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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
682 views356 pagesKim Namkil Modern Korean An Intermediate Reader
Uploaded by
Fauzyia DanquahCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Modern Korean
AN. INTERMEDIATE READER1
Pacy etsy oy
Modern Korean
An Intermediate Reader
Nam-Kil Kim
University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu© 2000 University of Hawai'i Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
05 04.03 02 01 00 54321
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kim, Nam-Kil
Modern Korean : an intermediate reader / Nam-Kil Kim.
p. cm.
Includes index.
English and Korean.
ISBN 0-8248-2222-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Korean language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. 1. Title.
PL913.K527 2000
495,7'82421—de21 99-058188
University of Hawai'i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the
guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources.
Camera-ready copy provided by the author
Printed by Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing GroupContents
CO
Preface ttt ett teeeees vii
Acknowledgments Se ed
Aly BF 34 '
a2 ANS
A3sy BAS
aaa BBs OLY
asst ASS] We
A om HE
ATH HA} BBol
ass 8s dee +11 7
Al 9 wal . 110
al 10s U7) 2. 123
ALM} | BES] AHO] os sevens. 137
A123} @Holo SYS PPC eee,
al 13 3} ab 162
aid ASD eer Eee eee
AIS AED ALSO 19d
a] 16 3} Bale}e) alo] 9} Bho] E wo} ve ceeeetenereses 207
AIT 3} URS} AS ao eves 219
A183} AoA) FE SI + 233
A193} = BAHAY cence teen ees 248
a] 20 sf HAAS} Bayt MUS Be UAE oe 261
AL 21 sf ALS} PeeeE eee 273
Al 22 Bt BO} Ap . 288
a 23 af ALAS) ceceeeee reece ees 302
oe veeees 34
edo] ad dz a4
(Translation of examples of vocabulary usage) 329
2.8] 21] (Index to Patterns in the Lessons) 345
@Q Yet jel (Korean-English General Glossary) 349
G8} Pe Aho] (English-Korean General Glossary) 373Pretace
ee ——_—
‘This book, Modern Korean: An Intermediate Reader, is intended to give the
student of modem Korean sufficient knowledge of a variety of styles and expressions
of both written and spoken Korean. The material has been developed for use in an
intermediate Korean course at the University of Southem Califomia. It is assumed that
students will come to this book with a fairly good knowledge of basic Korean.
My overriding concem while writing this book has not only been to provide
students with an aid for acquiring language skills but also to acquaint them well with
the cultural background of Korean society. I have tried to include here as many topics
as possible that are related to Korean culture.
Students will definitely improve their reading and speaking skills through the
study of this text. However, it would be over-optimistic to think that after completing,
this book they would be able to freely read any material written in the Korean
language. Exposing oneself to a wide range of literature is necessary to further
develop familiarity with different styles, different usage of vocabulary, various
expressions including idioms, and the use of different structural patterns.
The study of a course like Modern Korean will be conducted mostly in the
classroom; therefore it is the responsibility of each student in the classroom to make
an independent effort to improve. Modern Korean may be used on a five-hour-per-
week class over two academic semesters. There are 24 lessons in the book. The
lessons fall into two groups of twelve lessons each, the first group being easier than
the second in the progress of learning. Each lesson consists of a main text, a dialogue,
the usage of new words, structural patterns, substitution drills, grammar drills,
exercises, and a list of vocabulary. The second half of the book (Lessons 13-24)
includes a section of Chinese characters in each lesson.
1. Main Text. The main text serves as the core of each lesson, and it is written
in an expository or a descriptive prose style, sometimes mixed with a conversational
style. Each text contains an essay or a story, which incorporates useful words or
expressions, and patterns. The student may study the text either visually or orally. In
whichever manner he or she does, he or she is meant to read the text fluently with the
understanding of its meaning after studying each lesson.
2. Dialogues. After each main text, a dialogue is given as a supplement. The
content of the dialogue is related to either the content or the topic of the main text.
Although the inclusion of the dialogue in the lesson is to improve the student's ability
in spoken Korean, it is not required that students memorize and produce it, since the
dialogue is considered as supplementary material. It will be enough for the student to
vitize and understand the dialogue in each lesson, if there is not enough
recogn
in class. -
sy Words. From the vocabulary list in each lesson, useful
.j and each is presented in two sample sentences
ilustrating its usage, The purpose of this section is to set pa acquainted with
how a new word or expression is used. The definitions of difficult words are provided
within this section to aid students’ comprehension. This section can either be studied
by students alone for the improvement of Korean or used by the instructor to explain
the usage of new words along with structural pattems. As an aid to students’ self
study, English translations of the example sentences from lessons 1-12 are given at the
end of this textbook.
4, Structural Patterns. A brief structural explanation and other explanations
about the use of a particular expression are given in this section. This section may be
studied either separately or together with the main text in a lesson. In the latter case,
the instructor may use the section in order to explain the pattems or usefull expressions
in the main text. Since examples of pattem sentences for a given structural pattem are
given to aid students to master the language rapidly, they should be memorized by
students. The first example is provided with a translation for every pattem in this
section
5. Substitution Drill. Some pattems chosen from the section of structural pattems
are intended for students to practice the usage of those pattems. Students practice
substitution drills according to the instructions and examples given.
6. Grammar Drill. This section is designed primarily to practice verb
conjugation, verb or noun compound formation, and word derivation. Many of the
Problems in this drill are familiar from the study of beginning Korean. However, they
are reintroduced in this section to reinforce a mastery of complex grammatical
mechanisms in word and phrase levels.
mee ee section of exercises consists of (1) answering questions, (2)
Sentences into Korean by using given patterns, (3) the
palaces ofa dialogue with students’ own ideas, (4) aural presentation, (5) the
fist ree nl aural presentation, and (6) a short composition. The
» iS designed to ensure that students understand the
at least
time to study it in depth
3. The Usage of Ne
words or expressions are selecteon the given instruction and present it in the class. The final exercise aims to improve
students’ writing skills. Students will write a short composition based on the given
instructions, questions, or examples.
8. Chinese Characters. In the second half of the text, Chinese characters are
introduced. The purpose of this section is to introduce Chinese characters to the
students, so that they know what Chinese characters look like and how they are
pronounced and written, The selection of Chinese characters is not controlled at all.
‘The easy characters, which appear easy to learn, are chosen for illustration.
‘Approximately 150 Chinese characters are introduced in the book. It is up to the
instructor to decide whether or not Chinese characters are studied in the class. If the
study of Chinese characters is not desired, this section may simply be skipped. When
each character is introduced in this section, the Korean pronunciation and the meaning
are provided along with the stroke order in writing, In addition, the combination of
the newly introduced character with other characters is given in the formation of a
word.
9. Vocabulary. At the end of each lesson, new words and phrases are listed to
help students in studying each section. Vocabulary items appearing in the main text,
the dialogue, structural patterns, and exercises are given separately for each section.
The lists of some difficult vocabulary items are repeated throughout the lessons for
students’ easy reference. Although no control was exercised over the vocabulary
selection, careful attention was given to the use of easy vocabulary items in the first
part of the thirteen lessons. In contrast, more advanced or sophisticated vocabulary
items may be found in the second part of Modern Korean.Acknowledgments
Coenen eee ee EEE
‘The writing of Modern Korean: An Intermediate Reader was begun due to the
cireumstance that there was virtually no intermediate Korean textbook available for
college students. During the writing of this book, many people helped me, without
whose help this book could not have been completed.
1 feel greatly indebted to the following people whose assistance was the most
valuable in every aspect of writing this book: Da Mi Lee, Jung Dal Kim, Dong In
Cho, Kyung An Kim, Dae Ho Chung, Jong Ha Kim, Hong Keun Park, Sung Woo
Choi, Young Hwa Hong, Hye Young Chung, Sun Hee Choi, Hye June Park, Hye Soo
Kim, Kyung Sook Cho, and So Young Im.
1 also wish to thank So Yoon Noh, Michael Kim, Brad Mattox, En Kyeng Yoo,
Woody Mott, and Michelle Kim for editing the English portion of the textbook.
Michelle also took upon herself the task of writing the activities for the exercise
section of the book.
Special thanks go to Jung Dal Kim and Jong Ha Kim whose computer skill was
essential for completing this book. I thank Min Soo Chung who provided illustrations
to the book. I also wish to thank two anonymous readers, whose criticism and
suggestions greatly improved the final version of this book.
Finally, I would like to render my deepest gratitude to Patricia Crosby, Executive
Director of the University of Hawai'i Press, who corresponded abundantly with me and
waited with patience during revisions for completion of this book. Without her help
and guidance, this book might not have seen the light.
University of Southern California N. Kim
Los Angeles, Californiaqexe Pee EGS FFE Bol Tach | SFE SB VIS
tof Bzh.
aa jee eye ae Ye FSol Asch Tas Ws AS 7A
Aa Ze YO Ageoladsa eA od ap eS Ase BIS uy
ids Qzpyc. Tau aay @ et dale sate Bsa ole a}
ASL a} 7a] HES AA] PHS add RABE AI FS Sel
gal Slo] Be BS YE SHel AeA 71st IT
at pte) AAS ys} aoe Hol Me. se FE WS as a
Boys apc} HE BAS Hol eich GF SA Aa wae Ba)
oleh. Zale Wau BES BErh DAE tel Sa AFel Bt Sa AS
So use SAS ela Berl Ase Bas Ass Sse.
