LIFE AND WORKS OF DR JOSE RIZAL

Legal Basis of Studying the Life of Jose Rizal

Republic Act No. 1425

House Bill No. 5561
Senate Bill No. 438

An Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and
Universities Courses on the Life, Works, and Writings of JOSE RIZAL, Particularly His
Novels NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO, Authorizing the Printing and
Distribution Thereof, and for Other Purposes.

Constraints confronting the Rizal Bill

1. El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere contains passages which were considered as anti-
church;
2. Violation of the Constitutional freedom and of conscience;
3. Church made use of lobbyist as well as priest to oppose the bill;
4. Priest attended hearings on the Senate;
5. Seminars were held across the countryside to oppose the bill

Republic Act 1425- Sponsored by Sen. Claro M. Recto

June 12, 1956- It was approved by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay
August 16, 1956- It took effect, and it was Implemented by the Ministry of Education

A Hero is Born
June 19, 1861- the birth of a Hero, the Philippines was browsing redolently beneath the shadow
of the cross. The Filipino people was under the Pax Hispanica over the entire Archipelago.
June 22, 1861- Rev. Ruffino Collantes baptized Rizal in the Catholic Church of Calamaba.
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda- The full name of the baby boy who was
destined to become the greatest genius and hero of the Philippines.
Parents:
Francisco Mercado Rizal- the hero’s father, who was born in Binan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
and died in Manila on Jan 5, 1898.
Teodora Alonzo Realonda. Mother of Rizal, who was born in Manila on Nov. 8, 1826 and died
in manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85.
The Rizal ’s Children:
1. Saturnina (1850-1913) 6. Maria (1859-1945)
2. Paciano (1851-1930) 7. Jose (1861-896)
3. Narcisa (1852-1939) 8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
4. Olympia (1855-1887) 9. Josefa (1865-1945)
5. Lucia (1857-1919) 10. Trinidada (1868-1961)
11. Soledad (1870-1926)
Ancestry of Rizal. Like a typical Filipino Rizal was of mixed ancestry. In his veins flowed of
both east and west – Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish.
1849- Gov. Narciso Claveria, ordered the Filipino families to choose new surname from the list
of Spanish family names, the children of Lorenzo Alberto Alonso adopted the name “Realonda”
hence Teodora Alonso became “Teodora Alonso Realonda”.
Mercado- was the original name of Rizal family which mean “Market” or Merchant” it was a
surname adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lam-co, the paternal Chinese ancestor of Rizal.
The term “Rizal” came from the Spanish word racial which means “Green Field” or “new
pasture”
Rizal Family. Was one of the richest in the families in Calamba during the time prior to its
prosecution by the Friars.
Rizal Home
Stone House. one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish times. It was
rectangular in shape of adobe stone and hardwood with a red tiled roof.

Childhood Days and Happy Memories of Rizal

 Playing in the Family Nipa Garden

 Daily Angelus Prayer
 listening Fairy Stories of his Aya
 Nocturnal walk in the town

Death of Concepcion- was the first sorrow of Rizal. Her younger sister died at the age of 3
because of sickness.

First Education from Mother. Jose’s first teacher was his mother. A woman of good character
and fine education, Dona Teodora was a splendid teacher a t the age of three Rizal learned the
alphabet and the prayers from her mother.

Rizal’s 3 Uncle who played a great part in his early education, brothers of his mother.
 Gregorio a lover of books. He instilled into the mind of (Jose) a great love for books.
 Jose encouraged Rizal to paint, sketch and to sculpture.
 Manuel encouraged Rizal to learn in swimming, fencing, wrestling and other sports.

Artistic Talents. Since Early Childhood Rizal revealed his God given talents for the arts, he
drew sketches and pictures on his books and on the book of his sister. He carved figures of
animals and persons out of wood.
Prodigy of the Pen. Rizal Not only was skilled in brush, chisel and pen-knife, but also in pen.
He was born poet. His mother encouraged him to write poetry. At early age he begin to learn to
read A,B,C, and he was already writing poems.
Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children) The first known poem of Rizal. He wrote it
as an appeal to the Filipino people to love our national language.
3 Influences on Hero’s Boyhood.
 Hereditary Influence- according to science, there are inherent traits or qualities which a
person inherits from his ancestors and parents. From his Malayan ancestors, Rizal,
evidently, inherited his passionate love for freedom and he serenity of life’s outlooks.
 Environmental Influence. According to psychologist, environment, as well as heredity,
affects the nature of a person. The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden
of the Rizal family stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of Jose Rizal.
 Aide of Divine Providence- the greatest influence that man ever had. A person may have
all everything in life, brains, wealth, and power but without the aid of God, man Cannot
attain greatness in the annals of nation.
Rizal School Days in Binan
Binan Laguna- the first formal Schooling of Rizal.
1870-1871- Rizal’s Elementary life, it was an education with much religion and overly strict
discipline.

