Philippine History Report

Philippine History:

Spaces for Conflict and Controversies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To interpret historical events using primary
sources.
To recognize the multiplicity of interpretation than
can be read from a historical text.
To identify the advantages and disadvantages og
employing critical tools and interpreting historical
events through primary sources.
To demonstrate ability to argue for or against a
particular issue using primary sources.
PRE- DISCUSSION
History- is the study of the past, but a more contemporary definition is

centered on how it impacts through its consequences.
"History is the attempt to discover, on the basis of fragmentory

evidence, the significant things about the past". "The History we
read, through based on facts, is strictly speaking, not factual at
all, but a series accepted judgements". Such judgements of
historians on how the past should be seen make foundation of
historical interpretation.
-Geoffrey Barraclough
The
CODE OF KALANTIAW
Is a mythical legal code in the epic
history Maragtas.
Before it was revealed as a hoax, it
was a source of pride for the people
of Aklan. In fact, a historical marker
was installed in the town of Batan,
Aklan in 1956.
It was only in 1968 that it was proved
a hoax, when William Henry Scott,
then a doctoral candidate at the
University of Santo Tomas, defended
his research on pre-Hispanic sources
in Philippine histoty.
He attributed the code to a historical
fiction written in 1913 by Jose E.
Marco titled Los antiguas Leyendas de
la Isla de Negros.
Marco attributed the code itself to a
priest named Jose Maria Pavon.
Prominent Filipino historians did not
dissent to Scott's findings, but there
are still some who would like to
believe that the code is legitimate
document.
Historians utilize facts collected from
primary sources of history and then
draw their own reading so that their
intended audience may understand
the historical event, a process that in
essence, "makes sense of the past"
The premise is that not all primary
sources are accessible to a general
audience, and without the proper
training and background, a non-
historian interpreting a primary
sources may do more harm than
good- a primary source may even
cause misunderstanding; sometimes,
even resulting in more problems.
Interpretation of the past, therefore, vary
according to who reads the primary source,
when it was read and how it was read.
Students of history must be well equipped to
recognize different types of interpretations, why
these may differ from each other, and how to
critically sift these interpretation throught
historical evaluation.
Interpretations of historical events change over
time, its important skill for a student of history
to track these changes in an attempt to
understand the past.
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
is a poem written by Jose Rizal when he
was eight years old and is probably one
of Rizal's most prominent works.
there is no evidence to support the calim

that this poem, with the now
immortalized lines "ang hindi magmahal
sa kanyang wika\salita mahigit sa hayop at
malansang isda" was written by Rizal, and
worse, thee evidence against Rizal's
authorship of the poem seems all
unassailable.
There's no manuscipt of the poem handwritten by Rizal. The
poem was first published in 1906, in a book by Hermenegildo
Cruz. Cruz said he recieved the poem from Gabriel Beato
Francisco, who claimed to have recieved it in 1884 from Rizal's
close friend, Saturnino Raselis. Rizal never mentioned writing
this poem anywhere in his writings, and more importantly, he
never mentionedof having a close friend by the person of
reselis.
Further criticism of the poem reveals more about the
wrongful attribution of the poem to Rizal. The poem was
written in Tagalog and refferd of the word "kalayaan". But
it was documented in Rizal's letters that he first
encountered the word through a Marcelo H. Del Pilar's
translation of Rizal's essay "El Amor Patrio", where it was
spelled as "kalayahan"
While Rizal's native tongue was Tagalog. He was educated in
Spanish, starting from his mother, Teodora Alonso, Later
on, he would express disappointment in his difficulty in
expressing himself in his native tongue.

The poem;s spelling is also suspect- the use of letters "k" and
'w' to replace "c" and "u" , respectively was suggest by rizal
as an adult. If the poem was indeed written during his time,
it should use the original Spanish orthography that was
prevalent in his time.
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY
it is a way of looking at historical events,

personalities, developments, cultures, and
societies from different perspectives.
multitude ways of viewing the world

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Philippine History:

Spaces for Conflict and Controversies

History- is the study of the past, but a more contemporary definition is

"History is the attempt to discover, on the basis of fragmentory

there is no evidence to support the calim

it is a way of looking at historical events,

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