Bataan Heroes College

Bataan Heroes College

Life and Works of Rizal

Module 05

Prepared by:
MA. LUISA CARULLO, LPT

ARDHEL REYES TOLENTINO, LPT

JANIS ASTRUD N. SILVERIO, LPT

CAROLINA SAMSON- ESTRADA, LPT

General Education Department

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

TOLENTINO- ESTRADA- CARULLO- SILVERIO

Bataan Heroes College

This module or any portion thereof may not be reproduced, copied, transmitted or distributed in
any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the College or the Author

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

TOLENTINO- ESTRADA- CARULLO- SILVERIO

Bataan Heroes College

Course Information
1. Course Title : Life and Works of Rizal
2. Program :
3. Course Code : RIZAL
4. Credit Units : 3
5. Pre-requisite/s : none

Instructor Information
1. Name : Ardhel Reyes Tolentino, LPT
2. Contact Information
a. Number : 09295842115
b. Facebook Page : https://www.facebook.com/ardhel.tolentino
c. Email : [email protected]

Course Purpose and Description

As mandated by Republic Act, 1425, this course covers the life and works of the
country’s national hero, Jose Rizal. Among the topics covered and Rizal’s biography and his
writings, particularly the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, some of his essays, and
various correspondences.

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student should be able to accomplish the following outcomes to:

a. discuss Jose Rizal’s Life within the context of 19th century Philippines;
b. analyse Rizal’s various work, particularly the novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo;
c. Organize Rizal’s ideas into various themes;
d. demonstrate critical reading of primary sources;

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

e. interpret the values that can be derived from studying Rizal’ life and works; and
f. display an appreciation for education and love of country.

Course Schedule

Intended
Module
Weeks Module Learning
No.
Outcomes
1st 1 1. Introduction to Rizal Course R.A 1425 A Hero is
Born a, c, d, f
A Hero is Born

2nd 2 2. Schooldays in Binan

a, c, d, f

2nd 3 3. Rizal’s National Consciousness

- Higher education of Rizal
- Rizal’s Life Abroad
a, c, d, f
- The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad
- In the Eyes of Noli Me Tangere

3rd Midterm Assessment

4th 4 4. The Search for Filipino Origins
- Pacto de Sangr: Why We Were Conquered
a, c, d
- Pre- Colonial Philippines and Rizal’s
annotations of Marga
5th 5 5. Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish b, c, d, e, f
Rule
- Indolence and the Spanish Colonial Rule
- Rizal’s Abandonment of Assimilation
- El Filibusterismo

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

6th 6 6. Rizal’s Heroism, the Nation, and the Work a, c, d, e

- Life in Exile
- Trial and Execution
- The Transcendental Hero
6th Final Assessment

Text Book and Reference Books

Janet Espina- Clemente, and Geoffrey Rhoel Cruz (2019). Life and Works of Rizal. Published and
copyrighted C&E Publishing, Inc.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Module 5: Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

This module presents the circumstances that led to Rizal's change in

perspective on the Spanish rule--from being a propagandist asking for reforms and
campaigning for assimilation to having a more aggressive stance against the
corruption of leaders, particularly the friars.

Objectives of the Module:

At the end of this module, the students should be able to:

a. explain the implications of Rizal’s abandonment of the campaign for assimilation;

b. analyze the events that prompted Rizal to consider other means of achieving justice and
demanding reforms from Spanish; and
c. determine the importance of the youth in nation- building.
.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

1.1 Indolence and the Spanish Colonial Rule

This section presents the other works of Rizal written after the publication of his first novel, Noli
Me Tangere. This section specifically focuses on his two articles in La Solidaridad, the Sobre La
Indolencia de los Filipinos and Los Agricultores Filipinos. Both critiqued the Spaniards’
accusation that the Filipinos were indolent.

After Rizal published his first novel, Noli Me Tangere, he became an active contributor
to the biweekly newspaper, La Solidaridad. Two of his essays published on the newspaper were
Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos (1890) and Los Agricultores Filipinos (1889).