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- The Elementary teacher of Jose Rizal, and former teacher of
his older brother Paciano.

Rizal’s Daily life in Binan.

 Methodical Life
 Spartan in Simplicity

Best Student in School. In school studies, Jose beat all Binan students. He surpassed them all in
Spanish, Latin and other subjects.
Injustice to Hero’s Mother. Before June came, tragedy struck the Rizal family. Dona Teodora
was arrested on malicious charge that she aided her brother Jose Alberto in trying to poison
Albertos wife.
The Martyrdom of the Gom-Bur-Za. Jose Rizal was nearly eleven years old when the tragic
martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za took place. It was another Spanish injustice, like that done in his
mother.
Feb 17, 1872- Execution of the Gom-Bur-Za
 Fr. Mariano Gomez
 Fr. Jose Burgos
 Fr. Jacinto Zamora
 Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora
 The 3 priests were implicated in the CAVITE MUTINY (INSURRECTION) in January
20, 1872
 Governor General RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO revoked their exemption from compulsory
labor and increase tax deduction from their monthly pay
 The ensuing mutiny was quelled by loyal forces
 The KING of SPAIN and the POPE Himself gave instruction for the secularization of the
country but refused the friars contending that the FILIPINO people were never ready to
take over
 The 3 priests were garroted at Bagumbayan on February 17, 1872 (this experience
awakened the nationalism among Filipinos)

“Triumphs in the Ateneo”

Rizal’s Year in Ateneo
1872-1873- First Year
1873-74- Second Year
1874-75- Third Year
1875-76 Fourth Year
1876-77- Fifth Year- Graduated the degree Bachelor of Arts

Jusuit System of Education. The system of education given by the Jusuits in the Ateneo was
advance from other colleges in that period.
Fr. Jose Bech, First professor of Rizal whom he describe as “tall thin man, with a body slightly
bent forward, a hurried walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired, small deep-sunken eyes, a
sharpnose that was almost greek, and thin lips forming an arc whose ends fell toward the chin.
Division of Student in Ateneo
Roman Empire- consisting the Internos (boarders).
Carthaginian Empire- composed of the Externos (non boarders).

Ranks of each Empires. The two groups were in perpetual warfare for supremacy in the class.
1. Emperor- the best student in each empire
2. Tribune- the second best
3. Decurion- the third best
4. Centurion – the fourth
5. Standard -Bearer
Rizals First year in Ateneo (1872-73). After the first week, the frail Calamba boy progressed
rapidly at the end of the month, he became “Emperor”.
Religious Picture. It was the first prize he ever won in Ateneo.
1873-1874- Rizal was placed second during his second year in Ateneo.
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874). Nothing happened to Rizal during his second term except
that he repented having neglect his studies it is because he was offended by the teachers remarks,
he was placed second during the second half of his first year although all his grades were still
marked excellent.
Prophecy of Mother’s Released. In March 1874 Rizal visited his mother in the provincial jail.
The mother was very happy to see her favorite child making splendid progress in college. During
their conversation her mother told her son about his dream the previous night. Rizal interpreting
such dream, and said to her that she would be released in 3 months’ time, which became true.
Teenage interest in Reading. It was during the summer vacation in 1874 in when Rizal began
to take interest in reading romantic novels. As romantic teenager he became in love reading
Stories and romantic tales.
The Count on Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas. first favourite novel of Rizal. This thrilling
novel made a deep impression on him. His boyish imagination was stirred by the sufferings of
Edmond Dantes.