Gq}e graye} ye] o= Baer Bel WH 1s AAA zel Abst
BAeeh. AL [eS AMS SA AME Bol ESI) EBei 80
2 dog. aves & HS] BAA BH Me 714) BME gaye
ae
derh & SEE wt as ome
ae fey og dela, ol Vole ME ESS SAS Vo} ge
a ea sage sag os 42 7h) IVS AL PE Bao, g
53) 34
gio] dae sopVIE BA
CS} (Dialogues)
@ B33} BEA
Ao: Balof, Bohsts Alztell Zo] 7H?
aj: uy, Qo. 2a) B lea?
ao: Su dy ae ut de GSS Aziz.
Ba: bY, Boho] FS Eo] AHS Vora?
A: ey. AEA Wh AHHSS BAS Molo al.
() 2a] RS 7]
Bt: Ful, Y ola WHA Qloel soe 7yVpUy.
FO]: $, QB TAM] ARolop. vo] spo] 7A] Yaj7} Yar ow of Pa) sl?
BF AMF FH OMAS BAl7t Woh. AE Bowl S]apop.
FA): BPA Be Yaz} sto] gl-S-7}?
Be Za. TeGe Yt gob] Aa gals opga) ESA] wee al
Fad.
Fe): 7 BY SL Bolo.
@) Ares BE
We: BFop, 90] BA yo}?
Be: aa 92
4a
rly
we: 8.244 8 Me aD ge hese woe TaN ool
tela] Yar Ao}.
BF LS2 HF Yolo,
Mel: do} gop?x 13} BRS) BS
Ade S402 19 Ug), o] Gola BFS Bee ay esa
Ae £2.
of
+
tar] 2! (Vocabulary Usage)
1, =: customs
asde 4d FF] su?
@ ets] SHS Gea yea] AE Zo] AW Sq.
.
2. ad: old days
©} loki SHEL ule] @E olopzieh.
Us APES A Fol AG Aol AY Be ew zh.
7A AY?
TE AIS oh?
oN
2
ir
~~
6
4. 7A): a kind; variety
oP 7t AAA, ey 7-2] BAS Ab 7} QAO} a.
RS AD seul B77] Bal Fale.
5. BB}: peace
Bale dey) Ge Ae ad.
‘yahels Bel Re ob
6. Jl: a festive day; national holiday
o]a Bay old] 7Alz) Seay}?
Ue Bao] ested Fa.
7. 49: the West
21S AEE AG Aol.
AMAA Ble BAL ood AE] As y7y?4 BH 80)
8. A}2}2] C}: to disappear; vanish
ole $450] ABE Bel AAT
zlat7t Be) AeA
9. ##: mainly; mostly
ye zen ae au?
as qge #2 yo} gale Yeo.
10. t] £4121: representative; typical; exemplary
Fag 2 ae WHA ye Bold.
v]to] GEA SAL Hs 2AM Aa A]C.
11. QQ: nutrition
ole S40] BHol BL7?
$Gol ME SAS Hoa gal S2] Sa.
12, 20]: to gather (together)
Be Ps] SS HD LF] wad.
SA ATES Fe] Aol Belay Este.
13. 8]: in particular, particularly; especially; specially
83s dol gc. $3) Bq) ge.
Ue Us S48 Sob. 2S Ss] Bas Sol etep.
14. 8}: a day
28 HEE GA BUA Aeur?
a 89 Bae ad.qa} 39) BS 5
| 4 & (Patterns)
o
1. ..@/ --(O)2D FECK: to name; call someone (something) so-and-so.
The pattern ...&/& ...(0])2} 21} is used to name something (or someone)
so-and-so. The verb 7-2} can be replaced by 8}c} without any change of meaning
in the pattern.
(ts APSE BRS FYE AGS olay Bad.
They called Koreans ‘people who wear white clothes’.
QAGSL 1e WPlea Sad.
@) VSS AS AVS SB] AQYojay Bap.
AACS Azo] Hee 49} y ATS Peolzbw Bec.
GO) $25 BEE A] Me 1S Aol GUS AHEAD Bad.
2. ...A] S]O4: because someone (or something) comes to...
The pattern ...7]] Jo} consists of two constructions, 7j] 5] and 0}. The element
©] is the shortened form of the conjunction o} A}, where 4} is optionally deleted. The
conjunctive o}(4) in the pattern ...7]] S}o} expresses a causal relation between the
conjunctive clause and the main (or concluding) clause, meaning ‘because’ or ‘since’
The construction 7] 5] C} denotes a situation which is brought about by certain
circumstances, meaning ‘someone (or something) comes to ...., or ‘someone (or
something) is scheduled to ...’, where an action verb stem is used with this
construction. Thus, the pattern ...7]] 5]0] means ‘because someone (or something)
comes to ...’, ‘since (because) someone (or something) is scheduled to ...', or ‘because
(Since) one (something) happens to
() R282 ADS] AF LF Bel Ua So] WH RS BUA] BEG.
Because people nowadays (come to) wear European clothes more often, they
seldom wear Korean clothes.
2 Y= oly Bo) Heol 7h) So] FA 7] wc}
G) 37} Arlo] Bre + al Se} 71a}BH 80)
@ 2e eae 7 sol FHT
(5) 3 BAYS sIolalA) WEE stl Slo} BA) HS.
3. ..0| JHC}: to be ..ing; Keep ..ing.
indicates that a certain event or state is moving steadily
expressed by this pattem is very gradual. Usually
51 9\C} are used with the
‘The pattem ...0} 7}
toward the future, The progression
‘verbs which do not occur with the progressive form ...
gattem ..0} 7}¢} 10 indicate progressive situations. This pattem roughly corresponds
to the English progressive ‘to be ..ing’ or ‘to keep ...ing".
(1) ABSo] Ae LS Bol Mal Ho] PH FS UE SH] AEH 7D
she}.
‘As people (come to) wear European clothes more often, the custom of
wearing Korean clothes is disappearing.
2) So] Ba VFA 7h kth
@) Bo] GaaaA| MEel Abeba 7} glct.
@) Bal Ao] Ba Yaa Zep.
6) SAS 79] O Bo} 7h euch.
4. 2H} ... 2 S|O{ SICH: to consist of; be composed of; be made up of
‘The pattem ...9}/3} 2 S}o}] 91c} indicates that a certain entity consists of
something. The pattem denotes several different meanings in English such as ‘to
Consist of, ‘to be composed of,, ‘to be made up of, ‘to constitute’, ‘to form’, etc.
© G3 F89) AS Yop wale 2 sho} gic}.
A Korean meal consists of rice and side dishes.
@ @ave Gea dae yo} ac.
©) @ the ¥ A719 Ae ez slo} gle.
MUS #48, ea ASE gol aa.
OEE Al 2 Ast oe] 7] Ae Yor yo) get13} BR) ES
5, ..7| 21804: in order to...; for the purpose of ...ing
‘The pattern ...7] $8}¢] functions as a conjunctive for a clause which indicates
purpose. The verb form in the conjunctive clause is the stem form which is attached
to the nominalizer 7]. Conjunctive clauses in ...7] 9)}6} mean ‘in order to do ..." or
‘for the purpose of ...ing’. This pattern ...7] $]8}0} can be replaced by the pattern
..(2)2] 31. However, the latter implies a stronger intentional meaning and it is used
more in colloquial speech, whereas the patter ...7] 9]3}q] is used in written and
formal styles.
() 4 AVSS SAS skelal VS siete} als gas Aeatc.
Koreans used soysauce and soybean paste in order to make the food
delicious.
@ ASE ES B71 Male a) 7a] YE Ve atc.
@ FASS FA) Bol) Mate] beds Ae} Ve qed.
4) 22 FSSA) AMS Eel7] Sate] Ae o}alal da dorset
©) F4AE 23 AAS Petr] Sa}o} & 7}Fo] Belch.
6. ..7| SIC}: sometimes someone does ...; sometimes something happens
‘The pattern ...7] = 8}U} indicates that sometimes a certain event takes place. A
sentence containing this pattern implies a contrastive meaning—that a certain event
usually does not take place. Thus, a sentence containing the pattern ...7| = }t}
denotes that a certain event takes place only sometimes. Only the verb stem occurs
with the nominalizer 7]. The tense is in the main verb a}c}.
OARSS +4] 239] 12S dels Ut
People sometimes visit their ancestors’ graves on Chusok.
2) jel Baye $e Alzel z1= Veh
O)AGSS 71H q g71= ed.
MAGES FS wT DHE W4ovl= Vd.
God AWee $2] As l= Va.: BI B30)
‘Substitution Drill
1 a} go) “B/E ~CONEZ vero EUS MS SVS Da
BAR
(RES) (a da) (Be)
> jee a wae dale Batt
() (ea) (2 aH aD
(2) (RES) (2 dp) (AD
(3) (Ga) fA) (B8) (SF)
2. 9} Bo] *..a] Jo)'S 1 Bape] BAS DA HAS.
HY SE MED. UF RE YA GE
SAE LS YA So] BF LE AA BEd
() HE Fe APS (dep. 7] Bh.
@ FBZo] oj Hol (Ach. w7t eH 7A] Saket.
@ Bae AY Abe). 3H2) Be.
3. BF ABS] AA) (hab
> OS APS] AME Yo} dakeg fo} gah.
(1) 8 (3)
(2) AF ($A) (aE)
G) ol BI YS) Has)
A o41 9} Ze] S38} SAS UST 2 SS deae.
Ac + Ach => ao] Ach BSc} + Arp => Eo} ACE
() Bel +O
@ 7g + ao
@Oag+ yo
@ xo + dag
© sh + ao
2 a} Zo] ovo S lest] BAS HP TES Webs.
Ae}a|e} => Ahab Sch => Fol 7th
() orale
@ Bat
Oud
golalch
() Bebe}
G@& = Al (Exercises)
SESE
1. Answer the following questions.
O83 AVE Bde FSS gay wale.
QA UF ASS FB Ze 8 aIsun?
@ 83 ABSA RAG gale Pagduy?
@ adele Fee tan?
