Republic of the Philippines

Surigao del Sur State University (SDSSU)

Tandag City, Surigao del Sur

Module 2: The Life Journey of Dr. Jose Rizal

Introduction

Heroes, according to a popular saying, are not born; they are made. Rizal and his
contemporaries are product of their time. They are molded by their environment and
situations which constitute the call of history. They simple responded to this call at
the cost of ignoring their personal welfare and proceeded to put the nation toward its
historical path.

This module has been written to provide useful tool toward a better understanding
of the life, times, ideas and ideals of Jose Rizal. It contains a brief story of Rizal’s life
and outline of his journey in the Philippines and abroad. It answer issues regarding his
life and his place in the pantheon of heroes.

It is hope that this module can help the Filipino students develop values that
instill the mind of patriotism, discipline, courage and perseverance whom Rizal called
“the fair hope of the motherland”. They will understand the different elements that
came together to create their history and culture as a group of people.

Through this module, the young readers will also acquire the ability to understand
and analyze the present issues, decisions and events in the country. It will enable them
to see the wider picture beyond the personal life of Jose Rizal and understand why he
chose the path of martyrdom.

This module were outlined in the units which are accompanied by different
lessons designed for a three-day activity. For each unit, there is a set of questions
intended to give students an overview of the events. It also contains exercises
intended to develop positive values based on Rizal’s experiences.

Utmost care and other methods were used in order to preserve the materials for
the young students to understand. In this kind of learning module that deals with a
very broad topic, it is inevitable that there will be some weaknesses and /or
deficiencies. Even so, this work is a product of collective responsibility for important
contributions especially in helping our students gain positive knowledge, which are
invaluable for the youth of the country today.

Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of the course, students should be able to

1. Point out important landmarks in the life of Jose Rizal.

2. Describe the characteristics of Jose Rizal.
3. Develop critical and analytical skills on the complex life events of Rizal.

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4. Analyze the context and perspective of a hero.
5. Effectively communicate, using historical analysis of a particular event that could
help others understand various issues in the past.
6. Propose recommendations/solutions to present-day problems based on their
understanding of root causes and their anticipation of future scenarios.
7. Display the ability to work in a team and contribute to a group project.
8. Manifest interest in local history and concern in promoting and preserving our
country's national patrimony and cultural heritage.

Instructional Materials

This module will utilize various instructional materials such as textbooks,

articles, documentaries, powerpoint presentations, films, pictures and other learning
resources which can be used in both face to face and online classroom.

Procedure / Lesson Development

 Motivation

1. How do you describe a typical Filipino Family?- The typical Filipino Family
convert with husband, wife and children, extending to Grandparents, aunts, uncles and
cousins.
2. Do you think Dr. Jose Rizal has an ordinary or a typical Filipino Family?
- Yes
3. Can you compare your own family to Rizal’s family?
- My family is atypical family with a good and well discipline members which
the Same with Rizal’s Family.
4. Do you think a family background can affect an individuals’ life?
- Many studies have proven that family relationships greatly impact people
Throughout their life, especially the relationships formed during early-
childhood. Family relationships and background can greatly affect children
and shape who They become as adults.

Unit 1. Rizal’s Family Background

A. Birth
1. Date: June 19, 1861
2. Place: Calamba, Laguna

B. Parents
1. Father: Francisco Mercado
2. Mother: Teodoro Alonso y Realonda

C. Siblings
1. Saturnina
2. Narcisa
3. Olympia
4. Lucia
5. Maria

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6. Concepcion
7. Josefa
8. Trinidad
9. Soledad
10. Paciano

Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise 1. Modified True or False: Write the surname of your instructor when the
statement is true and change the underlined word with the correct answer if the
statement is false.

False 1. Francisco is the only brother of Rizal.

True 2. Saturnina was the closest to Rizal among his siblings.
False 3. Trinidad died when Rizal was a boy.
True 4. Rizal was the 7th of the eleven (11) children in his family.
False 5. Paciano was the youngest siblings in his family.

Exercise 2. Investigate on the Family Background of Dr. Jose P. Rizal.

 Educational Status
 Jose Rizal’s first teacher was his mother, who had taught him how to read and
Pray and who had encouraged him to write poetry. Later, private tutors taught
The young Rizal Spanish and Latin, before he was sent to a private school in
Biñan. When he was 11 years old, Rizal entered the Ateneo Municipal de

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Manila. Medical Studies in University of Sto. Thomas, Ophthalmology studies
and travels In Europe and Academic Journey to Spain.
 Economic Status
 He came from wealthy family. The fifth generation family of Jose Rizal
belongs To the middle class, but because of his hard working father, they
catapulted Among the wealthy ranks in Calamba, Laguna.
 Social Status
 Rizal belonged to a middle class family that could provide him with a
university Education here and abroad.