“Extra- Curricular Activities”

Membership to the Different Student Organizations.
1. Emperor inside the classroom
2. Leader outside the Campus
3. Secretary of a religious society, The Marian Congregation
4. Member of the Spanish Literature.
“Atenean Professors who cultivated his talents”
1. Father Sanchez, guided Rizal in his Literary Talents
2. Father Jose Vilaclara, Advised him to stop communing with muses and pay more
attention to practical studies.
3. Agustin Saez, a famous Spanish Painter help Rizal to devoted his time in fine arts.
4. Rumualdo de Jesus, guided Rizal in Sculptural Works

Great Poems Written in Ateneo

1. Mi Primera Inspiracion (my First Inspiration) dedicated to his mother on her birthday.
It was his first wrote poem.
2. Through Education Our Mother Receives Light. Rizal had a very high regard for
education. he believed in the significant role which education plays in the progress and
welfare of a nation.
3. The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education, Rizal showed the
importance of religion in education. To him, education without God is not true education.
First Romance of Rizal. At age sixteen Rizal experienced his first romance to “Segunda
Katigbak” a love at first sight but it was hopeless since the very beginning because Segunda was
already engaged to be married to her town mate, Manuel Luz.

Graduation in Ateneo:
March 23, 1877- Graduated with Highest Honors
Bachelor of Arts- Finished at the age of 16
“Rizal at the University of Santo Tomas”
Mothers Opposition to Higher Education. His mother objected Jose acquire higher education.
She was thinking of the safety of Rizal, because she knew the fate of the Filipino intellectual
who were either executed or exiled by the Spanish
Rizal Enters the University. In April 1877, Rizal, who was then nearly 16 years old,
matriculated in the university of Santo Tomas.
2 reasons taking Philosophy and letters
1. His father like it
2. He was “still uncertain as to what career to follow
(1878-1879) Rizal was enrolled in Medicine.
Two reasons why he studied medicine were:
1. He wanted to be a physician so that he might cure his mother’s failing eyesight.
2. The father Rector of the Ateneo, whom he consulted for a choice of career, finally
answered his letter, recommending medicine.
Perito Agrimensor (expert Surveyor)- Rizal studied in Ateneo, while studying in University of
Santo Tomas.
Leonor Rivera. Rizal’s next Romance was his cousin the daughter of his uncle Antonio Rivera.
Leonor, was born in Camiling, Tarlac, on April 11, 1867, was a frail, beautiful girl, “tender as a
budding flower with, wistful eyes.” Between Jose and Leonor Sprang a tenderly beautiful
romance. They became engaged and had secret intimate relationship from their parents and
friends.
Victim of Spanish Officer’s Brutality. When Rizal was a freshman medical student at the
university of Santo Tomas, He his first taste of Spanish brutality. Not knowing the person due to
darkness, he did not salute nor say courteous “Good Evening” to the Lieutenant of the Guardia
Civil, he turned upon Rizal, whipped out a sword and brutally slashed the latter on the back.
The Prize Winning Poem of Rizal
To the Filipino Youth (1879). The board of judges was impressed by Rizal’s poem and give it
the first prize. This prize was a silver pen, feather-sh aped and decorated with a gold ribbon.
The Council of the God’s (1880) “El Consejo de los Dioses” the artistic- Literary Lyceum
opened another Literary contest to commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of cervantes
the contest was opened to both Filipinos and Spaniards.

Rizal’s Unhappy days at UST.

1. The Dominican Professor were hostile to him.
2. The Filipino students were racially discriminated.
3. The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
Decision to Study Abroad.
 Rampant Bigotry of his Professor
 Racial Discrimination to the Filipino Student.
 Hostility in the university of Santo Thomas.
Rizal in Sunny Spain