© #42 aaduy?Aq lap BF ES "
2, Translate the following sentences using the pattern given in the Parentheses.
(1) They called him ‘monkey’. (..(0])2}7. 3 2r})
(2) The newspaper labelled him a coward. (..(0])2}3. = c})
(3) | am glad to see you again. (...7]] S}o})
(4) Chelsoo was sad because he had to leave home. (...2j] 5]o})
(5) The air quality is getting worse in big cities. (...0} 7}})
(6) As summer comes near, it gets hotter. (..0] 7}¢})
(7) This cake is made up of flour, eggs, and sugar. (..3}/9} .. SJo} 9th)
(8) This book consists of ten chapters. (...5}/9} ...2 S]o} rh)
(9) Chelsoo studied hard in order to pass the exam. (..7] 9}34¢})
(10) He went to Korea for the purpose of leaning Korean. (...7] 918}0})
(11) Sometimes I go to see movies on weekends. (...V 7] =. 8}t})
(12) People sometimes call California the Golden State. (...V 7] = 3}t})
3. Complete each dialogue with your own ideas.
() Hel FAS Gio 2
Wels Was Ago} s.
Aa de FAS YS Aa?
@
BR VAS Flo} gloj.a?
BES RAO] Alo} a.
“RS ofl Bae] go}.0?
3
Ado] FOS a2?
432 Yu Ssole ya.
FF DANE FUS Ha?B10) 830)
12
dialogue and tell the class what YOUR favorite food is and
4, Read the following
why,
ax gle soreia. 1 SINE BA WAL
gAo] Fra.
goa. AE lez] S44 Fetal. 1
BF SHE Fova.
ag ae
geglola. ae Ne
aa: AE He 34}
Boys 2 spelt AW FR AE
5, Create a dialogue between A and B based on the following situation.
1, Situation
A is a Korean language teacher.
B is a student in his/her Korean class.
Il, Role Play
‘A teaches B the Korean traditional customs: the costume, meals, and
traditional holidays. Illustrate and explain in detail.
B asks many questions: why Korean people like to wear white clothes;
how to make Kimchi; what Korean people do on the holidays such as 4
F and +4}.
6. What are the differences between Korea and your country? Write about the
difference with at least two things for each category given below. (@}3-3} 0} 2] 2
Ua} Aelo} ola se Pole? obeh F012 Aga) aay Ire F 7hA1 9]
AVBSS Ao] BAD)
OR
Al
Q)
alo
Oyaiat zo) SS
2
+ gf (Glossary)
mM
lS C/A PEG
BAAD
7A)
gat
yet
daly
Ba
a
ae
AG
Al S94
AR}
FE
SH} .(2)B s}o} gop
24
a
EA
me
z
ag
Ua
ae
ae
34
Ala
a
Bole
43
Seo]
aa
ee
Korea
old days; ancient times
customs
white
to name (call) something/someone so-and-so
among; between
a kind; sort
peace
to represent; symbolize; indicate
always
a holiday; festive day
(traditional) Korean clothes
these days; nowadays; lately
the West
because someone/something comes to...
to disappear; vanish
mostly; mainly
to consist of, be made up of
grain
to mix; blend
representative; typical
Chinese cabbage
radish
nutrition
soy sauce
soybean paste
New Year's Day
the Korean (version of) Thanksgiving Day (celebrated on
the 15th day of the eighth lunar month)
formal bow of respect to one’s elders on New Year's
Day; New Year's greeting
a bow
to gather (together)
tice cake soup
a game using four wooden sticks
the lunar calendarBAH 80)
I
i; newly born
ly (freshly) harvested; newly /
aie aim particularly; especially; specially
ea ral moon shaped rice cake steamed on a layer of pine
*" needles
, a day
2 estos
cr cone 5 i thi
“AS 8 sometimes someone does...; sometimes something
AS Bt =
(3H)
wedding (ceremony)
at a
aot a supermarket
ad direct(ly); firsthand; personally
fees] 4a)
24
gal
254
au
aa
a thing; object; article; goods; material; stuff
far, at a distance
a playground; schoolyard; athletic park
whole day; all day long
a nap
a coward
physical education
twins
a game; match
to participate
an army
to withdraw from school temporarily
a meeting; conference
a presentation
economic conditions
to finish
Chinese characters
an island
to eam money; make money
to be difficultgla azo] SS
At
aA)
2g
ala
ye ec
Baa
Are
#2
alt
AW
act
a4 Dl
a
Wee)
olekel
ashale]
ae
SF
one’s native place
weekends
a genius
an angel
a princess; daughter of a king
to be lonely
the earth
the land
a (social) gathering; assembly
a graduate student
to sit up all night
France
a frog
a holiday
to boil
to take out
to pick up (a thing)
to put in
to throw
to go beyond; exceed; jump
to be bright
Thanksgiving Day
a (Korean) stew; pot stew
(taste) to be hot; spicy
Italy
spaghetti
noodles
a kind; sortAl 2 2} MS
MPS PE F 7b] Kol sleh A WAS “S ete] FEE Ko]
Ho] REM Sl7] Heol ASA} Py -aa Be We FE} Foe
AS & WAS EAS ES PA ASS Ale} AME ob AS Of
SAG a Be WS et Ayo] og oz age.
Ue Ft SF ASS orjaaraa a aso] Hee 4S
ARS S ole APS sz] Bowl deck aay 4 gojabe wel F
TP) ELE AICHE AS WA oA so} gep
ABLAGH $F 600d A, a4 $2 Gf ygo] Ace gajgd. a Aas
NSE oF S88 Roe aigy. peas yg olape og apalol ‘t
SPD BAI. ALS 2M AoE Taq a Sar} ong
TAG ASS VP Awol YE GEA slic
ASE $ SOU Sek avo}
a
FEM] AE] FAs We rpzjo} Yok 3
42 $7 2 382 qEgan. o sol de gaex agg, aah423} AE 0
gogo I BIAS MAE ES Bee] loo ase wa
pole HBA FTE AS S EM slot ese] wel wal a
ye
ages 32 19S HE V1S0] Beh. oll Aas sq aa gala}
axe It Wt WPS Al sled Re a4 PEE! geID. a
2] AASUS WE UA AAS aye Role. 0) wtoy 420} Hoy
qos GAR, SUE $H, SUES ES 4 aI.
(| 3} (Dialogues)
MALI Ta
& 4AM, Aue eHeeoes qyd.
aagd: Us ode 7a?
& ASE DUG. FSS Se VS ABUT ASO AH
7hoOE RS FT r}YYAH?
BANS: 2] Ko] Qalet Hs, AFT Ve FAS FS BAA. Myo}
A Ese dt rol S + Us Ada.
i oh a}.2? 28% 7pwaleuey.
) 25S EY
& AAP. GRSOz rere Val ok My?
SH ol] alata y Bae Ga BBs Sol yee dud.
® AXF Fol oe ye asso] wu
8 Sol Heal BOR ae Bore BHF) Bde
2 dagud. ae adeud.
MAR} yay
Ss me) Ae oe}?
& HI? AB] ofWa) n] Fol QO}?
3ol SY BED dat. AGE F 7H) Kel Wo}. se ST
Yepo) SEehe Lolz, f SHE EA] OF} OF18 Be Bo)
@ gz. ade 1s) Ago se Ae NF] FEA
seo] FU.
yo}: aah. ola) BRU?
# G. o]F9] ASE AE DCO
\#B40] *O! (Vocabulary Usage)
4E5: the capital city of a country
439 Fee adel.
SY} FE Orel} ob?
EAI: acity
o] SAS #2 AZo] Beh.
= SAA AHS Aol Sch.
Aly: a period; era
LSte a2] Aldea Bac.
a7 aa AWE AHA aad.
»
ALY}: a local area; region
BH A)Yol y]7} Bo] gc.
ABA] YL Aol AAS?
5. BEG: if, in case
Be Ut Ola) 2 dolla & hg] Fag.
AF? BY Rol Ache ye ot ga.
6. Bake}: to decide
abe 1 AS DMZ Aap.
AF BIE ARNG 124 Bee Aya.qu MB ——____ ig
zaja);: the center
Te Hee DR} SAA.
gee] eee NE dae BE salar seta
91-7: population
aa] Mla) 13S ef 509} 0}xp.
o] EAL) FE SST Yeh.
9, AAS historical sites
ae Agel se ola AES 773te.
PIE ASS FT BEA GH.
10, 4: a garden
Aad +H Be]Zo} whgich.
AF AN= J BA] Yq.
11. $6]: play; a game; recreation
Ge al $Eds} Ga BASLE BR Sols Ad.
ase APS ESE Ao.
12. aA}: a ceremony for ancestral worship
QSL Sobral Goh z|9} aApolch
ola Bo Bo]Y9} aPALS ahaa.
13, $@: independence
UHL 1945 do] YRosye Syd
84 ISde esq] Sa7) Pod.BCH B1R0
8 O4 & (Patterns)
1. ..7] tol): because.., for the reason that.-; due to...
‘Te patter ..7] sl-Bexpresses reason or cause. The verb form with the
conjunctive 7] «Ba can contain the pas tense oF the nonpast nse (eno tense
marker). The pattern means ‘because’, “for the reason that...', or “due to..."
() 9] RE AGO AEM BHA B
Because this is the capital, there are many govemment and municipal offices.
(2) 1 Bde Hayl MEI sol MAT.
(@) Bae Bol Bl Asal Ve Ft Ao
@) 2 FR BA] HE Bol 43K} 2.
(5) 3a BF Seehgt] aol Bol Wasa.
_A| QO01 OF SIC}: must; should
The pattem ...2] Q.2.81 ob ¥1C} literally means ‘if someone does not do... (or
something is not...), it is not all right (or okay)’; thus, it expresses the meaning ‘must’
or ‘should’. Only the verb stem occurs with 2].