Exercise 3. Illustrate your own Family Tree. Compare your family structure to
Rizal’s Family?

- The structure of my family is not very similar to Jose Rizal’s family, because
they Have a more prosperous lifestyle that really comes from a good life, than
us that I can say we really come from a poor family but have good habits in
each self That we sustain our lives together even in the hardships of life that
we play Every day.

Summary

Family is considered to be the foundation of social life for most Filipinos. The

family of our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal has an important factor that influence his
values and characteristic as a person. Rizal depict a good example of a son to his
parents and a brother to his siblings. His family was one of his inspiration in showing
courage and fidelity to fight for freedom and equality in the country.

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 Motivation

1. How important is education to you?

- Education is a very powerful weapon to grow in my life and perceive
something Important. In a human’s life, education benefits a lot in decreasing
the Difficulties of a hard life. A good education is extremely essential for
everyone To grow and to succeed life. A reliable education provides many
purposes to life Like an individual improvement and makes everyone brilliant
and as excellent as Possible.
2. What do you think does education may contribute to your life?
- The contribution of education in to my life are, it can fulfill myself in every
trial That I go through in my life and it is also my weapon to people who want
to Judge and here I can also achieve my dreams to have prosperous life and
open Many doors for possibilities to obtain more real prospects in my life to
improve Growth

Unit II. Rizals’ Education

A. Early Childhood
1. First teachers hired by his father:
a. Lucas Padua
b. Leon Monroy

2. His mother, Dona Teodora

a. Reader used: El Amigo de los Ninos (The Children’s Friend)
b. Prominent lesson learned as a young boy was from :The story of the
moth”

B. Influences From Other Members of His Family

1. Uncle Gregorio, who taught him the value of hard work, to think for
himself, and to observe his surroundings keenly.
2. Uncle Jose, who encouraged him to sketch, paint, and make sculptures.
3. Uncle Manuel, who encourage him to pursue his physical development. He
taught the young boy swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other sports.
4. His yaya (nanny) who told stories that awakened the imagination and
creativity of the young boy. She told stories of duwendes (dwarves), ghosts, and
aswangs (evil spirits), of the beautiful Mariang Makiling and other tales on the
beautiful surroundings of his hometown, Calamba.

C. Artistic Endeavors

1. Poems written:
a. “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”
b. “Un Recuerdo de Mi Pueblo” (“A Memory of my Town”, a poem
about Calamba)

2. He made sculptures out of mud.

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3. He drew things surrounding their house like trees, flowers, birds,
butterflies, and anything he saw around him. He used charcoal and juices of
leaves and flowers for colors.

D. Formal Education

1. Place: Binan, Laguna

a. Teacher: Justiniano Aquino Cruz
b. Process used in teaching: He was quick to discipline his students for
any infraction using a short, thin stick.

2. Injustice to the Rizal Family

a. Dona Teodora was accused as an accomplice of Jose Alberto of trying
to poison his wife.
b. Dona Teodora tried to mediate between the spouses but she was
accused of trying to poison the wife.
c. Dona Teodora was thrown to jail.

3. As a student of Ateneo (1872-1877)

a. Jose Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal as an eleven-year-old.
b. His close friendship with Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, S.J. inspired
the young student.
b.1 Some poems written under the guidance of Fr. Sanchez:
- “The Tragedy of St. Eustace”
- In the Memory of My Town”
- “Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good
Education”
- “Through Education Motherland Receives
Enlightenment”
b.2 He had excellent achievements and graduated highest in his
class.
b.3 Other activities while in Ateneo:
b.3.1 He studied painting under Agustin Saez.
b.3.2 He studied sculpture under Teodoro Romualdo de Jesus.
b.3.3 He carved the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary on a
batikuling wood.
b.3.4 He carved the image of the Sacred Heart.
b.3.5 He joined the organization Marian Congregation. His
mentor was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J.
b.3.6 He was a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature.
b.3.7 He was a member of the Academy of natural Sciences.
B.3.8 Fr. Jose Villaclara, S.J. encouraged him to pay attention
also to the sciences and philosophy.

4. As a student of the University of Santo Tomas:

a. He enrolled at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters; majored in
Philosophy, 1877-1878
b. In S.Y 1877-1878, he returned to Ateneo and took up a course on land
surveying which was offered then as a vocational course.