Secret Departure for Spain. Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret in order to avoid
detection by the colonial officials and the Friars.
Jose Mercado. Was the named used by Rizal in his departure to Spain to outwit the Spanish
Authorities.
Salvadora. The steamer ship which Rizal took his voyage from the Philippines to Singapore.
Two things that Rizal Admired to Singapore.
1. He was impressed by its progress and beautiful sights.
2. The confidence which the natives of Singapore seemed to have in their government.
Djemnah. A French steamer which was sailing to Europe, where Rizal boarded his voyage to
Spain, after his 7 days of stay in Singapore.
Barcelona. Greatest city of Cataluna and Spain’s second largest city.
“Amor Patrio” (Love of Country). During his stay in Barcelona Rizal Wrote a nationalistic
essay entitled Amor Patrio (Love of Country). The first article on Spain soil. He sent this article
to his friend in Manila.
“Amor Patrio” is a Spanish Article originally written by Rizal.
Laong-Laan- the pen Name of Rizal appeared in Diariong Tagalog.
August 20, 1882. Rizal’s Amor Patrio, under his pen-name Laong Laan appeared in print
Diariong Tagalog and was published in two text, Spanish and Tagalog. The Spanish was
Originally written by Rizal in Barcelona. The Tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made by
M. H. del Pilar.
Nov. 3, 1882. Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of
Madrid) in two courses Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.
Masonry. was a prominent Spanish masons loudly and freely attacked the government and the
church abuses.
Dimasalang- Masonic name of Rizal in Madrid
2 reasons persuaded Rizal to join Masonry in Spain
1. Because of the abuses and unworthy priest habit of the Friars in the Philippines.
2. He needed the help of the Masons to fight the bad Friars in the Philippines.
Financial Worries. Rizal was suffering from strong financial constrain because the regular
allowance in Madrid decreased, and at times no allowance arrived from the Philippines.
“Degree course finished at the Central University of Madrid” (Spain)
June 21, 1884. Graduated with the degree Licentiate in Medicine
1884-1885. Graduated with degree Doctor of Medicine
June 19, 1885. Graduated with the degree Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
“NOLI ME TANGERE, 1887”
Idea of Writing a Novel on Philippines. Rizal’s reading Harriet Beecher’s Uncle Tom’s
Cabin. Which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of
the unfortunate Negro, slave, inspired Rizal to prepare a novel on the Philippines.

1884. Rizal began writing the “Noli Me Tangere” in Madrid and finished about one –half of it.
December 1886. It was considered the dark days of Rizal.
Dr. Maximo Viola. Was considered as Godsend friend to Rizal because without him. The Noli
would most likely never appear in spirit. The meeting of Rizal and Viola was the Joyous
happening ever happened to Rizal’s life in Berlin.
The first edition of the “Noli” was Printed in Berlin in 1887.
300 pesos. The cost of printing of the Novel (advance by Viola) for 2,000 copies.
March 29, 1887. It was very a significant date for it was the date for when the Noli Me
Tangere came off the press.
Noli Me Tangere. Is a Latin phrase which means “Touch me Not.”
Noli me Tangere. Was taken from Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20, verses 13-17). Which signify
“do not touch me”.
The Authors Dedication. Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines.
The Noli Me Tangere. Was a fictional literature written by Rizal but based from a true story of
Philippine conditions during the last decades of Spanish rule. The places, characters, and the
situations really existed.

“Rizal Back to Calamba”

Reasons to Return Home:
1. To operates on his mother’s eye
2. To serve his people who had long been oppressed by the Spanish tyrant
3. To find out for himself how the Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards in the Philippines.
4. To find out why Leonor Rivera had remained silent.
Importan t Accomplishment of Rizal’s decision to return home
1. Established his medical clinic in Calamba
2. Successful operation of his mother’ sightless eyes
3. Patients from Manila and the Province flocked to Calamba
4. Opened a Gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced European sports
5. He tried to interest his town mates in sports
6. Discourage the cockfights and gambling
Storm over the “Noli” The Friar attackers of the Noli, whispered the governors ear that the
novel contain subversive ideas.
the Friar attackers of the “Noli”
1. Father Salvador Font. Augustinian cura asserted that the novel “Noli” contained
subversive ideas against the church and Spain, and recommended that the importation,
reproduction and circulation of the novel the Philippines would be absolutely prohibited.
2. Fr. Jose Rodriguez. Published in 1888 a pamphlet entitled Cai-ingat Cayo (Beware)
which attacked the Noli and warned the readers that if they read it” they commit mortal
sins, and the book is full of heresy
3. Vicente Barrantes. Spanish writer who criticize the “Noli” published in a Madrid
newspaper, La espana Moderna in January 1890.

Defenders of the Noli.

1. Marcelo H. del Pilar. Writing under the pen-name Dolores Manapat, published a
pamphlet entitled Caiingat Cayo as an answer to Fr. Jose Rodriguez. The Caiingat cayo
published by del Pilar means “Be As Slippery as an Eel”
2. Fr. Francisco Sanchez. Defended the Noli in Public.
3. Don Segismundo Moret. A former president of the of Minister.
4. Rev. Vicente Garcia- The famous defender of the “Noli” he used the name Justo
Desiderio Magalang, he wrote it as a defense of the novel which was published dated
July 18, 1888. his writing served as an answer to the argument of Fr. Rodriguez.
Rizal’s Mournful days in Calamba
1. The death of his elder sister Olimpia
2. The groundless tales circulated by his enemies, that he was a German Spy, an agent of
BismarcK, a Protestant, a Mason, a soul beyond salvation, ect.”
Farewell to Calamba. Rizal’s exposure of the deplorable conditions of tenancy in Calamba
infuriated further his enemies. The friars exerted more effort to pressure the Malacanan Palace
to eliminate him. They asked governor Terrero to deport him but the latter refused because there
was no valid charge against Rizal in court.
Reasons why Rizal compelled to leave Calamba
1. Governor Terrero advised him to leave the Philippines for his own good
2. His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and
friends.
3. He could better fight his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy by
writing in foreign country.