() S olde ATS B24] Soa g arp.
One must answer a little bit of a strange answer.
@ He] BHVo] IE SR] Qo et ac.
G) BE Adel Ea] 2 AaB Yel] Yow og dd.
@ Sao HE Ae AY BGs] Yow e aap.
G) BFala] UU7a] Wals 22] gov} oad.
3. (Q)E OTIC: to be considered to be..; to be regarded as...
‘The patter ..(.)% ©}74 2] c} consists of two elements: the particle (©) and
the verb
ve AAAAICh. The pattern means “someone (or something) is considered to be...
©F ‘someone (or something) is regarded as...423 ABE
(ya BAS NSE 4 FAT FOZ aga.
sven in the old days, Seoul was considered a very important place.
QAZABS Us VN 74 SHA MSS olyag.
QAFEE THAIN 7 HES Yee alan.
wae VF AS TS Yaz a7zig.
(6) PRAE NFA SLM AHS ofr}ala] oy gle.
4, 9494: t0 have/had ..en; V-ed
‘The construction $13 which consists of two past tense forms indicates that a
certain situation took place at least once prior to the present, but it is not now the
case. The pattern is usually used with specific time adverbs. When the subject is
animate, the sentence containing 91 denotes that the subject has the experience of
doing something, The construction $1] means ‘something happened in the past, but it
does not happen any more (or something was...but it is not...any longer)’.
()ASNE AL 1S lS HA Me, BY olen SRA
In the old days it had been called ‘Hanyang, Hangsung’ instead of ‘Seoul’.
@ Foals 27} A FAA
BE A Fol AVSel) AT.
@ B= AAS A Ars Bol Tasch.
() 2 gabe 743 Bz} Bae React.
5. V+El: was ...ing; was in the state of...; used to...
The element © is the adnominal aspectual form indicating that a certain action or
State continues for a period of time in the past. Thus, this element can be called the
ast imperfective. In many cases, the pattern also indicates the subject's past habitual
actions. The equivalent meaning of English is ‘was ...ing’, ‘was in the state of..., or
‘Used to...",
OARZUS asey yep aAbe aruba Felct-
Sajik Park is the place where the state performed the ceremony for the
ancestral worship in the past.Bel Zo)
@) earth He Be
(3) 4p sled et Aol edz
(4) apgapel galt #9
= go] a RE AWE gol ect
(9) a
6... OB .B SCh to cite... as..; name. 35.
The pattem ..2.2 .. Cp is used when someone cites or names something (or
someone) as something (or someone). The elements ...°. and ...& can be substituted
em can become like... ...02 Sr},
without any change of meaning; thus the patt
() HGo] #98 22 YOR, SZ, FR FUSS SF Vd.
We can cite the South Gate, the East Gate, the Ancestral temple, and the
Independence Gate as famous historical sites.
© Gas} ihe UZ Sa ULE EF wlth
0 ASS FY] Hs AS2e Fs} Fos EO.
@ gtol4 ges dese so, Gey, aga Fe SG
2 9)
(9) see) C7} EHR He CAS SF Bh
Substitution Drill
1 3} Zo] 7] Eol'9] HAS of Rapa] BAS WA AAD.
6 old AES 4] Gow a ad.
(y Az Bal (7hoF SH).
2) WU ol SAS Chor Mcp.
@) 6] BAS ob Alal (Vel ok Beh).
3. ASL FAH Roe oad.
(1) GE BHMA 7G SRR (A Folelcp.
Qo] 19S BHA 7s Qa Alc.
GB) AZBAATE 79 SG EAN Fl (hole).
4 WPA AE RE SF VES 1S] EK WA AMD
<27/7 H&E} HBR AA) (SAB.
> HGo FUG le SUES SF
(D139 (2 EA) GAs} BAMA)
2) Feo] Bo] YE Che) (Fest BM).
G) VRS} 7S (HED (SF VB).BH 830;
Mu
1 Be Bal at
aby eg Batt > at BE BabA a
() BFS at
@ ee et
@) ae eaatt
& Ae Beat
(5S) agqAvpA Es tect
2. 9} Zo] FAS 3]F (passive form) oS we 1 FS Pspia.
AE > Molo Beh => Htolch
() $c}
@ 4c
©) ale
(seh
() #
© ae
Be
® 4g
3. 9} 20} Sapo} aya 48 D1 Se wpa.
B71 0] Rol IBS0} (gh),
STR VBE Vege.
O AFE Bea hep,
@4E Ils} bee (ay,
@ 4s 2 Gamo} (chycp,a as 25
easel BFE GIL).
u)
O85 2 Bar) ESC.
(HE
ag Z Al (Exercises)
«
uu2 83,
BS
so wel] QE AO BASU “BS Asay Aba
o] FOU, aa ava oes ageud’ oS Se 8) vee 9
pa qe mana? 1a wae 7) 8 Bal Hay? gay ae
= ven en ag eal aaleuer ael4} Fl td Oe ee
0} aa ee este SAB See RG ABE 4B Wea,
a3] aoe gd Ze 122 LH St WAS Ase SHA ye Ho,
edd
CH 3} (Dialogues)
© 599 BE
ul: Fob, #8] BS oS glo} BSh?
ale: ¥ oft He) Alziol e)atel.
$a); 3 angi)?
Qs: $2] B9] BS A] ol] DES YE HHO] Soho}.
ao: 2 eye Be A) De ABE A 2A}
a: aa, Bob
) 43) BF o}op7]
Fol: ATES oY gly. a?
= YL. AS OF Fopayg.
FOI: 0] E SOL 7} | Galaga?
= Used H7lal Sia.
Fu]: 9 74.99
= SS4 GE 8 oe oem Bae.
7: BE Ml AS clog gaze!
MD #81 359) ae
ae Fe a8 an gue
Fl B31 AS BH He oy oo},
BF O18 olo¥7174 gotapo Hae 71 S42 Bol A AB ae ag
a ope Se] SS BelaATU.
gorol 4k] (Vocabulary Usage)
oe COT
gee conversation partner
Aaqgl= BET Noa $q.
Ye PETE Bo] AA Se vl Q71s gyrp.
2, Bo} to ome
ole We Delok A BAS VS > she.
eae eve Hem 28 ad.
3, AACE: playfully
wae Aaa Ad sot Atel) Ass Ap.
AS7t BAS Bd doh AAd.
4, 173] Zi: a worthless thing
AMAA Rye!
174 AS 77AD BBA) oA) 2.
5. 4.2-3}C}: to be sorry; (feel) displeased/hurt; miss
2 Ao] Ash ot a 7} eA eat.
Ap Bsa) 7D YY Aga.
6. YF: others
Bo] BAS Ge 2yaa Az.
AY) HSB OY} YolaS AAaHok SA
7. 4.2: thoughtlessly
Ee dee aa 2a gold.
Bde Dee aa oa a RE2h 0)
a
8. 41 Y AI: generously
yaaa eo FAAS!
22 neg Haga AA 277 et.
dee
9. S}CE to treat
" gal age ages uae act.
ope poles aay Aees Wet
10, v}-g-0] 2: with upright value; straight forward
o} Ao PS] SE Aol ech.
2 Age gel Ze Ae.
11. A] ¢8}C|: to be hungry
BAGO Moll UF ABaICE
Ayaate oA WS Bolet-
12, G3}: immediately
B81 VS Ae
Az BB Ball 7h
13. #9): the surroundings
408 Sey FE Waeh
Yo} Qo] £971 BA) ZGSHCH
14. Be]ch: to dissuade
AA] UF Gye yD sa} SSS Bad.
UF ASS Bech 2F dai
15.n}218}C}: to have something ready
SAS Ole] Hee SYS idea.
ES GE me siel opjayq ach.gi BL sé 35
ea a é (Patterns)
68
1 gok CAD: fr Fer that lest ..; in the case that ..
sme pattern 87 BFA is used as a conjunctive to indicate the subject's worry
or fear about the event expressed in the conjunctive clause. The patter consists of the
jntertogative complementizer (the grammatical clement which makes the sentence the
vrmpiement ofthe main verb) plus the verb form S44. The verb form 2 is the
conracted form of Hef, and the last element 4 in 4 can be optionally deleted
vathout any change of meaning, The pattern ...g-7} 8}A{ means ‘for fear that ..’,
lest. oF ‘in the case that ....
() 8 27 SLA MSD YB AR.
| did it for fear that the black cow might feel sorry if he o me.
) ASE HN7t 7 Ft FAbS 71D 2.
@ AG) HASH FH SHS AVS Sad
4) YUE Of 7t M7} DEA Bt FHS Ae.
6) Bai7t Bale ot S7t Mle] Ass ach.
2. .. Ot BSHCf: to be inferior to ...; be worse than.., not as good as ...
‘The pattern ...2+ 28}C} indicates that A is inferior to B in ability or quality
‘when comparing the two entities A and B. The pattern can be paraphrased as ...eE3
$A] QU ‘not as good as’; thus, the sentence A By} Ra}e} can be said A= B
UE $2] Veh. The pattern ...et RS}C} means ‘is worse than ...", not as good as
.“, oF ‘is inferior to ...’
(D ARES. a7 7} Yet Rated sa Ast) Gael 8?
If we human beings hear that we are worse than others, don't we feel hurt?
@ 2 ARS ay] Be Rah.
G) 3 aH Ul ape Rateh.
OA SHE op ga Hele Vahch
©) Aue yo} shal w7|e Batha
Joy
3, ..C} SAL]: while doing something
1} denotes that while someone is engaged in an activity, some
red event occurs. The stem of verb forms occurs before the pattern .. c} yyy
- —- of the pattem ..c} 2L] is ‘while (someone is) doing something’
em
‘The pattern ..c} 2
() 1s a BU eel oFqaeus
It got dark while they were holding a meeting.