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b.1 He completed the surveyor’s course and was awarded the title
perito agrimensor.
b.2 He passed the final examination for the course.
b.3 He could not practice the surveyor’s profession since he was still
underaged when he passed the course.
b.4 He was issued his certificate on November 25, 1881, at the age
of 20.

c. He pursued medicine at the University of Santo Tomas.

c.1 Some of his grades were still excellent but he also had lower
grades.

d. He submitted an entry in the Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila in

1879, entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth).
d.1 He won first prize in the contest.
d.2 He was awarded a silver quill.
d.3 For the first time, he used the phrase “the youth, the fair hope of
my country” (kabataan, pag-asa ng aking bayan”)

e. In 1880, literary contest was held by Liceo Artistico Literario de

Manila. Jose Rizal submitted an entry entitled El Consejo de los Dioses
(Council of the Gods).

e.1 This was held in commemoration of the 400 th death anniversary

of Miguel de Cervantes, Spain;s national poet.
e.2 This poem was in praise of Cervantes and made him coequal
with Homer and Virgil.
e.3 He was awarded the grand prize.
e.4 The award was a gold ring with an engraved bust of Cervantes.

f. Other literary works:

f.1 “Junto al Pasig” - This one-act play was requested by the Jesuits
on the feast day of the Immaculate Conception. This was a satire
showing the good elements and bad elements. In the end, it was a victory
for the good elements.
f.2 “A Filipinas”

g. He decided to discontinue his studies in the Philippines and continue

in Spain:
g.1 To widen his knowledge;
g.2 To avail of more conducive conditions in Europe; and
g.3 He wanted to learn a cure on the worsening eye condition of his
mother.

Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise 1: Identification: Indicate the correct answers to the following questions

below:

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Uncle Gregorio 1. Rizal’s uncle who taught him the value of hardwork.
Yaya Nanny 2. She told stories of ghosts, aswangs or other evil spirits that
awakened the imagination and creativity of the young boy Rizal.
Sa aking mg a kabata 3. It was Rizal’s first poem when he was seven.
Justiniano Aquino Cruz 4. He was Rizals’ teacher in Laguna, who used a thin stick
when students cannot answer in the class.
Fr. Fransisco de Paula Sanchez, J.J 5. He was the priest in Ateneo who guide and
inspire Rizal to write more poems.
Uncle Jose 6. Rizal’s uncle who encourage him to sketch, paint and make sculptures.
A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth 7. It was an award winning piece of
Rizal in the Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila in 1879.
El Consejo de los Dioses 8. It was Rizal’s literary piece which won grand prize in
1880.
Medicine 9. Rizal’s first course in the University of Santo Tomas.
Dona Teodora 10. She told Rizal a prominent lesson about “The story of the Moth”.

Exercise 2: Explanation. Discuss the following questions below.

1. How do you describe Rizal as a student?

- Rizal enrolled in the Universidad central de in two courses – Medicine and
Philosophy and letters. Aside from his heavy studies in the university he
studied Painting and sculpture in the academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando;
took lesson In French, German and English under private instructors.
2. Who do you think is the most important person that influence Rizal to be excellent
and determined to his studies? Why?
- His parents and the people that needed his help because he pursues his studies
in order to help other people’s needed him.

3. Can you enumerate the talents and skills of Dr. Jose Rizal during his studies in the
Philippines? How do you think Rizal acquires these abilities in his young age?
- The talents of Rizal are; sketch, paint and make sculptures also swimming,
Fencing, wrestling and other sport. He also a talent in writing a poem and
novel. I think Rizal acquires these abilities because of his perseverance and
Determination that he can do it all.

Exercise 3: Write an Essay on this “Editorial Cartoon”

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Summary:

For Rizal, the mission of education is to elevate the country to the highest seat of
glory and to develop the people’s mentality. Since education is the foundation of
society and a prerequisite for social progress, Rizal claimed that only through
education could the country be saved from domination. The life of Rizal as a student,
from his childhood to his college days has been an example of excellence and
determination. Rizal portray impressive talents, abilities and skills and has proved
himself in different literary competitions however these brought him into more
profound realization about the true condition of his country and fellow Filipinos.

Motivation:

1. What is the most exciting experience do you have in traveling from far places?
- The most excited experience in my travels to different places is their cultures
And customs in themselves that I can relate to in my area. Especially with
their Food and beautiful places they are proud of.

2. Is there any place in the world you want to visit? What place is that and why?
- The place I want to go in my whole life is to be able to travel here in the
Philippines so that I can go around the beautiful sights. And we should also
love Our own culture and get to know ourselves better because it’s more fun in
the Philippines.

Unit III: Rizal Journey’s Abroad

I. First Trip to Europe

A. Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3, 1882.

1. He left for Spain with the blessings of his brother Paciano and his uncle,
Antonio Rivera.
2. He decided not to seek his parents’ blessing knowing they would never
approve of his plan.
3. He secured endorsements from Pedro Paterno.
4. He first stopped in Singapore; Colombo in Sri Lanka; Aden in Yemen; and
crossed the entire length of the Suez Canal. They landed at Port Said, Egypt;
Naples in Italy; and disembarked in Marseilles, France.

