Jean Paul Satre he is a famous French philosopher of
the twentieth century, he described the role of art as a
creative work that depicts the world in a completely
different light and perspective and the source is due to
human freedom. Each artwork beholds beauty of its own
kind, the kind that the artist sees and wants the viewers to
perceive.
Bob Wierdsma, "Imagination
Albert Einstein - a German physicist who made
significant and major contributions in science and humanity
demonstrates that knowledge is actually derived from
imagination. he said that "imagination is more important
than knowledge
Robin George Collingwood - he is able explore his
own emotions and at the same time create something
beautiful out of them
Visual Arts - Creations that fall under this category are
those that appeal to the sense of sight
Film- refers to the art of putting together successions of still
images in order to create an illusion of movement
Performance Art - Performance art is a live art and the
artist’s medium is mainly the human which he or she uses to
perform, but also employs other kinds of art such as visual
art, props, or sound.
Elements of performance art:
1. Time
2. Where the performance took place
3. The performance body
Poetry Performance - is an art form where the artist
expresses his emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or
camera, but expresses them through words
Architecture - As discussed, art is the pursuit and creation
of beautiful things while architecture is the making of
beautiful buildings. However, not all buildings are beautiful
Dance - is a series of movements that follows the
rhythm of the music accompaniment
Literary Art - Artists who practice literary arts use words—
not paint, musical Instruments, or chisels—to express
themselves and communicate emotions to the readers.
Theater - Theater uses live performers to present accounts
or imaginary events before a live audience
Applied Arts - Applied arts is Incorporating elements of
style and design to everyday Items with the aim of
increasing their aesthetical value. Industrial design, interior
design, fashion design, and graphic design are considered
Aristotle claimed that every particular substance in the
world has an end, or telos in Greek, which translates in into
“purpose
Functions of Art - When one speaks of function, one is
practically talking about the use of the object whose function
is in question
Three Functions of Art;
Personal Functions of Art - varied and highly subjective. This
means that its functions depend on the person ^the artist who
created the art
Social Functions of Art - Art is considered to have a social
function if and when it addresses a particular collective interest as
opposed to a personal interest. Political art is a very common
example of an art with a social function. Art may convey message of
protest
Physical Functions of Art - The physical functions of art are the
easiest to spot and understand. The physical functions of art can be
found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some physical
purpose
Philosophical Perspectives on Art
Art as an Imitation - Plato (2000) in his masterpiece, The Republic,
particularly paints a picture of artists as imitators and art as mere
imitation. In his description of the ideal republic, Plato advises
against the inclusion of art as a subject in the curriculum and the
banning of artists in the Republic
Art as a Representation – Aristotle, agreed to Plato that art is a
form of imitation, however, Aristotle considered art as an aid
to philosophy in revealing the truth
as a Dis-interested Judgment - In the third critique that Immanuel
Kant wrote, the "Critique of Judgement," Kant considered the
judgment of beauty, the cornerstone of art, as something that can be
universal despite its subjectivity. Kant recognized that judgment
of beauty is subjective
Art as a Communication of Emotion – According to Leo Tolstoy,
art plays a huge role in communication to its audience's emotions
that the artist previously experienced. Art then serves as a language,
a communication device that articulates feelings and emotions that
are otherwise unavailable to the audience.
Types of Subject
Representational Art - This type of art has subjects that refer to
objects or events occurring in the real world
Non-representational Art –it does not make a reference to the
real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular
event. It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes
Non-representational Art and Abstract Art - One source of
confusion is the notion that non-representational art is the same as
abstract art. This is essential to discuss because it introduces the
fact that representational art and non-representational art is not a
clear-cut divide; rather, they exist in a spectrum.
Sources and Kinds of Subject - For non-representational art, a
higher level of perceptiveness and insight might be required to fully
grasp the feeling, emotion, or concept behind the work
Sources of Subject:
● Nature
● History
● Greek and Roman mythology
● Judeo-Christian tradition
● Sacred oriental texts
● Other works of art
Kinds of Subject
● History Still life
● Animals Figures
● Nature Landscape
● Seascape Cityscape
● Mythology Myth
● Dreams Fantasies
Robert Henri's The Art Spirit (1923), he stated
that "Art when really understood is the province of every
human being. It is simply a question of doing things,
anything, well. It is not an outside, extra thing. When the
artist is alive in any person, whatever his kind of work may
be, he becomes an inventive, searching, daring, self-
expressing creature
An artisan is essentially a manual worker who makes
items with his or her hands, and who through skill,
experience and talent can create things of great beauty as
well as being functional. Before the industrial revolution
virtually everything was made by artisans, from smiths
(goldsmiths, blacksmiths, locksmiths, gunsmiths) to
weavers, dyers carpenters, potters, etc.
An artist is dedicated only to the creative side, making
visually pleasing work only for the enjoyment and
appreciation of the viewer, but with no functional value
The 7 Elements of Art
Line
● Shape
● Form
● Space
● Texture
● Value
● Color
Line- These marks span a distance between two points and
can be straight or curved. In visual art, lines don't only need
to be made with marks and outlines. They can also be
implied or abstract. Whether two-dimensional or three-
dimensional, there's no denying that lines have a huge
impact on the rest of the elements of art
Color- By working with hue, value, and intensity three
building blocks of colors artists can tap into a wide range of
emotions. There's nothing that changes an artwork's
emotional impact more than color A deep understanding
of color theory helps any artist make better use of the
colors they have at their disposal.
Shape- The result of closed lines, shapes are two-
dimensional, flat, and only have height and width. Geometric
shapes like circles and squares are mathematical and
precise, while organic shapes take cues from nature and
tend to be curved and abstract. Henri Matisse‘s collage art
makes great use of organic shapes, while Piet Mondrian is
known for relying on geometric shapes in his paintings.
Shapes can be used to control how we perceive a
composition
Form- When a shape acquires depth and becomes three-
dimensional, then it takes on form. Cylinders, pyramids, and
spheres are some of the more common forms, though they
can also be amorphous. In sculpture, form is of the utmost
importance, though it can easily be introduced into drawing
and painting using 3D art techniques is also a big
consideration in architecture, with acclaimed architects
like Frank Lloyd-Wright, Zaha Hadid, and Tadao Andogiving
careful consideration to this element in their designs.
value is the lightness and darkness of a color. The lightest
value is white and the darkest value is black, with the
difference between them defined as the contrast. Playing
with value can not only change certain forms, but also
influence the mood of the artwork.
Space -The elements of art can be manipulated based on
how an artist places lines, shapes, forms, and color. The
placement of these other elements creates space. Space can
be either positive or negative. Positive space is an area
occupied by an object or form, while negative space is an
area that runs between, though, around, or within objects.
Artists often think about the foreground, middle ground, and
background of their artwork, purposefully placing shapes
and lines throughout the space to achieve the perfect
composition.
Texture refers to the surface quality in a work of art. ... Some
things feel just as they appear; this is called real or
actual texture. Some things look like they are rough but are
actually smooth. Texture that is created to look like
something it is not, is called visual or implied texture