@ sq ay, Fao] BRST
@ Eyat zu, tol BNSF.
(4 ofop7| ate} BU, AZ 7He & BRST
©) olgaa A 24, Eel Bel Sie
‘Et: that (someone) had ..been
“The construction ...9@1 can be considered the adnominal form of the
construction ..4%4, since both indicate a similar meaning in different environments,
the former in the adnominalized sentence (which modifies the noun similar to English
relative clauses) and the latter in the finite sentence (or in the sentence-final ending
form). Thus, the construction ...g1¢1 denotes a certain situation took place in the past
but does not hold any longer. The meaning of the construction ...911 is ‘that (or who)
(Someone) had V-en
Ose Ss Md AIS 84S Wagud.
‘The person who had ordered the food also begged his pardon.
QA A PFLS Ae Avi Sopstey.
GO) 4E AY OE le a ete Jol 7} wotc
OARS Wt HARAS Seta Ao]
©) F287} Sas ct He We Asoc.gupstitution Drill
capo} 20] BH BAYS 1B BAS One,
I
ASS). 2aVz) 2.
BALI raza.
(y gale] GED: Wa sac.
@ eel G&D: ale ath.
@ ail Aap. FS Bol Wsich.
peaPA@ tt BUS] BUS Sse] SAS ay ade.
SE dH BUY Yo] AEC.
(2) TVS (2st). AW 14) 7} alytct.
2 aPAaMy ea). tel 1 FAAS.
G) 2ae (AH). AS Bol Sal Haq.
Grammar Drill
Laos} ao] °..(2)2} SYS 0] 8b] SAL] VAS VEL TRE
Baa.
Bee atch; 7H} > Ze at}
() ay
Qxaqg
® geaqBey 830)
Bo
4)
(5) #4
2. st Go] BAF} VE wpe Bata BALD.
Ee FORTUT
>= 79e eet
(HD @sore SHS
2) (aja Seat
G) (APE BWIt
(See Asstt
6) (S BAS AHS
OG & Al (Exercises)
eee oo
1. Answer the following questions.
() SFE 9 Hoch la Basu?
O) Ave Sea BLS MSU
6) #8 AS2 4 G4 EE NSE Fea salu TN?
@ 0] Ze 83) AS} oe Bol Bey yeurt?
O #E HE Ae EATS oe FAL olsun?
2. Translate the following sentences.
(1) John ran to the classroom in order not to be late for class. (....$%7} 3)
(2) Mary studied hard in order not to get a bad grade. (....27} Bb)
G) This yellow ox is not as good as that black one. (..2} Z8}C})
(@ This new book is not as good as that one. (...8 8}C})
(S) Talking to his friend, he was tate for the appointment. (... Fh 4)pp BASE »
werking arin the room, 1 did not even nace te person come in qh
34) .
Thats new finding that nobody thought of before (. i
erday | met my friend whom I had worked within Kora. ..gl@
©
@ Ye
complete each dialogue with your own ideas.
4
() AVES A717 UE RITE 22S G8 olgyar
pa Meath
aq Yel oll Tal hah Fed ofp a?
Oe
@ ga 3S2 AG VE AGE BT BA Be Yo}.
PAS 1771 AES] OF.
YE 9 A TBA BE Bo} ky?
AY] JA 471A FAS 712 Bojan?
UIE AAS B71E Slo} Qo} a.
Ud Hes TAS 712 Bojan?
6
4, Create a dialogue between A and B based on the following situation.
|. Situation
A and B are close friends. They are talking about the classes they are
taking this semester.
I Role Play
‘A complains about the chemistry class that he/she is taking. He/she
doesn't like the teaching assistant and speaks ill of him.Bey
gE
doesn’ i leamed about 3};
rt i kind of gossip. He/she just I 1
ae : te ae dss illustrate the story and advise A not to speak
Be from
ill of others.
i 2 Write down some brief
the two stories of the text
5, What can we learn from ¢ ie ee
thoughts. (22) F oleh S Ba PIE PAS MS F ASU Vespa y
BAIR.)
(el
ae a prime minister
ad to be young
a a street
se a conversation partner
Agee to be bored
8 a farm
20 to cultivate
ge a farmer
yaya a yellow ox
aga’ a black ox
ae Bob playfully
dye to come close; step up to
aae a whisper
worthless
to be somy; feel displeased (hurt); miss
for fear that; lest
others
to be inferior to ...; not as good as ...; be worse than ..
a mistake
thoughtlessly
broad-mindedly
to treat
honest; straightforward; upright
while doing something
Just; just (exactly) like
aag a feast tableat
Ao] 2G
gaat
yea
eed #2]
ad
ee
eat
cal
¢ Yada) Ad
aa
ae
(28 aq)
4
a4
Bol aac,
¥o] St}
aq)
[Dill]
aac}
Wa
Wl aarp
a government position
to be hungry (honorific form)
to make (let) a person do; order
to lose one's temper; be angry
arule
to violate
immediately
the surroundings
to dissuade
to have something ready; prepare
forgiveness; pardon
to beg
a lesson
to be thoughtful
to be smart
later
to plant
paddy fields and dry fields
to complain
at once; in a moment
to be generous
in advance; beforehand
separately; additionally
nature; disposition; temper
to doze; fall asleep
The night grew late.
to cost; spend money
a swallow
to be injured; be spoiled
a refrigerator
to catch a colda
eg
aye
eae at
BAT
agai
arate
(ae eal]
oad
carly moming; dawn; break
to drive a car
to help
a verb phrase
to praise
to study
what kind of characteristicsAl4 st SAS at oy
a NB] BY Ro]AE Aro] ojo} jo} Bo] 2y geese. ofp}
92 tse] Bo] top| ARGU. WAN ABS GE ool Say sa
ASS + ARSUCE ABS Say L7}ebo2 g Yo sas An) sot
eu
Ae ee kelo] 48] SS wy YAS aeiguoe ol HS a 4
34] Jo Ao} y + AEs de vie Rud. ALF
F Qi] Slo] 7} axle o]ejujs} Pop a Ae Ashe Sas!
FQ aEMc} Leo] co] Beat. Yor lod See a
VEAE She) wa ea) Byer dale] sfolahs ear Peer ABS
AB wesley
<=
Neat & Awe. ne muy deg Sobeeush oly eel Bat
Mt Eo) abs, AW BEM. ada ye
ap .
He Upsala) @akeug. ala} eye “Wodel 4
Se@ Wore
3Lupa set AS “OLY ols,
aoa] Batead of wa EU +
; ey ga gad aed a 22 WE eRe Hey
Algal aeEed
“ tol ae ‘ye eae aH 2 c. IB U7} Eee ag
o} si7}e Wake ul7t gop gas # BEA) BAUS Fe a gy 4
= gag depen Teer! eS DAGUT
aot eee as By As Sale MEO} NRA PY} wo} s
oye a7 Sate Ae 2 ately Do Py aps ce
an 4) ae Soe 1H ABE GS BI S48 SSG gy
o} sisi.
Cf (Dialogues)
© @4¥ lope az La a
AAG: BAS oop] S yar OW LWoa?
Yo} 7 oF SHH BYES ER}.
: doha. SHA AAD Soles SHA MUS 721 AS] Beha.
AyD AE C4ISAE SHS A218] Hoe D YAo} a.
+ UL ob SS Be] o}.a.
We a
hem
of
4
&
aL
(i) 3 a7) BA 47)
so: Gh PS Mg opag Be na Fe w+ goaa?
O14: BAS OME 4S WSO] SH Abo] gl oy} aa).
Fo): Rel, Poy} Seal BBs] SL chal 7 op
omy: UE aE Aas ged.
fo: 29, ee 7 Oe He AD US BNE ere?
old: ahd ek tke 7} BU aah.
(UD) 2h AZZ} Seo} wa ay
+: MBs de syeapy B2o] Seq.Op IIT
ase 6
ja 86 UAE AIS 8d ALS Cao gag,
ve Je ges aot BEE Aa ea?
ot WE fas Bel E71 PHT AGES Bag,
WF sede Pe OFAE SSA MY SE Bo} HEA.
Fy ald AS AS VE OH ah
qe
| gaa: alone
ae e BA Age ee.
Za Ags] SI jail FZ) aHeh.
2golalc to be separated from; be away from
de APSs BAA BA Mead.
$2] ANA 2S Ba FA BT Ao] Yeh.
3.4%: a talent
Fe) FUE Ae 7b) Ae7t Ad.
Asoc aae7} SC.
4.2: an effort
xaatel ot a do] gtr.
Ses] GE ATS uy Bolo!
5.22: from now on; in the future; hereafter
LS +7} AER] Bz] FRE YF W-
Fe] $22 Ya VISES Md.
S Alu}: to pass: go by
B gol aya} ae a) azalact.
let Bo] al upe vw] Ro] g 2] -B 7do] PUing that time
}: these days; in the meantime;
Tashy ge vgenie?
1 5u aa GUE sl Bs?
GAs skill; tact, defness
ojala] & S4l7t eq.
aol ca At BEL HT
9, 225: not at all; not in any way
a 4Ag STE BFE ZTE Se} Sst.
YE a day} 2s AL A A) Soh
10. 9:8]; rather (than); preferably
at ya DedT a2] ST Qs]2 BS Wo.
1 R4 HE ABCHE ale a7la] QE Ao] we}.
1. BA)C: to accompany (honorific form); live with
Ae 88 Fels Yege BAD day
ABMYS BAT 4s zeh.
12. aHASIaI: confidently; with confidence
B33 AA gal Sach.