B. Activities in Marseilles

1. Jose Rizal went to Chateau d’If, the venue of Alexandre Dumas’s novel, The
Count of Monte Cristo.
2. He boarded in Portbou. He noticed the indifference of the Spanish immigration
officers compared to the courteous French counterparts.

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C. He arrived in Spain

1. He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital of the Spanish province, Cataluna.

According to him, the people were indifferent and he arrived during the summer
vacation of the students.
a. In this city, he found out that the people of the city enjoyed freedom and
liberalism.
b. He wrote essays for Diariong Tagalog.
b.1 “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country)
b.2 “Los Viajes” (Travels)
b.3 “Revista de Madrid” (Review of Madrid)
c. He met his classmates from Ateneo at the Plaza de Cataluna.

2. Madrid

a. He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3, 1882. He

enrolled in the following courses:

a.1 Medicine
a.2 Philosophy and Letters

b. He took courses at the Academy of San Carlos

b.1 Painting and Sculpture

b.2 Languages: French, German, and English

c. He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and Carbonell

c.1 Shooting
c.2 Fencing

d. Important people he met:

d.1 Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate of freedom and self-determination.

Students from South America hailed him as their champion. He joined his
students and other supporters to this end.
d.2 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, a Spanish liberal who used to live in the
Philippines.

e. Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino

e.1 It was a social organization where the members talked on the reforms
needed in the Philippines.
e.2 This group was mostly made up of elder Filipinos who were the exiles of
1872.
e.3 It held informal programs which included poetry reading and debates.

f. He joined freemasonry

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f.1 He became a member and his masonic name was “Dimasalang”
f.2 Freemasonry was an organization outlawed by the Catholic Church
because its beliefs are contrary to the doctrines of the Church.
f.3 A mason’s outlook in life and adapted their view that knowledge should
be achieved by the light of reason and universal brotherhood of men.
f.4 Masonry attacked the Church for what they believed its because they
believed it promoted of religious superstition and obscurantism, hiding truth
behind the veil of religion.

g. He was an avid book collector. He scrimped on food and clothes and lived in
modest accommodations but he bought books. Important books collected:

1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

2. Works of Alexander Dumas
3. The Wandering Jew written by Eugene Sue
4. Lives of the Presidents of the United States
5. The Complete Works of Horace

h. Events on June 25, 1884

1. Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for his painting Spoliarium while Felipe
Resurreccion Hidalgo took the second place for his painting Virgines Christianas
Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Population)
2. The Filipino painters joined the National Exposition of Fine Arts
3. Jose Rizal gave a speech in a public audience saying that Luna an Hidalgo
were the pride of the Filipino people; that genuis is not a monopoly of any race and
their prizes were products of both the Philippines and Spain. He voiced the hope that,
someday, Spain will grant the reforms needed by Filipinos.
4. This speech was published in the newspaper El Liberal. This reached the
Philippines and there were elements in the Philippines who were not pleased with this
development.

i. Completion of His Studies

1. He completed his Licenciado en Medicina on June 21, 1884. He did not have
his Doctorate in Medicine because he did not present the thesis required for
graduation. He can practice medicine with the acquisition of this degree but he cannot
teach medicine.
2. He finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters and obtained the degree
Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras with the rating of sobresaliente.

j. He started writing the novel Noli Me Tangere when he was still a student at the
Central University of Madrid.
1. He was inspired to write after reading Uncle Tom’s cabin by Harriet Beecher
Stowe. This book is about the trial and hardship of the black slaves and awakened
in him his inherent love and concern for the afflicted.

2. On January 2, 1884, the Filipino expatriates had a meeting at the house of the
Paterno brothers. It was during this meeting that the Filipinos who attended

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agreed to write a novel about the Philippines. These were Pedro Paterno, Maximo
Paterno, Antonio Paterno, Gracia Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de
Lete, Julio Llorente. Valentin Diaz, and Jose Rizal.

3. The plan did not materialize and Jose Rizal was left to write the novel. He
started writing in Madrid and he continued to write while he was in France and
Germany. Final revisions were made in Berlin.

4. He could not afford the printing cost but was saved by his friend, Maximo
Viola. He lent Jose 300 Php, the needed amount for the first 2,000 copies of the
novel.

5. On March 29, 1887, the novel was printed in Berlin. The first recipients of the
novel were Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez
Jaena, Marino Ponce, and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.

6. As a way of showing his appreciation, he gave the original manuscript of the

Noli Me Tangere and a complimentary copy to Maximo Viola.

7. Jose Rizal explained the title “Noli Me Tangere” means “Touch Me Not.” This
was from the bible, from the Gospel of St. John.