 In Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos, Rizal acknowledged Gregorio Sanclanco's El

Progreso de Filipinas (1881) and recognized the evident indolence of the Filipinos.
 However, he believed that such indolence was not inherent but was caused by the climate
of the Philippines, both in a physical sense (as a tropical country) and in a socio-political
sense (in relation to the social disorders rooted in the Spanish rule).
 For Rizal, indolence can ultimately be traced to the abuse and discrimination experienced
by Filipinos under the Spanish Rule which led to the deterioration of Filipino values.
 Furthermore, he pointed out in his essay that it was imperative to study the causes of such
indolence so thata proper solution could be conceptualized. He compared it to an illness
by saying that the indolence of the Filipinos must be properly diagnosed before a
prescription could be made.

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TOLENTINO- ESTRADA- CARULLO- SILVERIO

Bataan Heroes College

There were the economic policies implemented by the Spaniards that required Filipinos to pay
unreasonable taxes or tributo and render polo y servicio that mandated forced labor on Filipino
males16 to 60 years old fora 40-day period.

 The productivity of the Filipinos was gauged through whether they served a purpose to
the Spaniards.
 Filipinos were tagged indolent once they showed any disagreement or resistance to what
was being asked of them. In the essay, Rizal linked two factors to the indolence of the
Filipinos. First was the limited training and education provided to the Filipinos for the
Spanish government feared possible insubordination and retaliation. Second was the lack
of national sentiment of unity among Filipinos caused by the stigma that Filipino culture
was inferior to foreign culture which compelled humble submission.
 Given these factors, Rizal concluded that the solution to Filipino indolence was education
and liberty from oppression.

In Los Agricultores Filipinos, Rizal commended the intention of the Spanish colonizers to
develop agriculture in the Philippines as a means to social and economic advancement. When he
was exiled in Dapitan,

 Rizal dedicated much of his time tending the farm he bought in Talisay. In his farm, he
used modern agricultural methods he observed in his travels in Europe. He also urged
farmers in Dapitan to use fertilizers and farm machines to maximize the use of their
lands.
 In the essay, Rizal recommended to the Minister of Colonies to consult Filipino tillers
who would be affected by any agrarian problem and to assist them. Rizal pointed out that

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Bataan Heroes College

calamities were not solely to blame for the poor harvest of Filipino farmers but rather, the
abusive colonial policies, such as polo y servicio, that minimized the productivity of
farmers.
 Rizal also brought to attention the problem ot banditry and thievery in rural farms. The
inability of colonial guards to provide adequate protection to the farmers and their
farmlands prompted Rizal to urge farmers to be equipped with guns to defend themselves
against lawless elements. Thus, Rizal demanded from the Ministry of Colonies urgent
solutions these problems.

1.2 Rizal’s Abandonment Of Assimilation

This section presents the circumstances that prompted Rizal to consider other means of
campaigning for reforms for the Philippines. After a series of setbacks both in the
Philippines and Spain, Rizal was set move forward to demand change from the colonizers.

The lack of significant progress in the campaigns for reform led how the ilustrados and other
propagandists prompted many Filipinos to believe that such campaigns were futile. This
rendered them hopeless and uninterested in supporting the campaigns.

 Filipinos in Spain were losing motivation.

 Others opted to passively participate in Filipino initiatives while others decided to
find their own ways to take part in more active campaigns against Spain.
 This had been the scenario among the Filipino nationalists in Spain. Personal rivalries
among Filipinos also arose and became a hindrance to the formation of concrete plans
and actions.

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Graciano Lopez Jaena and withdrawal from Jose Rizal's La Solidaridad was caused by
disagreement and differences in ideals and aspirations.

 This left Marcelo H. del Pilar to manage the newspaper single-handedly.

 In addition, the desire of other Filipino nationalists to establish a new organization to
counter the Spanish rule resulted in setbacks on the efforts initiated by La Solidaridad.
 Many believed thatit would be better to be part of a new organization with members
united towards one goal instead of being in an organization where persona rivalries
hinder concrete actions toward greater nationalism.

One of the predominant reforms lobbied by Filipinos was representation in the Spanish Cortes.

 This move would have given Filipinos a voice in the Spanish government, though in a
limited capacity such representation was previously granted to the Filipinos but was taken
back.
 The lack of concrete commitment on the part of the Spanish government only made the
representation of Filipinos barely enough to materialize.

Around that time, Rizal was also preoccupied with the troubles of hacienderos in Calamba whose
situation he already brought before the courts of Spain. For Rizal, the lack of Philippine
representation in the Spanish Cortes and the denial of justice to the appeal of Filipinos over
agrarian problems had proven the improbability of a campaign for Filipino rights.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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 In a letter to Blumentritt in 1887, Rizal already hinted at such sentiment saying, "The
peaceful struggle must remain a dream, for Spain will never learn from her earlier
colonies in South America., But in the present circumstances we want no separation from
Spain; all we demand is more care, better instruction, better officials, one or two
representatives, and more security for ourselves and our property. Spain can still win the
Philippines for herself forever, if only Spain were more reasonable."