$2 7H gal 2 Ue ah
13. Go} $: afer a while
Vi] Lo} F Bo} atch.
She De Ro gas Wad.
14,
este: {0 become crooked; get out of the straight
247 UF wh gol zicy,
TARE Eola ewes yay gc.15. ae to be evens 10 be the same
A ge tod Bold FO.
3) aa) St BLS ABS ch.
Ha.
aa é (Patterns)
1. .of/2} 20: together with ...
‘The pattern ...9}/3} 240] indicates that someone does something together with
someone else or something. Only nouns or noun phrases occur with this pattern. The
pattem means ‘(together) with...
() BABE Eel fms} Bol Aske}
‘A boy named ‘Han SokBong’ lived together with his mother.
QFE BIH Vo] HS wy7|z we
Gus a As} go] Yap) Ba
OARS Ba}o} go] watch
©) FAI YH} to] EAA BREF UWA
2... in order to ...; for... to ...; $0 that ..
The pattern © & has several uses. We will study some of these in this book.
The conjunctive clause headed by the pattem ...-3 in tis lesson expresses a definite
Purpose; thus, the sentence containing the conjunctive clause with the pattern "3
‘meses that someone did something for the purpose of achieving such-and-such. The
Meaning ofthe pattern... is “in order t0 .y'S0 a8 10 "5 OF OF 10
Oomye qxo) gue cf + VEs APS WS BRT
‘The mother sent Sokbong to the temple so that he could study rove.
®) $29) 5] ees gal Vojyec
GWMNE S$ Stes aA) VR
4S cho So] ayetEy Ha He A712Boy
48 Se
© page SUE TT SHES AES HE AMIE Mog
BFA.
3, | SEC: don't. let's not ..
‘The negative form 2} 3 is used only in imperative and propositive sentences,
‘The verb stem is attached to the pattem ...2) 9. The meaning of the pattern is ‘let's
not...” or ‘don't.
() Gor lod SS Aol S BAS sta] oleh.
Don't think about coming home for the next ten years!
@ y E44 ra] Ba APES Fol he}
GB) 2S2 Bl7t 247 Yell Uta] Bah.
@) AFH 2S 27] Br Ye He}.
() AB, 4] So} 22] opie.
4. .7|2 fC}: to decide to... plan to...
‘The pattem ...7] 2 8}C} is used with a verb stem to express the sentential
subject's decision among many altematives or to express the subject's decision on a
plan. The pattem ...7| 2 8}C} means ‘to decide to... of ‘to plan to...
OMS Rol Gita Ate Ave ae B12 RSet.
Sokbong who thought there was nothing more to learn decided to leave the
temple.
OQ SFe VU ye sz ad.
G) Ele WY ALA) Aye ach.
2 Age A ate o Ana
AE Ab] Z ach.
© Fae uaa ABS gq. . ‘A 4zb BBR ofv}e) 9
Substitution Drill
* Foal SYS HAS lB sq] o} 49} Qo) Bae gystaya.
Sl} ARS az wad.
IES ARS Az wad.
() NUS wGo) So] och. / BRS agp.
@ B74 AeA] eh. / FAS Ve aad.
@) 28} HS. / be Bas] Yeich
2....2]
108 Sek Sole Yzhe shy.
=> 10d EA SS Bz-e sha] wo}ey
() #8 Yn gaa.
@) 4 A)zbo} Sec}.
@ $a) Aza @c}.
IZ atc}
de ae hdd.
> ve ae cue se.
() Ao) 2H) S Bech.
2 Fee Ue co}.
@ Ue Ase A SS op I7) Seq.BCH 80)
50
Grammar Drill
1. Waid > wWislech YE > Veo sch
() 7c}
@ aye] kt
@ ag
@ aed
© ae
2. wed =>
() Seat
ao
@) 3g
@ tEq
© $a
3. che Aaah > 71 Aataioh
BAG+ aI 8-47) dee
(Det + Aaah
Q) F¥ac + ag
©) AR rch + gygaa} eb ea feed a
() AAS eH + Mabey
() eo + Bopstch
4 ch > Wo} ech
() St
(2) ac}
QB) ay
@ 71th
(5) telcp
2
& 2 Al (Exercises)
SSS
|. Answer the following questions.
(ABS Bal r= Zo] 9 7) MEU 7H?
2) AB9} ofp ye of ofE0] Sopste a= wby}glab] Sepa?
©) ABS] ole 9 HS DD Sg AD BEA?
4) ABS) omUE 9 ABS cy] dol BBs?
6) o] Zo] eg Aso} we Sol Ao] oy] Sass AS Ys
R422
2. Translate the following sentences.
(1) John walked to the library with his girlfriend, Mary. (... 9} 20])
(2) | went to see a movie with my brother. (...9} 20])
(3) Review what you have learned so that you can do better. (...5-$)
(4) | bought a piano for the children to study music. (...=3)
(5) Don't bring your friend here. (..4] EC)BCH Bo)
2
(6) Don't foo! around too much but study hard. (..2) BEEP)
(7) I decided to read that book. (..7] ae
(8) John decided to leave California. (..71 811)
3. Complete each dialogue with your own ideas,
() 4¥e S244 = a PEAl o}a]a?
go] Sree 2S RA.
(Clee) SA le gf FS Ba?
@ 882 yes I ASS AZ BueD 4a?
24 S484 OF Bal feze
AS) of eSa SHS sez sa?
© ABS ops Fle FMEA obala?
4S oF 2 Adele.
CABS) 298 BBS o4.97
a
4482 8817} 27] ets) See gol gay ge AUG. ls yz
AHS old (EAS SE De ESO gohy asta) qa gel waa.
Aa ce W4 Ausda. de Ages ge @ ey goad
AVAGO) oohe $4 SAA oe Bola. ofeliIo} al
FAS $48 aU aelola.
5. Create a dialogue between A and B based on the following situation
1. Situation
AA i a son/daughter who wil /
fiom California. A is supmeues nF the East Coast of the United States
he graduates fom the aero © Stay there for the next four years until
wan university,
mother who has supported A, through his/her studies.44a} BITS Of} 5s
Il. Role Play
A expresses his/her feeling and appreciation to B, A tells B about
study plans and wishes in detail, Ud
B encourages Ato study hard and advises hinvher about many things.
§ You should know many stories similar to the one we've read in class. Choose one
of them and write the story, providing the main characters and what hisher mother (or
father) did for his/her successful education, etc. (4:9) 4]zbo) $-2]7} ge aap
at oleb7i7t Bol le AUG. 3S Sale 23 aaa aol uae.
4 IAMGSO] THA, OMY (EE of 2))7} S/o] Tee gay oa
Ue REA SS)
‘¢ & (Glossary) .
(22)
AS a countryside
Sf ZO] together with
7hbsho} to be poor
Bah} alone
2 ground
eH handwriting
qk yg one day
7ES for ... to ..5 in order to ...
=u to send
7B dhe} to decide to ...; plan to ...
‘Golaycy to be away from; be separated from
* a talent
sa an effort
ee hereafter; from now on; in the future
a don't... let's not ..
to pass; go by
ae to leave
2st during that time; in the meantime
a) skill; tact; deftnessBa 80}
J
zas not at all; not in the least
wrslsict to be delighted
ae rather (than)
ws at to be unnecessary
a physical strength
Bag to accompany (honorific form); to live with
2M Bla confidently
ope after a while
a So}) ch to become crooked; get out of the straight
2 size; bulk
Sac to be even; be the same
ae a master of calligraphy
(is)
3 a green onion
ol a direction; inclination
we to be fast
fede] aq]
eae at to beg (one’s) pardon; to apologize for
(23 a]
ast
wat
aa
[Drills]
Tad
28)7} sich
ae
€
olabsh
aag
asc
wae
eq
aa
to be healthy
for (a period of)
a used car
to be thick
to be digested
rib
alcohol
to move
{0 be pleasant; to be delightful
{0 be painful; to be agonizing
oun phrase
to hide
to let (@ person) livea4} 814489} ofpfe] 55
(ae Ell
ool) U2 according to ...
aldatc to be kind
at always
AA shail in detailAls a} MSS Zs
BRAS DE AL eS Yo} Ie. DE BFo] ala}7] wo} US wo}
WAS ALES TE AS eq ge qe gaya Spach. HE FSH
SS WE Beth ee Apo] pe Arg eA] Fa, AES Ao]
87] Hole Se] Yzpech.
APE AS ANS war ajeag geo S22 ao. aya Ss
Se AS] W124 Ase AeEo) Lola Batale. of qe ye Bat
84 UY AGAS Says ad. Sz Ate] Qa AeA sla} ae
=o AME Pela go. ge AAS] Zo} 48]7] ao] Yay $zate}
SM SAA He 1G eee ach. om SURE as]a ae eA
AE B77) gych
UNE BE EAS AHI Aa oa A Kale an qu. ag ae
A 58 N89 BEE oa Bae. aay ge mag sain ala
22 9 77 aye HES Qo} Sy.
56ASI) ABS) DE 37
RA, NST AES SIZ ALS eld. Say, Arete] Bo] Bolt Alzbs}
Bee Wat 718, FH] AS AB Za. Ae 71Z9] Wspq F9q]e 7}
AE Aol Ste Aa, Huy eo] Bo] Q= Poe @ + oad Vag sp
A BETH. Ao] v) sz] 9] Ab} Ho] Vola, mee] WE a] Fo] Alaa} 7]
HEN. wal, Fo] Yow wAuy alse ol Pech. we alSol gale
o}] HH Bao] QA Alo EAD +H eh. vpajpow, aye olay q
= 7144 BSH AS Be USAF 0] Be.
CHS} (Dialogues)
© F984}
AB: of, 7] Bd] 4] of joj}.a?
