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    Reviewer On 21ST Century Literature (Timeline)

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    Jean Dacles
    The document summarizes the history of Philippine literature from the pre-colonial period through contemporary times. It discusses the major periods of literature, including the pre-Spanish period characterized by folk songs, legends, and epics. During the Spanish colonization period, Spanish influences introduced new genres like religious prose/poetry and secular plays. The American regime saw a shift to writing in English and the propagation of free verse and short stories. Contemporary Philippine literature incorporates modern genres such as speculative fiction and hyperpoetry.

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    Reviewer On 21ST Century Literature (Timeline)

    Uploaded by

    Jean Dacles
    4K views6 pages
    The document summarizes the history of Philippine literature from the pre-colonial period through contemporary times. It discusses the major periods of literature, including the pre-Spanish period characterized by folk songs, legends, and epics. During the Spanish colonization period, Spanish influences introduced new genres like religious prose/poetry and secular plays. The American regime saw a shift to writing in English and the propagation of free verse and short stories. Contemporary Philippine literature incorporates modern genres such as speculative fiction and hyperpoetry.

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    REVIEWER ON 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE (TIMELINE)

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    The document summarizes the history of Philippine literature from the pre-colonial period through contemporary times. It discusses the major periods of literature, including the pre-Spanish period characterized by folk songs, legends, and epics. During the Spanish colonization period, Spanish influences introduced new genres like religious prose/poetry and secular plays. The American regime saw a shift to writing in English and the propagation of free verse and short stories. Contemporary Philippine literature incorporates modern genres such as speculative fiction and hyperpoetry.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4K views6 pages

    Reviewer On 21ST Century Literature (Timeline)

    Uploaded by

    Jean Dacles
    The document summarizes the history of Philippine literature from the pre-colonial period through contemporary times. It discusses the major periods of literature, including the pre-Spanish period characterized by folk songs, legends, and epics. During the Spanish colonization period, Spanish influences introduced new genres like religious prose/poetry and secular plays. The American regime saw a shift to writing in English and the propagation of free verse and short stories. Contemporary Philippine literature incorporates modern genres such as speculative fiction and hyperpoetry.

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    Our forefathers already had their literature, which reflected in their customs and

    traditions. They had their alphabet even before they colonized. The Spanish friars burned
    their alphabet in the belief that they were works of the devil or were written on materials that
    quickly perished, like the barks of trees, dried leaves, and bamboo cylinders, which could not
    have remained firm even if efforts were made to preserve them. Our unique geographic
    location is the reason why we are rich.
    Periods of Philippine Literary History Period Literary Forms
    1. Pre-Colonial Period
    The first period of the Philippine literary history is the longest. Long time before the
    Spaniards and other foreigners landed on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their
    own literature stamped in the history of our race.
    a. Folk speeches/ riddles
    b. Folk songs
    c. Folk narratives
    d. Indigenous rituals
    e. Mimetic dance
    f. Proverbs/ aphorisms
    2. Spanish Colonization Period
    Spanish occupied Philippines in early 15th century. The Spanish colonization period
    has two distinct classifications – religious and secular.
    a. Folk speeches/ riddles
    b. Folk songs
    c. Folk narratives
    d. Indigenous rituals
    e. Mimetic dance
    f. Proverbs/ aphorisms
    3. American Colonization Period
    Philippine literature in English, as a direct result of American colonization of the
    country, could not escape being imitative of American models of writing especially during its
    period of apprenticeship.
    a. Free verse
    b. Modern short story
    c. Novels
    d. Essays

    Period Literary Forms


    4. Japanese Colonization Period
    This period is considered the war years and period of maturity and originality
    a. Haiku
    b. Tanaga
    c. Karaniwang anyo
    5. Contemporary/ Modern Period
    Many novels in English seem to have been written for literary contests like Palanca
    and Asia Man. The debate over textual and contextual criticism, balagtasismo and
    modernism, formalism and historical criticism has persisted to this day in the academe. The
    more popular but banal issue is called “literature (art) and propaganda.”
    a. Chick lit
    b. Mobile phone text tula
    c. Speculative fiction
    d. Flash fiction
    e. Blog
    f. Hyperpoetry