The situation became more complicated for Rizal after his mother and sister were arrested in
Manila.

 After several days of imprisonment, they were asked to go back to the courts in their
province on foot before they were finally released.
 In a letter sent in 1891, Rizal wrote, "If our countrymen hope in us here in Europe, they
are certainly mistaken...The field of battle is the Philippines; there is where we should
be."

Rizal set the course for his return to Manila after the publication of his second novel, El
Filibusterismo. All copiesof the novel were shipped to Philippines. Upon his arrival, he
established a new organization-the La Liga Filipina, a secret society that Portrait of La Liga
Filipina at the National Museum embodied the ideas Rizal presented in El Filibusterismo. This
includedthe calls for the provision of mutual protection, defense against all injustices, and
promotion of instruction and education among Filipinos.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

1.3 El Filibusterismo

This section provides a summary of Rizal’s follow up novel to Noli Me Tangere, the El
Filibusterismo. It focuses on Rizal’s ideologies implicit in the novel, particularly on the
continuities and changes in Rizal’s ideas in the context of Novel’s plot characters, and events.
The section also focuss on the importance of the youth in nation building as presented in the
novel.

After Jose Rizal published Noli Me Tangere in 1887, he returned tithe Philippines to see
how it was received by the public. As he expected, the possession and distribution of the novel
were immediately banned and the Spanish authorities ordered the burning of available copies.
Rizal encountered strong opposition from the Catholic Church such that he was forced to leave
the country again for Europe.

 To counter Noli Me Tangere's hopeful and romantic atmosphere, Rizal followed it up

with El Filibusterismo. Rizal started writing El Filibusterismo in 1888 and finished it in
1889.
 But just like the fate of Noli Me Tangere, Rizal also had difficulties in the publication of
El Filibusterismo due to the expensive printing costs.
 Rizal had to move to Ghent to look for cheaper ways of printing the book but still found
it too costly. Fortunately, his friend Valentin Ventura offered him financial assistance
which led to the novel's publication in September 1891.
 El Filibusterismo was much shorter with only 39 chapters compared to Noli Me Tangere
which has 64 chapters. Rizal gave Ventura the original manuscript of El Filibusterismo as
a token of gratitude for his contributions to the publication of the novel.
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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

Rizal used his first novel, Noli Me Tangere, to expose to the Filipinos the abusive ways of the
Spanish authorities and friars.

 Through the characters and plot of the novel, Rizal was able to bring to light the
corruption of the Spaniards. Through the different characters in the novel, Rizal provided
insights regarding the condition of Philippine society under the Spanish colonial rule.
 It was also through the experience of these characters that Rizal was able to direct readers
into recognizing the ills that plagued the country. For instance, Elias, a character whose
family suffered from abuses of the Spaniards and thus took part in the revolutionary
struggle, can be considered a representation of the revolutionary spirit of the Filipinos.
 The main antagonist in the novel, Padre Damaso, is the epitome of hypocrisy and moral
corruption of the Spaniards, particularly the friars. At the endof the novel, Rizal
challenged the youth, in the character of Basilio, to recognize their role in society-as the
catalyst for social change.

In El Filibusterismo, Rizal warned Spain that its corrupt and self-seeking colonial government
would only lead to disaster, such as what happened to Kabesang Tales and Basilio in the novel.

 The novel focuses on the discontent of the youth, led by Basilio, with the condition of
Philippine society.
 Basilio experienced great loss in both novels.
 InNoli Me Tangere, he lost his brother Crispin and mother Sisa and in El Filibusterismo,
he once again lost two very important individuals in his life, Juli and Kapitan Tiyago. In
some analyses, Basilio seemed to represent Rizal in the novel.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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 Furthermore, Rizal also condemned the elite Filipinos, who out of greed, selfishness,
complacency, and cowardice, turned a blind eye on the abuses of the Spanish authorities
as long as these did not affect them. Rizal illustrated this contempt through the
characters of Doña Victorina and Paulita Gomez who preferred to be associated with the
wealthyJuanito Pelaez over the poor Isagani.