BA: fn], AAA A, o] ALZOF o] Fe @ Wola] a?
AG: 2SHe] UA Ys} Ap Sajo]Al SES s7]Z Po}a. ofa]npr} Zo]
UR B12.
BP: AS vbaby} ola. o] $Ysol cu 2] Wa Me Po] sigioja.
A: AFR. olup7} Zo] ofa] S79?
Bo: Foha.
(1) a4}
Fo: & oS 28a) Fa) 7a?
& TAA] SZoF 7hok SHS] HAWO.2.
Fu: we] 7hoRRu] A. Way 6A) eo]ol} a.
= SAS Efok 7p?
+: ay Awe ELE AUS Aad a. do] He Azoly7a.
= gee. wo}98.
(UU) 78 o] 44
5): A 0] Bri] SLO}?
cle: ae vlghal. we Aba7t YA} Zo] UF Ho}.
Fo): BAP gIO}?Bel 830)
‘58
ses opjop a Wat aia seb} Aste ed M7F aL
at: pe a
resi?
ray sepa we 2 & aba rae ek aad ah A
ae: Eee). 9 4a Bo?
\#B40] 0} (Vocabulary Usage)
a in A
1, BI AZ: traffic congestion
MSE DE ASLE Do] AF HC.
BE AZ AZo) Fa) FAA Awe,
2. AlaHCH: to be excessive; be extreme
AGE DE AZ Yah
FH] Malay FS Ptah
3, HALE: most; majority; the better part (of ...)
o] ao} AMIS! GAS alapol ep.
0] A] WBS RE AbD] glch.
4, B4b3}q}: to be complicated; be complex; (as of a bus) be crowded
ol Eatvhs] WES oF Babs.
0] AS UE BabA olala}7] ola.
5. BAIT: to miss; fail to catch
BE AS AZo as Sac.
WAS $a Bae qe ao.
6. 8] 3}c}: to waste
ADS Hela) ar of aay.
Jet @ ES apap] gen.ASHE AGS) DE 59
7. 210] 88] Ch: a road is blocked; traffic is jammed
Ao) HAA Aol] SAC.
BE ANU} Ul Ao] aah.
8. 371 C}: to move a date up; advance a date
SIE AEA FS S717 doled.
GE AB S374 ole] were.
9. 3 ASCH: to solve; settle
1 VS Was + ME AGS F Fez
Be AAS] Oo] LAF AAs] Mal Sata gh
10. o} 213): still; as before
FOE asl of
&
th.
ate as See
a
BE 2 ad.
11. 3}8}C}: to avoid
PIS PALE AS WR.
4] 313) 7bi) hoe Soizte.
12, 22: a gist; point; tip
o] AS FS AUS TEE ABo] Ba giep.
Fs al VHS BBE QBS Ve] FA.
13, 9] 3p}: to go out
As Pole Jean a.
Us dee 24 au Teac.
14. 0] 11% C}: to be slippery; be sleek
o] de eo] 2 oF H] NYC.
Ao] YF») nay yAy Boat0 BIH BIS0)
15, t]& aE: mass transportation
a) sole dS DELO a7] HE Bel 1ST.
ase qe w¥ol a ves) ach
2B OS (Patterns)
es te ee
1. ..C2Di= BO] SIC: there is a saying that ...; people often say that
The pattem ..(2})% to] QIU} is derived from the original form ...2}. 8H=
0] Qe}; that is, the quotative marker 7 and the main verb 8} are deleted. The
pattem is used to express a hearsay, rumor, quotation, common saying, etc.
() Foe DE ASE Vo] gle}
In Korea, there is a saying that traffic is hell.
@ Ao] Gow BE Sche wel sich.
OA EHS Era UE wo} yeh.
@ APE AI2] SEo|eHE wo] sich.
(©) “OS Rol Belch ee wo} sich.
2. ..(04)O} BE: @ thing) that (one) has to ..; that is supposed to
The pattem ...(0})o} @ is an adnominal (or attributive) form of ...(0])o 3}
which was studied in Lesson 4. Thus, the pattem expresses obligation or necessity.
O old We UF Saha ulelo @ aHAS Sall= Beh.
Sometimes, they are so crowded that people fail to get off at the bus stop
they're supposed to do so.
Q) Wok SAB] Popay wpwrp.
@) BFE ul} B Solo & xR}.
O AAS 442 B az]E yo} Sq.
(6) 252 Hot @ Yo} Bry.AL SZ} AVS) DE or
3. ..K}: upon V-ing; when ...j as ...
The suffix 2} is a conjunctive, to which action verb stems are added. In this
lesson the conjunctive ...2} means ‘upon V-ing’, ‘when’, or ‘as’, which must be
distinguished from the meaning of ‘as soon as ....
() 2 Azo] Qe Aaa 37 ABdSo] YB= Pe}a|D We.
As it takes longer going to the office, the workers’ lifestyle also changes.
2) SaYSo] BF uy} Wao] eaAdh.
G) AFE BAS AEH) 4 daze warac.
(4) ae Avpz7} Gt @A} Br) H Zo] Sach.
() 27] So] Ala FAS B20] Sch.
is good (or better) for someone/something to do
fir
20] SC
The pattern ...& 210] SU} consists of four grammatical elements, the present
imperfective {=, the nominalizer 7, the copula 0], and the descriptive verb $c}.
Verb stems are added to this pattern in order to express the meaning ‘it is good (or
better) for someone (or something) to ....
() B 74] 8932 CoE Ae] $F.
It's good to have handy a few know-hows.
2 $9] +E We AE Aol Sd.
G) ABS AHA GHS BE Ae] $c.
@ Sale Pe] WF Ae] $d.
©) Te Bey BE Ao] Sq.
5. ..0l] 247i] G10]: regardless of ...; irrespective of ...; in spite of ...
‘The pattern ...o] 2:2] Qo] consists of three elements, oj] ‘with’ or ‘to’, 342]]
‘relation’ or ‘connection’, and gio] ‘without’ to form an adverbial phrase, meaning
tegardless of, irrespective of, in spite of, or notwithstanding. Nouns are added to this
Pattern to form an adverbial phrase.62 BH 8130)
(1) BE AS Ba gol 4 Bal Ast Azo EAT + Qc
It's possible to get 0 one’s destination on time regardless of traffic
congestion.
(2) Alztal) Bal Gol HF aU aspera A
G) Baa) Ba) glo) Peake a Sree
(4) o] @E2 ola) Bal gol TU SH + Tt
(5) LA) AS AAo} Bal gle] 49S BF UA
Substitution Drill
LG F EBL olf FS AGE] 9} Zo] wEPAIA.
old ABEL BRAS SAS Beh / ulelor Beh.
> oe ARES Ueto VHS AS Beh
(1) 9S Salt gle} / Bulk Bey
@) Bae ¥ Bra / Baa) razor ae
@) Mo} Bo] ge} / ce FHA) glojok Bey
LOS F EMS AVS AL} 9} Vo] waza.
@e Alzko] Qa} Bela] ec} / avelso} Yas Sepals.
> So Ato] oa Aza Sa} aAgelso) yas Pep w leh
() 87 RCE alt Beat
@ Be) Ssich/ Bay} wy wgicy
@) eo] Bol ach / aE ADI Bo] yop
3. BAe Os .
OE EVES WE Aol SR Agate} 9} Yo] wRALA.
“wh 83914 25 ABE ote ga age gored.
U544 DE ASL Malele B 77] aes gorSe gol FbAS3} ABS) DE
() de Wa Sch.
Q) FAALS Seer.
@ AMS J BAD ve] ays] SH.
Grammar Drill
LOS Bag Fela BUS pa Aas Jee gee.
Ao] =3]c} => Zo] B8]7] Aol; Ao] Wel Fol)
> ABMSS Aol s)7] Al UA eae.
(1) a
@ aa
8 eq
eq
© ad
2. O83} 20] BAS wea I ES wae.
Ue} + oo} Se} > gop Sc}
aq
2) Ach
GB) ec
(4) Bec}
6) aq
63Bel 0)
64
3. gs} tel GARE wR Tahoe Vel BAL.
ee} => epee
Med
Qaq
@ a
@ Aq
() yc
AS & Al (Exercises)
1. Answer the following questions.
ABS) Ueto @ AAS BALE ole
@ rote Ao] bs Bo] YEhYA) go
gun
© #2 Atel 2a Aaa) Sz} We Avel Se] gaol od wap}
AneUA?
@ ABE) Bo] Vole As} Aro Is So} wala.
©) Fe] LS Wh sf HAUS asa! He Wo] Fora?
2. Translate the following sentences.
(1) There is a saying that “Time is money. (..2}% yo} 9)c})
(2) There is a saying that “Knowledge is power.” (...2}% 20] ap
(3) T have many books that | have to read by Saturday. (..0}0} @)
@) Paris isthe city you have to visit in Europe. (.0]0} ®»
G) When she became a president, she worked a lot. ( a)
(©) It started to rain as 1 got off the bus. (...2})
( You'd better leave now if you don't want to be late for school. (... 22]
ey)ASH} AZ) DS oS
(8) I think you had better take some cold medicine. (...% 20] $t})
(9) Regardless of age, anyone can see this movie. (...¢l] 2+] Q1])
(10) She always wears short pants regardless of the weather. (...o]] #2] glol)
3. Complete each dialogue with your own ideas.
() Sz Azo] Qe AAA ABI] Yao] of Pa] Pepwo}.a?
MA SZIAY BA 2A LSS aya.
(FALLS) SF AZ] Qe Aza Bal salo}.a?
Q ALA PISS Fel of Ba] 4.2?
WAU 7a VE ASTSS lSaa.
(GAEL) Bal Awol] Guya?
@) BAe Ao] AIA HSol] SS a7} Bora.
att Bo] 4Y8l4] TBz)a. 2a SUA yrs.
