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    16 PDFsam Kupdf - Net Techniques and Materials of Music

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    paco desantis
    The document discusses musical intervals and accidentals. It defines an interval as the distance between two pitches and describes the different types of intervals such as major, minor, perfect, diminished and augmented. It also explains accidentals like sharps and flats that raise or lower the pitch of a note. Accidentals are only in effect within the same measure unless restated. The document provides examples of common intervals within an octave such as major and minor thirds and sixths. It discusses the relationships between different interval classifications and the inversion of intervals.

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    16 PDFsam Kupdf - Net Techniques and Materials of Music

    Uploaded by

    paco desantis
    43 views5 pages
    The document discusses musical intervals and accidentals. It defines an interval as the distance between two pitches and describes the different types of intervals such as major, minor, perfect, diminished and augmented. It also explains accidentals like sharps and flats that raise or lower the pitch of a note. Accidentals are only in effect within the same measure unless restated. The document provides examples of common intervals within an octave such as major and minor thirds and sixths. It discusses the relationships between different interval classifications and the inversion of intervals.

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    16 PDFsam Kupdf.net Techniques and Materials of Music (1)

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    The document discusses musical intervals and accidentals. It defines an interval as the distance between two pitches and describes the different types of intervals such as major, minor, perfect, diminished and augmented. It also explains accidentals like sharps and flats that raise or lower the pitch of a note. Accidentals are only in effect within the same measure unless restated. The document provides examples of common intervals within an octave such as major and minor thirds and sixths. It discusses the relationships between different interval classifications and the inversion of intervals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views5 pages

    16 PDFsam Kupdf - Net Techniques and Materials of Music

    Uploaded by

    paco desantis
    The document discusses musical intervals and accidentals. It defines an interval as the distance between two pitches and describes the different types of intervals such as major, minor, perfect, diminished and augmented. It also explains accidentals like sharps and flats that raise or lower the pitch of a note. Accidentals are only in effect within the same measure unless restated. The document provides examples of common intervals within an octave such as major and minor thirds and sixths. It discusses the relationships between different interval classifications and the inversion of intervals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    1 The Great Staff and Piano Keyboard

    3
    2 Accidentals

    I. An accidental is a sign at the left of a musical note that indicates a change in the note’s pitch.

    A. A sharp raises the pitch of a note one half step above its natural pitch.

    one half step higher than

    B. A double sharp raises the pitch of a note two half steps above its natural pitch.

    two half steps higher than

    C. A flat lowers the pitch of a note one half step below its natural pitch.

    one half step below

    D. A double flat lowers the pitch of a note two half steps below its natural pitch.

    two half steps below

    E. A natural cancels an accidental previously in effect.

    *This pitch is G natural.

    *This pitch is F natural.

    4
    II. To restore a double sharped or a double flatted note to its original pitch, a single accidental is sufficient.

    *This note is C sharp.

    *This note is D flat.

    III. Accidentals are often carelessly written, even in some printed music. The following observations on the
    proper use of accidentals in tonal music should be carefully noted.

    A. Accidentals do not carry into other octaves in the same measure; one should specify the
    desired accidental.

    B. Though a bar-line technically cancels an accidental from the preceding measure, one should
    specify the desired accidental in the new measure, in parentheses.

    C. If there is an accidental early in a measure, it is wise to restate it parenthetically later in the


    same measure.

    IV. Pitches that sound the same but are spelled differently are called enharmonic.

    ACCIDENTALS 5
    3 Intervals

    I. An interval is the distance between two pitches.

    A. This distance is measured by the number of whole and/or half steps it contains.

    B. The names for intervals correspond to the number of different names of notes the interval contains.
    1. The distance from C to E is a third (contains three note names: C, D, and E).
    2. The distance from C to B is a seventh (contains seven note names: C, D, E, F, G, A, and B).
    3. The size of an interval is indicated by an arabic numeral (for example, third = 3).

    C. Intervals are classified as major (M), minor (m), perfect (P), diminished (d), and augmented (A).
    1. 1, 4, 5, and 8 may be only P, d, or A.
    2. 2, 3, 6, and 7 may be only M, m, d, or A.

    II. The following intervals are contained within the span of an octave:
    P1, or perfect unison (prime) = 2 notes on same pitch
    m2, or minor second 1/2 step
    M2, or major second 1 step
    m3, or minor third 11/2 steps (M2 m2)
    M3, or major third 2 steps (M2 M2)
    P4, or perfect fourth 21/2 steps (M3 m2)
    A4, or augmented fourth 3 steps (M3 M2)*
    d5, or diminished fifth 3 steps (P4 m2)*
    P5, or perfect fifth 31/2 steps (M3 m3; or P4 M2)
    m6, or minor sixth 4 steps (P5 m2)
    M6, or major sixth 41/2 steps (P5 M2)
    m7, or minor seventh 5 steps (P5 m3)
    M7, or major seventh 51/2 steps (P5 M3)
    P8, or perfect octave 6 steps (P5 P4)

    *See enharmonic intervals, IV, pg. 7

    6
    III. Relationships of interval classifications.

    A. Major intervals are one half step larger than minor intervals.

    B. Augmented intervals are one half step larger than perfect or major intervals.

    C. Diminished intervals are one half step smaller than perfect or minor intervals.

    IV. Intervals that sound the same pitches but are spelled differently and thus function differently are called
    enharmonic intervals.

    A.

    B.

    V. The d5 and A4 are enharmonic intervals (see IV-B for an example). Both these intervals contain three whole
    steps (tones), and both are commonly referred to as the tritone (T) intervals.

    VI. Intervals that are larger than an octave are referred to as compound intervals.

    A. P8 M2 M9

    B. P8 m3 m10

    VII. Inversion of intervals.

    A. An interval is inverted by transferring its lower note into the higher octave or by transferring its higher
    note into the lower octave.

    B. Major intervals invert to minor intervals, and minor intervals invert to major intervals.
    1. m2 inverts to M7, and M7 inverts to m2.

    INTERVALS 7

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