8. The book was dedicated to the Philippines, his fatherland.

D. Paris, France

1. He arrived in Paris on November 1885.

2. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
3. He found time to be with his friends, Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna, and Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo.
4. He posed for Juan Luna’s paintings.
5. Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and “La Deportacion”

E. Germany

1. On February 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg. An old university town.

a. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker at the University Eye
Hospital.
b. He listened to the lectures of Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne.
c. He wrote the poem, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg.”
d. He spent his summer vacation in 1886 in Wilhelmsfeld where he lived
with protestant Pastor Karl Ulmer to perfect his ability to speak German.
e. He started his cerrespondence with Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, the
Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. He sent a book to Prof. Blumentritt,
Aritmetica by Rufino Baltazar.

2. On August 1886, he arrived in Leipzig.

a. He met Prof. Friedrich ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer who wrote a book on the
Philippines.

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b. He translated Schiller’s William Tell to Tagalog. The book narrates how
the Swiss attained their independence in a peaceful manner.
c. He translated Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales to Tagalog for his
nephews and nieces.

3. On October 29, 1886, he arrived in Dresden.

a. He saw the painting of Raphael, the Sistine Madonna.

b. At the Zoological, Anthropological and Ethnographic Museum, he saw the
collection on the Philippines.

4. Berlin

a. He met Dr. Feodor Jagor who wrote Travels in the Philippines.

b. He met Dr. Rudolf and his son, Hans Virchow, two known German
anthropologists; Dr. W. Joest; and Dr. Ernest Schweigger, a known
opthalmologist.
c. He became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnographic
Society, and the Geographic Society.

c.1 His paper entitled Tagalische Verkunst was delivered before the
members.
c.2 He was accepted and became a very respected member.

d. He made the final revisions on the novel Noli Me Tangere. On March 29,
1887, the novel was finally printed.

5. He went to Prague to visit the tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus.

6. In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Viola and Jose Rizal parted ways. Viola
returned to Spain while Rizal continued to Rome, Italy, then Marseilles, France where
he boarded Djemnah to Saigon and finally, Manila.

F. Jose Rizal Returned to Calamba.

1. He established a clinic and his first patient was his mother.

2. He successfully removed the double cataract on his mother’s eyes.
3. He worked as a town physician.
4. He was called to Malacanang by Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrero due to the controversy
raised by Noli Me Tangere. The first copies had arrived in Manila.
5. Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade was assigned to watch over Jose Rizal.
6. After a review of the Noli Me Tangere, it was found out that the book was heretic,
impious, unpatriotic, subversive, and injurious to the government of Spain in the
Philippines. It was recommended that the importation, reproduction, and distribution
of the book should be prohibited.
7. Gov. Gen. Terrero requested Jose Rizal to leave the country.
8. Investigation on the Calamba problem.
9. Before leaving the Philippines, he wrote the poem “Hymn to Labor”, to
commemorate the elevation of Lipa, Batangas into a villa.

II. Second Leg of Jose Rizal’s Trip to Europe

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A. He travelled through Asia.

1. In Hong Kong

a. He was met by Jose Ma. Basa and other Filipinos who were exiled due
to the secularization issue of 1872.
b. He studied the Chinese language, Chinese drama and theater, Chinese
cultures and Chinese values.
c. He visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.

2. He visited Japan

a. He stayed in Yokohama.
b. He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture, theaters, martial
arts, and he visited shrines.
c. On the way to the United States, on board a ship, he met Tetcho
Suehiro.
c.1 Suehiro wrote the book Dead Traveler. In this book, he
described his travel from Japan to the U.S and his association with Jose
Rizal.
c.2 He wrote another book, Storm Over the Southern Sea. This is
said to be similar to Rizal;s Noli Me Tangere.

B. In the United States of America

1. The entire boat was quarantined when it docked in San Francisco on April
28, 1888. The reason given was because the boat came from a land where cholera
was rampant. In reality, it was because the boat carried several Chinese coolies
and laborers who accepted cheap labor, displacing the American laborers. This
situation was resolved and the passengers were allowed to disembark safely.
2. He travelled westward through Reno, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Chicago,
Albany, and New York City.
3. His comments on America:
a. The United States was a progressive and prosperous country.
b. There was lack of racial equality because there was racial prejudice
against the blacks.
c. America was a land of fairness and justice but only for the whites.

C. He reached Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888. Immediately after his

arrival, he left for London.

1. He was met by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, also an exile of 1872. He practiced
law in London.
2. Jose Rizal was introduced to Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs in England. He was also an authority on Malay languages and
customs.
3. His objectives for choosing to live in London:
a. To do research on Philippine history; and

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b. To analyze Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a rare
Philippine history book available at the British Museum.