    PRE-SPANISH PERIOD - is characterized by:


     Chant (Bulong). This was used in witchcraft or enchantment, especially in remote
    places in the Visayas.
     Legends. These are genres of folklore that consist of a narrative featuring human
    actions perceived or believed both by teller and listeners to have taken place within
    human history.
     Folk Tales. These are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and
    humor where one can derive lessons. An example of this is THE MOON AND THE
    SUN.
     Epics. These are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or
    events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.
     Folk Songs. These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in
    the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of
    these have 12 syllables. Examples of which are Kundiman, Kumintang o Tagumpay,
    Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1871)
    Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular
    prose and poetry.
     Spanish Influences on Philippine Literature the First Filipino alphabet, called
    ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman alphabet. Also, the teaching of the Christian
    Doctrine became the basis of religious practices. European legends and traditions
    brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
     Folk Songs - It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their innate
    appreciation for and love of beauty. Examples are Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen,
    Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing.
     Recreational Plays - There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos
    during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo,
    Panunuluyan, Salubong, Embayoka, Lagaylay, and Zarzuela.

    PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872-1898)


    In the 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called Ilustrados began
    to write about the hitch of colonization.
    The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) - This movement was spearheaded mostly
    by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena,
    Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
     Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, Mi Último Adios,
    Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos.
     Some of Del Pilar’s writings: Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country), Kaingat
    Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes).
     Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the
    Friar), Sa mga Filipino, and Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show), Sa
    Mga Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to
    Commemorate Columbus).
    THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944)
    Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using the English
    language. Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse. Characteristics of Literature
    during this period: The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects
    of the different regions. But the writers in Tagalog, continued in their lamentations on the
    conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue and the
    writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.

    THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)


    Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign
    country, Japan, conquered the Philippines between 1941-1945. Philippine literature in
    English came to a halt. This led to all newspapers not to be circulated in the community
    except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW. Filipino Poetry during this period. The
    common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country,
    love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts.
    Three types of poems emerged during this period:
    a. Haiku, a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables
    divided into three lines and
    b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it has measure and rhyme.
    c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

    PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945)


    Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing and
    publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period.
    For the first twenty years, many books were published both in Filipino and in English. In the
    New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most
    themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life under the Japanese
    government, and the brave guerilla exploits.

    REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946-1970)


    The early post – liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and
    spirit” posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.
    Literary writing in vernacular became popular. The writers had a better knowledge of their
    craft and enjoyed political activism.
    1. Poetry
    a. When I See A Barong-Barong by Maximo Ramos
    2. Short Story
    a. Plighted Word by Narciso G. Reyes
    b. Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos
    c. Cadaver by Alberto S. Florentino
    d. They Called It “Brotherhood” by Maximo V.Soliven
    e. Kwento Ni Mabuti by Genoveva Edroza
    PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)
    According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and
    worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms. The
    Literary Revolution The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded a change
    in the government. It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk
    expressions and also in literature.

    PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)


    The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca
    Awards continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt with patience, regard for native
    culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers donned new
    forms. News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like were favored
    more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and robberies. Filipinos before were
    hooked on reading magazines and comics.

    PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)


    After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino, which
    started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. The
    Philippines became a new nation, and this, former President Marcos called “The New
    Republic of the Philippines.” Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic
    and revolutionary. Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life like those of
    grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and fellowmen.

    POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1999)


    History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their
    independence, which they lost twenty years ago. In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the
    so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. In the short span of the existence of the
    real Republic of the Philippines, several changes already became evident. It was noticed in
    the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and even in the television programs. The now
    crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER,
    MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.

    21st CENTURY PERIOD


    The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs and tastes of the new
    generation. 21st Century learners are demanded to be Information and Communication
    Technology (ICT) inclined to compete with the style and format of writing as well. New
    codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.

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