“El FILIBUSTERISMO”
October 1887- Rizal begun writing the “El Fili” in Calamba.
London- Rizal made some changes
March 29, 1891-Rizal finished the manuscript “El Fili” in Biarritz.

“Desperate Moment of Rizal”

July 5 1891- Rizal was forced to live Brussel together with Jose Alejandrino because no more
funds arrived and the cost of living is high.
32 Rue de Flandre- the cheapest boarding house in Ghent where Rizal and
Alejadrino lived frugally for three months.
The Printing of “El Filibusterismo.” A few days after establishing himself in Ghent. Rizal
searched for a printin g shop that could give him the lowest quotation for the publication of his
novel.

F. Meyer-Van loo Press, No. 66 Viiaanderen street- the publisher who has the lowest printing
press in Ghent who was willing to print his book in Partial payments.

August 6 1891. The printing of the “El Fili” has suspended, as Rizal feared because he could no
longer give the necessary funds for the printer.

“El Filibusterismo” Comes Off the Press. In his morbid moments Rizal almost burned the
manuscript of “El Fili” several times.

11 Valentin Ventura- saviour of the “ El Filibusterismo” at the time he heard the predicament
of Rizal he immediately send money for the final printing of the “”El Fili”.

September 18, 1891. The “El Filibusterismo” “came of the press” Rizal was very happy, at last
the continuation of the printing of his manuscript was done.

“El Filibusterismo” praised by the Filipino patriots in foreign land and in the Philippines.

October, 1891. The liberal Madrid newspaper, El Nuevo Regimen Serialized the novel in its
issues. Practically all copies of the first edition was put in a wooden boxes and ship to
Hongkong. But almost all the boxes were confiscated and the books were lost. So the book
became rare and the few available Ghent copies were sold at a very high price amounting to 400
pesetas per copy.

“El Filibusterismo” was dedicated to the martyrdom of Father Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora.
Comparison of novel “Noli” and “El Fili”
I. Similarities
1. Written by the same author “Rizal”
2. The same story
3. The same character
II. Differences
“Noli Me Tangere”
1. Romantic novel
2. Work of the heart
3. A book of feeling
4. It has freshness, color, humor, lightness and wit.

“El Filibusterismo”
1. Political novel
2. Book of thought
3. It contains bitterness, pain, hatred, violence and sorrow.
“Rizal in Hongkong”
November 1891-1892- Rizal was in Hongkong.
Reasons to live Europe
1. Life was unbearable in Europe due to his political differences to M. H. del Pilar and
other Filipinos in Spain.
2. To lead the propaganda movement in Hongkong.
3. To be near his beloved Philippines and family.
“Writings in Honkong”
1. Ang mga karapatan Nang Tao (the Right of Man) a Tagalog translation proclaimed
by the French revolution 1798.
2. (1891) A la Nacion Espanola (To the Spanish Nation) an appeal to Spain to right the
wrongs done by the friars to the Calamba Tenants.
3. Sa Mga Kababayan (To My Countrymen) December 1891, explaining the Calamba
agrarian situation.
Most Important Writing
Constitution and By-Laws of “the Liga Filipina” (1892) It was a writing made by Rizal in
Hongkong intended to deceived the Spanish authorities. The printed copies contained false
information that the printing was done in London Printing Press, No 25 khulog street London.
Decision to Return to Manila
1. To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project
2. To established the Liga Filipina
3. To prove that Eduardo Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid.

Premonition of his Death

June 19, 1892. Rizal celebrated his 31st birthday in Honkong a day after he wrote a 2 letters
which he sealed, which is inscribed on each envelope, “to be opened after my death” and gave
them to his friend Dr. Marquez for safekeeping.
First letter addressed ‘’To My Parents Brethren, and Friends”
Second letter addressed “To The Filipinos”
Exile in Dapitan
June 26, 1892. Rizal arrived in Manila together with his sister Lucia.
July 3, 1892. Rizal founded the Liga Filipina in the home of Doroteo Ongjunco, located at Ilaya
street, Tondo Manila.
Officers of the Liga Filipina
Ambrosio Salvador-President
Agustin de la Rosa- Fiscal
Bonifacio Arevalo- Treasurer
Deodato Arellano- Secretary
Aims of the Liga Filipina
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in every and necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms.