(FAEL) $F] SA] 7] Hayy of Ba) 3.2?
4. Se Gat UF eee] Yslo TS FV] ARS of of ga) S ela]
wey Bala.
BIE AY TA AS AoA Bes} Rhy] Bas B7]e
MSU. BSE AS AIRY A] G7] Mahe] 6AJoH aaj}
SUasUT. Tao) See} Ao] 48] Aso] Sola] Rech.
BIE $4 Az] EAs] EDF US A gts.6 Be B10)
5. Create a dialogue between A and B based on the following situation.
I. Situation
‘A and B are supposed to meet in front of Kyung-Bok Palace. A is
visiting Seoul for the first time. Even though A took a taxi, A arrives an
hour late. B who lives in Seoul arrives almost on time because he/she left
home two hours earlier.
II, Role Play
‘A asks some questions regarding the difficult traffic situations that he/she
experiences in Seoul and asks for some tips to avoid them in the future. B
feels sorry for what happened to A. B tries to give some tips: for
‘example, A would have arrived earlier if he/she took the subway.
6. Suppose you live in a city with traffic congestion like Seoul. Then choose one of
the following four ways to solve the traffic problem; which one would you do or
Fecommend and why? (M-EA}% DF ANSo] A SAJO) A ghee zpsH
ZAG. TIGR, beh Fo}al Yl 77] PVE reo) of We ail Raisin
MOM M? ole Foley Ay
() To go to and leave the office two hours earlier than usual. (23} } =
ARS F Ala eezic}.)
i) To reduce the number of cars by imposing a law of just one car per
household. (@ 7}0] 2HEa} G@ aheh 7h + gla) aay apEat eS
eq)
ii) To increase the public transportation facilities such as buses and subways.
(AS Belz Aas go) wer.)
(iv) To construct as many streets as possible. (E2S Fo] aarp)ASD} AVES) DE
+ & (Glossary)
[ze]
Be
Ag
AS
ask
ayy) ste}
obey
Ae
ue
ao] ops|c}
ea
aa
traffic; transportation
the hell; inferno
indigestion; digestive disorders
to be excessive; be extrerne
to waste
an appointment; promise
a place
to show up; appear
traffic is held up or jammed (lit. a road is blocked)
usually; oftentimes
most; majority; greater/better part (of ...)
citizens; townsrnen; civilians
a subway; underground railway
to use; utilize; make use of
office attendance; going to work and leaving work
to be cornplicated; be complex; be intricate
a bus stop
to miss; fail to catch
to be taken; be needed; be required
a salaryman; company worker
to becorne different; be changed
vicinity; neighborhood
to move a date up; advance a date
government
to solve; settle
to avoid; shun
a gist; point; tip
to go out
a place for a wedding cerernony
a time(period) for sale
a department store
to be slippery; be sleek
regardless of
to be accurate; be correct; be exact
a journey; trip
a high-speed bus
‘mass ‘transportation
67
ateBic B30)
68
(ais
a} the same; likewise; too; either
olay later
Fa in a hurry
fete] aa]
- headache
ae a content
aE a penny (used in a negative sentence)
3}8}3} a scientist
meq to choose; pick (out)
[Drills]
arc
wg oelch
wayqee
ad
(ae zal]
su
EAR
Fas
Olt
Aaatep
a habit; acquired tendency; customary practice
eighty
social
an animal
in many ways
a ticket price
suddenly; all of a sudden
to quit; stop doing something
starting; departure; leaving
a season
to tidy things up; pick up; put things in order
to be totally empty; be entirely vacant
regularly
to dot; print; cut down
in the middle of
not at all; by any possibility
to recommend
a reason; cause
to construct; buildAS aE hee) wo Sey} SAA Bolsteh. eo) ely} Golgi y
BAG. U7} bea] Qa A Rel FalctD Pe] eS SAS gel we
PIMA 7h USC FAS EBM BE EASE. of@ ofo] Foye op
Fa BF PAS wepoic.
WIE CUS VOT holo] FS 7}ebs] aaa casts Wea
th
“AAleh MAL Ul Aly] Bol w]e Yt Az S HY, $e) 10] Ho}
2) & myo} ae
ble B SSS 14m VY ¥ opal go} Seip.
HE TUS] ES 7Heh8) webu atch ola) aay} GES Yowa oshy
1 Se ee AAA Tey a CoE 92) 9480} 7aI3) REA
He Vo] So} ae alee deta.
HA Fe] AS FAl HHA VASO] Yo} AME $e yo wa ge
0Bry Bho}
70
G. Woe THe opp Bal SOA PSS oe MY Pes mee
foe mage} 2c. aaa Aes oe mY lel7t PS Ustey. a
Bane Q ‘ORA' aaah.
aA Pele opis] ES He elepT BR
LEE Uy) ES Bg. ASO Waly} Aap keh. Ao}e} So} aD
ZE APO] Solr. Ter uy Soe FUM7} SRSA Aol meal Ql A
a 4.
bo
oe
2
aglch. fe) EU} oH eS Vad FD AA NYS] &L vbepuela
pio} ala det AGS ch) Mw Lal hal olmly9} Eo]
2 obSgal wale.
q
CH 3} (Dialogues)
© aha] Fe
Qk Azo] & SHAY. oe] ofc?
AT MAS obsHh.A. ofs} ofa wo] ofo] ASUS YH wo] Yopal el
BGolol.a.
Soh Aa. Be) oy? yy} He ACEO] S ay 7] S Fgeh.
At: ala.
a OSHS a AUP go] ya) dopey.
At AVA. TAA Ao Se BU Fe} Be WH GSW go}a.
(“a7 PALO
at Wold Gay ae Bagi?
BS: Mol Bab ane al 7 BALMO}. YE?
Az U Bao] Ae Fr go}
Ba: Ba? a7
a4: 259 Was Qa Fa we AE BAA ous
B38: Boh US 4 We A Fa PAs. aa ope] oss Waal
THA7E Bho}AL OD} Of wi
(ut) 47)
At 4 B11 AU A soe. REE UOT XE aja.
Us B71 Ago} a?
As Y.ARVEME F wz] Mora.
Us Wid Ave a FS Po] oly ¥ aX wo] ae sag.
At: ul. Teobwo] 2.
\¢ZrO| “40! (Vocabulary Usage)
1. AF UT}: to be ... years old
AAAS O43 ad Bo) giep.
2 ble UE as yeh. ‘3
2. E}: a mote; particle; foreign element
eel El7} So} 7}A} of Ech.
BAG HE Tol EY} Sei7}z] SES zAlaof seh,
3. 3] B: to treat; remedy
Ae BS HAA Bol 7 ales Wetec.
o) Be AB7} oad.
4. 7/28}: quietly; tenderly
obo} Hers] QA) Bech
UE 7H] YES Sec}.
5. a7]: a young animal .
1D] As} Ady] 7} Ro) ead ge.
9] HE OA whe) Alle ested.
6. wh2]c}: to fall in (into)
aL Abo) Eel) wal of] Agr}.
A= UF Bea Ae sel wid.2 Bio} sto)
7. Ala) th: to take out (of water); rescue
Bol mal Sp 7b aA FRY?
Bola] Ae AAG.
8. %: a bosom; breast; a place between ‘one’s chest and breast
oii aot FR Folete.
ovr7i Boy alla) AEA.
9. 2.4) tf: to stop
v7} ZHOU 7h.
oi} oa} bl Se TAT.
10. @1ai]: someone's age (honorific word)
AES AA; OBA FAB?
ola pg Aal7} Be] Exch
11. FAITE: to be rough
2S 397; Bel Aaa.
Aa et od Se wg?
12. Alu] 8}c}: to be mysterious
A obo] Aula a7} gl ech.
YEA Sol Mle BAS ge.
13. ol] Bz}Ch: to contract a disease
AAD FS Bol Agu?
Bol AU ARS o] Fol & + gol g.
14. ACEC: to stroke
ANd] 2 Ho} eS ado} eHa.
tohize Be adeaa.AA Oa} Ope 73
15. 18}2]C}: to be missing; lack
47] 2} 72) abo] Bed Wale match.
23 ANZA A obi7t mach
= SB AS (Pattems)
1. OF PAI (01): however ... may be ...; no matter how .
The pattem o}-7-2] ...(0])S is used to express the meaning ‘no matter how...’ or
“however ... may be’. The verb stems are attached to ...(0) =.
() U7} Algal Factz o}Fe] VHS | SAMS Sea Pojyolal 7}
Byaich.
No matter how many times I told her that I would treat her, she went to her
grandmother, crying more loudly.
@) Bat obFe] Ywe UE Yao} Asalz] gad.
GB) Fe Re] ols 7} HE] ded.
@ Arr bee ASS AE UE BAD F Ge.
©) E31 bFe] olstE Yeo 72] ged.
2. 0] H}2ICf: to do something completely; to end up doing something
The verb 13]2]¢} in the pattem ...o] 19] 2]¢} functions as an auxiliary verb in the
Composite verb construction of the action verb stem plus o} 1] 2]c}. The pattem ...0}
}121C} denotes the completion or termination of the event or the action. The pattem
also implies that as a result of doing something thoroughly, it was accomplished. The
English equivalent of the pattem ...0} 1] 2]C} is ‘to do something completely’ or ‘to
end up doing something’
(©) obel7t SAA Bol yolals. 7 wate.
‘The child ended up going to his grandmother while she was crying.
2 AAE IH) Oo oly PALS Ao} of lo} wayaga.re
js
oe
Hy
2
@ 4 Mado] AY Vay 7b wea
(Ue Bo] deb SO BS ob wR.
(5) UF SBA AES) 2 Bol 4 MRC
3. .