Despite presenting a narrative that starkly condemned the Spanish rule, Rizal was not asking for
a revolution to demand immediate independence. Instead, he proposed that the task of Filipinos
was to prepare for eventual independence once they are proven to be worthy and ready for it. It is
through education, exemplary lives, and willingness to sacrifice that freedom can be achieved
according to Rizal. At the end of the novel, Rizal, through Padre Florentino, called on the youth
to respond to such challenge.

Today, the two novels remain popular. The original manuscript of Noli Me Tangere was
acquired by the Philippine government in 1911 foro 000 pesos from Soledad Rizal de Quintero.
The original manuscript El Filibusterismo was sold by Valentin Ventura to the Philippine
government in 1928 for 10,000 pesos. Both were kept in Manila City Hall for safekeeping.
However, the liberation battle of 1945 destroyed almost everything in Manila and the looting and
pilferage of historical documents became rampant because of their outstanding monetary value.

In 1946, most of the lost documents were returned to the National Library under a "no publicity-
no question policy" arrangement. Through this, the invaluable works of Rizal were safely kept
by the National Library in the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section. In 1961, as the government
prepared for the centennial celebration of Rizal's birth anniversary, the original works of Rizal
including Noli Me Tangere,El Filibusterismo, and Mi Ultimo Adios were included in the exhibit
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as part of the international conference organized by the Jose Rizal National Centennial
Commission.

However, on December 8, 1961, the three works were stolen from the glass-encased-locked
display counter. Upon negotiations, they were returned to the National Library on February 9,
1962.

A few years ago, the original copies of the Noli Me Tangere and Filibusterismo in the
possession of the National Library were reported to be decaying. Once more, the cultural
treasures were under the threating lost forever. Fortunately, the German government offered
acvation project in 2011 iust in time for the 150th birth anniversary of Jose Rizal.

In conclusion. Will you please tell me

the things that you’ve learned about
this lesson? Put your answer in the box
below.

This image is under the property of : Google Sites Owl School Teacher School Funny Images

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Assessment
Exercise No. 01 Essay
Outline and analyse Rizal’s abandonment of assimilation. What led to Rizal’s shift in ideology?
Was this shift justifiable? Explain and justify your answer.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

Exercise No. 02 Open- ended questions.

 As a student of 21st century era, what do you think is the important roles of youths in
nation building?

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Assessment tool no. 01: Holistic Rubric for Exercise no. 01 and Home
Assignment

Holistic Rubrics

A holistic rubric consists of a single scale with all criteria to be included in the evaluation being
considered together (e.g., clarity, organization, and mechanics). With a holistic rubric the rater
assigns a single score (usually on a 1 to 4 or 1 to 6 point scale) based on an overall judgment of
the student work. The rater matches an entire piece of student work to a single description on the
scale. https://resources.depaul.edu/teaching-commons

HOLLISTIC RUBRIC

SCORE DESCRIPTIONS TOTAL

4 The given facts about the questions are all appropriate. All the
suggestions are pure based on the guide given or topic and the
construction of the sentences are clear to identify the thoughts.

3 Almost all the given facts about the questions are all appropriate.
Many of the suggestions are pure based on the guide or topic and the
construction of the sentences are mostly free from errors to identify
the thoughts.

2 Some of the given facts about the questions are not appropriate. Many
of the suggestions are not based on the guide about the topic and the
construction of the sentences is somewhat confusing.

1 All the given facts about the questions are not appropriate. All the
suggestions are not based on the guide about the topic and the
construction of the sentences are not clear to identify the thoughts.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

Home Assignment

Compare and contrast the two propagandists. Complete the table provide and answer the
questions that follows.

Rizal Del Pilar

Back ground

Major Works

Propaganda Style

Nationalistic Ideology

What are the implications of the Rizal-Del Pilar rivalry to the formation of Rizal’s nationalistic
ideologies?
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Bataan Heroes College

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References
Gonzales, J. (2014, May 1). Know Your Terms: Holistic, Analytic, and Single-Point
Rubrics. Retrieved from Cult of Pedagogy: https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/holistic-analytic-
single-point-rubrics/

Janet Espina- Clemente, and Geoffrey Rhoel Cruz (2019). Life and Works of Rizal. Published and
copyrighted C&E Publishing.

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Rizal’s Change in Perspective on the Spanish Rule

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Bataan Heroes College

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