4. Works of Jose Rizal

a. Letter to the Women of Malolos (published in February 1889) in Tagalog

as requested by M.H. del Pilar. This letter was to honor the young ladies of
Malolos who, inspite of the opposition of the parish priest, requested Gov. Gen.
Valeriano Weyler to give his permission to this endeavor. He finaly consented to
the opening of a night school for women.
b. Specimen of Tagal Folklore (published in the Asian Studies journal
Trubner’s Record on May 1889). This article consisted of Filipino proverbs and
puzzles.
c. An article on two eastern fables which compared the Filipino fable
“Monkey and Turtle” with the Japanese fable “Monkey and the Crab.”
d. He received news that Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the La Solidaridad, a
fortnightly periodical of the Propaganda.
d.1 When Marcelo H. del Pilar arrived in Barcelona, Spain, he took over
as the editor.
d.2 He wrote articles for the periodical from 1889 to 1890.
d.3 He used the pen name “Laong Laan.”

5. Sculptural works:

a. Prometheus Bound
b. Triumph of Death over Life
c. Triumph of Science over Death

D. He transferred to Paris.

1. He continued his research on Philippine history at the Bibliotheque

Nationale or the National Library in Paris.
2. He continued to work on his annotation of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas. He published his annotated version.
3. He studied the French language.
4. He wrote a volume of French exercises that the students of the French
language may use as a textbook or workbook.
5. He founded the Kidlat Club and the Indios Bravos. These social clubs
which aimed to prove that the Filipinos could excel intellectually and physically.
6. He published Por Telefono. This answered Fr. Salvation Font, a Spanish
friar who attacked the Noli Me Tangere.

E. His Activities in Brussels

1. He continued to write El Filibusterismo, his second novel.

2. He wrote articles for the La Solidaridad.
a. “La Verdad Para Los Todos” or “The Truth for All People”
b. “Verdades Nuevas” or “New Truths”
c. “Una Profanacion” or “A Profanation”
d. “Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos” or “The Philippines A Century Hence”

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e. “Sin Nombre” or “Without Name”
f. “Sobre La Nueva”
g. “Sobre La Indolgencia de los Filipinos”
3. Publication of the El Filibusterismo. Like Noli Me Tangere, money was very
scarce and it was financed by Valentin Ventura.
4. He received the news that the members of his family were deported to different
places. They also lost the agrarian case in Calamba.
5. Publication of El Filibusterismo

F. The Decision to Transfer to Madrid

1. The case of Rizal was elevated to the Supreme Court in Madrid. Rizal wanted
to pay attention to the case. The Calamba residents were forced to leave the town,
their houses were burned and more people were exiled, including the entire Rizal
family.
2. He wrote a poem entitled “A Mi Musa” (“To My Muse”)
3. Rivalry between Jose Rizal and M.H. del Pilar

a. Another group of Filipinos was being formed in Madrid. This was

composed of disgruntled students who viewed that the members of Circulo
Hispano Filipino were more inclined to accomodation, moderation, and
politeness toward the Spaniards than actually fighting for reforms in the
Philippines.

b. Another organization was formed. This was the Asosacion Hispano

Filipino. It was headed by Dr. Miguel Morayta, a Spanish professor and a
Mason Grandmaster. In a meeting to decide where the direction of the
Propaganda was going, the group started with an election of the leader. There
were 90 Filipino members. An election was held and it was a contest between
Jose Rizal and M.H del Pilar. For two canvassings, del Pilar lead the votes
but there was no majority. Finally, on the third attempt, Jose Rizal won but
Jose chose to leave than divide the Filipinos in Madrid.

4. Paciano, his elder brother, advised Jose not to return to the Philippines but he
compromised that Jose can return to the East, near enough for his parents and
relatives to visit him but he cannot be disturbed by the Spaniards. He left for Hong
Kong.

G. His Prodcutive Life in Hong Kong

1. Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for his fare to Hong Kong.
2. With his undesirable experience in Madrid, he decided to leave the political life
in Europe and concentrate on his endeavors.
3. He applied for his license to practice medicine in Hong Kong and this was
granted.
4. He had a reunion with his siblings and his parents. He supported them in Hong
Kong.
5. His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez helped him start his practice in
Hong Kong.

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6. He went to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative place for displaced
Calamba farmers.
7. Writings
a. He translated The Rights of Man written in French to Tagalog, Ang
Mga Karapatan ng Tao.

8. Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of a organized group of Filipinos toward the
attainment of the liberty of the people of the Philippines.

a. Jose Rizal wrote the constitution of the organization called La Liga Filipina.

9. Return to the Philippines

a. He wanted to face Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol on the fate of his North
Borneo project since the governor general remained silent on Jose Rizal’s
petition.
b. Together with his sister Lucia, Rizal left Hong Kong and returned to
Manila.

Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise I. Enumerate all the places where Dr. Jose Rizal visited. Indicate his
significant journey and achievement in this respective places where he stays and
develop his character as a person. Use the table below.

