio- The Old Bilibid Prison, then known as Carcel y Presidio
Correccional (Spanish, "Correctional Jail and Military Prison") occupied a
rectangular piece of land that was part of the Mayhaligue Estate in the
heart of Manila
Prisoner- A prisoner is a person who is deprived of liberty against their
will. This can be by confinement, captivity, or forcible restraint.
PDL- PERSONS DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY
Detainee- prisoners with the exception of jails whose inmates are
undergoing trial of their respective cases
Inmate- A person who is forced by law to stay in a prison. The inmates
were living in terrible conditions.
Prison record- Refer to the recording of a criminal's incarceration
history.
Jaulo- JAILS – comes from the Latin word jaulo or hawla.
Lock-up cells- security facilities manned by the
PNP, as their temporary jail facilities.
BJMP setup, the mandatory routine custodial ration between
guards and offenders-
core values of the BJMP- Commitment. Respect for Human Rights.
Efficiency/ Competence. Self- Discipline. Teamwork.
authorized to commit a person to jail-
5-minute phone call- Inmates who demonstrate good behavior
reception and diagnostic center- is a maximum-security intake
facility for adult males sentenced to the Indiana Department of Correction.
Example: Romeo was sentenced to serve a prison term of six (6) years.
He did not qualify for probation. He was brought to the Bureau of
Corrections in Muntinlupa. To which place should he be brought for
processing and classification.
Classification- process by which prisoners are assigned to types of
custody and treatment appropriate to their individual needs.
total institution- when a prison completely encapsulates the lives of the
people who work and live there.
Psychologist- One of the most important ways to help an inmate reform
is through individual counseling. Who is in the best position to perform this
function.
Deterrence- The principle of provides that the punishment of a convict
prevents others from performing similar actions for fear that they will be
punished similarly.
Objectives of a correctional facility-
1. To confine inmates safely
2. To provide rehabilitative programs that negate criminal tendencies
3. To restore their values and make them law-abiding citizens
Solitary Confinement for Ten (10) days- consists in keeping an
inmate alone in a cell for over 22 hours a day. Because of the harmful
effect on the person’s physical and mental well-being, solitary confinement
should only be used in exceptional circumstances.
Penal Management- manner or practice of managing or controlling
places of confinement as in jails or prisons.
minimum quarantine day of any inmate in the RDC- After the
quarantine period, the inmate shall remain at the RDC for a period not
exceeding fifty-five (55) days
an indeterminate sentence- A minimum and maximum amount of
time to be served in prison.
Edward N. Savage - One who became the first probation
officer employed by the Boston Government.
Common Drunkard- First probationers granted by John
Agustus
Recognizance- Children detained pending trial may be released on bail
or as provided for under Sections 34 and 35 of RA 9344.
R.A 7309- AN ACT CREATING A BOARD OF CLAIMS UNDER THE
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF UNJUST
IMPRISONMENT OR DETENTION AND VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIMES
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Restorative Justice- is a way of repairing the harm done in the
instance of a crime, it is a way to understand each party and recover from
the incident.
Psychodynamic Therapy- focuses on the psychological roots of
emotional suffering.
Cognitive Behavioral therapy- is a form of psychological treatment
that has been demonstrated to be effective for a range of problems
including depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use problems,
marital problems, eating disorders, and severe mental illness.