Exile in Dapitan
July 7, 1892- Rizal was summoned to malacanan and was interrogated by Gov. Despojul if he
still wanted to go back to Hongkong. From there after he was inquest by the latter and made an
order for the deportation of Rizal.
Planted Handbills which were allegedly found in Lucias Pillow produced by Governor Despujol
when they arrived in Honkong.
Reasons for Deportation of Rizal in Dapitan
1. Rizal has been published books and articles in abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain
and which where frankly “anti- Catholic” and “imprudent anti friar”.
2. A few hours his arrival in Manila “there was found in one of the packages a bundle of
handbills entitled “Pobres Frailes” in which the patient and humble generosity of the
Filipinos is saterized, and which accusation is published against the custom of the
religious order.
3. His novel “El Filibusterismo” was dedicated to the three “traitors” (Burgos, Gomez,
and Zamora), and the title page he wrote in view against the vices and errors of the
Spanish Administration. “the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from the
mother country.
4. “the end which he pursuits in his efforts and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino
breast treasure of our holy Catholic church.
Life in Dapitan
1. Practice his Profession
2. Rizal served as an Engineer by constructing waterworks in order to furnish clean water
to the town people.
3. Civic Project in Dapitan. Awaken Civic Consciousness of its people
4. Served as an educator by putting up school for the young boys
5. Rizal as farmer
6. Rizal as businessman
February 1895. Josephine Bracken together with his blind father Mr. Taufer and a Filipino
Companion Manuela Orlac arrived in Dapitan, in order to secure the surgical service of Rizal.
An incident where a Flower conquered the eyes of Rizal
“Romance of Josephine and Rizal”. It was “A Love at First Sight” moment between two lovers
that after of whirlwind romance of one month they agreed to marry.
July 31, 1896- goodbye to Dapitan Rizals four-year es

Good-bye to Dapitan. July 31, 1896. Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end. At
midnight he left on the Steamer Espana. At last he was free! Once more, he was going to travel
from Europe to Cuba to serve as Volunteer Army Doctor in the war between Cuba and Spain.
The Trial of Rizal
September 30, 1896. Rizal was arrested and confined to the steamer where he was traveling on
board to Spain going to Cuba wher e he was supposed to volunteer as Army Doctor of Spain on
war against Cuba.
Captain A. Alemany- a ship skipper, who placed Rizal under arrest upon telegraphic orders
from Manila. Rizal was move to Spain and was jailed in Montjuich Castle (Barcelona).
November 3, 1896. The steamer Colon arrived in Manila. Rizal under heavy guard, was brought
to fort Santiago.
November 20 1896. The preliminary investigation began. The charges and evidences was
presented and was brought before the Judge.
Col F rancisco Olive- Judge advocate who administer the five-day gruelling investigation
against Rizal.
Evidences Presented against Rizal
1. Documentary Evidence
2. Testimonial Evidence
Lt. Luis Taviel de Adrade. The defends lawyer of Rizal, who served as his “bodyguard” in
Calamba in 1887.
Crimes accused to Rizal
1. Rebellion
2. Sedition
3. Illegal Association
Corresponding finds of the crimes to Spanish Law
A. Rebellion and Sedition- Life imprisonment to death
B. Illegal Association – penalty of correctional imprisonment and a fine of 325 to 3, 250
pesetas.
The military court, prejudice as it was, remained in different to Rizals pleading. The president
Lt. Col. Considered the trial over and verdict was unanimously voted for the sentenced of death.

Gov. Gen. Polavieja Signs Rizals Execution.

December 28, 1896, Governor Camilo Polavieja approved the decision of the court martial and
ordered the execution of Rizal on December 30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).
The decree read as Follows:
Manila, December 8, 1896:
Conformably to the foregoing opinion, I approve the sentence dictated by the court
Martial in the present case by virtue of which the death penalty is imposed on the accused Jose
Rizal Mercado, which shall be executed by shooting him at 7.00 am O’clock in the morning of
the 30th of this month in the field of Bagubayan.
Camilo G. de Polavieja