Places Significant Journey and Achievements

1. Hong-Kong He studied the Chinese language, Chinese drama and theater,

Chinese cultures and Chinese values
2. Japan He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture,
theaters, martial arts, and he visited shrines.
3. Germany He worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker and Prof.
Wilhelm Kuehne.
- He wrote poem, “ To the Flowers of Heidelberg”.
4. Paris, France He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
-Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and “La Deportacion
5. Berlin He became a member of the Anthropological Society, the
Ethnographic Society, and the Geographic Society.
- He made the final revisions on the novel Noli Me Tangere. On
March 29, 1887, the novel was finally printed
6. Madrid He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November
3, 1882.
-He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and Carbonell In
shooting and fencing
7. United State of He travelled westward through Reno, Utah, Colorado,
America Nebraska, Chicago, Albany, and New York City
8. Brussels He wrote articles for the La Solidaridad, Publication of El
Filibusterismo

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9. Calamba He worked as a town physician. - He established a clinic and his
first patient was his mother
10. Spain He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital of Spanish province,
Cataluna.
- He wrote essays for Diaryong Tagalog

Exercise II. Who among the Great Leaders / Scholars in the world you wanted to
meet? And Why? Give at least 5 of them. Use the table below.

World Leaders / Scholars Relevant Questions / Concerns

[Link] Gandhi- The Anti- The leader of India’s independence

War Activist With A Global movement achieved remarkable feats through a form
Legacy of non-violent civil
disobedience that would inspire millions
around the world, including many of the people on this
list.
2. Winston Churchill Resolute Leadership During One of the Most Painful
Episodes In Human History He was tasked with the
daunting task of leading Britain and the Allied powers
to victory against the Nazis during the Second World
War. His wisdom, upright character and persistence
led Britain from the brink of defeat to victory in the
most brutal war of the 20th century
3. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebrated Civil Rights Activist That Forever Changed
America as an African American born in the rural
south, MLK faced an uphill battle all his life. Growing
up in Atlanta, Georgia, the young Martin was
considered a precocious student who paid little
attention to his studies and found great discomfort in
religion.
[Link] Mandela A Man Whose Cause for Freedom Proved
Triumphant Mandela was neither a politician nor an
opportunist, but a man deeply committed to improving
the lives of his people and applying the same message
of freedom and equality to all nations.
[Link] Einstein Rewriting The Laws of Nature for The Betterment of
Humanity Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous
scientist of the 20th century. The prized physicist had a
profound impact on our understanding of the universe,
including basic concepts such as time, light and
gravity.

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Exercise 3. How will you differentiate the beauty and characteristics of Asian
Nations from the European Nations.

When thinking of the differences between these regions you can come up with
numerous things, but there are more differences and comparisons that don´t
immediately come to your mind. People often think that Europe is more developed
than Asia is, but this is not always the case. Asian countries have different
development levels, but that doesn’t mean Asia is a ‘poor’ continent

Europeans tend to be more straightforward when presenting their opinions. They

want to be sure that their statements are clear and properly delivered, but they Don’t
want to be rude or impolite to other people. Asians like to discuss topics for a Longer
time than Europeans do. They can talk about something for hours and still not Come
up with a conclusion. Usually they become passive-aggressive, and try to avoid Any
inconveniences during meetings. Europeans are more individualistic; they like to
Motivate themselves, instead of being motivated by other people. Asians are more
Focused on group dynamics; they share success and failure among each other, and let
Everyone know they belong to a community.

Europeans build connections, so they can use them to get successful. In Asia,
Making connections doesn´t matter as much as using existing connections for career
Advancement. Time is money for Europeans, so they want to show up on time for
Meetings and appointments because they know that everyone’s time is very valuable.
Asians are more focused on the culture and intimacy, so time is not considered a top
Priority. We can say that there are some differences between the two continents. But
As everything is modernizing, the cultural differences are disappearing. So don’t be

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Fooled when coming to Asia, because they know more about Europeans then you
Think.

When traveling to Asia from a European country, you will definitely notice many
differences. These differences are even more apparent when one visits smaller cities,
where foreigners are nonexistent.

Asian social greetings are very different than those used in Europe. In Taj Mahal,
Greece, Buddhist temple , colosseum, and Vietnam, a greeting is usually carried out
in the form of a Bow. In Southeast Asia, it is a smile and nod is common when giving
a verbal greeting. In contrast, a handshake is the most common greeting in Europe.
When you are not Sure what to do, a verbal greeting is always acceptable.

Motivation:

1. If you can have the opportunity to chose, where do you want to stay during the last
days of your life? Who were the people you want to be with you? And, how will you
spend this precious time with them?
- will stay with my family and loves one in my life, because I want to spend my
time together with them and do things that are never easy to forget in a
memorable moment, because through it you cannot match the pleasure that
will feel with the family.

2. What battle or fight in your life, where you will not hesitate to sacrifice your life?
For your dreams, family or country?
- I will risk my life to my family and to the people who truly love me because
even If it is hard I am ready to fight and I will never hesitate to sacrifice my
life for Them.

Unit IV: Rizal’s Last Days

H. The End Part of His Life

1. On his arrival, he was met by Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio

Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Deodato Arellano, and other patriots. They met in
Ilaya Street and formed the La Liga Filipina (The Filipino League).
2. He took a train in Tutuban and visited Malolos, Bulacan; San fernando,
Pampanga; Tarlac; and Bacoor, Pampanga.
3. Handbills were found in Lucia’s pillows entitled Pobres Frailes. Jose Rizal was
ordered arrested by Despujol.
4. He was ordered exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga.

a. The prisoner was handed over to Captain Ricardo Carcinero, the political
military governor of Dapitan, an isolated Spanish outpost in northern Mindanao.
b. One of the passenger was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J.

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c. He won in a lottery with Captain Carnicero and Francisco Equilor. He
bought land in Talisay. He constructed his house, a clinic, and a school.
d. He continued to correspond and sent various species of plants, animals,
and insects to other European scientists.
e. Animals species named after Jose Rizal:
- “Rhacophurus rizali, a frog”
- “Apogonia rizali, a beetle”
f. He constructed a huge relief map of Mindanao at the town plaza with the
help of Fr. Sanchez.
g. He helped in the livelihood of the people.
- He modeled an invention on a Belgian example of making bricks.
- He taught the people to run a cooperative to ensure they have an
income from buying and selling abaca and its products.

h. Poems written while he was in Dapitan:

- “El Canto del Viajero”

- “A Ricardo Carnicero”

i. He did an operation on his mother’s eyes.

j. He studied the native medicinal plants of Dapitan so he could prescribe
these to his patients.
k. Mr. George Tauffer was brought to him in Dapitan with Josephine
Bracken.
l. Revolution broke out in Manila in 1896. Dr. Pio Valenzuela arrived in
Dapitan with a blind man, Raymundo Mata. Dr. Valenzuela imparted to Jose
Rizal the intents of the revolution.
m. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Jose Rizal on world events. He
suggested that Riza volunteer his services to the Spanish government and join
forces as a doctor in Cuba as a means to end his exile.
n.
o. Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanc granted Jose Rizal’s request. On July 30, 1896,
he was granted a safe conduct pass. Rizal returned to Manila on board the steamer
Espana.

I. His Last Trip to Europe

1. While on board the steamer Espana, awaiting another ship that will transport
him to Spain and eventually to Cuba, Philippine Revolution broke out.
2. He was transferred to another ship and left for Spain.
3. He was arrested while cruising the Mediterranean Sea. He was imprisoned in
Barcelona, Spain and was immediately deported back to Manila.
4. In Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. He was tried on the charges of
sedition, rebellion, and illegal association.
5. He was found guilty and was sentenced to death through a firing squad on
December 30, 1896.

Evaluation / Assessment

Exercise 1: Describe the Life of Dr. Jose Rizal in Dapitan.

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- Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao which
was Under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896. This
four year interregnum in his life was tediously unexciting, but was abundantly
fruitful With varied achievements.

Exercise 2. Compose your own reaction on this particular event.

- This was the time Rizal was found guilty and was sentence of death. Dr. José
Rizal was executed by firing squad by the Spanish colonial government for the
crime of rebellion, on Dec. 30, 1896. But his death meant much more for the
Filipinos. It sparked the revolution in the country against the Spanish
government, which ruled Las Islas Filipinas (now the Philippines) from 1565
to 1898. Rizal inspired the nation to be born.

Exercise 3. As a Filipino, how will you also protect and defend your country?
Illustrate and discuss your answer.
- I can defend my country through words and never accept humiliation at the
Hands of foreign powers. I will stand as a Filipino what we have and be proud.

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References:

Bayly (2019), The Evolution of Colonial Cultures: Nineteenth-Century Asia -

Oxford University Press

De Viana et al., (2018). Jose Rizal: Social Reformer and Patriot (A Study of His
Life and Times) Rex Printing Company, Quezon City

Zaide (2003). Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings. Revised Millennium Edition.
Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.

Gregorio et al., (2012), Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writing of a Genius, Writer,
Scientist, and National Hero. 2nd Edition: Published by All Nations Publishing Inc.

Russell & Rodriguez (2018). The Hero of the Filipinos. The story of Jose Rizal
Poet, Patriot and Martyr. Routledge Revivals

Slawson (2018), Imperialism, Revolution and Industrialization in 19th Century

Europe. [Link]

Teodoro (1990), History of the Filipino. 8th Edition Quezon City: Garotech
Publishing
The Making of a Philippine National Hero; The Manila Times, 2015

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